The pig has brown spots on its ears. The most common diseases in pigs - symptoms and treatment

Causes of scabies infection

The source of infection is animals infected with ticks. In adult animals, chronic asymptomatic diseases, accordingly, the greatest threat is posed by breeding stock: breeding boars and sows. The most active carriers are boars, as they come into contact with all queens.

One of the typical routes of infection is sexual

Possible mechanical carriers of itching are cats and mice

When placing animals in an undisinfected pen, infection is almost 100% guaranteed. Susceptibility to the disease increases with improper feeding, in particular, with excess calcium content, hypovitaminosis A. The likelihood of infection increases against the background of stress caused by a change in living conditions or transportation of animals. Unsanitary conditions, dampness, overcrowding of animals, and lack of exercise provoke the disease to become chronic.

Mostly young animals under the age of one year are affected, the peak incidence occurs at the age of 2-5 months. Very young piglets, up to 1.5 months old, often get sick.

Interesting! Scabies mites are detected in 50% (according to some data - in 90%) of pig farms in the country.

Economic damage

In case of mass invasion and untimely treatment Scabies can cause significant damage to the farm. The main damage items look like this:

The incubation period of the disease depends on the intensity of the invasion, the condition of the animals and some other factors. Lasts 10-15 days.

The inflammatory process is accompanied by the formation of nodular thickenings and swelling of the subepidermal layer of the skin. As the disease progresses, the epidermis begins to degenerative changes, which affect hair follicles, the stubble begins to fall out. Microtraumas bother animals and serve as entry points for secondary infections; pus accumulates in the elements of the rash.

The contents of small ulcers pour out when scratched, and crusts form on the damaged areas. As the lesion progresses, hair begins to fall out, the skin becomes coarser, thickens with the formation of folds, and loses elasticity. In advanced cases, painful bleeding cracks form in the affected areas. In case of generalized damage to local symptoms General intoxication of the body quickly follows, which can lead to the death of animals.

Symptoms of scabies

The lesions greatly disturb the animals; pigs are constantly itching, scratching their skin until it bleeds; They gnaw at the crusts, trying to get rid of the itching. If left untreated, the lesions merge and the contaminated crusts change color to black-brown. Due to growth connective tissue the skin of a sick individual thickens, rough folds form on it, between which abscesses and ulcerations often form. With severe damage to the ears, neurological disorders are possible; sick pigs often become aggressive.

Generalized invasion can cause death of animals. Death occurs from intoxication and exhaustion. Sarcoptic mange is especially severe in piglets; the young are developmentally delayed, gain weight poorly, and develop anemia. Such piglets are called starving piglets; many individuals die.

In weaned piglets, sarcoptic mange sometimes occurs with necrotic complications. On inner surface dark crusts appear in the ears, reminiscent of manifestations ringworm, pathological changes spread to the edges of the ear. A dirty brown coating forms on the skin, pus accumulates underneath it, and foci of necrosis are visible. Piglets are sick for about 3 months. Over time, necrotic tissue areas fall off with the formation of scars. Animals recover in most cases. In severely weakened starving animals, foci of necrosis form on the head, sometimes on the chest. The reasons for this phenomenon are not reliably known.

Total sarcoptic mange in adult pigs is relatively rare; weakened animals usually suffer. The disease can proceed almost unnoticed. The lesions are localized mainly along the lower part of the abdomen, the redness of the skin is slightly expressed, peeling of the upper layer is noticeable only upon careful examination.

Pathological anatomy

The corpses of dead animals are emaciated. The lesions are numerous, in especially advanced cases they are merged into continuous large areas, covered with dense crusts. Traces of hemorrhages are visible, and in places there are rough skin folds.

An increase in superficial lymph nodes is detected. The waste products of ticks and the decay of affected tissues cause myocarditis, lead to damage to the kidneys, spleen, liver, and pulmonary edema is detected in dead animals.

Diagnostics

If scabies is suspected, it is carried out differential diagnosis with lice, demodicosis, ringworm and other diseases that cause dermatitis.

Treatment and prevention

Used against scabies following types drugs:

• spray aerosols;
• irrigation solutions;
• injection solutions;
• feed additives.

Before using external preparations, pig skin must be cleaned of contaminants, softened and crusts removed. To do this, use warm soap solution with creosote.

The leaders among injectable anti-scabies are Doramectin and Ivermectin. The recommended dose is 0.3 mg/kg or 1 ml per 33 kg of live weight. It is administered subcutaneously at intervals of 14 days, and no other injections are given to animals during the treatment period.

1. All animals of the main herd receive the drug.
2. Sows – a week before farrowing.
3. Boars - dacha antihelminthics at least twice a year.
4. Replacement pigs - given anthelmintic drugs 7-14 days before mating, again - 7-14 days before farrowing.
5. Gilts - before transfer to fattening.

Repeated use of Ivermectin 14 days after the first is carried out to prevent re-infection.

Ivermectin is also produced in the form of the feed additive Ivomec premix for piglets and young animals. The premix is ​​given to all animals in the pen twice, with an interval of 7 days at a rate of 0.1 mg/kg. It is not necessary to give Ivomec premix to the offspring of sows treated shortly before farrowing. The premix is ​​used only when signs of invasion appear.

It should be noted that feed additives are not the most reliable method. It is quite difficult to distribute the drug evenly throughout the feed; it is almost impossible to control whether the animals receive the required dose.

External preparations are used for watering or spraying sick animals; piglets and small gilts can be bathed in the bathtub. Externally used:

• sebacil;
• chlorophos;
• diperocide;
• trichloromethophos-3;
• creolin;
• phosmet;
• unoiled;
• amitraz;
• ectosinol

Pigs are watered or sprayed directly in the pen, after removing any remaining feed, bedding, drinkers and feeders, otherwise there is a risk of accidental poisoning. If poisoning cannot be avoided, the affected animals are given injections of atropine at the rate of 1 ml/100 kg. Treatment with acaricides is repeated after 7-10 days.

Traditional methods of treating sarcoptic mange

Since drugs from official veterinary medicine may not always be available, livestock breeders also use traditional methods treatment of sarcoptic mange. Among the frequently used:

Quarantine measures

When cases of sarcoptic mange are detected on a farm, a quarantine regime is introduced and the farm is declared unsafe. During the quarantine period, it is necessary to treat sick livestock and take measures to prevent disease in healthy animals. Disinfection, deratization and decontamination of all equipment, premises, and walking areas are carried out. If there are errors in animal feeding and insufficiently strict implementation sanitary requirements to the conditions of detention, they must be eliminated.

The import and export of pigs of any age and purpose during the quarantine period is prohibited. Visiting the farm by outsiders is prohibited; a disinfection barrier is installed before entering the farm. Service staff are instructed on safety rules, provided with special clothing and assigned to a specific department. Anti-acaricidal treatment also applies to cats and dogs living on the farm. Ideally, small animals should not be allowed into the pigsty.

To prevent scabies enzootics, the purchase of animals to replenish the herd is carried out only from prosperous farms. All pigs entering the farm are kept in quarantine for at least 3 weeks, during which time they undergo a comprehensive veterinary examination. For prevention, ears must be treated with a paraffin solution of biocide. This treatment is carried out for the entire herd at least 2 times a year.

Immunity to the disease is not developed, the main emphasis is on primary preventive measures, reducing the risk of invasions and outbreaks of infectious diseases.

Compliance with sanitary and veterinary rules and technology for keeping pigs significantly reduces the incidence of disease and avoids damage.

Animal care can be simplified by introducing new housing methods, in particular by installing more hygienic slatted floors.

Video - Sarcoptic mange in pigs

Healthy pigs are the key to good offspring and the development of these animals, and subsequently obtain high-quality meat from them. However, pig breeders often do not comply with the required rules of hygiene for these animals, raise unsanitary conditions in the pigsty, and as a result, an outbreak of infectious disease occurs in the entire nursery with pigs.

The cause of the spread of infection can be flies and insects that are present in the habitats of pigs; very often pigs get sick due to non-compliance with their vaccination regime against various viruses.

Whatever the cause of the disease in pigs, you should not treat them yourself; all treatment issues must be resolved together with a veterinarian. At the same time, the sooner you take care of your health, the less often they will get sick. It is best to immediately vaccinate pigs against all possible diseases than to deal with their expensive treatment later.

Causes of diseases in pigs

Pig disease may be provoked by the most for various reasons. This may be due to individual factors environment, and several adverse effects attacking the pigs’ body simultaneously.

External influences that negatively affect the body of pigs and cause them various diseases, may relate to improper and untimely feeding ( bad food, overfeeding of pigs or irrational and incomplete nutrition, few vitamins in the feed, poor quality feed), violation of the conditions for keeping pigs (sharp temperature fluctuations in the pigsty, constant draft).

They can also occur in case of various injuries to the animal (wounds after cuts, fractures and dislocations of bones) or when they are affected by harmful insects and helminths (worms, ticks, etc.). Viruses can enter the pig's body along with food, through microscopic skin lesions and abrasions on it. To protect their pets from all diseases, the owner must constantly maintain cleanliness in the room, also do necessary vaccinations animals on time.

Types of pig diseases

After finding out the causes of diseases in pigs, we will turn to the question - what do pigs get sick with? Finding out the answer to this is important because there are several diseases and types of them in pigs. Treatment of these animals must be carried out quickly and therefore the type of disease must also be determined promptly. So, they distinguish pig diseases contagious and non-contagious.

Non-communicable diseases of pigs

Non-communicable diseases of pigs include diseases of the digestive system. Against this background, the animal often experiences lethargy and complete absence appetite, signs of diarrhea are present, small piglets may suffer from severe cramps and nausea with vomiting.

Such diseases can most often appear due to malnutrition of animals. Pigs can eat low-quality feed and simply get poisoned by it. A situation may also arise in which the pigs’ feeder has not been cleaned for a long time, and there are stale food remains in it. Animals eating this type of food can also ruin their normal digestion.

Non-communicable diseases pigs can also be expressed in breathing problems of these animals, which arises as a result of diseases respiratory tract. With such diseases, the temperature of pigs increases greatly, a cough appears and rapid breathing, the animal completely refuses food and becomes very lethargic. Most often, the reasons for such a violation are in the area respiratory system Drinking or frozen food may become too cold for animals in the feeders. Drafts can also play a role here.

This type is also represented by metabolic disorders. True, such anomalies can only be noticed in small piglets. The main signs that indicate a metabolic disorder in a piglet are expressed in its behavior - a small piglet constantly gnaws at its feeder or the floor around it, its hind limbs, there is a strong lag in the development and growth of piglets.

The main reason for such anomalies is too tight and dark conditions keeping these animals, dampness in the premises for keeping them and a complete lack of opportunities for walking piglets.

Contagious diseases of pigs

Contagious diseases of pigs(or infectious diseases) - the most common viral disease in pigs can be called plague. Its occurrence is provoked by a filter virus. A pig can get sick with plague at any age, so attentiveness to animals and changes in their behavior must be constant.

The main signs of the development of plague in pigs include vomiting or diarrhea, high fever, the skin of pigs becomes completely spotted (reddish spots are visible on it, which do not disappear even with strong mechanical pressure), may be observed nose bleed. Typically, the development of plague lasts about 7 days and if promptly measures taken successfully cured. To prevent the development of this disease, pigs must be vaccinated against plague on time.

Infectious diseases of pigs are also represented by a disease called erysipelas. , who are approximately nine months old from birth. This disease can very rarely be observed in older pigs.

The cause of erysipelas can be poor living conditions and too high temperature animal habitat. This disease is viral, spreads very quickly and can even cause a decline in the pig population. This disease manifests itself in the form of redness and spots, most often in the neck, abdomen, ears and back of the pig.

Measures to prevent the spread of erysipelas must be taken immediately after detection of at least one sick animal. However, it would be best to prevent erysipelas from occurring in your area at all. For this purpose, pigs are vaccinated in at a young age. If erysipelas does appear in your pigsty, then you need to isolate sick animals and give them intramuscularly a special serum against erysipelas. After two weeks, such a pig must be vaccinated.

Foot and mouth disease is another manifestation of the disease in pigs. Its causative agent is also called a filterable virus, which causes loss of appetite in pigs, constant weakness, diarrhea or constipation, high fever. Small bubbles with liquid appear over the entire surface of the pig’s body, as well as on the mucous membranes of the body.

They subsequently burst and turn into small and poorly healing wounds. If this disease affects small piglets, it will ultimately lead to their death. If foot and mouth disease is observed in adults, then it is necessary to immediately begin treatment of the animal, isolate the sick individual, and check the remaining pigs for the presence of a similar virus in their bodies and vaccinate them.

Skin diseases of pigs

Also distinguished skin diseases pigs. Diseases that appear on the skin of pigs usually appear when they are kept uncleanly. They can also appear after injuries in which dirt or bacteria enter the affected area. Most often, skin diseases of pigs are represented by ringworm, scabies or dermatitis.

Infection can occur from a person with shingles. The disease initially occurs in a latent form for several weeks. Then red, scaly spots appear on the surface of the pigs' skin, the stubble thins and disappears completely in the affected areas. The first step to saving the remaining pigs from contracting ringworm is to isolate the affected animal from the pig barn.

Pigs must be vaccinated, and the pigsty itself must be thoroughly disinfected. A sick animal also needs a special serum against further development If deprived, consultation with an experienced veterinarian is required; he will be able to determine the extent of the lesion and prescribe medications for external treatment of the affected areas.

Pigs suffer from scabies due to the presence of mites on their body, which get on the pig's skin due to improper care looking after animals while walking in pastures. Ticks that infect pigs can be of several varieties - skin mites, tick mites and skin mites. However, regardless of their variety, they have a huge impact on the health of the pigs in your herd.

The mite leads to the formation of scratches on the skin of pigs, subsequently these scratches turn into wounds and sores, the pig loses its stubble, and the animal’s body is depleted. To cure ticks, the pig needs to be shown to a veterinarian, who will prescribe appropriate medications for external treatment of scratches - these can be ointments and creams to soothe irritated skin and eliminate the tick.

Maintaining hygiene and timely vaccination of pigs will help you avoid many diseases and raise good offspring.

Igor Serba, member of the editorial board, correspondent of the online publication "AtmAgro. Agro-Industrial Bulletin"

To prevent the number of pigs on a homestead farm from decreasing, you need to know information about the most common diseases of these animals and take timely preventive and curative measures. Below is information about the most dangerous diseases pigs.

From this article you will learn necessary information about contagious and non-contagious diseases of adults and young animals, and detailed description and photos will help to correctly recognize the pathology and begin treatment on time.

Pig diseases - photos and descriptions

Diseases, especially infectious ones, pose a great danger, as they spread quickly and short time can cause the death of the entire livestock. In addition, some pathologies force the owner to send the animal for slaughter, although the resulting meat is unfit for consumption.

In order to identify pig diseases and their symptoms in a timely manner, it is necessary not only to closely monitor the condition of the animals, but also to take preventive measures in a timely manner.

Firstly, you need to monitor the quality of feed and the technology of its preparation. Rotten, frozen and moldy food is not suitable for feeding. Secondly, it is necessary to conduct regular veterinary examinations of the livestock and preventive vaccinations. And thirdly, it is necessary to strictly observe maintenance hygiene, regularly clean the machines and insulate the premises for the winter.

Below we will discuss the main infectious and non-communicable diseases pigs and their symptoms, so that every animal owner can diagnose the disease in a timely manner and take appropriate measures.

Non-communicable diseases - symptoms and signs

Non-contagious diseases arise if the farm does not comply with the norms and hygiene requirements on maintenance and feeding.

The most common non-communicable diseases of piglets and pigs include(picture 1):

• Constipation appears when poor-quality feed is provided or overeating. That is why it is important to carefully follow the diet and feeding standards. Sometimes constipation can be a symptom of a more serious illness, but in this case it is accompanied by general weakness, lack of appetite and fever.
• Bloating is also a consequence of overeating or consuming low-quality feed. The animal's abdomen noticeably enlarges, the individual becomes restless and refuses to feed. To eliminate bloating, you need to temporarily reduce the amount of feed, give the animal a abdominal massage and wipe cold water. If this does not help, special medications are used.
• Diarrhea considered one of the most common digestive disorders. Most often, liquid feces appear due to non-compliance with feeding standards, but in some cases such a disorder may be a symptom serious pathologies. Therefore, if diarrhea is detected, it is recommended to immediately contact a veterinarian.

In general, non-communicable diseases arise mainly due to non-compliance with feeding and maintenance rules. Therefore, the pen and the premises must be regularly cleaned and disinfected, and the feed must be carefully checked and prepared before dispensing.

Infectious diseases

Infectious diseases are considered the most common, as they are easily and quickly transmitted from one individual to another.

To common infectious diseases pigs include(Figure 2):

• Plague - viral disease, which is transmitted through feed, food and bedding. In sick animals, the temperature rises, apathy increases, digestive disorders appear and convulsions begin. It is impossible to cure the plague, so infected animals are sent to slaughter and the carcasses are burned.
• Pasteurellosis appears under the influence of a special bacterium that actively develops in unsanitary conditions. The mortality rate from pasteurellosis is very high, so all animals are required to be vaccinated.

Among the infectious diseases there is also erysipelas, which also poses a great danger to the livestock.

Diseases of piglets and their symptoms with photos

Piglets, like adults, are susceptible to various diseases. But diseases of piglets pose a great danger, because fragile organism animals cannot fight pathologies normally and the piglet may die.

The most common diseases of piglets and their symptoms with photos are given below:

• Peptic ulcer occurs due to improper feeding, especially when using dry food. Sick animals refuse food, they develop digestive disorders and the temperature rises slightly. For treatment, piglets are put on a diet, laxatives are used, and gastric lavage is performed. After these activities, you need to reconsider the animals’ diet and strictly follow the feeding schedule.
• Bronchitis in piglets occurs when animals are kept in a cold, drafty room. In sick individuals, the temperature rises and mucous discharge from the nose appears. All infected animals are isolated and prescribed antipyretics and expectorants.
• Anemia in piglets appears soon after birth, as the hemoglobin level gradually decreases with growth. To prevent anemia, animals from a week of age begin to be fed with hay, crushed grain and vitamins.

Piglets also develop diseases characteristic of adults (for example, plague or erysipelas). Treatment methods are the same as for adults.

This acute infection, which differs from erysipelas in that red spots appear not on the stomach, but on the soles of the feet. Plague can be distinguished by characteristic spots on the animal’s body (Fig. 3). Plague can affect animals regardless of age and season.

In its acute form, it manifests itself as a strong increase in temperature and chills. A sick animal tries to bury itself in the bedding, refuses to eat, and begins to experience digestive disorders (constipation, diarrhea and vomiting). Purple spots appear on the neck, belly, back and thighs, and piglets often suffer from seizures.

Note: In some cases, the acute form of plague is accompanied by necrosis of the skin on the ears, tail and limbs.

The animal is more than about a week old, but very often the disease is accompanied by fatal. Therefore, at the first signs, you should immediately call a veterinarian, since treatment will bring positive results only at the initial stage.

Animals with severe plague are slaughtered, but the meat can only be eaten after thorough cooking.

An infectious disease that most often affects piglets from 3 to 12 months, and the spread of the disease occurs mainly in the summer.

If erysipelas develops in an acute form, the animals develop a high fever, the individual becomes depressed and trembles, and may begin to bury itself in the litter. The animal refuses food, drinks a lot and suffers from diarrhea. Purple spots appear on the abdomen, which disappear when pressed and appear again when the finger is removed (Figure 4). If help is not provided in a timely manner, death may occur within a few days.

Note: The chronic form is accompanied by necrosis of the damaged areas, and the skin becomes like a shell. Inflammation of the joints and heart valves may also begin.

For treatment, a sick animal must be immediately isolated and drug treatment should only be prescribed by a doctor. IN severe cases the animal is slaughtered, but the meat and lard are used only in a well-cooked form.

Swine dysentery

The disease often affects weaned piglets, but can also occur in adults. First the temperature rises, constant diarrhea with attempts. The feces become black or gray with blood in them (Figure 5).

Note: It is worth noting that animals do not lose their appetite, but quickly weaken and lose weight. The disease in young animals lasts up to five days, and recovery is rare. But adults get sick longer, but recover more often.

It is important that diarrhea in pigs can be caused by various diseases, therefore, for a thorough diagnosis and prescription proper treatment you need to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Since one of the most common diseases of pigs is erysipelas, from the video below you will learn more detailed information about the symptoms and means of preventing this disease.

Fever in pigs is the first sign of disease. As a rule, it is possible to determine an increase in temperature even without measuring it. The animal becomes lethargic, moves little and refuses food.

If you still need to measure the temperature, first feel the ears, snout and legs of the animal. Normally, all these parts of the body should have the same temperature. If this is not the case, it makes sense to call a veterinarian and take measurements using a thermometer.

What is normal temperature

Body temperature in pigs differs by gender and age. So, in females it remains at 38 degrees, in males it is slightly higher, and in piglets it can reach 39.5 degrees. The body temperature norms for pigs and other animals are shown in the table in Figure 6.

But, despite some differences, the difference in temperature in healthy animals will be small. If it is very different from the norm, it makes sense to conduct tests and check for diseases.

A healthy animal has a temperature of 38-40 degrees, a pulse of 60-90 beats per minute, and a number of respiratory movements of 15-20 per minute. The animal has cheerful look, eats well. A sick animal first of all refuses food.

Erysipelas. An infectious disease that is most susceptible to pigs aged 3 to 12 months. The disease occurs mainly in the hot season. Infection occurs through digestive tract(eating contaminated feed) and through contact with a sick animal. A person can also get sick.

Signs of the disease. In the acute form of the disease, the pig’s temperature quickly rises to 41-42 degrees, the state is depressed, the pig trembles, buries itself in the bedding, appetite disappears, severe thirst appears, and diarrhea develops. Purple-red spots appear on the skin of the abdomen, quadrangular and oval shape. When pressed with a finger, the stain disappears, and after removal it appears again. If the animal is not helped in a timely manner, it dies within 2-4 days.
In the chronic form of erysipelas, the affected areas of the skin become dead throughout their entire thickness and remain on the body in the form of a shell. The chronic form can also result in inflammation of the joints and damage to the heart valves.

Treatment. A sick pig must be immediately isolated from healthy animals. The Right Course Treatment can only be carried out by a veterinarian.
Forced slaughter of a pig is carried out at very severe course diseases when used medicinal products gave no improvement. The meat of a slaughtered pig can be used for food only if it is well cooked.

Plague. Acute infection: a characteristic difference from erysipelas is the appearance of spots on the soles of the feet. Plague affects pigs of all ages and occurs at any time of the year.
Signs of the disease. Acute form the plague begins high temperature, chills (a sick pig buries itself in the bedding), appetite disappears, vomiting appears, diarrhea alternating with constipation, gait becomes unsteady. Red-violet spots appear on the skin of the abdomen, neck, and ears of the inner thighs. Piglets often have convulsions that last 10-15 minutes and then go away. Sometimes there is necrosis of the skin on the ears, tail, and legs.
The disease lasts 5-7 days and often ends in death.

Treatment. When the first signs of the disease appear, you should immediately inform your veterinarian, since treatment gives positive results only in initial stage diseases.
Severely ill pigs are slaughtered; the meat can be used for food only after thorough cooking. In salted pork meat, the plague pathogen remains viable for 80 days. For disinfection of premises and equipment, it is most reliable to use
A 2% solution of caustic soda, which, after preliminary cleaning of contaminants, is used to generously water the entire room and equipment.

Dysentery. More often weaned piglets get sick, less often adult pigs.
Signs of the disease. The disease begins with an increase in temperature to 41-42 degrees, incessant diarrhea with straining. The stools are gray, less often earthy or black in color, mixed with blood.

Most animals retain their appetite, but they quickly lose weight and become weak. In young animals, the disease lasts 2-5 days, recovery is rare. Adult pigs are sick for about two weeks and in most cases recover.

Diarrhea in pigs can be of various origins, so when it appears, you should immediately contact a veterinary hospital, a specialist will identify the disease and prescribe the correct treatment.

Bronchopneumonia. Most often, piglets 3-6 weeks of age become ill. This disease is a companion to dirty keeping of pigs in a cold, damp room and poor, inadequate feeding. It's contagious.

Signs of the disease. Lethargy, loss of appetite, temperature 40-41 degrees, coughing, sneezing, then worsening cough with copious discharge sputum. The disease lasts 2-3 weeks.
If the disease appears, immediately isolate the sick animal, since calves and lambs are susceptible to this disease. Seek help from a veterinarian.

Foot and mouth disease. An acute infectious disease to which sheep, goats, large cattle. People rarely get sick.

Signs of the disease. The temperature rises to 40-41 degrees, poor appetite, lethargy, the appearance of redness and swelling on the crown of the hooves, in the interhoof crevices with the formation of blisters filled with liquid.

Treatment. First of all, you need to ensure the room is dry and clean and consult a veterinarian.

Infectious atrophic rhinitis - chronic illness pigs, accompanied by deformation of the facial part of the skull. Infection occurs through the respiratory system from sick pigs; chronically ill animals are especially dangerous.

Signs of the disease. First sign - frequent sneezing, after a while - copious discharge from the nose mixed with pus. Appetite decreases. Facial bones soften upper jaw moves to the side.

Control measures and prevention. A sick animal is urgently fattened or slaughtered. The room and surrounding area are disinfected with a 20% slurry of freshly slaked lime.

Paratyphoid of piglets. Piglets are susceptible mainly under the age of 4-5 months.
Signs of the disease. Increase in temperature to 41-42 degrees, loss of appetite, constipation or prolonged diarrhea, bringing the animal to exhaustion.

Treatment. If signs of disease appear, contact your veterinarian. The piglet is given acidophilic yogurt - one glass per day. Further treatment as directed by a doctor.
To prevent the disease it is necessary to create good conditions content, complete feeding a variety of good quality foods.

Anemia(anemia) is a non-contagious disease. Occurs in piglets 5-30 days of age. The main cause of the disease is a lack of iron in the body, as a result of which the formation of hemoglobin in the blood is disrupted. Oxygen starvation sets in.

Signs of the disease. The piglet is lethargic, pale, inactive, the bristles are disheveled, the appetite is perverted (eating manure, etc.), as a result of which gastrointestinal upset appears. If proper measures are not taken, the piglet dies or turns into a runt after 10-12 days.
Assistance and prevention. The diets of pregnant and lactating sows include a variety of highly nutritious feeds (in addition to concentrates, dry legume leaves, carrots, mineral feeds, and green feeds in summer). Piglets are given mineral supplements early and allowed to go for walks regularly. As soon as the piglets start drinking water, add a solution of iron and copper sulfate (per 1 liter) hot water 2.5 g of iron and 1 g of copper sulfate). After the crystals have dissolved, strain the solution through a cotton filter. Moisten the uterine nipples with the same solution. Further treatment is carried out as directed by a specialist.

Potato poisoning. Happens when feeding green or sprouted potatoes or green tops.

Signs. The animal is restless, its gait becomes unsteady, drooling, vomiting, and long-lasting diarrhea. A rash appears on the skin around the mouth. In severe cases, convulsions. The temperature does not rise.

Help with poisoning. Immediately stop feeding potatoes and wash the stomach. They give milk, laxatives, mucous decoctions. Laxatives: Glauber's salt 25-50 g per dose, dissolved in 1 liter of water; castor or vegetable oil 20-100 g per dose. Subsequently, mucous decoctions are constantly given and a diet is prescribed (until recovery).

Beet poisoning. When feeding rotten beets, as well as boiled and slowly cooled in a warm room. This most often happens if beets steamed in the evening are left in a warm room until the morning and fed to the piglet in the morning. Red beets are the most dangerous for pigs. There is no poisoning when feeding raw beets.

Signs. In a pig, the disease manifests itself within the first hour after feeding: it lies down, tries to get up, but falls, buries itself in the bedding, drooling appears, and sometimes vomits; the snout and tips of the ears turn blue, the skin is pale and cold. Body temperature drops to 37-37.5°, the animal may die 1-2 hours after feeding beets.

Help with poisoning. Call immediately veterinarian, who will administer the necessary medicine intravenously (solution methylene blue). Without such an injection, treatment is usually ineffective. Therefore, if it is impossible to give an injection in a timely manner, the animal is slaughtered.
Disease prevention. Do not feed rotten beets; cooking should not last more than three hours. The water is drained from the beets, cooled quickly and fed to the pig.

Poisoning from moldy feed- Pigs are especially susceptible.
Signs. The most characteristic signs are loss of appetite, drooling, bloating, first constipation, and then diarrhea. The stool is covered with mucus, sometimes mixed with blood. Unsteady gait, depressed state (sometimes, on the contrary, increased agitation), body temperature is normal or slightly elevated.

Help. Immediate elimination of moldy food. At mild flow signs of poisoning soon disappear. In severe cases, it is advisable to slaughter the pig.

Table salt poisoning. It is observed in pigs at the cottage very large quantity salt ( lethal dose table salt on average 3.7 g per 1 kg of live weight) and feeding salted fish and other pickles.

Signs. Initially, anxiety, vomiting, foamy discharge from the mouth, muscle twitching, and rapid breathing are observed. In severe cases, convulsions appear, and the animal’s condition is very serious.

Treatment. Laxative oils are given internally, followed by mucous decoctions with plenty of water. To maintain body tone, it is useful to inject a caffeine solution under the skin.

Red spots in pigs appear due to various problems with health. If a farmer notices them in an animal, then consultation with a veterinarian is necessary. Over time, you can learn to recognize the disease on your own, but you must contact a specialist, since many problems tend to provoke complications.

Causes of the disease

Health problems don't just appear. They definitely have reasons, which are most often associated with poor nutrition, vitamin deficiency, poor animal husbandry.

Dermatitis

It appears in animals from four to ten months. It is formed due to:

• poor quality or poor nutrition of the animal;
• lack of vitamins B and A;
• excess calcium.

The problem is characterized by the appearance of spots (small or large - up to five centimeters). The animal's body temperature rises, it becomes lethargic, and diarrhea often occurs. If the disease becomes more complicated purulent infection, then the sweating of cloudy exudate and the appearance of ulcers occur. In the chronic form, skin folds with accumulations of pus and dirt can be observed. Mostly spots appear on the stomach, ears, inside hips Sometimes the disease manifests itself due to exposure to external irritants (abrasions, abrasions), chemicals (alkali, lime, acid, urine, manure, drugs), thermal burns, radiation, invasive or infectious agents

Trichophytosis

This fungal infection affects the skin, the animal loses weight. It is considered contagious to humans. It is provoked by several species of fungi of the genus Trichophyton. The spread of the problem can occur through food, water, bedding, care items, and contaminated pastures. In case of illness:

• hair falls out on the affected areas;
• productivity decreases;
• the animal becomes inactive;
• Scratching occurs on problem areas;
• Lumps form and become scaly spots.

Scabies

The disease is considered contagious; it is transmitted not only to animals, but also to humans. Occurs due to exposure to scabies mites. Itching appears, redness forms on the scratched areas, which resemble an abrasion after a bite. The animal's hair falls out and its body becomes covered with scabs. The piglet stops playing, becomes passive, and may show aggression or be capricious. The disease is transmitted by contact, through grass, human hands, and care items. To prevent the problem, it is necessary to isolate sick animals and follow all hygiene rules.

Furunculosis

The disease occurs due to the appearance of staphylococcal bacillus. Purulent painful growths in an animal occur due to:

• poor hygiene;
• skin damage;
• vitamin deficiency.

Vesicular disease

This is an acute virus that is accompanied by the appearance of blisters on the body and fever. When the disease occurs, serious measures are taken, since it can often hide more serious problem- foot and mouth disease. The causative agent is an enterovirus, which cannot be eliminated by conventional disinfectants. Animals become infected regardless of age. The problem is spreading very quickly. It is provoked by the use of:

• waste;
• feed;
• not neutralized pig products.

Enterovirus enters the body through wounds of the extremities. When sick, body temperature can reach 42 degrees. Spicy and chronic form accompanied by diarrhea and damage to the central nervous system, subsequently the death of the animal.

Ringworm

Erysipelas

The problem is caused by the bacterium Erysipelotrix isidiosa. With it, spots appear on the animal’s back and body, and it refuses to eat. The disease may occur with constipation and vomiting. It most often affects pigs between three and twelve months of age. Piglets fed on their mother's milk are resistant to the problem. It is delivered through:

• meat;
• by-products obtained from pigs;
• soil;
• water;
• infected inventory.

Most often, pigs suffer from the problem in the summer, spring and autumn. A rapid course involves the absence of erythema, signs of encephalitis, and weakness. Body temperature can reach 42 degrees. A pig develops conjunctivitis. The problem must be recognized as early as possible, since the outcome is most often fatal.

Treatment

All of the above diseases must be eliminated without waiting for disastrous results. Any therapy involves normalizing the animal’s nutrition:

• improving food quality;
• adding vitamins and macroelements.

When stains occur as a result of injuries, it is necessary to apply lotions with a solution of furatsilin. For this purpose, you can use prednisolone or tetracycline ointment. When the sores fester, the wounds are washed and bandages with streptocide and norsulfazole are applied to them. Sometimes a specialist prescribes special ointments or emulsions for fast healing redness.

Redness in pigs is quite common. A specialist will help recognize the disease and draw up an adequate therapeutic regimen. The farmer must create the proper conditions for the pet, provide care and attention until complete recovery.