Elderberry herbaceous: medicinal properties, growing rules, application. Elderberry - composition, properties, best folk recipes

In chapter Elderberry herbaceous medicinal properties a description, raw materials, preparation, chemical composition, medicinal properties of herbaceous elderberry, application in folk medicine, contraindications, as well as recipes for the use of elderberry in folk medicine for various diseases.

Elderberry (Sambucus ebulus L.)

Other names: stinking elderberry, wild elderberry, low-growing elderberry, greenberry.

Elderberry, description

Elderberry herbaceous - perennial herbaceous plant, shrub 60-150cm high. Elderberry is similar to black elderberry, but differs from it in that it has a peculiar bad smell and red anthers (black elderberry has yellow anthers).

Elderberry has a straight, branched stem with a white core. The leaves are not paired-pinnate, with 5-9 pointed leaflets. The flowers are small, collected in inflorescences. The petals of the flowers are pale pink on the outside with red anthers, and white on the inside. The fruits are black drupes. The herbaceous elderberry blooms in June-July. The berries are black and ripen in August-September.

Elderberry grows near roads, on pastures, in ravines, forest edges, and often forms thickets on clay soil.

The herbaceous elderberry is widespread in the western regions of Russia and Ukraine. in Belarus, Crimea, the Caucasus, Turkmenistan.

Elderberry herbaceous, raw materials

WITH therapeutic purpose The roots of the herbaceous elderberry are used. All parts of the plant are poisonous, so a strict dosage of elderberry preparations is necessary.

Procurement of raw materials

The roots are dug up early in spring or late autumn, washed cold water, crushed, dried for several days in the sun, then dried in well-ventilated warm rooms.

Chemical composition of elderberry

The chemical composition of elderberry has not been sufficiently studied. The roots contain saponins, bitterness, tannins. Leaves, flowers and fruits contain the poisonous alkaloid amygdalin.

Elderberry herbaceous medicinal properties:

Elderberry roots have a strong diuretic effect when used internally.

Elderberry herbaceous application:

Elderberry is used only in folk medicine for inflammatory processes in the kidneys (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis), diseases Bladder, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, gout, sciatica, especially with ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity), effusions into the heart sac. For the above diseases, elderberry is often used in preparations.

Main uses:

1.Decoction of elderberry roots: Pour 2 teaspoons of crushed roots into 1 glass of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes, leave for an hour, strain. Drink 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.

2.Tincture of elderberry roots: Pour 20g of crushed root into 100g of alcohol or vodka, leave for 8 days in a warm place, strain. Drink alcohol tincture 15 drops 3 times a day. vodka - 30 drops 3 times a day.

Elderberry herbaceous contraindications

The plant is poisonous. When using, the exact dosage must be observed. Elderberry is contraindicated during pregnancy, ulcerative colitis, and children under 12 years of age.

Below are recipes for using elderberry in folk medicine.

Elderberry herbaceous
Sambucus ebulus

Not all medicinal plants are equally popular. Many of them include those that were widely used by our ancestors in ancient times, and were subsequently forgotten or replaced by some newfangled chemicals. One of them is an interesting medicinal (and not only medicinal) plant in every sense - the herbaceous elder Sambucus ebulus L. Not to be confused with black elderberry and red elderberry! The herbaceous elderberry is a typical anthropogenic plant; its favorite habitats are near people: in vacant lots, in weedy places, along roads, in gardens, parks and orchards. It is found on the edges, in ravines, along the banks of rivers and streams. Prefers rocky soil. In Western Europe, on the ruins of medieval castles, you can find thickets herbaceous elderberry, living there for many centuries. The owners of the castles once planted it on purpose, since it was believed that the herbaceous elderberry protected horses from diseases. In our country, the herbaceous elderberry is found mainly in the southern regions: in the south and southwest of Russia, in the North Caucasus, in Transcaucasia, in Ukraine, mainly in Crimea, in the south, west and central regions.

The herbaceous elderberry is in many ways similar to the black elderberry, but, unlike it, it is not a tree, but a bushy perennial herb, up to 120–150 cm in height. Elderberry blooms in July–August. The pinkish flowers are usually grouped in groups of three together, creating a flat peduncle called a panicle. Leaves are opposite, compound, odd-pinnate, petiolate. The leaf blades are elongated, lanceolate or elongated oval, with a jagged edge, pointed. The stem is thick, erect, usually single, green in color. Fruits: black, shiny spherical berries. The root is creeping, thick, powerful, long, white. The entire plant has a specific unpleasant odor.

Elderberry has been known to people since ancient times. IN Central Europe the seeds and fruits of this plant were discovered in the “cultural layers” of the early Neolithic era. Apparently, people of that time used the fruits of the herbaceous elderberry to dye fabrics and skins blue. Medical use Elder grass was noted in ancient times. Dioscorides and Pliny recommended its fruits for dropsy, as a diuretic and diaphoretic. In the era of the formation of modern European medicine, elderberry fruits - “Baccae Ebuli” - were also an official (pharmacy) medicine for dropsy of various origins and a kidney cleanser, and in the Middle Ages, elderberry grass, elderberry seeds and elderberry root were also attributed for the same purposes. They tried to use the unpleasant smell of this plant to solve the problem of lice and bedbugs, which was very pressing at that time.
Glycosides are found in the leaves and fruits of this plant. In addition, the fruits contain significant quantities tannins, anthocyanins, organic acids, sugars, pectins, mucilages, dyes. Saponins were found in the root membranes, and oily substances were found in the seeds. All parts of the plant contain bitterness. Nowadays, although elderberry is not an official plant, it is used in folk medicine in many countries. Root decoctions are prescribed for inflammation urinary tract, as an antitussive, for dropsy of various origins, and, in general, as a diuretic. In the same cases, an alcohol extract from the roots of elderberry is also used. Alcohol extract is also used to combat dandruff and as a means to promote hair growth. It should be remembered, however, that elderberry is a poisonous plant and its preparations must be used with caution.

History has not preserved information about whether elderberry was actually useful for the horses of medieval knights and barons, but for modern gardeners and, in general, for everyone who has problems with mouse-like rodents, it is undoubtedly , will be useful, - established reliably. Mice and rats, often immune to poisons and indifferent to baits, really do not like the smell of this plant and avoid those places where freshly cut elderberry grass lies. And in this sense, she has no equal.

Contraindications: the plant is poisonous. When using flowers, berries, leaves, especially fresh ones, poisoning may occur with amygdalin, which turns into hydrocyanic acid. Elderberry fruits are quite pleasant to the taste; you need to be very careful so that they do not fall into the hands of children.

For internal use, prepare a decoction: 2 teaspoons per glass of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain, take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day for kidney diseases, ascites.

To prepare the tincture, take 20 g of crushed dry roots per 100 ml of vodka and leave for 7-8 days. Take 30 drops 3 times a day for urolithiasis, pyelonephritis.

Water infusion The roots are used externally for baths for fungal diseases and dermatitis caused by spider bites in a ratio of 1:10.

Effective folk remedies for healing the body and spirit from the "Northern Fairy Tale"

Poisonous!

Common names: stinking elderberry, wild elderberry.

Parts used: rhizome.

Pharmacy name: elderberry root - Ebuli Radix (formerly: Radix Ebuli).

Description: It is a bushy herbaceous perennial with powerful rhizomes running horizontally in the soil. The stems reach a height of approximately 1-1.5 m. The leaves are odd-pinnate, with 5-9 serrated leaflets about 5 cm long. The flowers are small, about 0.5 cm in diameter, white or pinkish, with purple-red anthers, collected in large umbels .

Blooms from June to August. Grows along hedges, in ditches, in wastelands and clearings.

Active ingredients: bitterness, saponins, iridoids and tannins.

Elderberry rhizome has a diuretic, diaphoretic and laxative effect. Sebastian Kneipp especially recommended elderberry for dropsy. Sometimes it is also used for rheumatism.

In folk medicine, only dropsy is treated with elderberry tea (quite possibly with the help of Kneipp).
Elderberry tea: 1-2 teaspoons of chopped rhizomes pour J/4 l cold water, slowly bring to a boil and strain. Drink no more than 2 cups per day.

Side effects: Elderberry should be safe to use in recommended doses, but you should still be careful about overdosing. It is also worth pointing out that berries that ripen in autumn, due to their cute appearance, are dangerous for children. Their taste cannot be called unpleasant, so children can eat them, and even in considerable quantities, which will lead to poisoning with vomiting and diarrhea!

Black elderberry

Honeysuckle - Caprifoliaceae.

Common name: Swiss tea.

Parts used: flowers, in homeopathy - flowers and leaves, in folk medicine - sometimes fruits.

Pharmacy name: elderberry flowers - Sambuci flos (formerly: Flores Sambuci), elderberry leaves - Sambuci folium (formerly: Folia Sambuci), elderberry bark - Sambuci cortex (formerly: Cortex Sambuci), elderberry fruit - Sambuci fructus (formerly: Fructus Sambuci) .

Description: Branched shrub or small tree from 3 to 7 m in height. Elderberry is characterized by warty, unpleasant-smelling bark, opposite branches with a loose core, odd-pinnate leaves, as well as large corymbose inflorescences with yellowish-white, unpleasant-smelling flowers, from which fruits develop in the fall - from glossy black to black-violet. Blooms from May to July. It is found quite often in gardens, near hedges, in thickets of bushes and along the banks of streams. In rural areas, elderberry bushes often stand near stables, barns or residential buildings. Superstition plays a certain role here, which I will discuss below.

Collection and preparation: Elder flowers are collected by cutting them off in whole inflorescences and dried in bunches or scattered on any surface. Then individual flowers are picked and dried. Drying must be done very carefully so that the enzymes of the flowers do not destroy the active substances. Store raw materials in tightly closed glass jars for three years.

The leaves are collected very young and air dried. The bark is also removed from young branches and dried quickly and in gentle conditions, in the shade or under artificial heating, at a temperature not exceeding 40°C.

The fruits are harvested when fully ripe (black-purple to black). They are dried in the open air and dried in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 60°C. Such raw materials are stored in bags in a ventilated area with periodic drying to avoid molding.

Active ingredients: Critical Components in flowers: essential oil, diaphoretic glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and mucus; In flowers and bark, a glycoside was identified that releases hydrocyanic acid upon breakdown. Ripe fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals.

Healing effect and application: The main use of the flowers is as a diaphoretic tea for feverish colds. Less strongly brewed tea has recently been consumed lukewarm and as prophylactic against colds and flu. This has also been confirmed by the German National Health Service. Elder flowers (like linden flowers) are extremely effective at mobilizing the body's defenses, which is why they are integral part many teas intended against colds.

Elder flower tea is also used for rheumatism, although with little success.
Elderflower tea: pour 2 teaspoons of elderflower flowers into 1/4 liter of boiling water and let steep for 10 minutes. If you want to use it as a diaphoretic tea, you need to drink about 1/2 liter of tea very warm. Against rheumatic ailments, it is drunk as a course of treatment (over three weeks, 3 times a day, 1 cup).

Tea from leaves or bark: 2 teaspoons (without top) of plant material are poured into 1/4 liter of cold water, heated to a boil and quickly filtered. Drink about 1/4 liter of this tea in small sips throughout the day for the accumulation of water in the body, urinary retention, irregular bowel movements and rheumatism.

Use in homeopathy: Homeopathic remedy Sambucus nigra is prepared from fresh flowers and leaves. It is used in D1 dilution as a remedy for runny nose in infants and young children; it is given to susceptible and weakened children for the prevention and activation of the body's defenses, as well as against asthma. For diaphoretic therapy, homeopaths readily prescribe elderberry leaf tea. Dosage of this homeopathic remedy very different. Use both the original tincture and dilutions up to D6 from 5 to 10 drops 3-5 times a day.

Use in folk medicine: Few medicinal plants as beloved in folk medicine as elderberry. But it was also known among the people as the seat of the household gods who guard the house. Therefore, it is no coincidence that it so often grows near peasant houses, near stalls and barns. As we managed to establish, elderberry has been used for treatment since the Stone Age. In this case, the fruits played a very special role, the juice of which was used as a laxative, and the jam obtained from them was used as an effective remedy against coughs and colds. The flowers are used in the form of tea for sweating and in the fight against infectious diseases- here the use in folk medicine is no different from that in scientific medicine. In addition, they are considered the best blood purifier for unclean skin and unpleasant body odor. Elderberry flowers, as well as the bark and leaves, are used for rheumatism and gout. As for the bark, people believe that it only acts as a laxative when it is torn off from top to bottom. Shot in the opposite direction, it seems to serve as an emetic. This can be read from Albertus Magnus himself.

Side effects: When using elderflower flowers in specified dosage there is no reason to fear side effects. You should be careful when using the leaves and bark: irritation of the stomach and intestines has sometimes been observed. Unripe fruits are slightly poisonous. The brewed juice is well worth recommending as medicine, in its raw form it sometimes causes nausea and diarrhea. The same applies to fruits fresh. Like jam, on the contrary, they are very good for health, as they contain vitamins and valuable minerals.

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Other plant names:

stinking elderberry (wild, low-growing, greenberry), elderberry.

Brief description of herbaceous elderberry:

Elderberry herbaceous (elderberry stinking) is a perennial herbaceous plant - a shrub from 50 to 200 cm in height, which has an unpleasant odor and forms dense thickets. Stems are erect, unbranched, cylindrical, grooved, glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

The core of the stems is greenish-white. The leaves are odd-pinnate, short-petiolate, compound, 5–9 in number. They are asymmetrical at the base, sharp-serrate along the edges, and woolly-feathered below. Stipules are lanceolate, toothed, sometimes only linear, especially on the upper leaves. The inflorescences are forked, triply branched, flat, very dense. The pericorolla leaves are white or slightly reddish. The flowers are 6–8 mm in diameter and emit a bitter almond aroma. However, the entire plant as a whole emits an unpleasant odor. The anthers are lilac in color, as are the fruit stalks. The fruits are three-seeded drupes, black, sometimes greenish, with red juice, shiny, elliptical, approximately 4 mm long, bitter in taste.

It blooms from late June to mid-August, the fruits ripen in August - September.

The entire plant (and not just the leaves, like black elderberry) has an unpleasant, specific odor. By appearance The herbaceous elderberry is similar to the black elderberry, but differs from it in its pungent and unpleasant odor and the color of the anthers (they are red or purple, and not yellow, like those of the black elderberry).

Places of growth:

In the black earth zone of our country, in Crimea, in the Caucasus, in Turkmenistan.

Sometimes it forms large thickets along the edges, ravines, river banks, and is found as a weed along roads, in fields and vegetable gardens.

Growing:

Elder grass reproduces vegetatively using a thick creeping rhizome. The herbaceous elderberry lends itself well to plantation cultivation, which is important when solving the issue of creating a raw material base in the area where food coloring production shops operate. The first such plantations were established in forestry enterprises Krasnodar region.

Resources. The main reserves of elderberry are concentrated in Krasnodar and Stavropol Territory.

Elderberry preparation:

WITH medicinal purposes They collect fruits, leaves, flowers and roots of elderberry. Roots are selected from young plants and dug up in early spring or late autumn. Dry in well-ventilated warm rooms or in ovens. In folk medicine, leaves collected during the flowering period of the plant, flowers, and fruits are also used. Elderberry flowers are collected during the flowering period, cutting off the umbrella inflorescences when fully opened. Dry in a well-ventilated area or under a canopy. Elderberries should not be dried in the sun. After drying, the raw materials are threshed to separate the pedicels. The grass is harvested in the first half of summer in dry, clear weather. Dry on the day of collection in the shade or in a well-ventilated area, laying out a layer of 2-3 cm and turning over often. The fruits are harvested when fully ripe. Dry in a dryer at a temperature of 30–35°C.

The roots are stored in bags, and the leaves and flowers separately, in tightly closed boxes lined with paper.

Chemical composition of elderberry:

The chemical composition has not yet been fully studied. Elderberry preparations are heterogeneous in composition. Berries, bark, and leaves contain glycosides amygdalin, sambunigrin, valeric and acetic acids, and terpene. When cleaved, amygdalin produces hydrocyanic acid. 100 g of stinking elderberry leaves contain about 10 mg of acid.

All these active ingredients form the basis of the chemical composition of herbaceous elderberry (smelly elderberry).

Pharmacological properties of elderberry:

Pharmacological properties elderberries are defined by her chemical composition.

The fruits and leaves have laxative and diuretic properties.

Elderberry fruits have diuretic, diaphoretic and laxative properties. The roots are used as a good diuretic.

Use of elderberry in medicine, treatment with elderberry:

The fruits and leaves are used for dropsy.

With inflammation of the kidneys (with nephritis) and mainly with effusions in abdominal cavity and the heart sac, for cystitis, ascites, hydrophobia, urethria, arthritis, exudative pericarditis, preparations from the roots (when used internally) are recommended as a fairly strong diuretic.

The decoction is also useful for various diseases bladder, as well as in diabetes mellitus, often in combination with other medicinal plants that have a similar effect on the body.

Dosage forms, method of application and dosage of elderberry preparations:

Elderberry fruits, leaves, flowers and roots are used to make effective medications and forms used in the treatment of many diseases. Let's look at the main ones.

Brew 1 cup boiling water 2 tsp. dry crushed roots, leave in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes, cool at room temperature for 15 minutes, strain. Take 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day, 30 minutes before meals.

More powerful healing properties has a tincture of elderberry roots.

Decoction of elderberry roots:

Brew 1 liter of boiling water, 30 g of crushed roots (less often leaves and flowers), keep in a water bath for 30 minutes, leave for 15 minutes, strain. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals as a strong diuretic, especially of renal origin.

Decoction of elderberry leaves:

Brew 1 cup boiling water 2 tbsp. l. leaves, keep in a water bath for 30 minutes, leave for 15 minutes, strain. Use as a gargle for laryngitis, in the form of a poultice for rheumatism, gout and old ulcers, as well as for bites of bees, wasps, mosquitoes, and snakes.

Infusion of elderberry fruit:

Brew 20 g of fruit with 1 glass of boiling water, boil in a water bath for 30 minutes, leave for 15 minutes, strain. Take 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day, 20 minutes before meals for anuria, diarrhea, rheumatism, kidney stone disease, ascites, laryngitis.

Infusion of elderberry roots:

Brew 20 g of herb with 1 glass of boiling water, leave, wrapped, for 30 minutes, strain. Use as an external remedy for dermatomycosis, furunculosis, purulent wounds.

Infusion of elderberry leaves or flowers:

Brew 10 g of herbs or flowers with 1 cup of boiling water, leave, wrapped, for 30 minutes, strain. Take 1 tsp orally. 4–5 times a day, before meals for measles and rubella in children.

Infusion of elderberry flowers:

Pour 1 glass warm water 20 g of flowers, leave for 6 hours, strain. Apply 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day, 30 minutes before meals for malaria, kidney and bladder diseases. It has a diaphoretic, laxative, diuretic, expectorant effect.

Elderberry root tincture:

Pour 200 ml of alcohol or vodka into 20 g of crushed dry roots, leave in a warm place for 8 days, shaking the contents periodically, strain. Take 15 drops of alcohol tincture and 30 drops of vodka tincture, 3 times a day, 30 minutes before meals.

Alcohol (or vodka) tincture of elderberry fruit:

Pour 100 ml of alcohol or 1 glass of vodka 1 tbsp. l. fruits, leave for 14 days, strain. Take 10–15 drops orally (vodka) and 5 drops alcohol tincture 3 times a day, 20 minutes before meals for neuralgia trigeminal nerve.

Elder Root Powder:

Pounded fresh roots or dry roots in powder form in an amount of 3 g have a wound-healing effect.

Elder leaf tea:

Tea from the leaves is drunk at intestinal colic, and also how antitumor agent.

Elderberry juice:

Juice from the fruits of elderberry is prescribed 5-10 drops at a time. bronchial asthma.

Elderberry leaf juice:

The juice from the leaves is taken orally, 5–10 drops, as a laxative.

Contraindications for elderberry:

All parts of the herbaceous elderberry are poisonous, so a strict dosage of preparations from it is required. When consuming flowers, berries and leaves, especially fresh ones, amygdalin poisoning may occur, which when certain conditions turns into hydrocyanic acid. However, during the drying process this toxic alkaloid is completely destroyed.

The fruits of the herbaceous elderberry are similar in appearance to the fruits of the black elderberry; when collected, they are often confused, which leads to serious violations digestion. In the same way, a mistake when collecting flowers for homemade drinks and decoctions can become cause of lung poisoning When poisoning with elderberry preparations, dizziness and headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath and other disturbances in the depth and frequency of breathing, tachycardia, convulsions.

Treatment is carried out in the same way as for poisoning with pits of apricots, peaches, cherries, etc.

Use of elderberry on the farm:

IN national economy They use woody branches to weave baskets and make wind instruments. Fresh berries are inedible and are a raw material for the production of red food coloring used in various industries. Food Industry. The juice of the berries is used to color wines. The berries are also a good dye for cotton and wool fabrics. The leaves have a specific smell, so they are used to repel flies, bedbugs and small rodents.