What oral medications are taken for pneumonia. Description of modern drugs for lung cancer

Today, the range of drugs used in the treatment of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract is quite wide. It is not possible to consider them all within the framework of one article. We list the main medications for the bronchi and lungs:

• Bronchodilators (anticholinergics, methylxanthines, β2-agonists).
• Mucolytics (Ambroxol, Acetylcysteine, Carbocysteine, etc.).
• Medicines that suppress cough (Sinekod, Panatus, Butamirat).

For treatment to be effective, medications for the lungs and bronchi must be prescribed exclusively by a highly qualified specialist.

Bronchodilators

According to medical terminology, bronchodilators are drugs that can relieve bronchospasm and improve lung ventilation. Mainly bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are indications for their use. In some cases, used to treat patients with acute bronchitis. Features of bronchodilator therapy:

• Preference is given to inhaled drugs.
• When choosing a medication, it is necessary to take into account the availability, individual sensitivity of patients to the effects of bronchodilators and the lack of adverse reactions.
• Despite their effectiveness in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, methylxanthines (Euphylline, Theophylline, Theobromine, etc.) are considered second-line drugs because they have high risk occurrence of adverse reactions.
• The severity of the disease determines the tactics of using bronchodilators. For example, regular use of bronchodilators is indicated for severe course bronchial asthma or COPD.
• To increase efficiency and reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions, several bronchodilators are often combined.

There are several various groups medicines, which have a bronchodilator effect. The following may be prescribed as bronchodilators:

• Anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide, Atroventa, tiotropium bromide).
• Methylxanthines (euphylline, theophylline, Teopeca).
• β2-agonists (Fenoterol, Salbutamol, Formoterol).

Most bronchodilators for the lungs and bronchi are administered using metered dose inhalers.

Anticholinergics

One of the most commonly used drugs from the group of inhaled anticholinergics, blocking M-cholinergic receptors located in the smooth muscle tissue bronchi, ipratropium bromide is considered. It is characterized by good tolerability, effectiveness and safety during long-term use. It is worth noting that prolonged use does not lead to a decrease therapeutic effect(tachyphylaxis). In addition, there is no cardiotoxic effect. Simply put, it does not cause heart problems. With age, there is no decrease in the sensitivity of M-cholinergic receptors to the action of this drug. They can be treated freely as long as clinical manifestations diseases cause significant discomfort to the patient.

The medicine lasts for 4–6 hours. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out repeated inhalations every 4 hours, which makes it difficult to control the patient’s condition at night and in the early hours. morning hours. It should be noted that the first trimester of pregnancy is an absolute contraindication for the use of ipratropium bromide and its analogues. In more late dates During pregnancy, the attending physician decides on the advisability of its use, taking into account the potential benefits and possible risks.

Representatives of the new generation of inhaled anticholinergics include tiotropium bromide, which is also marketed under the trade name Spiriva. What are the advantages and features of application:

• It has high selectivity, acting exclusively on M3 cholinergic receptors, which results in a more pronounced and long-lasting effect.
• It begins to act almost immediately, reaching maximum effect after 30 minutes.
• The therapeutic effect after a single inhalation lasts for 24 hours.
• Long-term use (8 months or more) does not affect the duration of the bronchodilator effect of the drug.
• Long-term treatment optimizes bronchial obstruction, promotes regression of respiratory manifestations of the disease (shortness of breath, difficulty breathing) and significantly improves the patient’s quality of life.
• Clinical studies show that patients who take tiotropium bromide long-term do not suffer from shortness of breath during age-appropriate moderate exercise.
• It has been established that Spiriva is superior to ipratropium bromide in the main indicators of therapeutic effectiveness.
• Adverse reactions are, as a rule, minimal and quite rare, which is a significant advantage of long-acting anticholinergics that have a long-lasting effect.

Methylxanthines

Despite their effectiveness in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, methylxanthines are now considered as reserve drugs. They have a fairly high risk of developing various types of adverse reactions. As a rule, they are used if other types of bronchodilator drugs do not adequately control the clinical manifestations of the disease. In addition, methylxanthines can be prescribed to patients for whom inhaled medications are unavailable for some reason.

Short courses of theophylline over 2–3 months improve symptoms. But it is very cumbersome to use, since during bronchodilator therapy it is necessary to regularly determine the level of theophylline concentration in the blood. Increasing concentrations above therapeutic levels may result in serious adverse reactions. However, it has a number of extrapulmonary effects:

• Improves peripheral ventilation.
• Normalizes the function of the diaphragm.
• It has a positive effect on mucociliary clearance, which provides local protection of the respiratory mucosa from various pathogenic factors, including infectious agents.
• Reduces pressure in the pulmonary artery.
• Increases physical performance.

Uncontrolled use of drugs for the lungs and bronchi often leads to serious consequences.

β2-agonists

Today, not a single therapeutic course of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is complete without the use of β2-agonists, such as Salbutamol, Fenoterol, Serevent, Formoterol, etc. This group of drugs is characterized by a rapid onset of bronchodilator effect (about 5 minutes) and a sufficient duration of action , which is observed for 5–6 hours. However, they are considered short-acting drugs, and repeated inhalations must be carried out on average up to 4 times a day. The use of drugs is usually carried out using inhalers, but injections (injections) are also possible to eliminate severe attacks bronchospasm.

Long-acting, highly selective β2-agonists Salmeterol and Formoterol are especially popular in the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. What are the features of their use:

• Valid for 12 hours.
• The optimal mode of use is twice a day, which helps prevent attacks that occur at night and early in the morning.
• The effect of Salmeterol begins to appear half an hour after inhalation.
• Formoterol relieves an attack within a few minutes after application.
• These medications reduce the frequency of exacerbations and reduce the need for glucocorticosteroid drugs.
• Side effects may occur (heart pain, racing blood pressure, palpitations, arrhythmia, irritability, headaches, nausea, weakness, etc.).

Combination treatment, combining the use of β2-agonists and anticholinergics, is more effective in improving bronchial patency compared to monotherapy. Widely used combination drugs. For example, Berodual, which contains ipratropium bromide and Fenoterol. However, it should be noted that for regular treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, it is preferable to prescribe anticholinergics rather than β2-agonists.

Bronchodilator medications for the lungs and bronchi are available by prescription.

Mucolytics

Mucolytic drugs are used to thin mucus and facilitate expectoration. The most common expectorants are:

As a mucolytic for treatment various diseases organs respiratory system Ambroxol and its analogues are successfully used. In addition to its main effect of thinning mucus and improving expectoration, it also increases the concentration of antibacterial drugs in the lung tissue. In addition, it increases the synthesis of surfactant, preventing the penetration of infection.

Recent clinical studies show that Ambroxol has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It does not have a harmful effect on the development of the fetus, so it can be prescribed to pregnant women. Available in tablet form. On average, the therapeutic course is 1 week. Side effects may include nausea, headaches, dry mouth, allergies, etc. It cannot be combined with antitussive drugs, as there will be an accumulation of sputum in the bronchi.

Another commonly prescribed mucolytic agent is Acetylcysteine, which is better known under the trade name ACC. This drug directly affects the molecular structure of sputum, changing its viscosity and making it easier to cough up. Efficiency is manifested in any type of sputum (mucous, purulent, etc.). It is also characterized by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Domestic produced acetylcysteine ​​is available in tablet form. It can be taken for six months. If necessary, use a solution of the drug for rinsing bronchial tree. It has been noted that during long-term therapy it helps reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Side effects are mainly from digestive system(nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.). Hypersensitivity reactions, manifested by urticaria and bronchospasm, are possible.

It is strongly not recommended to take medications for the lungs and bronchi without prior consultation with a specialist.

Cough suppressants

These medicines often used for painful debilitating cough. Currently, Sinekod, which is an antitussive drug with a central mechanism of action, is widely popular. Its active ingredient butamirate citrate selectively affects the cough center without causing respiratory depression. The drug can be purchased in the form of drops and syrup for children and adults. Which pharmacological properties characteristic:

• Successfully provides cough suppression.
• Has a bronchodilator effect.
• Makes breathing easier.
• Helps reduce airway resistance.
• Does not exhibit central analgesic (pain-relieving) effect.

When taken orally, absorption of Sinekod occurs quite quickly and in full. The maximum concentration level is recorded 90 minutes after application. The antitussive effect is observed after half an hour and lasts for 6 hours. The majority of patients tolerate the drug well. Can be prescribed to children from 2 months and older patients. Negative Impact does not affect the organs of the digestive system. Absent sedative effect. Contraindicated on early stages pregnancy.

If you need to quickly cope with a non-productive, extremely intense cough that significantly worsens the patient’s general condition, purchase Sinekod. However, it should be noted that it cannot be combined with mucolytic and expectorant drugs. This leads to excessive accumulation of sputum in the lower respiratory tract, the development of bronchospasm and infectious pathology. If you don't have Sinecode, you can purchase similar tablets for cough in the lungs at an affordable price.

Description of modern drugs for lung cancer

Medical technology is constantly evolving towards the creation of drugs for lung cancer. In Russia it is current problem, since pathology occupies a leading position in mortality among men from cancer.

Drug treatment is prescribed in two cases: small cell sarcoma, the last stage of non-small cell pathology.

About the disease

Lung oncology is a malignant neoplasm that forms in one or both parts of the lung paired organ. The main reason for degeneration normal cells and their uncontrolled division is considered to be the entry into the body of tobacco smoke, as well as some other chemicals.

Kinds oncological processes:

• non-small cell – characterized by a prolonged cough in the early stages;
• small cell – occurs in 25% of cases, is characterized by an aggressive course, rapid, almost asymptomatic development of metastases.

Read more about the disease and the reasons for its development in this video:

Preparations for injections

Avastin

One of the first drugs that prevents growth blood vessels. This stops supply nutrients and oxygen to malignant tissues. The oncological process moves from an aggressive stage to a chronic one.

Used in the treatment of lung cancer as an adjunct to chemotherapy.

• sensitivity to bevacizumab;
• kidney and liver problems;
• childhood;
• pregnancy and lactation.

There is a possible risk of developing intestinal perforation, hemorrhage, loss of visual acuity, arterial hypertension and thromboembolism.

Available in the form of a concentrate for preparing a solution. Introduced by drip intravenously. The dosage depends on the patient’s weight and the method of therapy. The cost of 1 bottle with a dosage of 100 mg/4 ml rubles.

Taxotere

The drug has a cytostatic, antitumor effect. Created based on plants. The action is the accumulation of tubulin, which disrupts the process of division of cancer particles. Effective for non-small cell lung cancer. The medicine can be combined with other drugs.

• sensitivity to docetaxel;
• severe liver problems;
• childhood.

Possible adverse reactions in the form of infections, allergies, loss of nails, skin rashes, stomatitis, nausea, taste disturbances, muscle weakness, heart failure, shortness of breath, swelling throughout the body.

The vial may contain 20, 80, 160 mg of docetaxel in the form of a concentrate. The cost is 20 mgrubles.

Doxorubicin

The medicine has antibacterial and antitumor effects. It was isolated from a fungal culture. It has a negative effect on the DNA of malignant cells. Used for small cell lung pathology. It can be introduced into the body intravenously or intra-arterially.

• sensitivity to one of the components;
• kidney problems (severe);
• acute viral infections;
• arrhythmia;
• cystitis and bladder infections.

The drug leads to a large number of adverse reactions from hematopoiesis, digestion, blood circulation, vision, skin, urinary and nervous systems.

Available in bottles of 5, 25, 50 ml. average cost 550 rubles.

This article lists the signs of lung cancer in men.

Carboplatin

Antitumor substance. Used for lung cancer. The dosage depends on the type of treatment and the condition of the body. The substance is administered by injection.

• sensitivity to carboplatin;
• kidney pathology;
• significant recent blood loss;
• pregnancy, lactation;
• childhood.

The main side effects of a drug containing platinum include problems with hearing and vision.

The drug is available in the form of a concentrate of 5, 15, 45, 75 ml. Average cost rubles.

Pills

Therapy of lung cancer with tablets is often carried out in combination with chemotherapy, although they can be used independently. Each drug has its own characteristics in dosage, contraindications, and side effects.

Erlotinib

An antitumor agent can inhibit the growth of malignant particles and also has an effect on normal cells.

During treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, 1 tablet per day is required. The effectiveness of treatment is 2 times higher than with chemotherapy.

• sensitivity to erlotinib;
• disorders of the liver and kidneys (severe forms);
• pregnancy and feeding;
• childhood.

Most often these appear side effects such as diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea, skin rashes, shortness of breath, infections, fatigue, depression.

Under trade name Tarceva 30 tablets of 150 mg cost rubles.

Afatinib

The substance is classified as antitumor. It is a potent irreversible growth factor receptor blocker. malignant neoplasms. Used for non-small cell lung cancer. The recommended dose is 40 mg once a day, maximum dose 50 mg per day.

Contraindications are related to sensitivity to afatinib, childhood, pregnancy and lactation, and liver problems.

• taste disturbance;
• conjunctivitis;
• nose bleed;
• stomatitis;
• diarrhea;
• skin rash;
• changes in the nails and inflammation of the soft tissue around;
• decreased appetite.

The cost is 30 tablets of 40 mg called Giotrifrubley.

Crizotinib

The main active ingredient is a selective low-molecular inhibitor. It is used for common non-small cell lung cancer. Capsules must be swallowed whole.

Take 1 capsule per day in two stages. Treatment is designed for a long period as long as it has a positive effect.

Contraindications for use are the same as for previous drugs.

Free legal advice:

Side effects (most common):

• nausea;
• vision problems;
• diarrhea or constipation;
• swelling;
• pain in joints, chest;
• multiple cysts on the kidneys.

Available in the form of Xalkori capsules, the cost is 60 pieces, 250 mg each.

Ceritinib

The drug is marketed under the brand name Zikadia. The main substance slows down the growth of pathological particles and blocks the mutagenic protein in them. It is used for non-small cell lung pathology with multiple metastases. Take 5 capsules once a day. The medicine must be swallowed whole with water.

The drug does not combine well with many antitumor and antiviral substances and antibiotics.

Contraindications are related to sensitivity to the active substance, childhood, pregnancy and lactation.

The cost of 150 capsules of 150 mg is on average rubles.

In the comments to this article, reviews about the results of chemotherapy for lung cancer.

Cyclophosphamide

The substance disrupts the stability of cell DNA. It begins to act when it gets into malignant tumor. Used for small cell lung pathology. The drug can be administered in different ways, including through the oral cavity. Treatment regimens vary greatly.

• anemia;
• extreme degree of exhaustion;
• serious condition due to liver, kidney, and heart disease.

Side effects similar to chemotherapy, such as vomiting, hair loss, dizziness. The cost of 50 tablets is 1700 rubles.

Prednisolone

The substance is characterized by an anti-inflammatory effect. It is used for diseases of the respiratory system, including malignant ones. The doctor prescribes the dosage individually.

Contraindications for use are associated with sensitivity to the main component and the presence of a fungal infection.

• decreased tolerance to glucose;
• nausea;
• bradycardia;
• hallucinations;
• convulsions;
• vision problems;
• osteoporosis.

The cost of 100 tablets of 5 mg, produced in Romania, is 110 rubles.

Hydroxyurea

The substance is an antimetabolite. Reduces size at the molecular level malignant formation, stops its growth. It is used when it is impossible to treat lung cancer surgically.

The dosage is prescribed individually by the doctor. The capsule is swallowed whole or its contents are dissolved in water and drunk.

Contraindications for use are sensitivity to the main component, thrombocytopenia, pregnancy and lactation.

• drowsiness;
• dizziness;
• anemia;
• pulmonary edema;
• stomatitis;
• problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
• problems with urination;
• brittle nails and hair.

The average cost of 100 capsules is 500 mg.

Prednisolone-Darnitsa

The drug is an analogue of hydrocortisone. Effects:

• anti-inflammatory;
• antiallergic;
• immunosuppressive;
• anti-shock.

It has the same properties as Prednisolone from other manufacturers. The cost of 5 mg tablets is 130 rubles.

Experimental methods

Absolutely nothing has yet been created for the treatment of oncological processes in the lungs. effective methods. Many therapies are under development, but because lung cancer often progresses very quickly and aggressively, patients are offered experimental methods.

Medicine PD173074

The drug is at the stage of testing its effectiveness. It prevents the formation of blood vessels around malignant tumors. Experiments in test tubes gave positive results. Experiments on mice confirmed the effectiveness of the drug. In the future, it could be used in humans. The substance is administered orally.

Anti-cancer diet Linomel

The anti-cancer diet was developed by German biochemist Joanna Budwig. The scientist spent about 30 years researching the problem of cancer in its final stages and came to the conclusion about the need for proper nutrition.

The research results were quite successful. The diet led to a reduction in the tumor, and the patients felt better. Today the diet is recognized throughout the world, it is used in countries Western Europe as a treatment for oncology and other diseases.

The basis of the diet is to eat at least 100 grams of freshly prepared low-fat cottage cheese and 5 grams of cold-pressed flax oil daily. The technique was patented under the name Linomel. Quantity linseed oil varies depending on the degree of the disease - the more advanced the form of cancer, the more oil you need to take.

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Cleaning the lungs with pharmaceutical drugs - a review of expectorants

The lungs provide the respiratory process. Their normal functioning guarantees quality breathing. But in modern world, where tobacco smoke, smog, industrial gases, pathogenic microorganisms become commonplace, there is a need to clean the bronchopulmonary system. Alternative medicine specialists recommend using pharmaceutical drugs to cleanse the lungs and restore respiratory function.

The principle of action of the drugs

Secretomotor (expectorant) and secretolytic (sputum thinning) drugs are used for cleansing purposes. They perform two functions: the first is the dilution and removal of stagnant mucus, the second is the fight against inflammatory and infectious processes in the bronchi and lungs.

In order to understand the principle of action of drugs, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the mechanism of respiratory contamination.

Toxic substances from the air settle on the walls of the bronchi and in the parenchyma of the lungs, causing a disorder in their function. The lungs, trying to get rid of foreign particles, trigger the formation of protective mucus - a biological mixture of blood plasma and antibodies. Mucus neutralizes harmful substances, transporting them out. But in conditions of an excess of toxins, it cannot cope with its protective function. As a result, sputum stagnates in the lungs, forming foci of inflammation and infection.

In such conditions, the body requires outside help. It is provided by medications. They stimulate the removal of mucus with all toxic components, while simultaneously exerting an antiviral and bactericidal effect on microorganisms living in respiratory bronchioles and adjacent areas of the pulmonary parenchyma.

Classification of mucolytic and expectorant drugs

The pharmacy range of secretolytic and secretomotor drugs is huge in our time. Most of them can be used to cleanse the lungs. The Russian Medicines Register classifies medicines in accordance with active substance:

Ambroxol

It dilutes tracheobronchial secretions, improves the function of external respiration, and promotes the effective release of mucus through physiological means. Most known drugs with ambroxol: Ambrobene, Ambrolan, Ambrosan, Ambroxol, Bronhoxol, Lazolvan, Lazongin, Mucobron, Neo-Bronchol, Flavamed, etc.

Bromhexine

It has a pronounced expectorant effect by stimulating mucus production and reducing its viscosity. Representatives of this class of drugs: Bromhexine, Bromhexine hydrochloride, Bronchostop, Bronchotil, Solvin, Phlegamine, etc.

Acetylcysteine

Reduces the viscosity of sputum, facilitating its separation; activates detoxification processes and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Among the drugs with acetylcysteine: N-acetylcysteine, Acestine, Acetylcysteine, ACC, Mukobene, Mucomist, Fluimucil, Exomyuk 200, etc.

Carbocisteine

Changes the chemical characteristics of bronchial secretions, dilutes it, increases its volume and removes it out. The list of products with this active ingredient includes Carbocysteine, Bronkatar, Bronchobos, Libexin Muco, Mucodin, Mukosol, Fluditek, etc.

Guaifenesin

Reduces viscosity and increases volume bronchial mucus, facilitating its removal. Among the prominent representatives of this class of drugs are Coldrex Broncho and Tussin.

Ivy, plantain, licorice, marshmallow and other herbal ingredients

The wide list of herbal preparations includes: Mucaltin, Alteyka, Doctor Theiss Anise oil, Bronchicum, Doctor Theiss syrup with plantain, Doctor Mom, Gedelix, Herbion ivy syrup, Herbion plantain syrup, Pectosol, Prospan, Licorice root syrup, Pine buds, Travisil, Doctor Theiss Bronchosept, etc.

Characteristics of the most popular drugs for cleansing the lungs

All of the above drugs, to a greater or lesser extent, contribute to the healing of the lungs through their cleansing. Among the most purchased are Lazolvan, Mukaltin, Gedelix and ACC.

Mukaltin. An old, proven and, importantly, cheap herbal preparation. Contains polysaccharides from the marshmallow herb. It copes well with the removal of difficult to separate sputum by stimulating the production of bronchial secretions and the peristaltic activity of the respiratory bronchioles.

For cleansing purposes, Mucaltin is taken pomg (1-2 tablets) before meals 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is at least 14 days.

Lazolvan. A modern representative of the ambroxol group. Stimulates secretory and motor function respiratory tract, reduces the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its natural elimination.

To cleanse the lungs, 1 tablet 3 times a day can be used. Cleansing course – days.

Gedelix. Representative of the plant group of drugs. As active component contains ivy extract. Liquefies and removes mucus, fights infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.

Gedelix is ​​taken drop by drop 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is at least 14 days.

ACC. Acetylcysteine ​​preparation. Has a wide spectrum of action. It has mucolytic, expectorant, pneumoprotective and antioxidant effect. Can be used to cleanse the lungs of smokers.

Take 2 tablets 3 times a day. The minimum duration of treatment is 14 days, the maximum is 1 month.

What is important to know

When choosing a medicine, it is important not to forget about contraindications. The instructions for use provide detailed information about them. Absolute contraindication to taking any medicine is intolerance to one or more of its components.

Chronic symptoms indicate the need to cleanse the lungs. paroxysmal cough, shortness of breath, feeling of incomplete inspiration, high susceptibility colds. But these same symptoms can be a consequence serious illnesses(bronchitis, pneumonia, heart failure, bronchial asthma). Therefore, before you start cleaning, visit your doctor and make sure that your bronchopulmonary system is in relative health.

Drugs that remove phlegm from the lungs are often used for colds and flu, and these diseases very often occur in adults and children with the onset of cold weather. Often data inflammatory diseases manifest themselves with weakness and body aches, fever, sore throat, as well as a runny nose and severe cough.

It is worth saying that cough can occur through certain time, or it begins almost immediately after infection, in this case it is simply necessary to take medications as quickly as possible that will help remove mucus from the lungs and also improve the patient’s well-being.

Cough is divided into two types, the first most often manifests itself in initial stage disease, it will be dry and tearing at the throat, a wet cough with sputum production occurs only at the end of treatment. In each case, it is imperative to consult a doctor, since cough tablets can only be taken if they have been prescribed to the patient by a doctor.

Why are mucolytics used for coughs?

Today, doctors often prescribe to their patients drugs that are made on the basis of cysteine; they most effectively help remove mucus from the bronchi, as well as eliminate annoying cough. The fact is that the product acts on the sputum itself; if the mucus is too viscous, then the components break the protein bonds in its composition, thereby helping to make the substance more liquid, helping to remove it. In this case with sputum lungs it will be much easier to cope with, because the soft and liquid substance is separated much easier, and if the elimination of the substance is accelerated, the patient will quickly recover.

Well, if we consider the theory of some scientists, then almost any liquid that is ingested can lead to liquefaction of sputum, for this reason it is so important to drink as much warm liquid as possible during illness. When a dry cough occurs, the doctor recommends drinking milk with added butter or honey to soften the mucous membranes of the throat. It is often recommended to add a little to the milk. goat fat, this substance perfectly helps to liquefy mucus and remove it from the lungs.

The advantage of mucolytic drugs is that they help turn a dry cough into a wet one, making it possible to remove all excess from the bronchi.

In what cases can you take mucolytics?

This type of drug is prescribed exclusively if the patient has dry productive cough, if a person has already begun to produce sputum, then the use of these medications will lead to the patient’s sputum production increasing significantly; often patients simply choke on such sputum, since they cannot spit out the secreted mucus. But with a dry cough, the use of such a syrup or tablet will immediately help make the cough less severe and continuous, and when a person feels better, it will become much easier for phlegm to come out of the bronchi during a cough.

Over time, the sputum becomes more liquid, thus the separation of mucus occurs in a shorter period of time, and the inflammation process will begin to decrease; after a few days, coughing attacks will become less significant, after which they will gradually subside until full recovery sick. It is at the moment of sputum separation that it is necessary to stop using this drug and start using drugs based on other substances.

Drugs for adults

For adults, there is a certain list of drugs that help thin mucus and then remove it from the lungs in the shortest possible time, while the drugs themselves are produced in various forms, it can be sweet syrup or tablets. You should not prescribe the medicine yourself, since only a doctor can assess the patient’s health condition and also take into account its tolerability various medications and age. Some older people find it very difficult to take pills, as they can be difficult to swallow; in this case, the doctor should prescribe the use of the drug in syrup form.

Codelac . If you need to quickly remove phlegm, you should use this remedy to improve well-being and remove mucus from the bronchi; it is prescribed for adults and children from two and a half years old. In this drug you can see a lot of useful components, starting from various herbs and plant roots, ending with codeine, which is a wonderful antitussive substance. This drug helps to easily suppress a cough, but medicinal herbs and decoctions help make sputum less viscous, thereby making it easier to cough up mucus from the bronchi.

Unfortunately, this popular remedy has certain disadvantages, for example, it quickly becomes highly addictive, for this reason it is prohibited to take it for a long time. The list of contraindications also includes the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding, but that’s not all, since for some chronic diseases it is strictly prohibited to take the drug as a treatment.

ACC. This drug is also considered very effective, and also popular in our time; many doctors prescribe this remedy for dry coughs to make sputum less viscous, and also to reduce attacks of suffocating cough. Many people prefer to buy ACC in powder form, since the medicine can be dissolved in hot water and drink, the drink tastes good and also relieves unpleasant symptoms. A plus is the fact that this product is allowed to be used by adults and children after one year of age.

Lazolvan . Although this remedy has shown itself to be very effective in the treatment of reproductive cough, it is still worth mentioning right away about a whole list of side effects and contraindications for use. The medicine perfectly helps relieve spasms and attacks of suffocation from coughing, which has earned great popularity, as it has an effect after the first use. After using the product, the olvioles of the lungs quickly unfold, this is noticeable, as it becomes much easier for the patient to breathe.

This drug is available in the form of syrup or liquid for intravenous administration, but I would like to clarify that this product has whole line analogues, for example, you can use Brombexin, Ambrobene or Ambroxol; Broncholitin has the same effect.

It is very important to understand what to take different drugs with a similar composition at the same time is strictly prohibited, this can lead not only to side effects, but will also cause an overdose of the main components of the drug.

For this reason, it is so important to get a doctor's opinion before prescribing a particular cough remedy, especially when treating a cough in a child.

Children's drugs

Medicines that thin sputum when coughing in children must be prescribed with the help of a doctor’s consultation, since a specialist will be able to accurately determine the type of cough and then prescribe the necessary drugs for its treatment. Most often in childhood Doctors are trying to prescribe milder medications for the baby. plant based, Pertusin, Prospan or Mucaltin performed well, although today there are also some types of syrups that are based on natural herbs, they are allowed to be given to children with early age. Still, even more natural species syrups cannot be called completely harmless to the baby’s body; in any case, each medicine can cause some harm during treatment.

The thing is that no one can say exactly how the child’s body will react to a new medicine that is used for treatment, because allergies or side effects may even be from natural ingredients. It’s not uncommon that even such simple medications can cause an allergic reaction and a rash all over the baby’s body; in some cases, children experience severe stomach upset, especially in those babies who have just begun to be introduced to complementary foods. For this reason, doctors are very wary of prescribing useful remedies for coughs, as they can bring more harm than good.

The younger the child is, the more difficult it is to prescribe for him correct treatment, and medications containing codeine are generally strictly prohibited for use by children under three years of age. For children, doctors prefer to prescribe less aggressive drugs; the ideal option would be herbal decoctions or various traditional methods treatments allowed in childhood.

Breastfeeding helps very well, milk with the addition of a small amount of honey also has a wonderful effect on the throat, it is worth trying inhalation methods with soda, as it eliminates dryness and softens the mucous membrane of the baby’s throat.

It is important to use a lot of warm drinks, it is useful to give the child warm milk, tea with the addition of raspberry jam, it will be no less useful alkaline water, different kinds not sour fruit drinks, because a large number of water renders positive influence to separate sputum from the lungs, and in childhood it will not be so easy to remove it. It is worthwhile to ventilate the baby’s room as often as possible, and also to humidify the room using any available means.

Types of mucolytics for children

Bromhexine 4 mg. This drug in tablets is approved for use only after six years of age; it helps enhance the effect of antibiotics if the child takes them, and can also enhance the effect of expectorants; this should be taken into account when prescribing the drug to a child. If the child is under six years old, then from two years of age it is allowed to inhale with a special solution of this drug.

ACC. ACC has proven itself to be excellent for children, and the drug up to two years of age is taken only if its dosage has been accurately calculated by the doctor; older children are allowed to use the drug in accordance with their age group. It has a good effect on very thick mucus, helping to make it more liquid so that the baby can cough up mucus without effort.

Ambrobene, Lazolvan, Ambroxol. If it is necessary to use drugs that dilute sputum, it is necessary to pay attention to these solutions; they are allowed to be used to treat cough in children over two years of age, and the syrups must be taken under the strict supervision of a doctor. Most often, they are used for no more than five days, and then it is necessary to change the medications to others so as not to cause addiction. They produce drugs in a convenient form of syrup or ether, since it is difficult for children to swallow drugs in the form of tablets, but syrups have a pleasant taste, which facilitates the treatment process.

Contraindications for use

Each product that thins sputum may have its own contraindications; most of them are strictly contraindicated for women carrying a child, as well as for nursing mothers. It is also important not to take this medicine if you have a productive cough, so as not to worsen your health. It is prohibited to use the drug if there is allergic reaction on the components, as well as if the patient has an individual intolerance to the components of this drug.

It is also important to take into account the patient’s age, since in childhood and adolescence some types of drugs are strictly prohibited; people with drug addiction will have to refrain from using codeine-based drugs.

Some types of mucolytics can enhance the effect of other drugs that the patient takes during the treatment of cough; it is very important to use such drugs under the supervision of a doctor if the patient has serious chronic diseases lungs and heart.

Possible side effects

Such drugs have their side effect quite rare, but there have still been cases when medications led to an allergic reaction; it is also important to take them carefully for people with heart and vascular problems, so as not to cause an exacerbation of certain diseases in a chronic condition. Since it contains many medicinal plants and esters, the use of syrups and tablets can lead to Quincke's edema or even anaphylactic shock.

Pneumonia as a disease accompanied by an infectious-inflammatory process in the lung tissue (alveoli and interstitium) necessarily requires the prescription of medications. The mortality rate from pneumonia without pharmacotherapy is many times higher than with adequate timely treatment.

From a doctor’s point of view, all clinical cases of pneumonia are divided into mild, medium degree and heavy. This division is associated with different patient management tactics depending on the severity of the disease.

Mild to moderate severity of pneumonia requires the use of oral medications. What drugs in the form of tablets, syrups, mixtures can treat pneumonia?

Mild pneumonia can be treated with oral forms of antibiotics: tablets, syrups in children. According to existing recommendations, the following can be prescribed as a first-line antibacterial drug per os:

1. Amoxicillin + clavulanate (trade names “Amoxiclav”, “Augmentin”).
2. Azithromycin (“Sumamed”, “Azitrox”, “Azimed”).
3. Clarithromycin (“Klacid”, “Fromilid”).
4. Roxithromycin (“Roxibid”, “Rulid”).

Approximate prescription regimens for adults and children are given in the table below.

Other antibiotics, which are produced in the form of tablets and syrups, are prescribed after determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to them or as a result of the ineffectiveness of empirical therapy within 3 days. They are also called reserve antibiotics. These include:

• Sparfloxacin (trade name "Sparflo");
• Levofloxacin (“Tavanik”, “Levoflox”, “Levostar”);
• Moxifloxacin (“Avelox”, “Plevilox”, “Moximac”);
• Doxycycline (“Unidox Solutab”);
• Cefixime (Suprax);
• Ceftibuten ("Cedex");

First three antibacterial agents for pneumonia you should not drink until you are 18 years old; doxycycline is not recommended for children under 8 years old.

Approximate treatment regimens are given in the table below.

I would like to focus attention on the fact that antibacterial therapy, be it oral or injectable, must be prescribed by the attending physician (in a government institution or in a private medical center) in accordance with the present disease and existing concomitant pathologies.

You should never take antibiotics on your own due to the rapid development of insensitivity pathogenic flora to already existing drugs. Currently it is one of the most global problems in medicine.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Important symptomatic drugs are drugs from the NSAID group. The need for their use in children and adults is due to severe intoxication syndrome: high temperature, fever and chills. In children and adults, different anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs may be recommended (see table below).

The duration of use of drugs for pneumonia, regardless of age, is no more than 5 days.

We should not forget about negative impact this group of anti-inflammatory drugs gastrointestinal tract Therefore, in the presence of gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcers in adults, it is better to prefer nimesulide in combination with omeprazole.

To enhance the antipyretic effect, especially in “white fever” accompanied by peripheral vasospasm, combinations of NSAIDs with drugs from other groups are used: antihistamines and antispasmodics.

In children, the combination most often looks like this: ibuprofen (paracetamol) + no-spa + suprastin (fenistil). All components are prescribed in tablet or liquid form.

Adults are usually prescribed a combination of “analgin + diphenhydramine + no-spa (papaverine).” All components are administered, as a rule, intramuscularly.

Anti-cough drugs affect the pathogenetic link of pneumonia. The mechanisms of action of cough medications used for pneumonia are different and often consist of expectorant, mucolytic and mucokinetic effects (dissolution and dilution of sputum, facilitating its removal).

Medicines that suppress the cough reflex acute inflammation lungs are not used. As additional effects Some anti-cough drugs can be called a function of regulating the production of sputum and metabolism in the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract.

The main antitussives and their prescription regimens are given in the table below.

Drug treatment of wet cough largely depends on its following characteristics:

1. Intensity and frequency of attacks.
2. The presence of concomitant chronic pathologies of the respiratory system, especially bronchial obstruction.
3. The nature and degree of viscosity of sputum, the ease of its discharge.

In the presence of viscous glassy sputum, which is difficult to clear and causes prolonged (more than 15 minutes) coughing attacks, ambroxol is usually recommended in the form of inhalation through a nebulizer. A moderate cough with a small amount of light-colored sputum can be treated with ambroxol in tablet form and herbal cough syrups.

Acetylcysteine, as studies show, is good to drink for patients with purulent secretions, as it can also dilute pus (the drug of choice). However, it is contraindicated before the age of two. In addition, in some adults with concomitant bronchial asthma, acetylcysteine ​​may cause increased spasm.

In patients with COPD (due to asthma or bronchitis), bronchiectasis, the administration of carbocisteine ​​and erdosteine ​​is indicated. These drugs, in addition to liquefying and dissolving sputum and bronchial secretions, help normalize the function of the epithelium.

In connection with the above, as a first first aid in children and adults with a wet cough, herbal syrups can be used, as well as inhalation through a nebulizer with saline solution or alkaline mineral water (in the absence of problems with the gastrointestinal tract and intolerance).

Additionally, it is necessary to create optimal humidity in the room (60-70%) and ensure ventilation and air flow. fresh air. You do not need to take any other medications before being examined by a doctor.

Bronchodilators are also sometimes prescribed for complex treatment pneumonia. For what purpose is this being done?

This group of drugs can be used in the following cases:

1. The patient's course of pneumonia is accompanied by broncho-obstructive syndrome. Most often this can be observed in young children (up to 3 years old) or in a person of any age against the background of a predisposition to bronchial hyperreactivity (allergy sufferers, asthmatics, occupational hazard in the form of dust, chlorine, smoking).
2. The patient already has a chronic pathology of the bronchial tree in the form of asthma, obstructive bronchitis.

The attending physician can diagnose such conditions based on examination and auscultation of the patient. Usually, with bronchial obstruction, severe shortness of breath occurs with difficulty exhaling, wheezing that accompanies exhalation resembles whistling and hissing (as if air is passing through a narrow pipe). In essence, this is how it is.

From the extensive list of drugs in this group for pneumonia with bronchial obstruction, the following may be recommended:

1. "Berodual" (ipratropium bromide + fenoterol) is the drug of choice.
2. Fenoterol (Berotec).
3. "Salbutamol."
4. "Eufillin" - rare.
5. "Theophylline" - rare.

The method of administration is usually through a nebulizer, very rarely in the form of tablets (Theophylline, Euphylline, Ascoril). These medications should also be prescribed by a doctor; under no circumstances should they be used independently.

Antiviral pharmacotherapy

Antiviral therapy for pneumonia can be prescribed only if the involvement of a virus in the development of the disease has been proven, for example, influenza viruses, parainfluenza, MS, CMV. In any other cases, the use of antiviral drugs, especially arbidol, anaferon and the like, is not justified.

For influenza pneumonia, patient management tactics include specific drugs against the influenza virus: rimantadine, oseltamivir, interferons, depending on the severity of the condition.

For pneumonia, the development of which is associated with the generalization of CMV infection, the following are usually prescribed: antiviral drugs, such as Cytotect, Humaglobin and other nonspecific immunoglobulins, Ganciclovir, Foscarnet.

After prolonged smoking, a person has a desire to quickly cleanse his respiratory organs of carcinogens deposited with each cigarette smoked. Smokers who want to somehow neutralize the harm that comes from smoking think about the same thing. In this case, no drug will provide complete cleansing and restoration. But still, some remedies can bring some benefit.

Today, the problem of cleansing the lungs worries even people who have never smoked. The modern ecology of cities leaves much to be desired, so it is natural for everyone who cares about their health to protect themselves from the influence of smoking of others, exhaust gases, emissions from various factories, and other pollution factors. The selected methods will also suit such people.

For this, you can use current medications. As a rule, these are preparations based on herbal infusions. Other methods can also be used in combination with medications.

The lungs of a smoker, just like the lungs of a non-smoker, must be cleansed of accumulated harmful compounds. Statement that respiratory and leading healthy image lives are strikingly different in color - a myth. But this does not mean that the advertisement is lying about the dangers of smoking, it just exaggerates a little with the color of the lungs. In fact, various harmful substances enter the body of any resident of a big city.

It is necessary to cleanse the respiratory organs not only after quitting smoking, it is recommended to do this from time to time even for a person who has never been dependent on nicotine. Especially if he lives in an industrial area or in a metropolis.

Natural cleansing

The lungs cleanse themselves after quitting smoking. This process lasts quite a long time and can be accompanied by various symptoms. The most common of them is . With its help, organs separate deposits and remove them. But tolerating the syndrome is sometimes difficult, and sometimes harmful. Therefore, it is better to purchase some kind of drug during this period. Various additional methods and even folk remedies.

Popular medicines

There are many remedies for, and each drug acts according to a specific principle. We present the most popular:

• Ambroxol (Lazolvan). Reduces the level of mucus viscosity, stimulates the production of surfactant secretion. It is responsible for ensuring that the alveoli do not stick together and fall off. This, in turn, prevents the occurrence of accumulations of exudate in the bronchi - a cloudy mixture containing proteins, blood cells and other substances that are not needed in the respiratory organs. In addition, the drug improves tissue metabolism, enhances natural processes self-cleaning.
• Acetylcysteine ​​also makes sputum more liquid, removes toxins, and acts as an expectorant. Available in the form of a solution for inhalation, granules and effervescent tablets. This is enough strong drug, which is used by doctors for ARVI, for cleaning organs after operations and in many other cases. Before purchasing it, it is better to consult a specialist.
• Gedelix is ​​of plant origin. Pharmacological form- drops and syrup. Considered harmless and universal in terms of age category. The medicine will help both cleanse the respiratory system of a heavy smoker and cure various diseases at the baby. Makes sputum more liquid, increases the activity of the bronchi, and expands them. Drops and syrup have an anti-inflammatory effect and destroy bacteria.
• Preparations based on marshmallow root. The most famous of them is mukaltin. It is affordable and helps even with complex diseases. Liquefies sticky sputum, promotes its rapid elimination. Stimulates the functioning of the bronchi, but after very long smoking it may not be very effective.

Despite the fact that the drugs presented are created on the basis of natural ingredients, it is still better to consult a doctor before using them.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies will also help cleanse the respiratory system after using resins for a long time. Alone, separately from drugs, they are not so effective. But in combination with other measures they provide good support:

• Bay leaf. You can simply place a few leaves in each room. Their aroma will not be felt, but they will have a beneficial effect on health.
• Lemon, crushed in a meat grinder and mixed with honey (1:1 ratio) increases the volume and intensity of sputum discharge. Take one tablespoon before meals for 30 days.
• Infusion from pine buds helps remove mucus from respiratory organs. Preparation: tbsp. Pour 200 grams of boiling water over a spoonful of kidneys and wait at least 2 hours. Take 1/3 cup 2 times a day for 7 days.

The bath stimulates the body well. After visiting it, toxins and harmful substances are removed not only from the respiratory organs, but also from other body systems. In addition, in a classic Russian bath there is always the smell of herbs, which also have a healing effect on the respiratory system. You can visit the establishment once a week. It is worth remembering that it is contraindicated for those who have problems with the heart or cardiovascular system.

Other techniques

Cleanse your lungs after long-term use sport will help with nicotine and tar. You shouldn’t overload yourself, but you shouldn’t be lazy either.

Morning jogging and cardio training will help a lot. You can use home exercise equipment (this is even more useful in polluted air) - a treadmill, a rowing machine, a bicycle, a stepper. Physical activity of this kind stimulates blood flow and helps cleanse the respiratory system in a natural way.

Exists breathing exercises. It allows you to increase the volume of your lungs, quickly restore their natural elasticity, and stimulate work. various organs. Like sports, it is effective for cleansing the entire body of carcinogen breakdown products, which are also deposited under the skin and in blood vessels.

Pneumonia as a disease accompanied by an infectious-inflammatory process in the lung tissue (alveoli and interstitium) necessarily requires the prescription of medications. The mortality rate from pneumonia without pharmacotherapy is many times higher than with adequate timely treatment.

From a doctor’s point of view, all clinical cases of pneumonia are divided into mild, moderate and severe. This division is associated with different patient management tactics depending on the severity of the disease.

Mild to moderate severity of pneumonia requires the use of oral medications. What drugs in the form of tablets, syrups, mixtures can treat pneumonia?

Mild pneumonia can be treated with oral forms of antibiotics: tablets, syrups in children. According to existing recommendations, the following can be prescribed as a first-line antibacterial drug per os:

1. Amoxicillin + clavulanate (trade names “Amoxiclav”, “Augmentin”).
2. Azithromycin (“Sumamed”, “Azitrox”, “Azimed”).
3. Clarithromycin (“Klacid”, “Fromilid”).
4. Roxithromycin (“Roxibid”, “Rulid”).

Approximate prescription regimens for adults and children are given in the table below.

Other antibiotics, which are produced in the form of tablets and syrups, are prescribed after determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to them or as a result of the ineffectiveness of empirical therapy within 3 days. They are also called reserve antibiotics. These include:

• Sparfloxacin (trade name "Sparflo");
• Levofloxacin (“Tavanik”, “Levoflox”, “Levostar”);
• Moxifloxacin (“Avelox”, “Plevilox”, “Moximac”);
• Doxycycline (“Unidox Solutab”);
• Cefixime (Suprax);
• Ceftibuten ("Cedex");

The first three antibacterial drugs for pneumonia should not be taken until the age of 18; doxycycline is not recommended for children under 8 years of age.

Approximate treatment regimens are given in the table below.

I would like to focus on the fact that antibacterial therapy, whether oral or injectable, should be prescribed by the attending physician (in a government institution or in a private medical center) in accordance with the present disease and existing concomitant pathologies.

You should never take antibiotics on your own due to the rapid development of insensitivity of pathogenic flora to existing drugs. Currently, this is one of the most global problems in medicine.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Important symptomatic drugs are drugs from the NSAID group. The need for their use in children and adults is due to severe intoxication syndrome: high temperature, fever and chills. In children and adults, different anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs may be recommended (see table below).

The duration of use of drugs for pneumonia, regardless of age, is no more than 5 days.

We should not forget about the negative effect of this group of anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastrointestinal tract, therefore, in the presence of gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcers in adults, it is better to prefer nimesulide in combination with omeprazole.

To enhance the antipyretic effect, especially in “white fever” accompanied by peripheral vasospasm, combinations of NSAIDs with drugs from other groups are used: antihistamines and antispasmodics.

In children, the combination most often looks like this: ibuprofen (paracetamol) + no-spa + suprastin (fenistil). All components are prescribed in tablet or liquid form.

Adults are usually prescribed a combination of “analgin + diphenhydramine + no-spa (papaverine).” All components are administered, as a rule, intramuscularly.

Anti-cough drugs affect the pathogenetic link of pneumonia. The mechanisms of action of cough medications used for pneumonia are different and often consist of expectorant, mucolytic and mucokinetic effects (dissolution and dilution of sputum, facilitating its removal).

Medicines that inhibit the cough reflex are not used for acute pneumonia. Additional effects of some cough medications include the function of regulating sputum production and metabolism in the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract.

The main antitussives and their prescription regimens are given in the table below.

Drug treatment of wet cough largely depends on its following characteristics:

1. Intensity and frequency of attacks.
2. The presence of concomitant chronic pathologies of the respiratory system, especially bronchial obstruction.
3. The nature and degree of viscosity of sputum, the ease of its discharge.

In the presence of viscous glassy sputum, which is difficult to clear and causes prolonged (more than 15 minutes) coughing attacks, ambroxol is usually recommended in the form of inhalation through a nebulizer. A moderate cough with a small amount of light-colored sputum can be treated with ambroxol in tablet form and herbal cough syrups.

Acetylcysteine, as studies show, is good to drink for patients with purulent secretions, as it can also dilute pus (the drug of choice). However, it is contraindicated before the age of two. In addition, in some adults with concomitant bronchial asthma, acetylcysteine ​​may cause increased spasm.

In patients with COPD (due to asthma or bronchitis), bronchiectasis, the administration of carbocisteine ​​and erdosteine ​​is indicated. These drugs, in addition to liquefying and dissolving sputum and bronchial secretions, help normalize the function of the epithelium.

In connection with the above, herbal syrups, as well as inhalation through a nebulizer with saline solution or alkaline mineral water (in the absence of problems with the gastrointestinal tract and intolerance), can be used as first aid in children and adults with a wet cough.

Additionally, it is necessary to create optimal humidity in the room (60-70%) and ensure ventilation and fresh air flow. You do not need to take any other medications before being examined by a doctor.

Bronchodilators are also sometimes prescribed in the complex treatment of pneumonia. For what purpose is this being done?

This group of drugs can be used in the following cases:

1. The patient's course of pneumonia is accompanied by broncho-obstructive syndrome. Most often, this can be observed in young children (up to 3 years old) or in a person of any age against the background of a predisposition to bronchial hyperreactivity (allergy sufferers, asthmatics, occupational hazards in the form of dust, chlorine, smoking).
2. The patient already has a chronic pathology of the bronchial tree in the form of asthma, obstructive bronchitis.

The attending physician can diagnose such conditions based on examination and auscultation of the patient. Usually, with bronchial obstruction, severe shortness of breath occurs with difficulty exhaling, wheezing that accompanies exhalation resembles whistling and hissing (as if air is passing through a narrow pipe). In essence, this is how it is.

From the extensive list of drugs in this group for pneumonia with bronchial obstruction, the following may be recommended:

1. "Berodual" (ipratropium bromide + fenoterol) is the drug of choice.
2. Fenoterol (Berotec).
3. "Salbutamol."
4. "Eufillin" - rare.
5. "Theophylline" - rare.

The method of administration is usually through a nebulizer, very rarely in the form of tablets (Theophylline, Euphylline, Ascoril). These medications should also be prescribed by a doctor; under no circumstances should they be used independently.

Antiviral pharmacotherapy

Antiviral therapy for pneumonia can be prescribed only if the involvement of a virus in the development of the disease has been proven, for example, influenza viruses, parainfluenza, MS, CMV. In any other cases, the use of antiviral drugs, especially arbidol, anaferon and the like, is not justified.

For influenza pneumonia, patient management tactics include specific drugs against the influenza virus: rimantadine, oseltamivir, interferons, depending on the severity of the condition.

For pneumonia, the development of which is associated with the generalization of CMV infection, antiviral drugs such as Cytotect, Humaglobin and other nonspecific immunoglobulins, Ganciclovir, and Foscarnet are usually prescribed.