Is it possible to enlarge the corpus cavernosum? Enlarged corpus spongiosum and cavernous bodies

The corpus cavernosum is a structural unit of the penis, which is directly involved in the erection process, contributing to its enlargement and hardening.

The corpora cavernosa are formed from the erectile tissue of the male reproductive organ. Their structure is similar to a sponge consisting of epithelial cells. There are two paired bodies and one unpaired body - the spongy body.

The anatomy of the corpus cavernosum includes 3 elements:

• the distal part, which is located on top;
• · middle;
• · proximal part or a leg.

Among the main tasks is to ensure the process of penile erection that occurs during sexual arousal in men. Their structure includes cavernous tissue, covered with a membrane and consisting of many cells - caverns.

Cavities have the ability to change volume by increasing or decreasing the tone of the trabecular fibers that form the cells. Blood vessels, through which blood flows to the caverns, are called arterioles.

With sexual desire in men, nitric oxide is released, due to which the trabecular fibers relax and the distance between the arterioles increases.

Increased blood flow causes filling of the caverns with blood and an increase in the volume of cavernous tissue. Reverse outflow there's blood coming out along the plexuses of veins located under the so-called tunica albuginea. When the cavernous tissue increases, the venous plexuses are pressed against the membrane, which partially blocks the outflow of blood and fixes the erect state of the penis.

When sexual activity completed, norepinephrine is released, which affects the trabecular fibers, increasing their tone. This process helps to reduce the erectile process and the reverse flow of blood from the penis.

The normal functioning of the corpora cavernosa has a direct impact on the sexual life of men.

Thus, with weak blood flow or increased blood outflow from the cavernous bodies, as well as with nerve damage, damage to cavernous tissue, men experience sexual dysfunction. If cavernous diseases are not treated, complications can lead to impotence.

Arterial blood flow in the male genital organ is carried out by two genital arteries located in the penis. The main male artery is divided into two vessels: the dorsal one (providing blood flow to the head of the penis) and the cavernous branch.

Once in the cavernous bodies, the artery “breaks up” into small vessels that fill the cavernous tissue with blood. Some of these vessels have a spiral shape, which is why they are called “cochlear arteries.”

The arterial circulation of the penis is represented by many vessels and complex structure, however, it is the cavernous type vessels that are important for erection.

Venous blood flow is carried out by small venules, which unite to form a plexus. In the upper part of the cavernous bodies, the venules pass into the efferent vessels, which cross the tunica albuginea, forming the circumflex veins.

The skin of the penis produces venous outflow of blood through the superficial dorsal vein, which is emptied in the saphenous veins.

A disease in which inflammation of the cavernous bodies of the penis occurs is called cavernitis. This pathology usually occurs in acute form, causes severe pain and negatively affects sexual function men.

The cause of the disease is an infection that enters the cavernous body of the penis. The most common infectious agent is gonorrhea. Bacteria initially enter the urethra and then spread.

A factor that contributes to the spread of infection and the appearance of the disease may be microtrauma of the mucous membrane caused when taking a smear from the penis.

Other causes of cavernitis in men may be diseases such as inflammation of the urethra, sore throat, or trauma to the penis, which caused damage to the corpus cavernosum.

Inflammation can be transmitted from any other affected organ along with blood and lymph.

The most pronounced symptom cavernite is sharp pain in the penis, in the absence of treatment it increases over time. The skin of the penis becomes red and swollen.

In some cases, an involuntary erection may occur, the appearance of which is associated with impaired blood flow in the organ, and not with sexual desire. When touched, the pain intensifies; at the site of inflammation, you can feel a dense, edematous thickening.

The next phase in the development of the disease is suppuration. When the abscess opens, pus enters the urethra. This stage is characterized by the fact that the condition improves slightly, and the pain becomes less pronounced. During urination, a large volume of pus is released from the canal along with urine.

The third phase of the development of the disease is called sclerosis. The place where the abscess has opened is covered with scar tissue, which leads to deformation of the penis and interferes with a full sexual life. Pain may appear periodically, but its manifestation will not be as severe as on initial stage. Once neglected, cavernitis becomes chronic.

It progresses slowly, with increasing compaction and even greater deformation of the penis.

If there is strong pain, you cannot self-medicate or carry out symptomatic therapy. The drugs will temporarily relieve the pain, but the process of suppuration and deformation will continue, and correcting it will be much more difficult than preventing it.

Diagnosis of cavernitis

Diagnosis of pathology occurs by clinical and laboratory examination. Visual enlargement of the penis due to swelling, redness skin genital organ, complaints of pain allow high probability diagnose acute cavernitis without special diagnostic measures.

However, when the symptoms are not so pronounced or the cause of the disease needs to be established, laboratory and instrumental research methods (ultrasound) are used.

To find out the causative agent of the disease, if cavernitis is of an infectious nature, it is recommended to take bacterial analysis urine. A bacteriological analysis of urethral discharge is also done.

The main method of instrumental or hardware diagnostics for cavity is ultrasound. If there is suspicion of damage to the urethral wall by trauma, an ultrasound is indicated.

The ultrasound procedure allows you to determine the location of the traumatic passage from the urethra to the cavernous bodies. This examination method allows you to track changes in the structure of the cavernous and cavernous bodies and the characteristics of blood circulation in the organ.

Ultrasound is indicated not only for injuries of the penis, but also for decreased potency, congenital pathologies, the appearance of neoplasms.

Ultrasound does not require special preparation. The results obtained from an ultrasound of the penis are not affected in any way by the fullness of the bladder or stomach. The procedure is carried out in a lying position.

Before starting the ultrasound, a special gel is applied to the skin of the penis. The movement of the sensor through the organ allows one to obtain important information that cannot be revealed using other diagnostic methods.

Pathological drainage of the corpora cavernosa is a common disease that occurs in every third man with problematic erection. Venous drainage occurs when outflow is disrupted venous blood.
Pathological drainage of the corpora cavernosa is common cause the appearance of so-called venous impotence.

In order not to start drainage until the stage of complications, it is necessary to consult a doctor at the first symptoms of pathology. Drainage causes problems with erectile function and causes priapism.

If the quality of erection has significantly decreased or involuntary erect states of the penis occur, accompanied by excessive sensitivity and pain.
Pathological drainage is treated both conservatively and surgically.

Surgical intervention is carried out mainly by shunting, since the removal of the blocked area in a standard way very problematic. Drugs are capable of eliminating a disease such as pathological drainage, but not in all cases.

For the treatment of vascular impotence, the following are applicable: modern methods, such as electrical stimulation of the corpora cavernosa and lidocaine injection. Electrical stimulation effectively combats venous leakage and allows the corpora cavernosa to remain filled with blood longer, which helps improve the quality of erections and increase their duration.

Injections of vasodilators provide dilation of the arteries and increase blood flow to the genital organ.

The method of treatment, taking into account all the features of the course of the disease, should be determined by a specialist after conducting an appropriate examination.

The corpus cavernosum is an important structural unit of the penis and directly affects the quality of erection and reproductive functions stronger sex.

Pathologies associated with the occurrence of disturbances in the functioning of the cavernous bodies are easy to diagnose, but if left untreated they can negatively affect a man’s future sexual life.

Cavernous (cavernous) body- This is the structural part of the penis. The corpora cavernosa (right and left) are cylindrical in shape and located inside the penis. To the ventral surface of the cavernous bodies, parallel to them, is the spongy (spongiosum) body of the penis.

Anatomically, the corpus cavernosum is divided into:
(1) apex (apex) - distal part;
(2) middle part;
(3) pedicle - proximal part.

In the apical part, the cavernous bodies are covered by the glans penis, which is part of the corpus spongiosum. At the symphysis pubis in the proximal part, the cavernous bodies diverge downward and posteriorly parallel to the descending (ischial) branches of the pubic bones, to which they are attached by ligaments. In the area of ​​the symphysis pubis, the corpus cavernosum is attached to the bones using the unpaired infundibular ligament. The corpora cavernosa can be felt as ridges on the right and left inside the penis.

Main function of the corpora cavernosa- ensuring erection of the penis (increase in size and hardening of the penis during sexual arousal).

The corpus cavernosum consists of cavernous tissue surrounded by a tunica albuginea. Cavernous tissue has a cellular structure. Each cavity (cell) has the ability to change its internal volume by changing the tone of the smooth muscle elements (trabecular muscles) included in the structure of the cavern walls. Blood enters the caverns through arterioles radiating from the cavernous artery, located centrally inside the corpus cavernosum. During sexual arousal, in response to the release of a mediator (NO - nitric oxide), due to the relaxation of the trabecular muscles and the muscles of the walls of the cavernous arteries, the lumen of the cavernous arteries and the volume of the caverns increase. Increased blood flow to the cavernous tissue and filling of the caverns with a larger volume of blood leads to an increase in the total volume of cavernous tissue (tumescence or swelling of the penis). Normally, the outflow of blood from the cavernous tissue occurs through the venous plexuses located directly under the tunica albuginea. When the venous plexuses are pressed to the tunica albuginea due to an increase in the volume of cavernous tissue during tumescence (the basis of the veno-occlusive mechanism), the outflow of blood from the cavernous bodies decreases, leading to the appearance of a hard erection. At the end of sexual activity (usually after ejaculation), the release of norepinephrine, a sympathetic transmitter that increases the tone of the trabecular muscles, leads to the disappearance of an erection (detumescence) in the reverse order to the appearance of an erection. Insufficient blood flow to the cavernous bodies, excessive outflow of venous blood from the cavernous bodies, damage to the nerves that conduct signals for the appearance of an erection, as well as damage to the cavernous tissue leads to a deterioration in the quality of erection up to its complete absence ().

The tunica albuginea of ​​the corpus cavernosum is the case of the cavernous bodies and consists of elastic connective tissue. During an erection, the tunica albuginea, evenly stretching in different directions, ensures a symmetrical enlargement of the penis. Congenital disorders of the elasticity of the tunica albuginea, scar changes after injuries to the penis and the formation of fibrous plaques on the tunica albuginea can lead to curvature of the penis during erection.

The cavernous body is the most important element, involved in creating a stable erection of the penis, ensuring an increase in size and hardening of the penis during sexual arousal. There are three bodies in total: two paired and one unpaired. In their structure, they resemble a sponge, the inside of which consists of through which they pass blood arteries and nerve endings.

Location

Two cavernous bodies, having a cylindrical shape, are involved. Attachment to lower branches made using the pointed ends of each cylinder. The first cavernous body is connected to the second, and these paired formations are completely fused with each other.

Due to this, a depression is formed on the lower surface of the pubic symphysis, in which the cavernous bodies are located. If necessary, the corpus cavernosum can be palpated on the right and left sides inside the penis. Their shape resembles small rollers. The cells inside them can change significantly in size due to the influx of blood.

Appearance

The corpus cavernosum ends in front of the head of the penis. On top they are covered with a white membrane. It is noteworthy that it is completely absent. This structure is characteristic of the entire penis, with the exception of the head.

The inner surface of the tunica albuginea is dotted with many trabeculae (processes) consisting of dense connective tissue.

Fabric structure in large quantities contains smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers. At the same time, they branch and intertwine again along the entire length of the cavernous bodies, forming among themselves a system of cells - lacunae and caverns, which, during sexual arousal, are filled with blood.

Work of the cavernous bodies

The deep artery, running along the entire length of the penis, splits into separate branches located in trabeculae. It is the main supplier of blood when agitation occurs. If the branches are in a calm state, their shape is convoluted, as a result of which they are called helical, or cochlear.

Blood arteries have thick muscular walls with a wide lumen and open directly into the cells. Due to the beams muscle fibers, thickening the wall of the arteries and having a smooth shape, lumen vascular wall closes when contracted. It should be noted that the veins passing through the penis also have a developed muscle layer.

How is an erection achieved?

Smooth muscle cells of the arteries, together with arterioles and sinusoidal capillaries, play a major role in achieving an erection, during which the size of the penis increases significantly. At normal operation arteries passing in and around the cavernous bodies, the penis straightens, becoming much denser in structure and completely ready for sexual intercourse.

At the end of sexual intercourse, ending with ejaculation, norepinephrine is released, causing the complete completion of the erection. If the blood flow to the cavernous bodies is insufficient, destruction occurs nerve endings, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of erection up to impotence.

Workouts for penis enlargement

Most men, having learned about the functions that the elements in question perform, wonder how to enlarge the cavernous bodies, and develop special technique training for penis enlargement, based on a special technique of gripping and stretching the penis.

To enlarge the penis, you need to grab it tightly at the base with your hand, stretching it as far as possible towards the head. To achieve maximum effect, it is necessary to carry out this exercise at least 10 times, thereby accelerating the cavernous bodies. Penis enlargement occurs due to the fact that blood rushes to the head of the penis, thereby distributing the cavernous bodies throughout the genital organ.

Despite the complete safety this method, it is not particularly effective. In order to significantly compress the cavernous bodies in men along the entire length of the penis, it is necessary to apply a force much higher than the standard degree. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that the cavernous bodies are adapted to increase only during the period of their growth. Consequently, enlargement of the genital organ even with the help of long-term physical training cannot bring significant results.

Cavernitis is a dangerous disease for every man that can cause partial or complete impotence and male infertility. Fortunately, this is not the most common pathology; it can be successfully avoided if you monitor your health and do not trigger the first alarming symptoms.

It is important not to confuse the disease with other pathologies, otherwise the treatment will not be effective and chronic cavernitis will develop - it will be much more difficult to get rid of it. Therefore, every man should know the main manifestations of cavernitis in order to take timely measures and prevent complications.

What is cavernitis - description of the disease

Penile cavernitis is a disease in which the cavernous or cavernous body inside the penis becomes inflamed. The cause of inflammation is the penetration of infection into inner fabrics. For this reason, cavernitis is often confused with urethritis and incorrect therapy is carried out. To avoid misunderstandings, you should understand anatomical structure penis.

A channel passes through the entire penis, which ensures the excretion of urine and seminal fluid - it is called the urethra. The urethra is enclosed in the corpus spongiosum, with severe forms cavernite in inflammatory process she gets involved too. On either side of it are symmetrically located cavernous bodies - they are also called cavernous from the Latin “cavern”, which literally translates as “cave”. Each of the cavernous bodies has the shape of a cylinder; in medicine they are conventionally divided into three parts:

• distal or apex;
• average;
• the lower one is the pedicle of the corpus cavernosum.

This is clearly demonstrated in the photo. The corpora cavernosa are responsible for the formation and maintenance of an erection, so you can imagine the scale of the disease if they are affected by inflammation.

The disease always begins very brightly and proceeds in an acute form, it is impossible to ignore it. But since it develops rapidly and is capable of very quickly destroying everything genitourinary system in men, and not only reduce erectile function, you should not hesitate for a single day. The signs described below should be cause for concern and should prompt an immediate visit to a urologist.

Reasons for the development of cavernite

Cavernitis can also develop for the following reasons:

• surgery during which the corpora cavernosa were injured;
• incorrect introduction medicines or other substances directly into the cavernous bodies;
• prolonged catheterization of the bladder;
• acute urethritis caused by gonorrhea;
• infectious purulent-inflammatory diseases - tonsillitis, osteomyelitis, carbuncle, caries, sinusitis.

How separate species pathology considers cavernitis of syphilitic origin.

Types of cavernite

Inflammation of the corpora cavernosa of the penis is classified according to several different criteria.

1. The nature of the course is acute or chronic.
2. By localization - unilateral or bilateral, with or without extension to the corpus spongiosum. There may also be limited or diffuse cavernitis.
3. According to the nature of origin, they distinguish the periorbital or syphilitic forms of the disease.

The penis is formed by two cavernous and one spongy bodies. The two cavernous bodies of the penis are cylindrical in shape with slightly pointed ends and are attached to the lower branches of the pubic bones. Both bodies converge under the pubic symphysis and then grow together, forming a groove on the lower surface where the spongy body of the penis lies, ending in front with the head; the posterior end of the spongy body forms a bulb located in the thickness of the muscles of the perineum (Fig. 193). The cavernous and spongy bodies are covered with a dense connective tissue tunica albuginea devoid of muscle fibers, which is absent only on the head of the penis. From inner surface The membranes have processes (trabeculae) that are formed by dense fibrous connective tissue containing many smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers. Trabeculae branch into the tissues of the spongy and cavernous bodies and intertwine with each other. Between them a system of cells (lacunae, caverns) is formed, which are wide blood capillaries. Blood is delivered to the cavernous bodies mainly by the deep artery of the penis, which splits into branches running along the trabeculae. When the penis is in a calm state, they are convoluted, which gives rise to the name helical or cochlear. Arteries open directly into cells (cavities). The lumen of these arteries is wide, and their walls have a thick muscular lining; in addition, the inner lining of the arteries is thickened due to additional bundles of smooth muscle fibers, which close the lumen when the vascular wall contracts. The walls of the veins also have a well-developed muscle layer. The main role in erection is played by smooth muscle cells of arteries, arterioles and sinusoidal capillaries. During an erection, the size of the penis increases sharply, it straightens, becomes dense, ready for