In burdock, fruits with seeds are distributed. Use in medicine. External signs of raw materials

Sin .: scrofulous grass, succession, goat horns, trailer, swamp arrow, bident, dog lover, coven, dog turnips.

A herbaceous weed that has long been used for skin diseases in both adults and children.

Ask the experts

In medicine

An infusion of herb succession is used internally for colds; externally - at exudative diathesis, pyoderma, atopic dermatitis, eczema with different etiologies.

Grass of succession is a component of the Elakosept ® collection.

children

The string is one of the most popular medicinal plants which is used for bathing children. An infusion of string is often used to treat various childhood allergic diseases: diathesis, accompanied by urticaria, pruritus, seborrhea of ​​the head. In the bath with the infusion of the string, you can bathe babies from birth.

In cosmetology

A series is an affordable and popular remedy that is widely used in cosmetology. A decoction of the string helps to care for oily skin, eliminates wounds and cracks on the skin, acne, oily sheen. If you freeze a decoction from a string in special molds, then it can be used for cryomassage. This procedure tones the skin, keeps it young, invigorates and refreshes. fresh leaves strings are used to prepare nourishing, whitening masks, and the infusion of strings is used to rinse the head with seborrhea and hair loss. IN living conditions you can make hand cream. To do this, one teaspoon of herb tincture is mixed with 50 g butter and one teaspoon of honey. The prepared cream is stored in the refrigerator.

Healing baths with an infusion of string - a source of health and beauty, an excellent tool for increasing the body's defenses, its resistance to adverse effects. With sweating of the feet, fatigue of the legs, peeling, redness of the skin, foot baths from the grass of the series are effective.

Classification

The tripartite sequence (lat. Bidens tripartita L.) belongs to the Aster family (lat. Asteraceae). The genus of succession includes over 200 species of plants growing in temperate and tropical regions of the globe.

Botanical description

A series of tripartite is an annual herbaceous plant 30-100 cm high. Roots are taprooted, highly branched. Stems solitary with opposite branching. The leaves are short-petiolate, opposite, mostly tripartite, dark green. The flowers are yellow tubular, collected in single inflorescences of the basket. Each basket is surrounded by a double wrap. When flowering and the formation of fruits, the baskets darken and turn brown. The fruits are wedge-shaped compressed achenes with one longitudinal rib, obovate, with points at the top. The achenes are planted with cloves facing down; there are also cloves on the ribs of the achenes. The length of the achene is 5-8 mm, the width is 2-3 mm. The plant blooms from late June to September, bears fruit from late September.

Spreading

The succession grows in almost all regions of the European part of Russia (except for the Far North), as well as in Western Siberia, V Central Asia, in the Far East and the North Caucasus. Distributed in Belarus, Ukraine. It grows like a weed in damp places, in floodplains, near streams and swamps.

Distribution regions on the map of Russia.

Procurement of raw materials

As medicinal raw materials a succession herb (Bidentis herba) is used. The grass is harvested in the phase of budding and the beginning of flowering. For this, leafy tops 10-15 cm long are cut off. The grass is dried in attics, in the shade under a canopy with good ventilation or in dryers at a temperature of 40-45 ° C.

Chemical composition

Grass succession contains carotene, essential oil, bitterness, vitamin C, tannins, mucus, lactones, amines, macro- and microelements. Flavonoids isolated from the plant: luteolin, isocoreopsin, cynaroside, butein, sulphuretin, sulphurein, umbelliferone, scopoletin and esculetin.

Pharmacological properties

The herb has many medicinal properties. Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties plants are attributed to the polyphenolic compounds that make up tannins.

Oil extracts succession herbs containing significant quantities carotene is highly soluble in fats, also has anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.

medicinal properties series of drugs to a certain extent depend on ascorbic acid and manganese, which have importance in physiological processes. Manganese ions in the composition of enzyme systems affect the processes of hematopoiesis, blood clotting, and the activity of the endocrine glands.

The effectiveness of the use of preparations of a series in the treatment of patients with allergic skin diseases is also associated with the choleretic effect of the plant. The substances contained in the tripartite series are true choleretics (Isakova, 1980). Flavonoids and polysaccharides of the plant acting together affect the choleretic function of the liver.

Tincture of a series at intravenous administration has sedative properties, lowers blood pressure, increases the amplitude of heart contractions, somewhat enhances the contraction of smooth muscle organs.

As a diaphoretic, diuretic, vitamin and anti-allergic agent, the herb is taken orally for colds.

Since the plant improves metabolism, it is currently used for various diatheses accompanied by urticaria, scrofula, neurodermatitis and seborrheic lesions of the scalp. Outwardly, the infusion of the plant is used for the preparation of herbal baths, herbal applications for patients with skin diseases. At the same time, the series dries the wound surface and contributes to a more rapid healing affected areas of the skin.

In a clinical study of an alcohol extract and an ointment from a string, anti-inflammatory properties were noted, as well as the ability of string preparations to stimulate the function of the adrenal cortex. Alcohol extract and ointment from the series were used in patients with psoriasis for 12-15 days. At the same time, by the end of the 1st week of treatment, the peeling of the skin decreased in patients, flattening and blanching of psoriatic plaques were observed. By the end of the 2nd week, the extract of the string was stopped taking orally and only ointment therapy was continued. Thus, as a result of treatment, 96% of patients experienced complete cure or improvement, and only 4% of patients failed therapy. It should be noted that during the course of treatment, the patients did not have any complaints about the preparations of the series.

A series of grass is prepared various drugs: infusions, tinctures, composition for baths, ointments with plant extract.

Application in traditional medicine

Medicinal properties of the series have long been used in traditional medicine various countries.

In folk medicine in Russia, the series is used as a diuretic and diaphoretic, for respiratory diseases, scrofula and metabolic disorders, scurvy, for blood diseases, for scabies, lichen, sluggish digestion, toothache, as an antiallergic, antidiathetic agent. Grass string in the form of an infusion is sometimes used as a vitamin remedy for lung diseases, ulcerative processes on the skin and ulcerative colitis.

An infusion of herb succession is used orally for salt deposition, rheumatism, bleeding, hypertension, nervous disorders, to improve appetite, with urticaria, pruritus.

A decoction of the string is washed to make the skin soft, with acne and pimples, used for bathing children, as well as for lotions for skin diseases.

Tea from a string - quite common home remedy with scrofula, scrofula and diathesis in children. A mixture of string grass and lingonberry leaves is prescribed as a collection that improves metabolism in furunculosis, eczema.

Oil extracts of herb succession are used to treat difficult-to-heal wounds and ulcers. Pounded leaves of the series are applied to the bites of poisonous insects.

IN Tibetan medicine the plant is used for anemia, atherosclerosis, anthrax; V Chinese medicine- in the form of an infusion inside as an antipyretic and for tuberculosis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic, microbial eczema; in Japan - as an antipyretic.

Historical reference

Among the people, the tripartite sequence has many names: scrofulous grass, goat horns, swamp Chernobrivets, dog burdock, bident. The popularity of the plant in Russia was so great that it was harvested in 29 provinces. For a long time the sequence was used only within the country, in the west its medicinal properties were not recognized. But Chinese and Tibetan folk medicine recommended it for dysentery, eczema, joint disease.

In the Russian herbal medicine of 1893, it is written that the series is "useful for coughing ... for diluting thick sputum, green grass applied to the wound from poisonous snakes soon heals it." The three-part series is described in the first three editions of the Russian Pharmacopoeia (1866-1880). Then the plant was undeservedly excluded from the pharmacopoeia for more than a hundred years and appeared only in the 1990 edition.

Literature

1. State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. Eleventh edition. Issue 1 (1987), issue 2 (1990).

2. State Register of Medicines. Moscow 2004.

3. Medicinal plants of the State Pharmacopoeia. Pharmacognosy. (Edited by I.A. Samylina, V.A. Severtsev). - M., "AMNI", 1999.

4. Mashkovsky M.D. "Medications". In 2 volumes - M., New Wave Publishing House LLC, 2000.

5. "Phytotherapy with the basics clinical pharmacology» ed. V.G. Kukes. - M.: Medicine, 1999.

6. P.S. Chikov. "Medicinal plants" M.: Medicine, 2002.

7. Turova A.D. "Medicinal plants of the USSR and their application". Moscow. "Medicine". 1974.

8. Sokolov S.Ya., Zamotaev I.P. Handbook of medicinal plants (phytotherapy). - M.: VITA, 1993.

9. A.P. Efremov, I.A. Schroeter, T.P. Osadchaya "Secret pantries of nature". - M.O. Publishing house "Overlay", 2001. - 160 p.

10. Medicinal plants: A reference guide. / N.I. Grinkevich, I.A. Balandina, V.A. Ermakova and others; Ed. N.I. Grinkevich - M.: graduate School, 1991. - 398 p.

11. Lesiovskaya E.E., Pastushenkov L.V. "Pharmacotherapy with the basics of herbal medicine." Tutorial. - M.: GEOTAR-MED, 2003.

12. Nikolaichuk L.V., Bazhenova L.A. "Herbal Secrets". - Minsk: Urajay, 1998.

13. Nosov A. M. Medicinal plants. - M.: EKSMO-Press, 2000. - 350 p.

14. Phytotherapy of allergic skin diseases / V.F. Korsun, A.A. Kubanova, S. Ya. Sokolov and others - Mn .: "Polymya", 1998. - 426 p.

15. Forest cosmetics: Reference manual / L. M. Molodozhnikova, O. S. Rozhdestvenskaya, V. F. Sotnik. - M.: Ecology, 1991. - 336 p.

16. healthy skin And herbal remedies/ Author-comp.: I. Pustyrsky, V. Prokhorov. - M. Machaon; Minsk: Book House, 200. - 192 p.

Few from ordinary people, if they are not engaged in botany or herbal medicine, can name and show this or that medicinal plant. Especially the townspeople. And if you ask them: what is tripartite series, then the majority will find it difficult to answer. And if you remind them that after going to the forest for mushrooms or for cranberries in the swamp, they often brought home its seeds on their clothes - wedge-shaped, brown-brown with serrated awns, which then, cursing, had to be pulled out of trousers or sweaters, then that's all, Of course, the thickets will remember her and say: “So this is the sequence?!”. Yes, this is how it spreads through the territory with the help of its trailing seeds, clinging to the hair of dogs or other animals running past. And a person will pass by, she will give him a handful of her seeds - carry, they say, further. And it is no coincidence that among her people, in addition to the most common name - succession, there are others that reflect this ability to reproduce - trailer, dog lover, spinning top, bident, swamp arrow.

But the tripartite sequence has something else vernacular name, given to her since ancient times for the ability to treat skin and allergic diseases – scrofulous grass. And not only for this she is famous, but let's go in order.

Plant features

So, tripartite series (Bidens tripartita) is a herbaceous annual plant of the genus Sequence of the family Astrov. The Latin generic name of the series Bidens consists of two words and in translation means “two teeth” - this is how the peculiarity of its achenes containing two serrated awns is noted, with the help of which it reproduces.

There are many species in this genus, but our people noted the healing properties in one - in the tripartite series. This name is associated with the peculiarity of the leaves of this plant - they are on short shoots, divided into three small lobes with jagged edges, placed oppositely on a long straight reddish trunk up to half a meter or more long. On the stem itself and the shoots extending from it in the upper part there are single tubular flowers, not very bright, yellow-brown in color. They begin to open at the end of the first summer month and bloom until September. After flowering in a flower basket, those same wedge-shaped, strongly flattened achenes with two teeth begin to ripen, with which they cling to everyone who passes or runs past.

We can say that the series is tripartite - a neighbor of sedge and reeds, because you can find it on the damp shores of lakes, rivers, ponds, on the outskirts of swamps, in ditches. All this suggests that the plant loves high humidity.

It is distributed throughout the European part of Russia, in Siberia and the Far East, sometimes it forms real thickets, so there are problems with harvesting the raw materials of this plant in medicinal purposes usually doesn't happen. The main thing is to get away from polluting enterprises and transport. But the need for it medicinal herb large, for example Soviet time a series of tripartite was even grown on state farm fields for pharmacy purposes. 50 tons of dried grass were harvested throughout the country per year. Of course, even now in pharmacies you can buy ready-made raw materials of a three-part series, packaged in bags, but you can prepare it yourself. They store the grass in the summer, in June, when the flower buds have not yet opened. Cut off the upper parts of the plant and shoots up to 15 cm long and leaves. Dry in a ventilated area, for example, under a canopy or in the attic, laying out a layer of 5-7 cm on paper or cloth. The grass must be turned regularly so that the raw material does not become moldy. Dry until the stems become brittle.

Medicinal properties of a series of tripartite

On the available strings medicinal properties our ancestors paid attention a very long time ago. They harvested her grass and used it fresh or dried it for future use. In folk medicine, it used to be most often used to treat scrofula, which is why it got the name scrofulous herb. After folk healers significantly expanded the list of diseases in which it helps, and it is used in skin diseases, arthritis, gout, diathesis, furunculosis, as an antipyretic, diuretic and diaphoretic for colds, scurvy and toothache, blood diseases and other ailments. Used in the form of an infusion of herbs for baby baths.

Such healing properties of the tripartite series are explained by its composition. Studies have shown that the sequence is rich in carotene, manganese, vitamin C and tannins, and half of them are polyphenols with bactericidal properties. It was this property, apparently, that folk healers paid attention to, who sprinkled wounds and ulcers on the body of patients with grass powder of this plant, which contributed to their rapid tightening.

AND scientific medicine drew attention to healing properties tripartite series. Since its herb improves the metabolism in the body, it is now used to treat various diatheses accompanied by a rash, with neurodermatitis and with seborrheic lesions of the scalp. When applied externally, the sequence dries the wound surface and promotes faster healing of the affected skin.

A mixture of herb and lingonberry leaves now prescribed as a collection that improves metabolism in furunculosis and eczema. To do this, prepare an infusion of crushed leaves and herbs: take one tablespoon of each plant, mix them and pour two cups of boiling water, close the container with a lid and leave for one hour. Then the infusion is filtered and taken 3-4 times a day half an hour before meals, a quarter cup.

Used to treat patients with psoriasis alcoholic extract of a series of tripartite, prepared under industrial conditions by the method of percolation (straining 70% alcohol through pre-soaked vegetable raw materials in special containers, during which the extract from the grass turns into alcohol). Based on this extract, an ointment is also prepared for the treatment of this disease.

To obtain such an infusion, 3 tablespoons of chopped herbs (10 g) are placed in an enamel bowl, pour a glass of boiling water (200 ml) and put for 15 minutes on water bath. Then the infusion is cooled for about an hour, filtered, the raw materials are squeezed out and the infusion is added to the original volume - 200 ml - boiled water. It is taken after meals in a third or half a glass 2-3 times a day as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent. This infusion can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than two days and taken warm.

This infusion, in addition to oral administration, can be simultaneously applied externally in the form of compresses, lotions and baths.

If you have not stocked the grass of the series in the summer, you can buy it in pharmacies, now raw materials are packaged in 50 g per bag.

Infusion of succession for baths in children's diathesis

For such baths, a mixture of three components is prepared: take 1 tablespoon of chopped herbs of succession, chamomile and oak bark, mix them and pour 1 liter cold water and insist 12 hours. After infusion, the container is placed on the stove and the liquid is brought to a boil, then filtered and the infusion is poured into 10 liters. warm water(+37…+38°С).

In folk medicine, a decoction of the string is used for skin diseases.

It is prepared from 50-100 g of herb succession, which is added to a bucket of water and boiled in a sealed container for half an hour. Baths are taken with this decoction for skin diseases, skin itching, urticaria, gout, arthritis, neurodermatitis. Such baths are recommended for acne and allergic rash on the skin. The finished broth is poured into the bath and taken for 20 minutes. The course of treatment is one week.

To enhance the effect of such treatment, patients can additionally regularly drink tea from a series.

Tea from a string

It is quite easy to prepare it: take one teaspoon of chopped herb of the tripartite succession, pour 250 ml of boiling water over it and leave for 20 minutes, then strain the tea and take it. The course of tea treatment for ordinary allergies, accompanied by irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes, cough or shortness of breath, is three months, then a two-month break must be taken.

Tea with a string - Averin tea treats scrofula

In folk medicine, a special tea for the treatment of scrofula, which includes a string, has long been known. To prepare it, take four parts of a series of tripartite and violets and one part of bittersweet nightshade and mix everything gently. Then 1 tablespoon of this mixture is poured with boiling water for 20 minutes. Take this tea chilled one to two tablespoons 5-6 times a day half an hour before meals. The course of treatment lasts ten days, then a three-day break is made, and the course of treatment is repeated.

Also, for the treatment of scrofula, a decoction of a string is used in the form of washing baths and rubdowns.

A decoction of a series of edema of the legs

To prepare it, two tablespoons of chopped herbs of the tripartite series must be poured into two glasses hot water and put everything on the stove. Bring to a boil and keep on fire for 20 minutes. Then remove from heat, cool and strain. Pour the resulting broth into a basin with warm water and keep your feet in it for about half an hour.

Contraindications

Like many other medicinal plants, the tripartite series is not recommended for pregnant women, especially in the second half of pregnancy. Her decoctions are not allowed inside and children under three years of age.

For adults special contraindications there is no sequence to the use, but drugs with it should not be abused, because with a severe overdose it can disrupt work nervous system- cause increased arousal.

It is advisable, as with the use of other medicinal plants, to first consult with your doctor.

E. Valentinov

belongs to the family of Compositae plants, annual. A series can grow up to only one meter in height. The root of this plant is taproot, thin, densely branched. The stem of the plant is red, single. It has opposite leaves on short petioles.

Photo 1

Photo 2

Photo 3

The succession is characterized by tubular flowers of a dirty yellow color. Flowers are collected in inflorescences-baskets of several pieces each. Inflorescences are located at the very top of the stem.

The fruits of the series are presented in the form of flattened achenes with serrated awns. Awns are hairs that have the property of clinging to the fur of animals. In this way the sequence spreads. The flowering period of the succession falls from mid-summer to September. In September-October, the fruits of the sequence ripen.

Places of distribution of the series are the entire territory of Ukraine and Russia, in Siberia, the Caucasus, the Far East. Preferred habitats for the series are the banks of lakes, streams and rivers, swamps and fields.

Cultivation and reproduction of a series

This plant loves humid and temperate climates. If succession seeds are sown in the field, they will germinate very slowly. The succession will grow better on loamy or light sandy loamy soil.

If the seeds are sown in the spring, then they must be stratified for three weeks before sowing. One day before sowing seeds, the soil must be fertilized with organic and potash additives. During the growing season, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed the soil.

Shoots of the sequence will appear two to three weeks after sowing the seeds. The soil must be constantly monitored, as the weeds will drown out the sequence and allow it to develop.

Beneficial features

The succession has diuretic and diaphoretic properties, helps to normalize the functioning of the metabolic system, improves digestive processes in the body, has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties. And also the composition of the series includes substances that improve hematopoiesis and blood clotting.

Application

In folk medicine, the leaves and grass of the series are used, from which various decoctions and infusions for internal and external use.

Medicines made on the basis of a series are recommended to be taken for bleeding and skin diseases, to reduce blood pressure, as well as for the treatment of splenic, hepatic diseases, bronchitis, diabetes. Also, the series is used to treat rheumatism, osteochondrosis, malignant tumors.

Outwardly, the series is used to treat furunculosis, ulcers, wounds, diathesis. A decoction of the string is used for arthritis, rickets, gout. Fresh leaves of the string can be applied to wounds. Also, with the help of baths from a series, fright in children is treated. A string is used as an antidote for the treatment of snake and insect bites.
A tincture made from a string is used to improve appetite, normalize the metabolic process. And the infusion of the series is recommended to drink for the treatment of scrofula, psoriasis, scabies.

Methods for the preparation of medicinal products

To prepare an infusion from a string, you need to do the following: take three tsp. dry herbs of a string, pour them with one liter of boiling water and leave to infuse for twelve hours. After that, the resulting infusion must be filtered. Take before meals 70 ml three times a day. The infusion can be drunk with the addition of a small amount of honey.

To improve appetite, you can prepare a tincture from a string. To do this, take 20 grams of chopped string and pour it with vodka (100 ml). Leave to infuse for two weeks, shaking from time to time. Strained tincture should be taken before meals, several tablespoons.

Contraindications

It is forbidden to take a series for a long time to children, as this can harm the child. Apply sequence to medicinal purposes preferably only after consultation with a doctor and under his supervision. When self-treatment the series should be taken in very small doses.

With furunculosis, you can use an infusion of string and lingonberry leaves. To prepare this infusion, you need to take one tablespoon of these herbs, pour 200 ml of boiling water over them and leave for one hour, then strain. Drink for 14 days, 50 ml two to four times a day.

From ancient times traditional healers local plants were used. A series of grass was used to treat skin diseases and saved people from the effects of insect bites. In Russia, it has been widely used since the 19th century, and is specially grown on an industrial scale in the Altai, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories.

Where does the plant grow: the collection of raw materials and harvesting

For medicinal purposes, only a three-part series is considered. An annual plant up to 60 cm high is popularly called scrofulous grass or swamp arrow. The series belongs to the Astrov family. Distribution areas cover the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Far East, Siberia.

Plant description:

• The root is thin, taproot and branched;
• The erect stem is divided into several shoots;
• The leaves sit on small petioles and are divided into 3 slices, for which the grass was called "tripartite";
• The flowers are located at the ends of the stem in single baskets with a yellow color;
• Flowering period from July to September;
• The fruits are formed in October in the form of a trihedral achene, which looks like a bag with hooks, tenaciously attached to clothing and animal hair;
• Swamp Arrow yields up to 10,000 seeds.

The harvesting of raw materials is carried out during the formation of buds. healing properties possesses the stem and leaves of the plant.

The tops are cut to 15 cm. Drying is carried out in a well-ventilated area without direct access. sun rays or in special dryers. Store a series in a dry place for no more than 3 years.

Therapeutic sequence: the beneficial properties of the plant

The beneficial properties of the herb are due to its chemical composition. It promotes recovery skin after cuts, abrasions, insect bites, allergic rashes.

Medicinal properties of the series:

• Improves digestion and appetite;
• Used as a diuretic and choleretic agent;
• Helps with feverish conditions, providing an antipyretic effect;
• Boosts the immune system;
• Allows you to normalize the liver;
• Promotes the excretion of sputum during a productive cough;
• Calms the central nervous system;
• It is used as a hemostatic agent;
• Improves the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels;
• Destroys pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

The sequence contains vitamins, tannins, essential oils, a group of macro and micro elements.

The chemical composition of the series:

1. Retinol, also known as vitamin A. It is necessary for the formation of tissues and metabolic processes, reduces aging, improves vision and the epidermis.
2. Vitamin C is an effective antioxidant that prevents the effects of free radicals, normalizes the elasticity of vascular walls and blood microcirculation.
3. A group of B vitamins that affect everything metabolic processes in the body and supporting the nervous system.
4. Flavonoids are substances that enhance enzyme metabolism.
5. Mucous components that allow you to carefully envelop the digestive organs, contributing to the normalization of their functionality.
6. Essential oils fight bacteria and have anti-inflammatory properties.
7. Trace elements necessary for the stable functioning of the body.

The succession has found wide application in folk medicine. It is used as infusions and decoctions for oral administration, compresses, ointments, masks, bathing.

Methods for preparing raw materials: infusion of a string

There are many various recipes for the preparation of medicinal potions. The modern medical industry produces ready-made raw materials for use. This alcohol tincture, herbal teas and dry collection. Manufacturers indicate the reception method medicinal product. Harvest grass and make it healing agent you can on your own.

Alcohol tincture is used both inside and for the treatment of alopecia. The finished liquid is diluted with 100 ml. water and rubbed into the scalp. For medicinal purposes, before eating, you can drink 10 drops of healing infusion.

Cooking method:

• Raw materials are poured into glass containers: 50 grams of a plant per half liter of vodka or alcohol;
• capacity insist in dark place protected from the penetration of sunlight;
• The finished liquid is passed through gauze to filter.

Alcohol infusion is ready for use. They can treat arthritis, severe allergic reactions, use as a hemostatic agent.

Purulent wounds are covered with finely ground powder after sterile procedures.

Plant in cosmetology: treatment in succession

Among women, the grass is especially popular, perfectly cleansing the skin, relieving inflammation, giving it a healthy look. Made from raw materials cosmetic masks, creams, ointments, used as a tonic in the form of ice cubes.

A bath with a decoction of a string perfectly copes with prickly heat and diaper rash in babies, gently soothing the skin. To do this, a tablespoon of dry extract is poured into 500 ml of boiling water, wrapped and infused for a day. The liquid is filtered and used for bathing.

At small skin problems, small cracks, dermatitis, urticaria, it is necessary to make lotions from a decoction of grass. For this 40 gr. raw materials are poured with 400 ml of boiling water and infused in a thermos for about an hour. Compresses are made throughout the day, applying moistened gauze to the affected area.

For all positive qualities application medicinal decoctions has contraindications:

• Pregnancy and lactation;
• Ingestion is prohibited for children under 3 years of age;
• individual reaction.

Medicines in overdose can cause insomnia, anxiety state, decrease blood pressure and impaired defecation.

What is the distribution method

The fruits of the swamp arrow are equipped with hooks. Clinging to the fur of animals, they spread over the area. Special edible growths on the seed attract ants, which take them away.

Any gardener can plant scrofulous grass in his area. The plant loves a temperate climate and moist soil. Propagated by a series of seeds and cuttings.

Planting grass begins with seed preparation. For industrial purposes, they are stratified. For personal use, it is enough to prepare seedlings. To do this, the seeds are sown in early April.

Rules for growing a series:

• Planting in the fall with seeds, in the spring - seedlings;
• Maintaining moist soil;
• To form branching, young plants are pinched;
• Timely removal of weeds and loosening of the soil;
• The collection of raw materials is carried out 2 times, during the formation of buds;

Sexual reproduction in seed plants, which include flowering and gymnosperms, is carried out using seeds. In this case, it is usually important that the seeds are at a sufficiently remote distance from the parent plant. In this case, it is more likely that young plants will not have to compete for light and water both among themselves and with an adult plant.

Angiosperms (they are flowering) plants in the process of evolution flora solved the problem of seed dispersal most successfully. They "invented" such an organ as the fetus.

Fruits serve as an adaptation to a certain method of dispersal of seeds. In fact, most often the fruits are distributed, and the seeds along with them. Since there are a lot of ways to distribute fruits, there are many varieties of fruits. The main methods of distribution of fruits and seeds are as follows:

with the help of the wind

animals (including birds and humans),

self-spreading,

with the help of water.

The fruits of plants that are dispersed by the wind have special devices, increasing their area, but not increasing their mass. These are various fluffy hairs (for example, poplar and dandelion fruits) or pterygoid outgrowths (like maple fruits). Thanks to such formations, the seeds soar in the air for a long time, and the wind carries them farther and farther from the parent plant.

In the steppe and semi-desert, plants often dry up, and the wind breaks them off at the root. Rolled by the wind, withered plants scatter their seeds over the area. Such "tumbleweed" plants, one might say, do not even need fruits to spread seeds, since the plant itself spreads them with the help of wind.

With the help of water, the seeds of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants are distributed. The fruits of such plants do not sink, but are carried away by the current (for example, in alder growing along the banks). And it doesn't have to be small fruits. In the coconut palm, they are large, but light, so they do not sink.

Adaptations of plant fruits to distribution by animals are more diverse. After all, animals, birds and humans can distribute fruits and seeds in different ways.

The fruits of some angiosperms are adapted to cling to the fur of animals. If, for example, an animal or a person passes next to a burdock, then several prickly fruits will catch on to it. Sooner or later, the animal will drop them, but the burdock seeds will already be relatively far from their original place. In addition to burdock, an example of a plant with hook fruits is a string. Its fruits are of the achene type. However, these achenes have small spikes covered with denticles.

Succulent fruits allow plants to distribute their seeds with the help of animals and birds that eat these fruits. But how do they spread them if the fruit and seeds along with it are eaten and digested by the animal? The fact is that it is mainly the juicy part of the pericarp of the fetus that is digested, but the seeds are not. They come out of digestive tract animal. The seeds are far from the parent plant and are surrounded by droppings, which, as you know, are a good fertilizer. Therefore, a juicy fruit can be considered one of the most successful achievements in the evolution of wildlife.

Man played a significant role in seed dispersal. So the fruits and seeds of many plants were accidentally or deliberately brought to other continents, where they could take root. As a result, now we can, for example, observe how plants characteristic of Africa grow in America, and in Africa - plants whose homeland is America.

There is a variant of seed distribution using spreading, or rather self-spreading. Of course, this is not the most effective method, since the seeds are still close to the mother plant. However, this method is often observed in nature. Usually seed scattering is characteristic of fruits of the pod, bean and box type. When a bean or pod dries up, its wings are twisted in different directions, and the fruit cracks. Seeds fly out of it with little force. This is how peas, acacia and other legumes spread their seeds.

The fruit of the box (for example, in a poppy) sways in the wind, and seeds spill out of it.

However, self-spreading is not limited to dry seeds. For example, in a plant called mad cucumber, seeds fly out of their juicy fruit. It accumulates mucus, which, under pressure, is ejected along with the seeds.