Male sterilization consequences. Male sterilization (vasectomy) has an unexpected effect

Male sterilization is called a vasectomy, an operation to cut the seminal ducts. After this procedure, the patient becomes infertile. Restoring fertility without additional interventions occurs extremely rarely, and with surgery - up to 50% of cases. The intervention is simple, does not require long rehabilitation, has minimal consequences, and does not affect sex life men. Requires his written consent.

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  What is a vasectomy?

  This operation is becoming an increasingly popular method of sterilization. In some countries men prefer it standard methods contraception after the birth of a sufficient number of children in the family.

  This is a voluntary operation, which is carried out exclusively with the written consent of the man. A vasectomy is also prescribed in the presence of serious genetic abnormalities that can be passed on to the child.

  It does not in any way affect hormonal background and the patient's erectile abilities.

  Difference from castration

  Many people confuse this method with complete surgical castration, so they are often prejudiced against the procedure. But these are two completely different methods.

  Surgical castration involves amputation of the testicles. Indications for the procedure are the consequences of injuries or different kinds pathologies, for example, cancer.

  The operation is irreversible, after which the functioning of the body changes. In a man’s body, all the hormones produced by the testicles disappear. After this, erection and sexual intercourse become impossible.

  Male castration is accompanied by some physiological changes: a decrease muscle mass, obesity, brittle bones.

  Vasectomy involves complete preservation of a man's sexual constitution. The essence of the intervention is to prevent sperm from entering the vas deferens and preventing fertilization of the partner. Since the volume of germ cells in the seed is small, after the operation the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the seminal fluid remain almost unchanged. A man has an active sex life, but cannot become a father.

  

  Indications for use

  Vasectomy is performed entirely voluntarily. If a man is not married, his consent is enough. If he has a wife, then her approval is also necessary. If the spouse is against it, the doctor may refuse surgery unless there are medical indications. These include: serious genetic diseases or a threat to the life of the partner during pregnancy.

  Vasectomy is optimal if there is negative reaction to other methods of contraception, for example, latex allergies.

  

  Process

  There are two main techniques. At traditional method An incision is made in the scrotum; non-traditional involves a puncture.

  In the first case, two small incisions are made and the vas deferens are divided. The operation requires local anesthesia. Once the substance is administered, it is useless. Only the injection itself is accompanied by unpleasant sensations.

  Vasectomy

  The wound is sutured with self-absorbing sutures, which eliminates the need for patients to remove stitches.

  The second method is dissection through punctures. It is not yet very popular, but is accompanied by less blood loss and discomfort. The consequences of the intervention are minimized.

  Postoperative period

  Regardless of the method of operation, anesthesia is performed the same. Therefore, it is necessary for someone to accompany the patient when returning home. It is not allowed to drive a car on this day. Within 3 days, general weakness and discomfort in the scrotum area are possible. With such symptoms, it is allowed to apply cold compresses or use a special bandage to support the scrotum.

  Pain medication may be prescribed and bed rest in the first few days. Load limitation is recommended.

  Puncture surgery has a less painful recovery period and takes from hours to days.

  Advantages and disadvantages of the procedure

  Like any intervention, a vasectomy has its pros and cons. The first include:

  • High guarantee of non-pregnancy. The chance of conceiving after the procedure is about 0.01% per year.
  • No effect on the quality of coitus and sexual desire.
  • Not required general anesthesia, short period rehabilitation.

  But despite this, the operation has a number of disadvantages. The main one is the irreversibility of the process. That is, there is almost a 100% chance that a man will remain infertile for the rest of his life. But there are circumstances in which the patient may regret the decision many years later.

  Other disadvantages include:

  • Discomfort during recovery period, accompanied by cuts and pain in the scrotum.
  • The need to use additional methods of contraception for 3 months after surgery.
  • Lack of protection from venereal diseases including HIV, hepatitis B and C.

  Preparation and consequences of the operation

  Conditions for prescribing a vasectomy:

  • consent to the operation;
  • the patient's age is at least 35 years;
  • having at least two children.

  The requirements may not be met if the operation is performed for medical reasons. Before a vasectomy, an examination and standard tests are required:

  • general blood and urine analysis;
  • research for AIDS, syphilis, viral hepatitis;

Nowadays, quite a lot of men decide to give up their ability to fertilize by undergoing sterilization surgery. This procedure is called a vasectomy - a voluntary operation to cut the vas deferens, which prevents sperm from entering the semen. There is no need to worry, the operation does not in any way affect the ability to have an erection or perform sexual intercourse, since sperm make up only a small part of the seminal fluid released during ejaculation. After a vasectomy, testosterone levels (the hormone responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics and sexual attraction) remains the same, that is, nothing changes in a man’s life except the ability to fertilize.

What is a vasectomy

Vasectomy is surgical intervention, which is most often carried out under local anesthesia. The operation can be performed by puncturing the scrotum or by dissecting its tissue (in the second case, the incision is made in the groin area). In any case, the vas deferens will have to be ligated on both sides. The suture material is absorbable, so stitches do not need to be removed after surgery. Spermatozoa stop entering the ejaculatory duct of the male genital organ, due to which sterilization occurs.

The procedure lasts only 20-30 minutes, and the patient can leave the hospital on the day of the vasectomy. But in order to prevent complications, it is advisable to remain in bed for a day after the operation.

IN male body after sterilization, no changes occur - testosterone continues to be produced in the same volume, sexual desire does not fade and erectile function is preserved. Mammary glands does not increase, hair in the chest area and on the face does not begin to fall out. After a vasectomy, even the amount of sperm changes slightly, because sperm in its composition make up only 5% of the total. total number ejaculate.

It is worth noting that after the operation you will need to use protection for up to 10 weeks. That is, there must be at least 15-20 ejaculations to clear the vas deferens of viable sperm. A special sperm analysis will help you find out when you can no longer use protection. Seminal fluid for research, they are obtained by masturbating into a condom. If there are no sperm in the seminal fluid, you can forget about protection.

After a vasectomy, the chance of conception is less than 0.5%. To schedule the operation, men must give voluntary consent, they must be at least 35 years old, and they must already have at least 2 children. In addition, sterilization can be prescribed to representatives of the stronger sex and in case of serious genetic diseases. For example, if a wife has health problems and pregnancy is dangerous for her, the husband can consent to the operation, even if the other two conditions are not met. In the absence of voluntary consent, the operation is not performed.

Before performing a vasectomy, it is necessary to undergo some examinations, take standard tests and provide forms with the results: blood for syphilis, general analysis blood and urine, blood for AIDS, hepatitis B and C, examination by a urologist, electrocardiogram, biochemical analysis blood, as well as a blood clotting test. Some individual appointments are also possible. It should be understood that sterilization is an operation, so all its consequences must be foreseen in advance. Next, the anesthesiologist and the patient discuss the type of anesthesia. Sometimes men want complete immersion in sleep and refuse local anesthesia. A vasectomy must be performed in a hospital setting. After the operation, the following complications may occur: bleeding from the sutures, hemorrhage in the scrotum, infection of the sutures and their suppuration, sharp temperature jump, swelling at the site of the operation, which does not subside within 4-7 days, and also does not go away strong pain in the scrotum area. If you have such symptoms, you should immediately consult a specialist.

Pros and cons of male sterilization

The main advantages of sterilization include the almost 100% effectiveness of this method of contraception, simplicity, safety and absolute reliability. In addition, vasectomy does not affect sexual desire, potency, the ability to have an orgasm or ejaculate. It is also worth noting that this procedure has a positive effect on biological age, in some countries it is even carried out for the purpose of rejuvenation, which is mainly due to an increase in hormonal activity of the testes after surgery.

However, after sterilization, persistent painful sensations, bruising at the incision site, inflammation in the wound, lack of protection against sexually transmitted diseases (HIV, syphilis and others). In addition, for the first time after the procedure you will have to use additional method contraception.

Some men claim that after sterilization they recovered reproductive function. These are not allowed medical errors. The fact is that nowadays operations are performed to restore the conductivity of the seminal ducts, which are called epididymovasostomy and azovasostomy. In the first case, the vas deferens are attached to the epididymis, and in the second, the ends of the vas deferens are sutured, as a result of which patency is restored. It is worth noting that such operations are expensive and are successful only in 50% of cases. Moreover, the sooner an operation is performed to restore the integrity of the vas deferens after sterilization, the more likely it is that it will be successful.

If representatives of the stronger sex simply need to have a vasectomy for health reasons, but they are not ready to lose their reproductive ability, then in this case they can donate sperm to a sperm bank to freeze it. In this form it can be stored for up to 7 years.

For now modern medicine more advanced methods of non-scalpel intervention are known, which have much less postoperative complications. In addition, scientists are working on the creation of fundamentally new methods of contraception that have a spermicidal and spermostatic effect, as well as on methods of immunological contraception, which are based on immunological incompatibility as a result of the formation of antibodies against sperm.

Currently, voluntary surgical contraception or sterilization(DHS) is the most common method of family planning in both developed and developing countries. DHS is an irreversible, most effective method protection from pregnancy not only for men, but also for women, and at the same time the safest and most economical method of contraception.

Frequent use of local anesthesia with minor sedation, improved surgical technique and better qualifications medical personnel- all this has contributed to increasing the reliability of the DHS over the past 10 years. When performing DHS in postpartum period Experienced staff under local anesthesia, a small skin incision and improved surgical instruments, the duration of the mother's stay in the maternity hospital does not exceed the usual length of bed days. A suprapubic minilaparotomy (usually performed 4 or more weeks after birth) can be performed in outpatient setting under local anesthesia, as with the laparoscopic method of surgical sterilization.

Vasectomy remains a simpler, more reliable and less expensive method of surgical contraception than sterilization in women, although the latter remains the more popular method of preventing pregnancy.

Ideally, a couple should consider using both irreversible methods of contraception. If female and male sterilization were equally acceptable, vasectomy would be preferred.

For the first time surgical contraception began to be used to improve health, and later - based on broader considerations. In almost all countries, sterilization operations are performed according to special medical indications, which include uterine rupture, several previous caesarean sections and with other contraindications for pregnancy (for example, serious cardiovascular disease, multiple births and a history of serious gynecological complications).

Vasectomy

Vasectomy or male sterilization involves blocking the vas deferentia (vasa deferentia) to prevent the passage of sperm. Vasectomy is the most common, simplest, easiest to perform, inexpensive and reliable method of male contraception.

Mortality after sterilization is extremely rare - approximately 1 case fatal outcome per 300,000 operations performed.

Laboratory tests before sterilization should only be carried out in special cases. A study of hemoglobin content and determination of blood clotting is usually recommended. In most cases, conducting a survey and objective examination of the patient is sufficient to perform the operation.

Pregnancy may result from recanalization of the vas deferens, improper operation (occlusion of another structure), or, in in rare cases, availability congenital anomaly in the form of a duplication of vasa deferentia, which remained unidentified during surgery.

The method's failure rate is approximately 0.1 to 0.5% during the first year, similar to female sterilization.

Traditional vasectomy method

Immediately before the operation, the area of ​​the scrotum and penis is cleaned with soap and water, and the areas of the perineum, scrotum and upper thighs are treated accordingly with aqueous iodide or 4% chlorhexidine solution.

When performing this operation Special attention attention should be paid to observing the rules of asepsis.

The vas deferens, located on both sides of the scrotum, are fixed with an atraumatic instrument or fingers; the surgical site along with the perivasal tissue is infiltrated with a 1% lidocaine solution.

An incision in the skin and muscle layer is made over the vas deferens, which is isolated, ligated and, in most cases, divided through this small incision (see figure). After isolating and crossing the duct, both ends are fused to a depth of 1 cm in each direction by inserting a needle electrode or thermal cautery into the lumen.

Some surgeons, after isolation, ligate the ducts with non-absorbent or absorbent material without cutting it. The same is done on the other side.

It should be pointed out that sperm accumulates in the terminal parts of the crossed ducts with the development of an inflammatory granuloma after ligation more often than with other methods of vasectomy, which is the cause of frequent cases of “contraceptive failure”. To be on the safe side, removal of a small segment of the vas deferens is recommended, although this is not considered necessary.

A vasectomy is usually performed under local anesthesia. After fixing the duct, an incision is made in the anesthetized area and the duct is pulled out through the wound. A vasectomy can be performed using one or two incisions.

Vasectomy modifications

One modification of vasectomy consists of cutting the vasa without ligation (open end vasectomy) and electrocoagulating their abdominal ends to a depth of 1.5 cm. A fascial layer can then be applied to cover the crossed ends of the vasa deferentia. This modification makes it possible to reduce the likelihood of developing congestive epididymitis. It is important to note that, if necessary, performing an operation to restore the patency of the vas deferens becomes an easier task than after fulfiling both ends of the crossed segments of the duct. The wounds are closed with an absorbent suture.

A vasectomy can also be performed through a single skin incision, which is made in the midline of the scrotum. In some cases skin wound they don't sew it up. The patient is discharged from the clinic within 15-30 minutes after the operation.

No-scalpel vasectomy (Chinese method)

In some countries they use the so-called. no-scalpel vasectomy method. This method consists in the fact that to release the vas deferens, they resort to puncture, and not to cutting the skin and muscle layer of the scrotum with a scalpel. This approach significantly reduces the likelihood of complications from vasectomy, especially hematoma.

The method of no-scalpel, bloodless vasectomy was first proposed in 1974 in China, where 8 million men were performed with no-scalpel vasectomy. No-scalpel vasectomy is the standard vasectomy technique in China.

After local anesthesia of the relevant area of ​​the scrotum, a specially designed ring-shaped clamp is applied to the vas deferens without opening dermal layer. The second instrument, a dissecting forceps with a sharp end, is used to puncture and make a small incision in the skin and wall of the vas deferens. The duct is isolated and occluded in an appropriate manner. The same is done on the opposite side.

You can also use the monopuncture method of no-scalpel vasectomy, in which puncture performed on the midline of the scrotum almost bloodlessly. Only a sterile bandage is used to cover the wound.

The duct is grasped with a special ring clamp and the skin along with its membrane is pierced with a pointed clamp. Next, using clamps, a hole is made through which the duct is pulled out.

Consequences of a vasectomy

In approximately 1/2-2/3 of cases, men develop sperm antibodies after surgery, but there is no reliable data on any pathological consequences the specified process.

Contraindications to vasectomy

Absolute contraindications:

In general, a vasectomy should not be performed if a man:

1. Intends to have a child;
2. was informed about a vasectomy, but remains unsure about the desire to have children in the future;
3. sick active infectious disease sexually transmitted disease, hernia, or painful swelling of the testicles;
4. did not discuss the issue of vasectomy with your sexual partner or the partner is categorically against vasectomy.

Relative contraindications:

Special care is required:

1. If the man has any bleeding or uncontrolled diabetes. Such conditions require treatment and management BEFORE undergoing a vasectomy;
2. if the man is not married, has no children, has marital problems, or has not discussed the issue of a vasectomy with his wife.

While none of these factors preclude having a vasectomy, they will go a long way toward being satisfied with your choice. Ideally, surgical sterilization should be a joint decision between the man and woman. If one partner is against a vasectomy, the man is likely to regret his decision.

Preparing for a vasectomy

1. Before the operation, you must be absolutely sure of your decision and choice of surgical method of contraception, which is an irreversible method of protection against pregnancy. Before having a vasectomy, you can reverse your decision at any time.
2. Before surgery, you should clean the scrotal area by removing hair and taking a bath or shower.
3. After surgery, avoid long periods of walking or cycling to prevent friction on the scrotum or pressure on the surgical area.
4. Avoid physical exertion for the first 48 hours after surgery.
5. If necessary, a cold compress (applying an ice pack) may be applied to the surgical area to prevent swelling, bleeding, or development of pain or discomfort. After a vasectomy, the use of scrotal suspensors is recommended for the first two days.
6. Avoid heavy physical work(weight lifting, etc.) during the first week after surgery.
7. Do not take a bath or shower for the first 2 days after surgery.
8. You can resume sexual intercourse 2-3 days after surgery. remember, that complete absence sperm in the ejaculate in most cases is achieved only after 20 ejaculations, so until this point, condoms or other methods of contraception should be used to reliably protect against pregnancy. To confirm the absence of sperm in the semen, it is recommended laboratory test ejaculate after 20 ejaculations.
9. If pain or discomfort occurs, take painkillers at intervals of 4-6 hours (check the name and dose with your doctor).
10. After surgery, pain and swelling may appear in the scrotum area; The color of the scrotum may change. All this is considered normal and should not bother you. If bleeding develops or the following complaints occur, you should consult a doctor immediately.

Postoperative complications:

• Increased body temperature;
• bleeding or discharge of pus from the surgical wound;
• severe pain or significant swelling of the scrotum.

Vasectomy reversibility

Voluntary surgical sterilization should be considered an irreversible method of contraception, but despite this, many patients require restoration of fertility, which is a common occurrence after divorces and remarriages, the death of a child or the desire to have next child. You need to pay special attention to the following:

• Restoring fertility after DHS is one of the most difficult surgical operations requiring special training of a surgeon;
• in some cases, restoration of fertility becomes impossible due to the patient’s advanced age, the presence of infertility in a spouse, or the impossibility of performing an operation, the reason for which is the method of sterilization performed;
• the success of the reversibility of the operation is not guaranteed even if there are appropriate indications and a highly qualified surgeon;
• the surgical method of restoring fertility (for both men and women) is one of the most expensive operations.

After a vasectomy, the effectiveness of microsurgical surgery to restore fertility is 16-79% (on average about 50%). The rate of restoration of the presence of sperm in the ejaculate corresponds to 81-98%, which is not considered an indicator of the effectiveness of the operation, since its desired outcome is pregnancy. The success of pregnancy may depend on:

1. How long ago did you have a vasectomy?
2. presence of sperm antibodies;
3. age of the patient or his spouse;
4. method of vasectomy.

Based on the above, vasectomy should be considered an irreversible method of contraception, although improvements in microsurgical techniques have increased the effectiveness of fertility restoration operations.

Male sterilization is the most effective way contraception. At the same time, the man does not experience significant changes in the body. The operation is well tolerated by the patient. Recovery occurs quickly. Many modern clinics men's health widely advertised this procedure. Before making a decision about sterilization, it is necessary to carefully study the process and its possible consequences.

Characteristics of the operation

Vasectomy is significantly different from surgical castration men. During castration, the paired sex glands are removed. The process is irreversible. During sterilization, part of a man's vas deferens is excised. This is necessary to prevent sperm from entering the seminal fluid. All basic sexual functions are preserved.

Some medical centers position surgical sterilization as a temporary process. This is true. But this effect lasts for 5–7 years. It should be borne in mind that restoration of the vas deferens is expensive. The operation is being carried out long time and causes a lot of inconvenience to the patient.

Sterilization is resorted to in the following cases:

• Unwanted pregnancy;
• Genetic abnormalities;
• Allergic reactions to all types of contraception.

The main reason for sterilization is a man's reluctance to have children. Many of them have several children. In such couples, conception occurs quickly. To avoid this, it is necessary to choose the right method of contraception. The most effective of these is a vasectomy. In such couples, unwanted pregnancy does not occur.

Some patients have pathological genetic changes. The genotype is passed on from parent to child. So that a child does not appear with strong genetic abnormalities, the patient is recommended to undergo sterilization. It helps protect future generations from unwanted diseases.

A rare cause of sterilization surgery is allergic intolerance. various means protection from unwanted pregnancy. However, the couple does not want to have a child. In this case, the man needs a vasectomy. The operation has no serious contraindications. Also does not cause any allergic reactions in organism.

Although male sterilization is not a serious operation, it is a surgical intervention on the body. It requires the fulfillment of certain preparation rules from a man. All necessary rules explains the specialist.

Rules for preparing for surgery

Vasectomy is surgical method contraception. At the same time, the patient is required to prepare for it in a timely manner. Specialists require compliance with the following rules:

• Be examined by a cardiologist and urologist;
• Take a blood and urine test;
• Spermogram;
• Sexual peace.

A man must be examined by a cardiologist. This is necessary to avoid adverse reactions during the operation. The patient may not be aware of various abnormalities in the heart. A cardiologist can identify them. The examination is carried out using ultrasound machine and a cardiograph. A cardiogram is taken from the patient twice before surgery and once after surgery. An ultrasound of the heart will help determine whether there are abnormalities in the functioning of the valves and blood vessels.

An examination by a urologist is carried out in advance. Recommended to visit this specialist one month before the scheduled surgery. A doctor examines a man for genitourinary diseases. If the patient exhibits any inflammatory processes, the operation is postponed. A new appointment is issued after completing the necessary treatment.

For surgical intervention, it is necessary to donate blood for a detailed study. Specialists identify the man’s hormonal background, the presence of pathogenic bodies in the blood, and clarify the patient’s group affiliation. The analysis is also informative for various viral diseases. Various harmful microorganisms can be present in the blood in live or cystic form.

A spermogram is taken from a man without fail. This analysis confirms the presence large quantity live and healthy sperm. If the patient’s level is reduced, he must be notified about this.

One week before sterilization, the patient is prohibited sexual contacts. This is necessary to preserve the secretion of seminal fluid in pure form. When the patient has an active sexual life, sperm are present in small quantities in the secretion. Therefore, a week before sterilization, sexual rest is necessary.

Alcohol and nicotine intake should be stopped 3-5 days before surgery. These substances have a pathological effect on the condition of the genitourinary and of cardio-vascular system. If the patient this rule does not comply, the operation is postponed. Alcohol is especially dangerous during surgery. Alcohol molecules have a strong thinning effect on the blood. During surgery, such patients experience significant blood loss.

Progress of the procedure

The essence of the operation is to stop the flow of sperm into the vas deferens. To do this, you need to block them. Overlapping is carried out in two ways:

1. Excision of part of the duct;
2. Clamping of the duct with special mechanisms.

Excision of part of the duct is performed more often than clamping. The part to be removed is pinched on both sides with surgical forceps. The selected area is removed with scissors. The resulting ends are either tied together or clamped with sutures. Basic adverse reaction is the restoration of the vas deferens. This occurs in 3–5% of men undergoing surgery.

The duct is clamped using medical clips. They are made of anti-allergenic metal. The clip is installed in the middle of the duct and remains in the patient's body for life. It is not susceptible to oxidation and various chemical reactions. In rare cases, a man has an intolerance to this metal. This problem is solved by excision of part of the duct.

The operation is performed in a special department. The man is not put under anesthesia. The surgical field is treated with an antiseptic solution and injected with an anesthetic drug. After the freezing begins, the surgeon makes a small incision. Since the duct has a small diameter, the incision does not exceed 2 cm. Then excision or clamping is performed and the wound is sutured. For this, a special absorbable thread is used. The suture is applied cosmetically. After the thread dissolves, a small scar remains, which will disappear over time.

Recovery after surgery

Although the procedure is carried out quickly and does not cause any particular inconvenience, it is necessary to carry out restorative measures. After the operation, the patient leaves the operating room independently. He stays on outpatient treatment within 2–3 days after sterilization. When discharged for home recovery, the patient must follow the following rules:

• Avoid getting water on the wound;
• Sexual peace;
• Antiseptic treatment;
• Quitting alcohol;
• Physical peace.

In the first days after surgery, it is necessary to avoid getting water on the wound. Disinfection of the wound surface is carried out with special solutions. It is recommended to wash the seams with aqueous chlorhexidine or furatsilin solution. Washing the body is allowed after the redness in the operated area has completely disappeared.

The main condition should be sexual peace. It is necessary to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Sperm can survive in seminal fluid for up to 10 days. To not have undesirable consequences, it is recommended to avoid sexual intercourse.

The first 7 days are not recommended physical exercise. High voltage muscles can cause seam divergence. In this case, additional surgical intervention will be required. Also, the activity must be reduced to secure the medical clip. After surgery with compression of the vas deferens, the man recovers faster and begins to lead a normal lifestyle. But the clip needs to be fixed in place. This occurs within the first month after sterilization.

Alcoholic drinks affect blood clotting. If a man has undergone sterilization by excision, bleeding may occur. In this case, medical assistance is necessary.

Side effects after the procedure

The development of complications after surgery is rare, but they should be taken into account. Phenomena such as:

• Swelling of the genital organs;
• Increased body temperature;
• Viral infection;
• The appearance of subcutaneous bruising;
• Decreased sexual desire;
• Painful sensations.

Swelling of the genital organs may occur due to the accumulation of fluid in the scrotum. This occurs due to the accumulation of a large amount of blood serum. This complication occurs in 1% of operated patients. The pathology is eliminated by puncturing the scrotum. Appointed additional therapy antibiotic drugs.

Body temperature rises with strong inflammatory process in organism. If such a complication occurs, you must immediately visit a specialist and undergo additional tests.

Viral infection is rare. It may appear when improper care behind the seam. An accumulation of exudate appears on the untreated area. It is a favorable environment for the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. Microbes settle in the wound surface and cause necrosis of tissue cells. In this case, the seam may come apart. Poor tissue fusion occurs. This is detected 10–14 days after sterilization. Treatment is carried out using antibacterial drugs.

The appearance of subcutaneous bruises occurs due to the accumulation of dead blood cells. Blood accumulates due to severe thinning or poor clotting. The hematoma should be shown to a specialist. The doctor will prescribe special ointments, which contribute to the rapid resorption of the bruise.

A decrease in sexual desire may occur due to strong pain syndrome And discomfort in the scrotum area. This phenomenon disappears after complete healing of the operated tissues. If sexual activity does not increase, you should consult a specialist. He will identify the cause of decreased libido.

Sterilization is not mandatory procedure. A man makes his own choice of contraception. If there are various side effects from the proposed means of protection, male sterilization is a way out of this situation.