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Optical illusion is a hoax human vision. Observations of some images leave visual illusions in our minds.
Optical illusion is the unreliable perception of certain visual information. A person, looking at an illusion, incorrectly estimates its size or shape, creating a deceptive image in his mind.
The reason for erroneous perception is the structural feature of our visual organ. Physiology and psychology of vision allow us to make the wrong final result and instead round shapes, a person is able to see square ones, and large pictures will seem small.
Illusion - error of visual perception
Optical illusion can be divided into several main types:
The human brain can react deceptively to some images. It seems that the image moves or even changes color only due to the fact that the brain perceives the visible light of some pictures.
One of the most popular are the so-called moving pictures. Secret of this type lies in color and contrast perception.
It is enough to look at the center of this picture for a few seconds, then look away to one of the sides of the salad frame of the image, and the picture will literally “float”.
This illusion can be classified into two types: “curvature of shape” and “moving illusion”. Firstly, the uneven placement of the cubes allows us to conclude that the lines are crooked.
However, they are absolutely smooth. Secondly, if you move the picture up and down using the slider on your monitor on the right, you can see how the cubes move and run.
Thanks to the textured image, it seems that the squares in the center of the picture are moving.
Thanks to the contrasting image of the round disks, it seems that they are moving in different directions: clockwise and counterclockwise.
Patterns in the picture different sizes and stand out with bright contrasting colors. This is why the lines and curves appear to be moving.
While observing illusions, the child exercises his logical thinking and develops the brain.
The most popular illusions for children:
This illusion helps the child understand which animal is shown in the picture: a cat or a dog. The child analyzes all external features and remembers the characteristics; in addition, he tries to visually turn the image around, which trains his eye muscles.
This illusion provides the child with the opportunity to see a three-dimensional image. In order to do this, you need to bring your face closer to the image, direct your gaze to the middle, diffuse your vision for five seconds and then quickly focus. This activity intensively trains the eye muscles and allows the child to develop vision.
Uniform prints located mirror to each other allow the baby to find common features of external parameters in different animals.
This image allows you to develop abstract thinking: in the proposed picture you can see a simple branched tree. But if you read the contours correctly, the image of a newborn child will appear before your eyes.
Some images are called “pictures of hypnosis” because they are capable of misleading and a kind of trance, when a person diligently tries to understand the secret of the drawn objects and why they move.
There is a belief that if you look for a long time at the center of a moving image, a person imagines himself plunging into a deep tunnel without a bottom or edge. It is this immersion that distracts him from other thoughts and his trance is comparable to hypnosis.
Black and white colors- are absolutely opposite. These are the most contrasting colors of all. Looking at such a picture, the human eye literally “doubts” which color to pay the main attention to, and that is why it turns out that the pictures “dance”, “float”, “move” and even appear in space.
The most popular black and white illusions:
The secret of the image is that the lines on the lines are drawn in different directions and that is why it seems that the lines are not at all parallel.
These images allow us to see two images in one picture. The drawing is based on the principle of contour and contrasts.
In this illusion, for the effect you need to look for a long time at the red dot located in the image.
One minute will be enough. After this, your gaze is averted to the side and on any object you see what you previously observed only on the monitor.
This type of illusion allows a person to literally “break his brain.” This is because the picture displays the arrangement of objects in such a way that, firstly, they become three-dimensional on a plane, and secondly, sometimes they are too difficult to understand.
This picture makes it unclear to a person the location of objects: their sides and surfaces. Nevertheless, the drawing is perceived in volume.
More complex images require a person to peer into the depths of the picture for a long time. It is worth completely dissipating and splitting vision and after some time sharply restoring it.
A three-dimensional figure will appear on a completely flat picture (in in this case woman) with clear contours.
Optical illusions are errors that can occur in our vision. The causes of optical illusions are errors of perception.
While looking at a picture, inexplicable movements, disappearances and appearances may occur. All this is justified physiologically and psychological aspect visual perception.
The secret of the illusion is that when we notice a small black object in the center, we do not pay attention to our surroundings.
The unclear image of the contours allows us to see that the elephant has eight legs instead of four.
Contrasting colors and unclear boundaries of the picture allow the image to literally vibrate the moment we look at it and remain immobilized when we turn our gaze to something else.
Based on a mirror image with exact repetition of all forms.
It is important to pay attention to the fact of lighting. look at the image in bright light and you will see a blue dress. Go into a dark room for half an hour and then look back at the picture - most likely you will see a golden dress.
As mentioned earlier, the secret of this illusion is hidden in the complete repetition of the lines of the drawing when it is mirrored. Of course, this can not be done in practice with every picture, but if you carefully choose the form, you will get quite an interesting result.
Looking at this image, you need to decide for yourself: “What do you see first?” From possible options you will see a young girl in profile with a feather in her headdress, or an old woman with a long chin and a large nose.
Among the more modern versions of the double image, we can distinguish paintings that simultaneously depict two separate drawings. In such cases, the features of one image are read in different lines.
Optical illusion is an unreliable visual perception of any picture: incorrect assessment of the length of segments, the color of the visible object, the size of the angles, etc.
The reasons for such errors lie in the peculiarities of the physiology of our vision, as well as in the psychology of perception. Sometimes illusions can lead to completely incorrect quantitative estimates of specific geometric quantities.
Even looking carefully at the “optical illusion” picture, in 25 percent or more of cases you can make a mistake if you do not check your visual assessments with a ruler.
So, for example, let's look at the following figure.
Which of the circles located in the middle is larger?
Correct answer: the circles are the same.
Which of the two people is taller: the dwarf in the foreground or the person walking behind everyone?
Correct answer: they are the same height.
The figure shows two segments. Which one is longer?
Correct answer: they are the same.
One type of visual illusion is pareidolia. Pareidolia is an illusory perception of a specific object.
Unlike illusions of perception of length, depth, dual images, pictures with images that are specially created in order to provoke the occurrence of illusions, pareidolia can arise on their own when viewing the most ordinary objects. So, for example, sometimes when examining a pattern on wallpaper or a carpet, clouds, spots and cracks on the ceiling, you can see fantastic changing landscapes, unusual animals, people’s faces, etc.
The basis of various illusory images can be the details of a real-life drawing. The first to describe similar phenomenon, there were Jaspers and Kalbaumi (Jaspers K., 1913, Kahlbaum K., 1866;). Many pareidolic illusions can arise when perceiving well-known images. In this case, similar illusions can occur simultaneously in several people.
For example, in the following picture, which shows the World Trade Center building on fire. Many people can see the scary face of the devil on it.
The image of the devil can be seen in the next picture - the devil in the smoke
In the following picture you can easily distinguish a face on Mars (NASA, 1976). The play of shadow and light has given rise to many theories about ancient Martian civilizations. Interestingly, late photographs of this area of Mars do not show a face.
And here you can see a dog.
Looking at the drawing, you can observe the illusion of color perception.
In fact, the circles on different squares are the same shade of gray.
Looking at the following picture, answer the question: are the chess squares on which points A and B are the same or different colors?
It's hard to believe, but yes! Don't believe me? Photoshop will prove it to you.
How many colors are you drawing in the following picture?
There are only 3 colors - white, green and pink. You might think there are 2 shades of pink, but that's actually not the case.
What do these waves look like to you?
Are the brown stripe waves colored? But no! It's just an illusion.
Look at the following picture and say the color of each word.
Why is this so difficult? The fact is that one part of the brain is trying to read the word, and the other perceives the color.
Looking at the following image, look at black dot. After some time, the colored spots should go away.
Do you see the gray diagonal stripes?
If you look at the center point for a while, the stripes will disappear.
Another type of visual illusion is shapeshifting. The fact is that the image of the object itself depends on the direction of your gaze. So, one of these optical illusions is the “duck hare.” This image can be interpreted as both an image of a hare and an image of a duck.
Take a closer look, what do you see in the next picture?
What do you see in this picture: a musician or a girl’s face?
Strange, it's actually a book.
If you look at the black color of this lamp for a long time, and then look at a white sheet of paper, then this lamp will be visible there too.
Look at the dot, and then move away a little and move closer to the monitor. The circles will spin in different directions.
That. the features of optical perception are complex. Sometimes you shouldn’t believe your own eyes...
Snakes crawl in different directions.
After throughout long period continuously look at the image, for some time then there will be some impact on vision. For example, prolonged contemplation of a spiral leads to the fact that all objects around will rotate for 5-10 seconds.
This is a common type of erroneous perception when a person guesses a figure in the shadows with peripheral vision.
This is a visual illusion that leads to a distortion of the size of an object placed on a background of contrasting color.
This is the appearance of unclear dots of different shades in front of closed eyes.
This is an optical illusion, implying two options for perceiving the depth and volume of an object. Looking at the image, a person does not understand whether an object is concave or convex.
An optical illusion is an impression of a visible object or phenomenon that does not correspond to reality, that is, an optical illusion. Some visual illusions have had for a long time scientific explanation, others still remain a mystery.
The information collected by our eyes is in some way inconsistent with the source. Optical illusions can cause serious headaches. Therefore, such things need to be treated with caution.
There are three main types of illusions:
1. Literal optical illusions
These optical illusions are considered the simplest. They are characterized by a difference in the image (that is, the perception of the image) and the actual tangible objects that make up the picture.
A literal optical illusion makes us see completely different objects or figures from those shown in the pictures.
2. Physiological optical illusions
These illusions affect the eyes and brain through overstimulation. certain type(brightness, color, size, position, tilt, movement).
3. Cognitive optical illusions
These illusions are the result of our brain's misperceptions and unconscious inferences.
We continue to collect the coolest optical illusions. be careful: some of them can cause tearing, nausea and disorientation.
So, each of the following optical illusions can blow our minds
Our brain rarely encounters upside-down images, so it cannot notice distortions in them
Initially we see 12 people here, but after moving, another one appears, the 13th
You can change direction just by thinking about it
These blocks do not move one after another - their speed is the same
Look at the black dot in the center. Keep looking at it as the picture changes.
Saw color photograph? Now take your eyes away from the point.
The squares on the left side seem to be darker than the squares on the right
However, they are actually the same color
Room irregular shape, used to create a three-dimensional optical illusion, was designed by American ophthalmologist Albert Ames in 1934
Slowly move your eyes closer to the screen and the “light” in the middle will become brighter
Move it back and it will become weak again.
Focus your gaze on the green dot in the middle
After a while, the yellow dots will disappear one by one. In fact, they remain in place, it's just that static frames disappear from our consciousness if they are surrounded by constantly changing images.
None of them actually intersect
Droste effect - looping recursive image
The color of the stripe in the center is actually uniform and the same along the entire length
Roll your mouse wheel up and down and you will see the poster “moving”
There are two photos here, and there is one difference between them
Try to find it, and once you notice the difference, it will be impossible not to see it.
Which of these faces belongs to a woman and which to a man?...
Wrong... The pictures show the same face
Is this the same picture? Yes.
There is NO lake in the picture
Tilt your head and look closely at the image
This is not a bird
The picture shows a painted female figure
This floor is flat
These two monsters are the same size
The orange dots in both pictures are the same size
How many legs does an elephant have?
Are you sure of what you see?
What a wonderful picture of cars!
Or are they toy cars?
Illusion is an optical illusion.
Types of optical illusion:
optical illusion based on color perception;
optical illusion based on contrast;
twisting illusions;
optical illusion of depth perception;
optical illusion of size perception;
contour optical illusion;
optical illusion "shifters";
Ames room;
moving optical illusions.
stereo illusions, or, as they are also called: “3d pictures”, stereo pictures.
ILLUSION OF BALL SIZE
In fact, this is an optical illusion: these two balls are absolutely equal. You can use a ruler to check. By creating the effect of a receding corridor, the artist managed to deceive our vision: the top ball seems larger to us, because our consciousness perceives it as a more distant object.
ILLUSION OF A. EINSTEIN AND M. MONROE
If you look at the picture from close distance, you see the brilliant physicist A. Einstein.
ILLUSION OF WALL SIDE WITH WINDOW
On which side of the building is the window located? On the left, or maybe on the right?
Illusion of bars
Illusion "Cafe Wall"
Illusion Leaning Tower of Pisa
ILLUSION OF WAVY LINES
There is no doubt that the lines depicted are wavy.
Ship or arch?
ILLUSION - GRAFFITI “LADDER”
Now you can relax and not think that there will be another optical illusion. Let's admire the artist's imagination.
BEZOLDI EFFECT
Look at the picture and say in which part the red lines are brighter and more contrasting. On the right isn't it?
COLOR CHANGE ILLUSION
Does the color of the horizontal gray line change in the rectangle?
THE ILLUSION OF A SHINING SUN
This magnificent photograph of the sun was taken by the American space agency NASA. It shows two sunspots pointing directly at the Earth.
ZOLNER'S ILLUSION
Do you see that the herringbone lines in the picture are parallel?
ILLUSION-JESUS CHRIST
Look at the picture for 30 seconds (it may take more), then move your gaze to the light one flat surface, for example, on a wall.
ILLUSION. THREE SQUARE
Sit closer and look at the picture. Do you see that the sides of all three squares are curved?
ILLUSION. BLACK FIGURES
What do you see in the picture?
ILLUSION. ILLUSION OF OUCHI
Look at the center of the picture and you will see a “dancing” ball.
A selection of optical illusions and double-digit pictures.
The eyes are complex mechanism which helps a person to perceive correctly the world. But as practice shows, even such a seemingly perfect mechanism can be easily deceived.
This can be done using color contrasts, sharply changing proportions and various kinds small details. Thanks to all this, the human eye will see an optical illusion that changes depending on the angle at which you look at it.
Optical illusion
Optical illusion (visual illusion)- this is an incorrect perception of certain pictures or surrounding objects by the eyes. In this case, the eyes see the image a little differently than the brain tells them. The correct background, depth and geometric shapes arranged in a certain sequence help to achieve a similar effect in the picture.
All these little tricks prevent the eyes from correctly scanning the image in front of them, and as a result, the brain forces the person to see a distorted picture. Surrealist artists take full advantage of this feature of the human eye and try to surprise people with paintings that have a special meaning. That is why surrealism can also be classified as an optical illusion that can provoke a person to strong emotions.
Illusion pictures for the eyes
As you probably already understood, illusion pictures force our brain to perceive images not exactly as they look. This happens because the brain also has patterns, and if it understands that the eyes do not perceive the picture quite correctly, it begins to send impulses that make it completely different.
The brain can also be tricked using bright color. If the same picture is superimposed on a different background, then it individual parts the eyes will perceive in a different color.
People are even more misled by pictures that depict geometric shapes that are contrasting in color. At first glance, it may seem to a person that they are located parallel to each other. But in fact, if you look more closely at them, you can understand that they are looking in opposite directions.
And, of course, don’t forget that a loving picture looks different from different angles. In view of this, if you make it contrasting, you will see different depths in it. This can be seen in the example with a contrasting cube.
Stereo image to improve vision
3D stereo image
3D picture
3D stereo pictures- this is nothing more than the same optical illusions, simply created by alternating dots and textures. Main principle Such pictures are based on the brain’s ability to compare different data and estimate distances to objects, figures and points as accurately as possible.
Such images are very often used for eye training in the treatment of ophthalmic pathologies. According to experts, if a person looks at such pictures for at least a few minutes a day, his eyes will relax properly.
In order to correctly see the stereo image, you will first need to move away from it at arm's length and try to completely relax your eyes. You should try to look through the image. If you do everything correctly, after some time you will see the most realistic three-dimensional picture.
Three-dimensional picture in black and white
Black and white flats
If you carefully read our article, you probably realized that illusion pictures work best with color contrast. That is why black and white images The easiest way to deceive our eyes. If you just look at the simplest picture in this color scheme, you will notice that your eyes jump from one element to another, not knowing where to stop.
That is why, when looking at such an optical illusion, it seems to a person that the figures in the image are constantly moving, floating and moving. If, for example, a portrait of a person is depicted in such a color scheme, then depending on the color it will change both its contour and its shape.
Eyes see movement due to correctly selected colors
The good thing about moving pictures is that they create a realistic effect. When a person looks at them, it seems to him that he really sees a waterfall or a sea that sways. The best thing in this case is that a person does not need to take absolutely any action to see everything correctly. As a rule, at the first glance at such a visual illusion, the eyes immediately catch the movement of some individual details.
Geometric moving picture
In case this happens geometric picture, then it will be created using contrasting shades and identical geometric shapes. In this case, the eyes will perceive it almost the same as a black and white image, making it seem to the person that the drawing is always in motion.
The square can only be seen when turning
The picture shows how you can visually enlarge an object
GIFs, like any other illusion pictures, deceive the human eye and it does not perceive them exactly as it did initially. In this case, everything is built on movement. It is from the speed and in which direction the elements move that a person can see different images.
Also, gifs allow you to visually reduce large objects quite well and enlarge very small ones. This happens by moving closer or further from the object you will be looking at.
Optical illusion with depth effect
Hypnosis picture focusing attention on a central point
Hypnosis pictures- these are images that can lead a person into lung condition trance promoting relaxation nervous system. Most often, this effect is achieved with the same contrast and the same type of lines or figures, placed from largest to smallest. Looking at the image, a person tries to understand the secret of the continuous movement of objects in his field of vision.
And the more he tries to solve the riddle of the hypnosis picture, the more he plunges into a kind of trance. If you try long time look into the center of such an optical illusion, then it will inevitably begin to seem to you that you are moving along some kind of corridor or simply falling somewhere. This state will cause you to relax and forget about everyday problems and obstacles for a while.
The double meaning of minimalism
Mirror optical illusion
The main secret of double optical illusions is the almost complete repetition of all, even the smallest lines. This creates a mirror effect that allows you to create an image that will look different from different angles. In this case, you can combine two completely different designs in the picture, as long as they fit each other perfectly in shape and color scheme.
Also, a double picture can consist of two completely different images, just when you look at it you will see the outlines of the same figure.
Pictures for visual deception for children
In principle, visual illusion pictures for children are also based on the contrast of colors, the depth of lines and a correctly selected background. It’s just that, unlike images for adults, in this case, upside-down pictures are most often used.
By looking at them, the baby tries to recognize what his eyes actually see, thereby helping him develop logical thinking. And in order to make it easier for small children to perceive what they see, as a rule, the drawings depict animals or plants that are familiar to them.
For example, this could be a drawing that depicts a cat that turns into an angry dog when it turns over.
In addition, children perceive very well pictures in which the same object has different lengths. In this case, the illusion effect is achieved by the correct background and different colors two figures completely identical in shape.
Geometric illusion
Geometric illusions- this is nothing more than an image of objects of different shapes, which the eye perceives not quite as is customary in geometry. In this case, the ability of the human eye to determine the color, direction and size of objects is used.
But if in geometry they are arranged according to certain rules, then in this case, for example, a rectangle can be composed of several triangles of different sizes. This illusion is designed so that a person, instead of seeing triangles, will look at parallel lines and try to understand how similar they are.
Also in geometric illusions, contrast in size is very often used. Looking at such an image, a person does not see that the two central circles are the same size. Even when looking closely, he thinks that the circle surrounded by smaller objects is larger than the one surrounded by larger ones.
Pictures of optical illusion with a dress
If you spend a lot of time on the Internet, then you have probably already come across a picture with a question about the color of a dress. As a rule, people cannot give a definite answer to this question as in different time day they see a different shade of the outfit. What is this connected with? As already mentioned at the very beginning of our article, the human eye is a rather complex mechanism, the main one of which is the retina (responsible for the correct perception of color).
The retina itself consists of rods and cones, the number of which determines how brightly a person perceives a particular color. For this reason, the dress may appear soft blue to some people, while deep blue to others. When it comes to optical illusions, lighting plays a huge role. In daylight it will appear lighter, but in artificial light it will appear much brighter and darker.
Picture for optical illusion – “Girl or old woman”
Each of us has experienced the “Girl or Old Woman” optical illusion at least once in our lives. But, having looked at it, we simply forget about it and don’t even think about why our eyes see such a dual picture. In fact, in this case, completely two different images are skillfully connected to each other in one drawing.
If you pay closer attention, you will realize that one pattern flows smoothly into the other. For example, the oval of a young girl’s face simultaneously serves as the nose of an old woman, and her ear serves as the eye of an elderly woman.
Tattoo imitating the flight of a butterfly
Surreal tattoo
Tattoo with volumetric effect
As you probably already understood, an optical illusion is nothing more than a correctly drawn picture. Therefore, if you wish, you can easily get yourself a tattoo in the style of surrealism.
All you have to do is apply it using contrasting colors, the right directions and background. All this will help you create voluminous and even visually moving images on your skin. You can see an example of a tattoo in the style of surrealism a little higher.
Mirror surfaces in the interior
Optical illusions are good because they can radically change any room. Mirror surfaces are considered the simplest visual deception. With their help, even the smallest room will seem huge and bright.
Horizontal lines on walls
Different textures change the space well. If you want to easily stretch the room, then decorate the walls with horizontal lines. If, on the contrary, you need to reduce something, then frame it with vertical lines.
Floating table in the interior
If you wish, you can decorate your kitchen with so-called floating furniture. To do this, you will only need to buy a table whose legs will be made of either transparent plastic or glass.
Hidden doors
Also, if you wish, you can decorate your home with an invisible door. To achieve a similar effect, you will have to install a door with hidden hinges, and then decorate it in the same color as the walls.
Optical Illusion: Dress Form
Optical illusion: color
As you probably already understood, visual deception can help a person make the world around him more organic, and this applies not only to the interior. If you need to correct your figure, you can try to do this using optical illusions. All that will be required of you is to choose the right color and shape of your outfits.
Surrealism in painting
Two-faced picture
Optical illusions are very popular among artists. They help them make their paintings deeper and more interesting not only visually, but also semantically. As a rule, for this they use so-called two-faced pictures.
Most often, in this way they try to disguise the caricature. Surrealist artists use a similar technique to create drawings with a triple image, thereby trying to give their masterpiece a deeper meaning. You can see examples of such paintings a little higher.
Tenderness and strength in one picture
Salvador Dali is considered the most famous surrealist in the world. He always painted images in his paintings that made a person far from art think. This is probably why even now people look at his masterpieces with great pleasure and try to understand what the great artist was thinking about when he painted them.