Mental disorders: various disorders of the human psyche. Symptoms of the disease - mental disorders

Our psyche is a rather subtle and complex system. Experts classify it as a form of a person’s active reflection of objective reality, which arises during an individual’s interaction with the outside world and regulates his behavior and activities. Quite often doctors have to deal with pathological abnormalities from a normal state, which they call mental disorders. There are many mental disorders, but some are more common. Let's talk about what a human mental disorder is in a little more detail, discuss the symptoms, treatment, types and causes of such health problems.

Causes of mental disorders

Mental disorders can be explained by a variety of factors, which can generally be divided into exogenous and endogenous. The first are factors external influence, for example, taking dangerous toxic substances, viral diseases and traumatic lesions. A internal reasons represented by chromosomal mutations, hereditary and genetic ailments, as well as disorders mental development.

An individual’s resistance to mental disorders is also determined by specific physical characteristics, and general development of the psyche. After all, different subjects react differently to mental anguish and various kinds Problems.

For typical reasons, causing disturbances psyche, include neuroses, neurasthenia, depressive states, aggressive effects of chemical or toxic elements, as well as traumatic head injuries and hereditary factors.

Mental disorders - symptoms

There are a number various symptoms which can be observed in mental disorders. They most often manifest themselves as psychological discomfort and disturbances in activity different areas. Patients with such problems experience various symptoms of physical and emotional nature, cognitive and perceptual impairments may also occur. For example, a person may feel unhappy or extremely happy, regardless of the seriousness of the events that occurred, and he may also experience failures in building logical relationships.

Classic manifestations of mental disorders include excessive fatigue, rapid and unexpected changes in mood, insufficiently adequate reaction to events, and spatial and temporal disorientation. Also, specialists are faced with a violation of perception in their patients; they may not have an adequate attitude towards their own condition, abnormal reactions (or lack of adequate reactions), fear, confusion (sometimes hallucinations) are observed. Enough common symptom mental disorders include anxiety, problems with sleep, falling asleep and waking up.

Sometimes mental health problems are accompanied by the appearance of obsessions, delusions of persecution and various phobias. Such disorders often lead to the development of depressive states, which can be interrupted by frantic emotional outbursts aimed at fulfilling some incredible plans.

Many mental disorders are accompanied by disorders of self-awareness, which make themselves felt by confusion, depersonalization and derealization. People with such problems often have weakened memory (and sometimes completely absent), paramnesia and disturbances in the thought process.

Delusion, which can be either primary, sensory or affective, is considered a frequent accompaniment of mental disorders.

Sometimes mental disorders manifest themselves as problems with eating - overeating, which can cause obesity, or, conversely, refusal to eat. Alcohol abuse is common. Many patients with such problems suffer from sexual dysfunction. They also often look sloppy and may even refuse to hygiene procedures.

Types of mental disorders

There are quite a few classifications of mental disorders. We will consider only one of them. It includes conditions provoked by various organic diseases brain – injuries, strokes and systemic diseases.

Also, doctors separately consider persistent or drug use.

In addition, disorders can be identified psychological development(debut in early childhood) and disturbances in activity, concentration and hyperkinetic disorders (usually recorded in children or adolescents).

Mental disorder - treatment

Therapy for problems of this kind is carried out under the supervision of a psychotherapist and other specialized specialists, while the doctor takes into account not only the diagnosis, but also the patient’s condition and other existing health problems.

This is how experts quite often use sedatives which have a pronounced calming effect. Tranquilizers can also be used; they effectively reduce anxiety and relieve emotional tension. Such drugs also reduce muscle tone and have a mild hypnotic effect. The most common tranquilizers are Chlordiazepoxide, and.

Mental disorders are also treated using antipsychotics. These drugs are considered the most popular for such diseases; they are good at reducing mental agitation, reducing psychomotor activity, reducing aggressiveness and suppressing emotional tension. Popular drugs in this group are Propazine, Pimozide, and Flupenthixol.

Antidepressants are used to treat patients with complete depression of thoughts and feelings, with a severe decrease in mood. Such drugs can increase pain threshold, improve mood, relieve apathy and lethargy, they normalize sleep and appetite well, and also increase mental activity. Qualified psychotherapists often use Pyritinol and as antidepressants.

Treatment of mental disorders can also be carried out with the help of mood stabilizers, which are designed to regulate inappropriate manifestations of emotions and have anticonvulsant effectiveness. Such medications are often used for bipolar disorder. These include, etc.

Maximum safe medications For the treatment of mental disorders, nootropics are considered to have a positive effect on cognitive processes, enhance memory and increase the resistance of the nervous system to various stresses. The drugs of choice are usually Aminalon.

In addition, correctional psychotherapy is indicated for patients with mental disorders. They will benefit from hypnotic techniques, suggestions, and sometimes NLP methods. Important role mastering the autogenic training technique plays a role; in addition, one cannot do without the support of relatives.

Mental disorders - traditional treatment

Specialists traditional medicine claim that some medicines based on herbs and improvised means may well help eliminate mental disorders. But they can be used only after consultation with the doctor.

Thus, traditional medicines can be an excellent alternative to some sedative medications. For example, to eliminate nervous excitement, irritability and insomnia, healers advise mixing three parts of crushed valerian root, the same number of leaves peppermint and four parts clover. Brew a tablespoon of this raw material with a glass of just boiled water. Infuse the medicine for twenty minutes, then strain and squeeze out the plant material. Take the prepared infusion half a glass twice a day and immediately before bed.

Also for irritability of the nervous system, insomnia and nervous excitement, you can mix two parts of valerian roots with three parts of chamomile flowers and three parts of caraway seeds. Brew and take this remedy in the same way as in the previous recipe.

You can cope with insomnia with the help of simple infusion based on hops. Pour a couple of tablespoons of crushed cones of this plant with half a liter of cool, pre-boiled water. Leave for five to seven hours, then strain and drink a tablespoon three or four times a day.

Another excellent sedative is oregano. Brew a couple of tablespoons of this herb with half a liter of boiling water. Leave for half an hour, then strain and take half a glass three or four times a day immediately before meals. This medicine perfectly eliminates sleep problems.

Some traditional medicines can be used to treat depression. So, taking a medicine based on chicory root gives a good effect. Brew twenty grams of this crushed raw material with a glass of boiling water. Boil the product over low heat for ten minutes, then strain. Take the prepared decoction one tablespoon five to six times a day.

If depression is accompanied by severe loss of energy, prepare a medicine based on rosemary. Brew twenty grams of crushed leaves of such a plant with one glass of boiling water and simmer over low heat for fifteen to twenty minutes. Cool the finished medicine and then strain. Take half a teaspoon half an hour before meals.

Taking an infusion based on common knotweed also has a remarkable effect on depression. Brew a couple of tablespoons of this herb with half a liter of boiling water. Leave for half an hour, then strain. Take small portions throughout the day.

Mental disorders are quite serious conditions that require close attention and adequate correction under the supervision of specialists. Feasibility of application folk remedies It is also worth discussing with your doctor.

When it comes to mental disorder, people usually imagine a disheveled person with a crazy, wandering gaze, committing actions that defy any logic. However, in reality this is not entirely true. The most common mental disorders do not have clear manifestations for others, and their owners themselves often do not even suspect that they need help. specialized assistance if not in a psychiatric hospital, then at least in a psychotherapist’s chair. Psychiatrists have compiled a unique rating of the most common mental disorders affecting our contemporaries.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

This is a borderline state between health and illness. Characterized by nervousness, insomnia, emotional instability and a feeling of hopelessness. The peculiarity is that by taking a step in the direction of the disease, the patient can get, in addition to neurosis or psychosis, any somatic disease - as you know, it breaks where it is subtle, and a problem will arise with what there is a predisposition to. This condition differs from ordinary fatigue in that a person can no longer help himself by simply resting properly.

Breakdown

The human psyche is capable of bearing significant loads without harm to itself, provided that they alternate with relaxation. If there is stress for a long time and there is no rest, a nervous breakdown occurs. Its manifestations are varied, but the name speaks for itself: a person’s nerves cannot stand it, and he begins to lash out at everyone and everything, commit rash acts that he would never allow in life. in good condition. Breakdown- Very dangerous condition, as it can become a trigger for more severe mental illness.

Professional burnout syndrome

This disorder may seem frivolous to some, because it is associated with professional activity, and it is just one of the aspects of life. But in fact, although this disease arises due to the situation at work, it negatively affects a person’s entire life, leading to irritability, a feeling of hopelessness, and disorders eating behavior, autonomic disorders, depression and personality changes. Professional burnout syndrome affects those people whose work is associated with emotional involvement in the problems of their clients. These are doctors, psychologists, teachers, social service workers, customer service managers at large industries, etc. The disease is associated with the inability to protect one's mental space and the inability to relax.

Post-dissertation syndrome

Another Occupational Illness, associated with overstrain, only this time not emotional, but mental. The name of the syndrome suggests its cause: excessive prolonged effort, ending with the delivery of responsible work. This is not necessarily a dissertation; the reason can be any important task that requires full dedication. The strength is given away, and when the work is completed, the meaning of life is lost along with it. A person does not find a place for himself, does not know where to put his strength, he is overtaken by apathy and a feeling of emptiness, and at the same time he does not take on a new task, fearing to re-experience the difficulties associated with it. IN severe case post-dissertation syndrome can lead to a feeling of uselessness and suicidal thoughts.

Neurasthenia

The term "neurasthenia" can be translated as "nervous exhaustion." It is a consequence of the inability to assess one’s capabilities and distribute one’s forces. Neurosthenics lose the ability to concentrate on a task, grab at one thing or another, realizing the unproductiveness of such behavior, become irritable, conflictual, aggressive or whiny. They are not able to adequately perceive criticism addressed to them, even the mildest. This disorder is characterized by bursts of violent activity, interspersed with periods of complete apathy, as well as intolerance loud sounds, smells, bright light - any strong irritants. Lack of appetite or excessive appetite, headaches, insomnia and decreased sexual function are also symptoms of neurasthenia.

Abulia

Abulia is a mental disorder in which a person cannot bring himself to perform necessary actions. While fully understanding the importance of action, such people are incapable of action itself; they watch in horror as, as a result of their passivity, their lives go downhill, without doing anything. Abulia may be secondary, i.e. a symptom of a mental illness, such as schizophrenia, but can also act as an independent disorder. Where the fine line lies between weak will and abulia is not known for certain. Experts consider stress to be the main cause of the disease, as well as the vast majority of other abnormalities.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

This term sometimes refers to one of the types of neurosis - obsessive-compulsive neurosis. It occurs in people whose activities are associated with the need for constant concentration, increased attentiveness and responsibility. The disease is manifested by obsessive repetition of any monotonous actions or disturbing thoughts: washing hands after contact with any object, checking whether electrical appliances are turned off, constantly checking email, refreshing the page in in social networks and so on.

Depression

Depression is the scourge of our time. As a matter of fact, it is now customary to greatly abuse this term, calling it both a depressed mood that occurs as a result of completely objective reasons, and a serious mental illness that can lead to alcoholism, suicide or other unpleasant consequences. Depression in the medical sense is, of course, the second option. The disease can be characterized as a loss of the ability to enjoy life and experience pleasant moments. The life of a depressed person becomes grey, dull and monotonous; this state is extremely painful for a person and lasts unbearably long. Advice to unwind, become positive or rethink life will not help in this case; the person needs the help of a psychotherapist, and sometimes a course of drug therapy.

Panic attacks

Panic attacks are another type of neuroses characterized by sudden attacks irrational fear, with all the accompanying reactions: heart palpitations, cold sweat, hand trembling, jumps blood pressure etc. Panic attacks People who have been in a state of fear for a long time of not doing something or not being in time, haunted by the fear of failure, are susceptible. The reason is simple – stress, overwork, associated with an increased sense of responsibility and inability to work in a team, trust people, and transfer part of one’s workload to other employees. “If you want everything done right, do it yourself” - this is the motto proclaimed by these people, and in it main reason their mental disorders.

characterized by disorders of mental and intellectual activity varying degrees expressiveness and emotional disorders. Psychotic disorders are understood as the most striking manifestations mental illness, in which the patient’s mental activity does not correspond to the surrounding reality, the reflection of the real world in consciousness is sharply distorted, which manifests itself in behavioral disorders, the appearance of pathological symptoms and syndromes that are unusual in the norm.

Covers psychoses and other mental disorders arising from trauma, brain tumors, encephalitis, meningitis, syphilis of the brain, as well as senile and presenile psychoses, vascular, degenerative and other organic diseases or lesions of the brain.

Mental disorders include post-traumatic stress disorder, paranoia, and mental and behavioral disorders associated with reproductive function in women ( premenstrual syndrome, pregnancy disorders, disorders postpartum period- "ancestral blues" postpartum depression, postpartum (puerperal) psychoses). Post-traumatic stress disorder- this is a disorder mental activity to psychosocial stress that is excessive in intensity.

Causes of mental disorders

Neuropsychiatric disorders due to the numerous causes that cause them are extremely diverse. These are depression, and psychomotor agitation, and manifestations of alcoholic delirium, withdrawal syndrome, and different kinds delirium, and memory impairment, and hysterical attacks and much more. Let's look at some of these reasons.

Neuroses

The first step to exhaustion of the nervous system is basic anxiety. Agree, how often we begin to imagine incredible things, drawing various horrors, and then it turns out that all the worries are in vain. Then, as a critical situation develops, anxiety can develop into more serious nervous disorders, which leads to disturbances not only in a person’s mental perception, but also to failures of various internal organ systems.

Neurasthenia

A mental disorder such as neurasthenia occurs in response to prolonged exposure to a traumatic situation and is accompanied by high human fatigue, exhaustion of mental activity against the background of excessive excitability and constant grumpiness over trifles. Moreover, excitability and irritability are protective methods against the final destruction of nerves. People with a sense of duty and anxiety, as well as those who do not get enough sleep and are burdened with many worries are especially prone to neurasthenia.

Hysterical neurosis

Hysterical neurosis arises as a result of a strong traumatic situation, and the person does not try to resist it, but, on the contrary, “runs away” into it, forcing himself to experience the full severity of this experience. Hysterical neurosis can last from several minutes, hours to several years, and more than a long period it spreads, the stronger the mental disorder can be, and only by changing a person’s attitude towards his illness and seizures can this disease be stopped.

Depression

TO neurotic disorders also includes depression, which is characterized by a lack of joy, a pessimistic perception of life, sadness and reluctance to change anything in one’s life. It may be accompanied by insomnia, refusal to eat, refusal of sexual intercourse, and lack of desire to do one’s business, including what one loves. Often the manifestation of depression is expressed in a person’s apathy to what is happening, melancholy; he seems to be in his own dimension, not noticing the people around him. For some, depression prompts them to turn to alcohol, drugs, and other substances that are harmful to their health. The worsening of depression is dangerous because the patient, losing criticality and adequacy of thinking, can commit suicide, unable to bear the burden of the severity of this disease.

Chemical substances

Also, the cause of such disorders can be exposure to various chemical substances, these substances can be some medications, food components, and industrial poisons. Lesions of other organs and systems (for example, endocrine system, vitamin deficiencies, exhaustion) cause the development of psychosis.

Traumatic brain injuries

Also, as a result of various traumatic brain injuries, transient, long-term and chronic disorders mental health, sometimes quite severe. Brain oncology and other severe pathologies are almost always accompanied by one or another mental disorder.

Toxic substances

Toxic substances are another cause of mental disorders (alcohol, drugs, heavy metals and other chemicals). Everything listed above, all these harmful factors, under some conditions they can cause a mental disorder, under other conditions they can only contribute to the occurrence of the disease or its exacerbation.

Heredity

Also, family history increases the risk of developing mental illness, but not always. For example, some kind of mental pathology may appear if it occurred in previous generations, but it can also appear if it never existed. The influence of hereditary factors on the development of mental pathology remains far from being studied.

Mental disorders are invisible to the naked eye, and therefore very insidious. They significantly complicate a person’s life when he does not even suspect there is a problem. Experts who study this aspect of the boundless human essence claim that many of us have mental disorders, but does this mean that every second inhabitant of our planet needs treatment? How to understand that a person is truly sick and needs qualified help? You will receive answers to these and many other questions by reading the subsequent sections of the article.

What is a mental disorder

The concept of “mental disorder” covers a wide range of deviations of a person’s mental state from the norm. The problems with internal health in question should not be perceived as a negative manifestation negative side human personality. Like any physical illness, a mental disorder is a disruption of the processes and mechanisms of perception of reality, which creates certain difficulties. People faced with such problems do not adapt well to real life conditions and do not always correctly interpret what is happening.

Symptoms and signs of mental disorders

TO characteristic manifestations mental disorders include disturbances in behavior/mood/thinking that go beyond generally accepted cultural norms and beliefs. As a rule, all symptoms are dictated by the depressed state of mind. In this case, a person loses the ability to fully perform habitual social functions. The general spectrum of symptoms can be divided into several groups:

• physical - pain in various parts body, insomnia;
• cognitive – difficulties in clear thinking, memory impairment, unjustified pathological beliefs;
• perceptual - states in which the patient notices phenomena that other people do not notice (sounds, movement of objects, etc.);
• emotional – sudden feeling of anxiety, sadness, fear;
• behavioral – unjustified aggression, inability to perform basic self-care activities, abuse of psychoactive drugs.

Main causes of diseases in women and men

The etiology aspect of this category of diseases has not been fully studied, therefore modern medicine cannot clearly describe the mechanisms causing mental disorders. Nevertheless, a number of reasons can be identified, the connection of which with mental disorders has been scientifically proven:

• stressful vital states;
• difficult family circumstances;
• brain diseases;
• hereditary factors;
• genetic predisposition;
• medical problems.

In addition, experts identify a number of special cases that represent specific deviations, conditions or incidents against the background of which serious mental disorders develop. The factors that will be discussed are often found in Everyday life, and therefore can lead to deterioration mental health people in the most unexpected situations.

Alcoholism

Systematic abuse of alcoholic beverages often leads to mental disorders in humans. In the body of a person suffering chronic alcoholism, constantly contained a large number of decomposition products ethyl alcohol, which cause major changes thinking, behavior and mood. In this regard, dangerous mental disorders arise, including:

1. Psychosis. Mental disorder due to impairment metabolic processes in the brain. The toxic effect of ethyl alcohol overshadows the patient’s judgment, but the consequences appear only a few days after stopping use. A person is overcome by a feeling of fear or even a mania of persecution. In addition, the patient may have all sorts of obsessions related to the fact that someone wants to cause him physical or moral harm.
2. Delirium tremens. A common post-alcohol mental disorder that occurs due to profound disturbances in metabolic processes in all organs and systems human body. Delirium tremens manifests itself in sleep disorders and seizures. The listed phenomena, as a rule, appear 70-90 hours after stopping alcohol consumption. The patient exhibits sudden changes moods from carefree fun to terrible anxiety.
3. Rave. A mental disorder, called delusion, is expressed in the patient’s appearance of unshakable judgments and conclusions that do not correspond to objective reality. In a state of delirium, a person's sleep is disturbed and photophobia appears. The boundaries between sleep and reality become blurred, and the patient begins to confuse one with the other.
4. Hallucinations are vivid ideas, pathologically brought to the level of perception of real-life objects. The patient begins to feel as if the people and objects around him are swaying, rotating, or even falling. The sense of the passage of time is distorted.

Brain injuries

When receiving mechanical brain injuries, a person can develop a whole range of serious mental disorders. As a result of damage nerve centers are launched complex processes, leading to clouding of consciousness. After such cases, the following disorders/conditions/diseases often occur:

1. Twilight states. Celebrated, as a rule, in the evening hours. The victim becomes drowsy and becomes delirious. In some cases, a person may plunge into a state similar to stupor. The patient’s consciousness is filled with all sorts of pictures of excitement, which can cause appropriate reactions: from psychomotor disorder to brutal affect.
2. Delirium. Serious disorder mental disorder, in which a person experiences visual hallucinations. For example, a person injured in a car accident can see moving vehicles, groups of people and other objects associated with the roadway. Mental disorders plunge the patient into a state of fear or anxiety.
3. Oneiroid. A rare form of mental disorder in which the nerve centers of the brain are damaged. Expressed in immobility and slight drowsiness. For some time, the patient may become chaotically excited, and then freeze again without moving.

Somatic diseases

Against the background of somatic diseases, the human psyche suffers very, very seriously. Violations appear that are almost impossible to get rid of. Below is a list of mental disorders that medicine considers the most common in somatic disorders:

1. Asthenic neurosis-like state. A mental disorder in which a person exhibits hyperactivity and talkativeness. The patient systematically experiences phobic disorders and often falls into short-term depression. Fears, as a rule, have clear outlines and do not change.
2. Korsakov's syndrome. A disease that is a combination of memory impairment regarding current events, impaired orientation in space/terrain and the appearance of false memories. A serious mental disorder that cannot be treated with known medical methods. The patient constantly forgets about the events that just happened and often repeats the same questions.
3. Dementia. Terrible diagnosis, which stands for acquired dementia. This mental disorder often occurs in people aged 50-70 years who have somatic problems. The diagnosis of dementia is given to people with reduced cognitive function. Somatic disorders lead to irreparable abnormalities in the brain. The mental sanity of a person does not suffer. Find out more about how treatment is carried out, what is the life expectancy with this diagnosis.

Epilepsy

Almost all people suffering from epilepsy experience mental disorders. Disorders that occur against the background of this disease can be paroxysmal (single) and permanent (constant). The cases of mental disorders listed below are found in medical practice more often than others:

1. Mental seizures. Medicine identifies several types of this disorder. All of them are expressed in sudden changes in the patient’s mood and behavior. A mental seizure in a person suffering from epilepsy is accompanied by aggressive movements and loud screams.
2. Transitory mental disorder. Long-term deviations of the patient's condition from normal. Transient mental disorder is a prolonged mental attack (described above), aggravated by a state of delirium. It can last from two to three hours to a whole day.
3. Epileptic mood disorders. As a rule, such mental disorders are expressed in the form of dysphoria, which is characterized by a simultaneous combination of anger, melancholy, causeless fear and many other sensations.

Malignant tumors

Development malignant tumors often leads to change psychological state person. As the formations on the brain grow, the pressure increases, causing serious abnormalities. In this state, patients experience unreasonable fears, delusions, melancholy and many others. focal symptoms. All this may indicate the presence of the following psychological disorders:

1. Hallucinations. They can be tactile, olfactory, auditory and gustatory. Such deviations are usually detected in the presence of tumors in temporal lobes brain Vegetovisceral disorders are often detected along with them.
2. Affective disorders. Such mental disorders in most cases are observed with tumors localized in the right hemisphere. In this regard, attacks of horror, fear and melancholy develop. Emotions caused by a violation of the structure of the brain are displayed on the patient’s face: facial expression and skin color change, the pupils narrow and dilate.
3. Memory disorders. With the appearance of this deviation, signs of Korsakov's syndrome appear. The patient gets confused about the events that just happened, asks the same questions, loses the logic of events, etc. In addition, in this state a person’s mood often changes. Within a few seconds, the patient's emotions can switch from euphoric to dysphoric, and vice versa.

Vascular diseases of the brain

Operational disruptions circulatory system and blood vessels instantly affect a person’s mental state. When diseases associated with an increase or decrease in blood pressure, brain functions deviate from normal. Serious chronic disorders can lead to the development of extremely dangerous mental disorders, including:

1. Vascular dementia. This diagnosis means dementia. In their symptoms, vascular dementias resemble the consequences of some somatic disorders that manifest themselves in old age. Creative thought processes in this state almost completely fade away. The person withdraws into himself and loses the desire to maintain contact with anyone.
2. Cerebrovascular psychoses. The genesis of mental disorders of this type is not fully understood. At the same time, medicine confidently names two types of cerebrovascular psychosis: acute and prolonged. Acute form expressed by episodes of confusion, twilight gloom consciousness, delirium. A protracted form of psychosis is characterized by a state of stupefaction.

What are the types of mental disorders?

Mental disorders can occur in people regardless of gender, age and ethnicity. The mechanisms of development of mental illness are not fully understood, so medicine refrains from making specific statements. However, at the moment, the relationship between some mental illnesses and age has been clearly established. Each age has its own common deviations.

In older people

In old age, against the background of diseases such as diabetes, heart/renal failure and bronchial asthma Many mental disorders develop. Senile mental illnesses include:

• paranoia;
• dementia;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• marasmus;
• Pick's disease.

Types of mental disorders in adolescents

Adolescent mental illness is often associated with adverse circumstances in the past. Over the past 10 years, the following mental disorders have often been recorded in young people:

• prolonged depression;
• bulimia nervosa;
• anorexia nervosa;
• drankorexia.

Features of diseases in children

IN childhood Serious mental disorders may also occur. The reason for this, as a rule, is problems in the family, incorrect methods of education and conflicts with peers. The list below contains mental disorders that are most often recorded in children:

• autism;
• Down syndrome;
• attention deficit disorder;
• mental retardation;
• developmental delays.

Which doctor should I contact for treatment?

Mental disorders cannot be treated on their own, therefore, if there is the slightest suspicion of mental disorders, an urgent visit to a psychotherapist is required. A conversation between the patient and a specialist will help quickly identify the diagnosis and choose effective treatment tactics. Almost all mental illnesses are treatable if treated early. Remember this and do not delay!

Video about mental health treatment

The video attached below contains a lot of information about modern methods of combating mental disorders. The information received will be useful for everyone who is ready to take care of mental health your loved ones. Listen to the words of experts to destroy stereotypes about inadequate approaches to combating mental disorders and learn the real medical truth.

Asthenia is a whole complex of disorders that characterize initial stage mental disorder. The patient begins to quickly get tired and exhausted. Performance decreases. There is general lethargy, weakness, and mood becomes unstable. Frequent headaches, sleep disturbances and a constant feeling of fatigue require detailed consideration. It is worth noting that asthenia is not always the main sign of a mental disorder and rather refers to a nonspecific symptom, as it can also occur with somatic diseases.

Suicidal thoughts or actions are a reason for emergency hospitalization of the patient in a psychiatric clinic.

A state of obsession. The patient begins to have special thoughts that cannot be gotten rid of. Feelings of fear, depression, uncertainty and doubt increase. The state of obsession may be accompanied by certain rhythmic actions, movements and rituals. Some patients wash their hands thoroughly and for a long time, others repeatedly check whether the door is closed, the lights are turned off, the iron is turned off, etc.

Affective syndrome is the most common first sign of a mental disorder, which is accompanied by persistent changes in mood. Most often, the patient has a depressed mood with a depressive episode, much less often - mania, accompanied by an elevated mood. At effective treatment mental disorder depression or mania disappears last. On the background affective disorder there is a decrease. The patient has difficulty making decisions. In addition, depression is accompanied by a number of somatic symptoms: indigestion, feeling hot or cold, nausea, heartburn, belching.

If the affective syndrome is accompanied by mania, the patient has an elevated mood. The pace of mental activity accelerates many times over, and you spend a minimum of time on sleep. Excess energy can be replaced by severe apathy and drowsiness.

Dementia – last stage mental disorder, which is accompanied by a persistent decline in intellectual functions and dementia.

Hypochondria, tactile and visual hallucinations, delusions, substance abuse - all this accompanies mental illness. Close relatives of the patient do not always immediately understand