What to do if allergies prevent you from getting enough sleep? Types and types of pathology. Blood test for antibodies

It is believed that allergic diseases in which immune reaction The body is accompanied by damage to its own tissues, affecting on average about 10% of the world's population. Let's take a closer look at what it is and what to do when allergic reactions.

What are the types of allergic reactions?

Types of allergic reactions vary in severity. According to the severity of the course, allergic reactions can be divided as follows:

• lungs and moderate severity– itching, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, hay fever, Quincke's edema;
• severe – anaphylactic shock.

Patients with an immediate allergic reaction (anaphylaxis, atopic bronchial asthma, urticaria, Quincke's edema, hay fever, allergic rhinitis) often need emergency care. With such a pathology foreign substances(antigens) stimulate lymphocytes, which turn into plasmacytes, that is, cells that produce antibodies. Antibodies attach to the surface of mast cells, which become sensitized. When the antigen re-enters the body on the surface of mast cells, it interacts with the antibody, this leads to the destruction (degranulation) of mast cells and the release of biologically active substances from them - allergy mediators (histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, etc.).

Allergic reaction anaphylactic shock

Anaphylactic shock- the most formidable clinical variant acute allergic reaction - most often observed after the administration of penicillin, but it can also occur after the use of other antibiotics, sulfonamides, medicinal serums, radiocontrast agents, etc., as well as after insect bites.

Immediately after the injection (or after 20-40 minutes), the patient develops a feeling of chest tightness, dizziness, headache, anxiety, agitation or depression, severe weakness, feeling of heat in the body, skin rashes and itching, rhinorrhea. At the same time, suffocation and dry hacking cough occur, caused by the development of bronchospasm or laryngeal edema with stridor breathing.

In severe cases of allergic reactions, symptoms of shock are expressed:

• pallor and marbled skin coloring,
• acrocyanosis;
• limbs become cold,
• the pulse is threadlike or cannot be felt,
• Blood pressure drops or is not detected.

In anaphylactic shock, a drop in blood pressure can be combined with the development of a coma. Convulsions with foam from the mouth and involuntary urination are a consequence of severe cerebral hypoxia. In such cases, death may occur within a few minutes after the onset of shock. In less severe cases, patients experience symptoms of fainting, combined with mild bronchospasm and a drop in blood pressure.

Quincke's edema as a type of allergic reaction

Quincke's edema is angioedema (local or widespread) of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes. Angioedema of the larynx is manifested by cough, hoarseness, suffocation, wheezing, and possible death from asphyxia; edema gastrointestinal tract accompanied by intestinal colic, nausea, vomiting (the cause of diagnostic errors and unjustified surgical interventions).

Other types of allergic reactions

Allergic rhinitis - swelling of the nasal mucosa, secretion of copious watery mucous secretions, nasal congestion, burning sensation in the conjunctiva and pharynx, lacrimation.

Hay fever (hay fever) is a seasonal allergic reaction to plant pollen, manifested by acute conjunctivitis and rhinitis.

Urticaria is a sudden onset lesion of the superficial part of the skin with the formation of sharply defined round blisters with raised erythematous scalloped edges and a pale center, accompanied by severe itching. A rash due to allergic reactions can persist for 1 to 3 days, leaving no pigmentation.

What to do if you have allergic reactions?

Emergency care for allergic reactions, in particular anaphylactic shock, should be provided without delay. A dose of 0.3 - 0.5 ml of a 0.1% solution of adrenaline is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly; if necessary, injections are repeated every 20 minutes for an hour. Adrenaline causes constriction of blood vessels in the skin and organs abdominal cavity, skeletal muscles, relaxes the muscles of the bronchi.

Correction arterial hypotension and replenishment of the circulating blood volume is carried out using transfusion of saline and colloid solutions (500-1000 ml). With the development of bronchospasm, aminophylline and inhalation of beta-adrenergic agonists (Salbutamol, Alupenta) are indicated.

At the same time, for allergic reactions, 125-250 mg of hydrocortisone or 60-150 mg of Prednisolone are administered intravenously.

Steroid hormones do not have an immediate effect, but prevent relapses of the reaction. Glucocorticoids suppress the development of immune cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells) and reduce the production of antibodies, prevent the degranulation of mast cells and the release of allergy mediators from them and have an effect opposite to the effects of allergy mediators - a decrease in vascular permeability, an increase in blood pressure, etc.

What to do in case of allergic reactions: drug therapy

Antihistamines – H 1 -histamine blockers– are competitive antagonists of histamine released from mast cells, and their affinity for H1-histamine receptors is significantly lower than that of histamine itself. Therefore, antihistamines do not displace histamine bound to receptors; they block receptors that are not occupied or released by histamine. Accordingly, H1-histamine blockers are most effective for the prevention of allergic reactions, and in the case of an already developed reaction, they prevent reactions to the release of new portions of histamine.

Thus, H1-histamine blockers are used for allergic reactions only as a additional means to reduce the duration and prevent relapses of the reaction. For allergic reactions, it is preferable to use drugs such as Terfenadine, Zyrtec, Astemizole - modern, highly active antihistamines with a minimum number of side effects.

What to do in case of severe allergic reactions?

When providing emergency care to patients with anaphylactic shock, speed and accuracy in completing prescriptions is required. Therefore in treatment rooms clinics, ambulances, nursing stations and paramedic stations must have appropriate sets of medications and disposable syringes and droppers. After emergency care, the patient should be hospitalized and observed in a hospital.

The principles of treating angioedema are the same as those for anaphylactic shock. For mild allergic reactions (urticaria, hay fever, allergic rhinitis), antihistamines and Ketotifen, a drug that suppresses the release of biologically active substances (histamine, leukotrienes, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis), are prescribed.

Let's look at the symptoms of allergies, the causes of their occurrence, treatment methods, as well as folk remedies for allergies. In the paragraph “How to treat allergies - recipes from the newspaper “Vestnik ZOZH””, specific examples how to get rid of allergies

Allergy is a disease immune system, which appears hypersensitivity body to any substances

Risk factors for allergies

1. Heredity
2. Reduced immunity
3. Use of antibiotics
4. Contacts with dyes, chemicals

Causes of allergies

Allergies can be caused by many substances. The substance that causes the allergy is called an “allergen.”

The most common allergens:

1. Plant pollen;
2. Food products (especially honey, chocolate, strawberries, citrus fruits, milk, cheese, eggs);
3. Wool, hair, skin, feathers, dandruff, nails, animal or human saliva;
4. House dust;
5. Medicines (any medicine can become an allergen);
6. Chemicals (paints, detergents and cleaners, food seasonings and preservatives, insect repellents)
7. Physical factors(cold or sun)
8. Infectious allergens(viruses, microbes, the toxins they produce, as well as worms and insect bites)

Causes of allergies and mechanism of action

Allergic diseases are hyperreactions of the body in response to exposure to an allergen. In people prone to allergies, specific immune cells and special proteins accumulate in the body. Upon entry, the allergen combines with them; during this reaction, substances with strong damaging properties enter the blood, which cause an allergic reaction. At allergic inflammation in organs there is destruction of the structure, swelling, redness, increased temperature, dysfunction, pain or itching occurs.

Allergy symptoms

Allergy symptoms depend on the organ in which allergic inflammation develops, and do not depend on the type of allergen. The forms of the disease can be so diverse that it can easily be confused with other diseases that have similar symptoms.

How does an allergy manifest when the respiratory system is affected?

Respiratory allergies, affecting organs breathing, is caused by allergens in the air and entering the body during breathing (dust, pollen, chemical substances). Signs of such an allergy: sneezing, itchy nose, nasal discharge, coughing, choking, wheezing in the lungs. On the background respiratory allergies bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis develop.

Very often, allergy symptoms can be confused with cold symptoms.

The difference between allergy symptoms and cold or acute respiratory infections symptoms the fact that with allergies the body temperature does not rise, remains normal, nasal discharge is clear and liquid, sneezing continues in series many times in a row. Allergy symptoms last much longer than a cold

How does an allergy manifest itself when the eyes and eyelids are affected?

With allergic inflammation of the eyes, ocular allergic diseases(conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelids, inflammation of the cornea, etc.).

The symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis are as follows: redness and swelling of the eyes, watery eyes, itching of the eyelids, feeling of “sand in the eyes”

How does an allergy manifest in skin lesions?

When the skin is damaged, a skin allergy appears - angioedema, urticaria (a rash resembling a nettle burn) or atopic dermatitis. Symptoms of skin allergies include itching and redness of the skin, eczema-type skin rashes, peeling, dryness, swelling and blisters. Skin allergies are caused by a wide variety of allergens: from foods to products household chemicals, cosmetics and medications.

Allergy in the form of hives is characterized by a rash of blisters on the skin, which is accompanied by severe itching and resembles a nettle burn. The blister is a small focal swelling with a diameter of several millimeters to 10 cm. Skin allergies in the form of urticaria occur on the torso, arms and legs, on the face, the temperature rises, and general weakness and malaise occur. Symptoms usually go away within 12 to 24 hours if the allergen stops entering the body

With damage to the gastrointestinal tract

If the disease has caused damage to the gastrointestinal tract, then the following symptoms are possible: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, swelling of the lips, tongue (Quincke's edema), and intestinal colic. From the gastrointestinal tract, an allergic reaction can be caused by foods and medications.

One of the symptoms of an allergy may be anaphylactic shock- confusion or loss of consciousness, drop in blood pressure, cessation of breathing, involuntary urination and some other signs. Typically, this reaction can be triggered by insect bites or medications.

Treatment methods

There are several options for treating allergies key points:
1. Preventing body contact with allergens. Do not use upholstered furniture, carpets, heavy curtains, down pillows and mattresses in the apartment, do not keep animals or houseplants, do not use aerosols. Carry out wet cleaning of the apartment 1-2 times a week.
2. Treatment with medications that reduce the severity of symptoms
3. Desensitization – reducing the body’s pathological sensitivity to the allergen (usually this is achieved by gradually introducing the allergen to the patient in increasing doses).
4. Methods alternative medicine– treatment with folk remedies

How to treat allergies with folk remedies

How to treat allergies with mumiyo

A fairly effective remedy for allergies is mumiyo. Mumiyo is diluted in a concentration of 1 g per 100 g boiled water. If you have skin allergies, then you need to lubricate your skin with this solution. They also take mumiyo orally, reducing the concentration by 10 times - 2 tsp. This solution is stirred in 100 g of water and drunk once a day - in the morning. When treating children under five years of age, the dose is halved.
The course of treatment is 20 days.

Traditional treatment with eggshell powder

Eggshells are common knowledge. folk remedy against allergies. After meals you need to take 1/4-1/3 tsp of eggshell powder. with 2 drops lemon juice until complete recovery. Gradually, the reaction to allergens in the form of skin rashes will disappear to zero. If children are allergic, then reduce the dose by 2 times

Juice treatment

A very useful and effective remedy for allergies are carrot juices with fresh cucumber and beets (10:3:3) 2-3 glasses daily for several weeks - 1-2 tsp. 3 times a day half an hour before meals.

Duckweed for treatment at home

A very effective remedy in the folk treatment of allergies is duckweed. There are several ways to use it.
1. You can use dried duckweed powder 1 tbsp. l. three times a day before meals. You can prepare a 1:1 mixture of duckweed and honey.
2. Put 10 teaspoons of fresh duckweed in half a liter of vodka and leave for a week. Take 15-20 drops 3 times a day, diluted in water, as an anti-allergy remedy that quickly relieves its symptoms.
3. Dilute ground dry duckweed into powder in water and drink this mixture. Or simply add duckweed to soups and salads. This is a very useful folk remedy

Allergies can be treated with honeycomb.

At allergic diseases(if there is no allergy to bee products) it is recommended to chew honeycombs 2-3 times a day for 10-15 minutes, and in bright severe symptoms It is recommended to chew honeycombs more often – up to 5 times a day.

Instead of honeycombs, you can use a bar - the caps of the honeycombs, which are cut off when pumping out honey. After 6-8 months of treating allergies with this remedy, the disease goes away completely.
Suitable for treating children and adults.

A set of folk remedies and methods for allergies

1. Cleanse the body using activated carbon and juice: Activated carbon 1 tablet for every 10 kg of weight, drink for 1 week. After this, drink a mixture of apple and cucumber juices for 5 days (at urolithiasis- only after consulting your doctor).
2. Boost immunity. Saturate the gastrointestinal tract with beneficial microflora, drink yogurt, kefir, bifidok for 1 month.
3. Watch your diet: Table salt replace either sea or soy sauce. Eat 1-2 fresh apples + porridge with water in the morning. Minimize your consumption of bread from yeast dough. Drink fresh juices. Avoid black tea and coffee.

Treatment with dandelion juice

Dandelion will help get rid of allergies. Squeeze the juice from dandelion leaves and dilute with water 1:1. Take 3 spoons in the morning and afternoon 20 minutes before meals. When treating allergies in children, reduce the concentration of the solution by 5 times. The course of treatment with this remedy is 1.5 months

Treatment of allergies with activated carbon

Crush 5-7 tablets (depending on weight) of activated carbon, take orally with water. Do this every morning. This is a simple and very reliable folk remedy for allergies of any origin, but you need to take charcoal for a very long time, from six months to several years, until the illness will pass. According to other data, treatment with activated carbon cannot be carried out for more than 1 week - activated carbon, along with toxins and harmful microorganisms, removes beneficial ones, and dysbacteriosis and gastritis can begin. When taking charcoal, be attentive to your well-being. Often, when treating with activated carbon, this remedy is used in large doses only a few days until the acute allergy symptoms disappear. Then the dose is reduced: take 1 tablet of activated carbon once every three days.

Also, after relieving acute symptoms with charcoal, you can continue treating allergies with garlic, which acts in the body like activated charcoal, but does not have undesirable side effects, but on the contrary, simultaneously improves the functioning of all body systems. You need to take a paste of one clove of garlic diluted in 50 g of water 3-4 times a day after meals.

How to treat allergies - recipes from the newspaper “Vestnik ZOZH”

Treating allergies at home with dandelion and burdock roots

The roots need to be dried, ground in a coffee grinder, and the powder from these plants mixed in equal proportions. Pour 2 tbsp. l. mix with 3 glasses of water and leave overnight. In the morning, boil for 10 minutes, leave for 30 minutes. Take 0.5 cups before meals 5 times a day. After using this folk treatment for allergies, relief came on the second day, itching and rash decreased. (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2010, No. 10, p. 32)

Shevchenko mixture against allergies in adults

For many years, the woman suffered from allergies to washing powder, soap, tomato tops and cucumbers. I decided to take Shevchenko’s mixture (vodka with oil 1:1) to prevent cancer. As a result, the allergy completely disappeared. (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2008, No. 20, p. 33).

Another woman suffered from a severe allergy to tree pollen for 7 years. In the spring, before flowering, I started taking Shevchenko’s mixture 3 times a day and 2 times a day, 1 mummy tablet for 10 days. Her allergy symptoms have weakened several times; the allergy during flowering goes almost unnoticed. (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2006, No. 15, p. 32). The third woman suffered from allergies to ragweed and sunflower pollen for 27 years. After taking Shevchenko’s mixture (30 g of vodka per 30 g of oil): from March to June 3 times a day, from July 1 time a day, she never developed an allergy to pollen (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2001, No. 23, page 21).

How to treat allergies in adults with St. John's wort

Fill a liter jar halfway with fresh St. John's wort, add vodka, leave for three weeks. Drink 1 tsp. twice a day. The woman suffered from allergies for many years: she had a constant allergic runny nose and conjunctivitis. When she drank the entire portion of the tincture, her allergy went away (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2005, No. 5, p. 32).

Lentil treatment

Lentils are good for treating allergies. You need to take 500 g of lentil straw or 200 g of lentil grain, boil in three liters of water for 10 minutes, strain and pour this infusion into the bath. Take a bath for 30 minutes. The effect of this remedy will increase if you add a decoction of 200 g cooked in the same way to the lentil broth. pine needles and kidneys, as well as use lentils in the diet. (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2005, No. 8, p. 26).

Herbal treatment

Strawberry leaves - 3 parts, wormwood - 2 parts, nettle, burdock root, dandelion root - 4 parts each. Crumble and mix everything. 1 tbsp. l. pour the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water in a thermos and leave overnight. In the morning, strain and drink during the day in three doses. (HLS 2005, No. 10, p. 25).

willow bark

Prepare a decoction of goat willow bark: 2 tbsp. l. crushed bark, pour 300 g of cold water and boil over low heat for 10 minutes, cool, strain, drink 50 g before eating. This decoction treats allergies of various origins. A decoction of goat willow bark should be dark brown, if it turns out green and bitter, then it is willow bark. It also helps get rid of allergies, but its effect is weaker. (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2004, No. 7, p. 25) (Healthy Lifestyle 2002, No. 8, p. 19).

Zabrus in the folk treatment of allergies in children and adults

The woman had an allergy for more than seven years all year round. After 8 months of treatment with zabrus (honeycomb caps), the allergy disappeared. Zabrus was added to tea and chewed throughout the day, like chewing gum. (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2004, No. 19, p. 13).

Chalk in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

If your eyelids suffer from allergies, you need to buy school chalk, rub it with your finger and spread the “dust” on your eyelids. Do it several times a day. For allergic itching of the skin, lubricate the itchy areas with hydrogen peroxide, when dry, powder with chalk. (HLS 2004, No. 24, p. 19).

How to treat allergies with a golden mustache

The man suffered from allergies for a long time, especially to pollen - allergic rhinitis and suffocation appeared... A single dose of golden mustache tincture during attacks of suffocation saved him from allergy symptoms for 2 hours. Then he began to take the tincture regularly, 1 tbsp. l. an hour before meals. After three years, the allergy was completely cured, and I also managed to get rid of chronic hemorrhoids. (HLS 2003, No. 8, p. 3).

Celery and garlic in treating allergies at home

Extract the juice from celery roots and leaves. Keep refrigerated. Apply 1 tbsp. l. juice 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Allergic rhinitis passes quickly. Garlic also helps, you need to grate it, wrap the pulp in a double layer of gauze and rub along spinal column at night for 10 days. (HLS 2002, No. 1, p. 19).

Treatment of dust allergies using the Frolov simulator

After a month of training on the Frolov simulator, the allergy to house dust. (recipe from Healthy Lifestyle 2002, No. 13, p. 24).

Eggshell

Wash the shell of one egg, dry it and crush it into powder - this is the daily norm for an adult, it can be taken in 1 dose and can be drunk throughout the day. Before use, extinguish the shells with a few drops of lemon juice. Allergy symptoms sometimes disappear within a week, sometimes after a few weeks. (HLS 2001, No. 11, p. 18). (HLS 2001, No. 12, p. 11).

Allergic rhinitis - treatment with tar

A woman has a stuffy nose after a cold. They diagnosed sinusitis, treated it for a long time, even gave it a puncture. But nothing helped. My nose was constantly blocked and I could only breathe through my mouth. Then they sent me to an allergist and diagnosed allergic rhinitis. They prescribed medications, injections, drops, aerosols, and diet. All these allergy remedies brought only temporary relief. As soon as I stopped taking the medicine, everything returned with renewed vigor. One day, a friend recommended her a recipe that helped her cure her allergies at one time. Every morning, 30 minutes before breakfast, drink half a glass of warm milk with birch tar on an empty stomach. On the first day, 1 drop of tar, on the 2nd day - 2 drops, etc. up to 12 drops. Then back - from 12 to 1 drop. The woman completed one such course of treatment, then took a week-long break and repeated it - as a result, her nose now breathes freely, without any drops or aerosols (HLS 2011, pp. 8-9, No. 13)

Treatment of allergic rhinitis with diet

The woman suffered from allergic rhinitis since childhood; at five in the morning her nose usually became stuffy, a lot of mucus came out, and she had to blow her nose until noon. Once in one article she read that some people do not digest dairy products, but cause the accumulation of mucus in the body. I decided to give up dairy products for two weeks, including “hidden” milk - in baked goods, chocolate, candies, cookies. All symptoms of allergic rhinitis have disappeared. After that, she decided to completely give up dairy products, 4 years have passed, she keeps her allergies under control, but if she eats something dairy when she really wants it, allergic rhinitis occurs again. (HLS 2010, p. 9, no. 23)

Skin allergies – Treatment with folk remedies – how to treat allergies on the skin – on the face

How to treat allergies with celery

An effective folk remedy against skin allergies is celery root juice.
Take 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals. Helps well with allergic urticaria.
There is another method of treatment with celery, it is slightly less effective, but easier: 2 tbsp. chopped fragrant celery roots pour a glass of cold water, leave for 3-4 hours, strain and drink 1/3 glass 3 times a day half an hour before meals. The course of treatment is at least 20 days. After 10 days the course can be repeated.

Traditional treatment of skin allergies with herbs

Baths with the addition of an infusion of pansies or wild rosemary help well: 4 tbsp. l. pour 1 liter of boiling water over the herbs, leave for 30 minutes, add to the bath.

Skin allergies - treatment with nettles

Take 1 tbsp. l. herbs, or preferably dead nettle flowers, pour 1 tbsp. leave boiling water for 30 minutes. Drink 1/2 glass 4 times a day. Helps get rid of allergic rash, urticaria.

Chamomile treatment at home

Baths, lotions, and chamomile poultices are made from chamomile infusion: 2-3 tablespoons of flowers are brewed with boiling water and stirred until a paste-like mass forms, which is placed hot on a clean cloth and applied to the affected areas.

Elecampane

Elecampane decoction relieves itchy skin for allergic neurodermatitis and urticaria. A decoction is prepared from the roots and rhizomes of elecampane in a ratio of 1:10 (with water), boil for 10 minutes and take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.

How to get rid of skin allergies with chamomile

1 tsp. pour 300 ml of boiling water over the fruits of fragrant dill and leave for an hour. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day for skin allergies.

Korostovnik

Pour 1 tbsp. l. spoons of field bark herb 1 glass of boiling water, leave, strain. Drink 0.5 glasses a day for prolonged allergic dermatitis.

Allergies on the face - traditional treatment - recipes from the newspaper Vestnik ZOZH

Sulfur and tar in the folk treatment of facial allergies

For allergies on the face, the following folk remedy will help: Turn 3 g of sulfur into powder. Melt 100 g of lard in a water bath. Pour 2 tbsp into a mug. spoons of pharmaceutical birch tar, add 1.5 tbsp. spoons of melted lard, sulfur powder. Put on fire and cook for 3 minutes. The ointment is ready. Apply to face once a day at night. Wash off in the morning warm water with soap. Course – 3 months. (HLS 2007, No. 13)

Horseradish against allergies

The water made the skin on my face look like oak bark. They recommended the following folk remedy: grate horseradish root, squeeze out 1 tbsp. l. horseradish juice and mix with 1 tbsp. l. sour cream, leave for 1-2 days. Wash your face well at night and rub the prepared mixture into your facial skin. Do the procedure 2-3 times. The allergy went away quickly. This folk remedy also helps against acne. (HLS 2009, No. 23, p. 30)

Folk remedy – mint mask

How to get rid of allergies on the face and body in 1 week

The woman had allergies for more than 20 years. The whole body itched, the face was covered with spots and blisters. Doctors prescribed a new medicine each time. Once I stopped her on the street unknown man, and asked what was wrong with her face, she told everything about her illness. he advised picking birch leaves and drinking in glasses instead of tea. The patient drank this tea for only a week and forgot about her allergies. 26 years have passed since then. re-treatment not required. (HLS 2011, p. 31, no. 9)

Skin allergies - traditional treatment - recipes from the newspaper Vestnik ZOZH

Cabbage pickle

If you have skin allergies or itching, you can try to lubricate the rash areas cabbage brine. Relief comes immediately. After 5-6 procedures, allergy symptoms will disappear completely. (HLS 2010, No. 4, p. 33)

Chamomile against allergies

3 tbsp. spoons of chamomile flowers pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, leave, rinse the rash areas with warm infusion. Prepare ointment. To do this you will need softened butter and peach kernels. They must be dried and ground into powder, mixed with butter 1:1. This ointment can be replaced with another - from celandine with lard (1:10). Immediately after rinsing with chamomile infusion, generously lubricate the rash areas with the prepared ointment. In this method, the ointment can be prepared for future use, but the chamomile can be brewed fresh immediately before the procedures. (HLS 2007, No. 13)

Traditional treatment of allergies on the skin and face

When allergic skin lesions occur atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis. You can improve the condition of your skin by using baths with the addition of infusion of string and chamomile, sea ​​salt. If, during an exacerbation of allergies, the skin becomes dry, apply compresses: 3 tbsp. l. oatmeal pour 1 liter of hot milk, hold for 20 minutes, then rinse with warm water and apply rich cream.
For allergies on the face, the following mask will help: 2 tbsp. l. powder from dry mint leaves pour 2 tbsp. l. warm water, heat the resulting pulp to 60 degrees, cool, apply to the face for 20 minutes, covering soft cloth. (HLS 2004, No. 1, pp. 20-21).

Mustard in the folk treatment of skin allergies

Pour boiling water over dry mustard and anoint the affected areas overnight. In the morning the skin will be clean. (HLS 2004, No. 5, p. 26).

Jerusalem artichoke treatment at home

Make a strong infusion of Jerusalem artichoke leaves and wipe allergy-affected skin, take baths with this infusion. (HLS 2004, No. 15, p. 25).

Folk remedies against skin allergies in children and adults

1. Apply mashed celery leaves or ointment to the affected areas (mix mashed celery leaves with butter 1:1)
2. Make lotions and washes from an infusion of celery roots
3. Lotions and compresses from chamomile infusion
4. Baths with infusion of string
5. Take celery root infusion orally cold water(2 tablespoons per 1 glass of water, leave for 2 hours) 1/3 glass 3 times a day. Or take celery juice 2 tsp. 3 times a day.
6. Take duckweed fresh, dried or in the form of decoctions. Daily norm– 16 grams of dry duckweed
7. Infusion of dead nettle (1 tbsp per glass of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes) drink 1/4 cup 4 times a day.
8. Instead of tea, drink an infusion of succession (HLS 2004, No. 19, pp. 14-15).

Allergies in children - traditional treatment of allergies in children - recipes from the newspaper Vestnik ZOZH

Treatment of allergies in a child

Carrot tops in the treatment of allergies in children

Brew 10 sprigs from the tops of young carrots with half a liter of boiling water, leave for 3 hours. Wipe the affected areas with the infusion using a cotton swab several times a day. Take this infusion orally - 1/4 cup 3 times a day before meals. (HLS 2007, No. 18, pp. 30-31)

Complex method

You can use the following folk treatment for allergies in children, which gives good results:
1. Bath the child in an infusion of bay leaves and lubricate the body with a pharmaceutical zinc ointment.
2. Smear sea buckthorn berries or bathe in wormwood decoction.
3. Rosehip and sea buckthorn oils also help. (HLS 2007, No. 13)

Dandelion

The child could not eat sweets - a skin allergy began. In the spring, he was given an infusion of dandelion leaves for 1 month: pour boiling water over a handful of fresh leaves, let it cool, and give the child a drink. The child's illness has completely resolved. (HLS 2004, No. 7, p. 7).

Cabbage

The woman had three children and they all suffered from allergies - there were constant profuse rashes on the skin of the face and elbows, turning into eczema. She was offered this remedy: remove a few leaves from the cabbage and boil them in water until soft. Apply warm leaves to the affected skin for 2-3 minutes. The children's allergies quickly went away, the skin cleared up in all three. It is recommended to bathe infants with this disease in cabbage broth, or you can apply tampons soaked in cabbage broth to the wounds. (HLS 2001, No. 10, p. 21).

Carrot juice helps get rid of allergies in children

Allergic rashes in infants can be quickly cured carrot juice: Dip cotton wool in freshly squeezed juice and lubricate the area of ​​the body affected by the rash. After two hours, the number of rashes will decrease sharply. Carry out the procedure 4-5 times a day. After a couple of days, the rash completely disappears. (HLS 2005, No. 18, p. 30)

Treatment of allergies with herbs

Series

To change the body's reactions to allergens, it is recommended for several years to drink an infusion of the series 20 minutes before meals instead of tea.

This herbal collection is used as an effective remedy for allergies.:

viburnum flowers - 10 parts, string grass - 5 parts, wheatgrass rhizomes - 5 parts, sage leaves - 5 parts, elecampane roots - 3 parts, licorice roots - 2 parts.

2 tbsp. l. pour 500 g of boiling water over the mixture and leave in a thermos overnight, strain. Drink during the day in 4 doses 20 minutes before meals. The course of treatment with this allergy remedy is 3 weeks. Then a break of 1 week. Conduct three such courses. After the first course, allergy symptoms should subside

Raspberry allergy treatment

Pour 50 g of raspberry roots into 0.5 l. water, boil for 20 minutes over low heat. Take 2 tbsp. 3 times a day until the attacks disappear. Allergy symptoms disappear after 1-2 months of such treatment. But the course must last at least six months

Horsetail

1 tsp. horsetail herb pour 1 tbsp. boiling water Leave for 10 minutes, take half a glass 2 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals. Course – 1 month. Horsetail improves the condition of the entire body. When treating allergies with this remedy, you will significantly improve your overall health.

Treatment of dust allergies with herbs

Prepare herbal infusion:
Take centaury, St. John's wort, dandelion root, horsetail, corn silk, pharmaceutical chamomile and rose hips in the ratio 5:4:3:2:1:1:3. 1 tbsp. l. collection, pour 1 glass of water, leave overnight, bring to a boil in the morning, leave for 4 hours. Drink 1/3 glass 3 times a day before meals. The course of treatment is six months.

Nettle in herbal treatment of allergies

Nettle - 2-3 tbsp. Dry crushed nettle flowers pour 0.5 liters of boiling water into a thermos, leave for one and a half to two hours, strain and drink half a glass 3-4 times a day before meals.

Viburnum bark

Pour 2 tablespoons of viburnum bark with 1 cup of boiling water, simmer over low heat for 20 minutes, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Drink 0.5 cups 2 times a day after meals.

Mint

Pour 2 tbsp. l. peppermint herbs 0.5 cups of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day. When treating allergies with herbs, you can also add mint when brewing tea. It is advisable to drink green tea, especially during exacerbations

Line and hops

Mix hop cones and string grass in a 1:1 ratio. 1 tbsp. l. Brew the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Drink the infusion hot at night. The course of treatment with this allergy remedy is at least a month. Pour 0.25 cups of crushed hop cones with 1 cup of boiling water. Leave, covered, for 20 minutes, strain. Drink 0.3 glasses 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Collection of herbs

Mix powdered plants in equal proportions: cinquefoil root (kalgan), bay leaves, calendula flowers, string grass. 2 tbsp. l. pour 0.5 liters of boiling water over the mixture, leave overnight in a thermos, strain and add 2 teaspoons apple cider vinegar and the same amount of dark honey. Drink 0.3 glasses 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. You should take eggshell powder after meals. white on the tip of the knife. Continue this treatment until complete recovery for 3-12 months.

Herbs in the treatment of skin allergies

Baths with the addition of an infusion of pansies or wild rosemary help in the treatment of allergies: 4 tbsp. l. pour 1 liter of boiling water over the herbs, leave for 30 minutes, add to the bath.

Infusions of mint, calendula flowers, and chamomile are widely used in the treatment of allergies. If you are allergic to pollen, it is recommended to gargle with an infusion of soothing herbs - motherwort, valerian.

Today, allergies are considered one of the most common pathologies. Moreover, the reasons and forms of manifestation of the body’s response to a stimulus can be completely different. Therefore, each case must be considered separately. Allergic reactions can occur at any time and in anyone. However, this cannot be considered a disease. What is an allergy, how does it occur and what to do about it - you will learn in this article. Moreover, you will have an idea of ​​how to cope with this condition in adults and children.

What is an allergy?

Current doctors are not inclined to consider this condition a disease. However, it can not only be unpleasant, but also life-threatening. Allergic reactions are the response of the immune system to any irritant. At the same time, the sensitivity of the body increases many times.

The reaction can manifest itself in different ways: intense and not very intense; in the form of marks on the skin, breathing problems, runny nose. And allergies can be specific and nonspecific. It should be noted that often a person experiences acute reaction to an irritant, which can be very dangerous. In addition, anaphylactic shock and respiratory arrest may occur. Some types of reactions lead to fatal outcome. Let's consider what it can be in more detail.

Types and types of pathology

Allergic reactions are not all the same. The mechanism of their occurrence is very close, but they manifest themselves in completely different ways. Exist different types allergic reactions.

1. Specific. In this case, a certain period of time is provided during which the allergen acts on the body. That is, the reaction does not appear immediately, not after the first contact.

2. Nonspecific. In this case, the body reacts instantly.

In addition, allergic reactions can be immediate or delayed. The first type includes skin and systemic pathologies. They occur 25 minutes after the action of the stimulus. They manifest themselves in different ways and can sometimes be life-threatening (Quincke's edema).

As for delayed reactions, the period of manifestation may take several hours or even days. It should be noted that there can be many reasons for the manifestation of pathology, so each specific case must be considered individually. Naturally, there are symptoms that are nonspecific.

You can also highlight different types allergic reactions.

• Anaphylactic (urticaria, asthma).
• Cytotoxic (allergy to drugs, Rh conflict in newborns - cell membranes are damaged).
• Immune complex (antigens are deposited on the walls of blood vessels: conjunctivitis, dermatitis, serum sickness).
• A condition in which antibodies help stimulate the functioning of other cells.

This is a rough list that includes the most common types of allergic reactions.

Reasons for appearance

There are many factors that contribute to the appearance this state. Among them are the following:

• Bites from insects or other animals.
• Dust.
• Bed mites.
• Mold spores.
• Medications.
• Animal fur or saliva.
• Some foods (especially honey).
• Cold and sun.
• Household cleaning products (chemical).
• Pollen from flowers and other plants.
• Latex.

In principle, possible allergic reactions may have different reasons occurrence. You may have a completely atypical reaction to any irritant that your immune system finds dangerous. For example, some people even suffer from water. And an allergic reaction to insect bites can lead to fatal consequences.

Mechanism of development and symptoms of pathology

Now let's look at how the presented state arises. Whatever allergic reactions may be, they have the same mechanism of development.

1. The stage of the body meeting the stimulus (immunological). At this stage, the production of antibodies begins. Although this does not always happen. Often the body's response is visible after the second or subsequent exposure to the antigen.

2. Stage of damage tissue cells(pathochemical). They contain the substances serotonin, histamine and others. Before this, the mediators are in an inactive phase. It is thanks to them that the body’s inflammatory reaction to the invasion of the irritant occurs.

3. Stage external manifestations allergies (pathophysiological). It is at this stage that you can already see different symptoms pathology.

As for symptoms, they vary.

• Allergic reaction on the skin: red spots, rash, blisters, itching.
• Swelling of the mucous membranes.
• Runny nose.
• Sneezing.
• Tearing.
• Redness of the eyes.
• Inflammatory processes.
• Choking (Quincke's edema).
• Anaphylactic shock (drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness and even respiratory arrest).

In any case, an allergic reaction to insect bites or other irritants should be quickly eliminated.

Features of allergies in children

Today, pediatricians are increasingly encountering this problem in children. There may be many reasons for this: hereditary predisposition, polluted air, poor nutrition, intolerance to mother's milk (lactose) and others. Allergic reactions in children can also manifest themselves in different ways: in the form of eczema, diarrhea, urticaria, pain in the abdominal area. In addition, other symptoms may be present: swelling of the mucous membranes, suffocation, fever, and other types of skin rashes. The most terrible condition is anaphylactic shock, as it develops much faster than in adults.

It should be noted that allergic reactions in children appear very quickly - within a few hours. In order to help the child cope with the situation in the least painful way, it is necessary to immediately eliminate the irritant. Then you can only use medications prescribed by your doctor (antihistamines). In addition, medications should only be given to a child when there is real threat life.

You should also prevent the occurrence of allergies. It consists of following a diet, eliminating the source of irritation, periodic treatment. Naturally, children with such a diagnosis must be registered with an allergist.

How is an allergy determined?

Of course, if any symptoms of pathology appear, you must consult a specialist. Naturally, an allergic reaction on the skin is visible to the naked eye, but the doctor will tell you how to treat it correctly so that there are no complications.

Various methods are used for diagnosis.

1. Skin test. It is performed quickly and very simply, and the study allows you to find out which stimulus was effective. To do this, you should inject it into the skin a large number of different allergens and observe the body's response. Typically the procedure takes no more than 20 minutes. Such tests can be done at any age and only under the supervision of a specialist. Before the study, you should not take antihistamines for two days. There are also application tests that give a more accurate result.

2. A thorough blood test to determine the amount of IgE antibodies in the blood. It should be carried out if the first type of research did not provide the necessary picture. The result is usually ready within one to two weeks. The disadvantage of this test is that it cannot determine how severe an allergic reaction a patient may have.

3. Provocative test. This method allows you to quickly detect the allergen and make an accurate diagnosis. In order to cause a reaction, a specific irritant is used, so the test should only be carried out in a hospital setting under the supervision of doctors who can quickly help in the event of a severe attack.

Naturally, many allergies can be detected with the naked eye. However, you must be absolutely sure of the accuracy of the diagnosis. Therefore, a visit to the doctor is mandatory. Remember that it can save your life and make it more comfortable.

What is an acute allergy?

Usually, in this condition, the immune system reacts to the irritant instantly. Moreover, the answer can be very strong. In some cases you even have to call ambulance. This could be an allergic reaction to a wasp sting, as well as other insects (or animals), or to some other irritant.

It should be noted that such a response of the body can be very strong, it can lead to anaphylactic shock. In this case, the person loses consciousness, his blood pressure drops and breathing often stops. Therefore you should start immediately resuscitation measures. Your first aid kit must contain medications fast action, which will help relieve symptoms or wait for an ambulance. In any case, the attending physician must be notified of the incident.

First aid

An acute allergic reaction can be very dangerous and even lead to death, so you need to deal with the pathology responsibly. There is no point in delaying the elimination of this rather serious condition. However, before the doctors arrive, you must perform certain manipulations that will prevent the occurrence of the most severe symptoms. Let's consider the question of what first aid should be for allergies, as well as how it should be treated.

So, if you have intolerance to certain foods, then washing the stomach with a special aqueous solution of salt or soda will help get rid of the symptoms. In addition, it can relieve an allergic reaction cleansing enema. The water must be warm. In this case, you can add to the liquid vegetable oil. In order to eliminate the effect of produced toxins on the body, you can take the following drugs: Fenistil, Enterosgel, Zyrtek. They also help stop the release of histamine in large quantities, so an acute reaction does not develop. After such an attack, you need to adhere to a certain diet for several weeks that will help restore the body. Try not to eat certain foods (honey, nuts, milk, fish, eggs, fried and smoked foods).

Help for allergic reactions to medications should be immediate. Especially if the medicine was administered intravenously. Naturally, before using the drug you should read its instructions, although certain reactions have been observed even to antiallergic tablets.

The body's resistance in this case can cause serious consequences. Most often, the symptoms of this pathology are various skin rashes, bronchial asthma or rhinitis. In this case, you cannot self-medicate. Be sure to consult a doctor and undergo a thorough diagnosis using all the necessary tests. Also, do not take any more medications that caused you to experience symptoms.

An allergic reaction to a wasp or other insect sting most often manifests itself in the form of a rash, itching and redness of the skin. Additionally, some toxins that enter your body through saliva can cause a severe response, including angioedema and anaphylactic shock. In any case, you should first remove the insect sting. Next, apply a cold compress to the damaged area for 15-20 minutes - this will reduce swelling. If the bite is on a limb, try to apply a tourniquet above this area to prevent the poison from spreading further. At the same time, do not forget to loosen it every 30 minutes. An allergic reaction to a bite in children can be very severe. In any case, you will have to use some kind of antihistamines (Fenistil, Zyrtec). Also, try to avoid encounters with insects.

If you are allergic to dust, pollen or animal fur, you may experience a runny nose, cough, pain in the eyes, swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, as well as angioedema. In this case, it is necessary to urgently eliminate the irritant, wash off the particles that cause the body’s response from the body and clothes. You will definitely need to take antihistamines and call an ambulance (if you Taken measures had no effect).

You can relieve an allergic reaction quite quickly, but do not forget that such a pathology must also be treated.

Features of treatment

So, eliminate primary symptoms Allergies can be treated with certain medications. However, pathology cannot be left untreated. Only in this case will you be able to reduce the body’s reaction to the irritant the next time you encounter it. This is especially true for the immune system’s response to dust, insect bites, and pollen, because these factors are almost impossible to completely eliminate.

So, the first rule of treatment is to avoid contact with the allergen. Next, you need to conduct a thorough diagnosis and only then proceed to complex therapy. The drugs help eliminate symptoms and also reduce the degree of the body's reaction. The most effective medications are: Claritin, Loratadine, Tavegil, Suprastin, Telfast. They are applied first. These drugs block the action of histamine. Naturally, each of them has certain side effects (drowsiness, nervousness, dizziness), so the most optimal and most safe remedy should be selected by a doctor.

If you have a stuffy nose or difficulty breathing, then you will need the following medications: Oxymetazoline, Pseudoephedrine. However, they have some contraindications (age under 12 years, pregnancy and breastfeeding, hypertension). In addition, these medications should not be taken for a long time.

For the treatment of allergic or common bronchial asthma The most commonly used inhibitor is Singular. In addition to the drugs presented, there are other hormonal medications that can eliminate allergy symptoms. However, they should be taken only after consulting a doctor. Incorrect use hormonal drugs may lead to unpredictable consequences.

In addition to medicines direct action, you need to take vitamin complexes, immunotherapy procedures that will help reduce the body's sensitivity to the allergen.

To treat skin manifestations, ointments and creams are used along with oral medications. Timely treatment will reduce the strength of the reaction.

Folk remedies and allergy prevention

The presented pathology must always be under control. For this purpose they use various means. If you have an allergic reaction, treatment may be folk remedies. That is, home remedies also provide good effect. Naturally, you should definitely consult a doctor and use unconventional methods elimination of allergies only after its resolution. Otherwise, you can significantly worsen your condition. We present to your attention the most effective recipes, long tried by users.

1. Grind the eggshells using a coffee grinder and take a quarter of a teaspoon. For children, the dose can be reduced by half. In addition, try to dilute the raw materials with a drop of lemon juice. This remedy should be taken until the reaction disappears. That is, this method of treatment is suitable for those people who suffer from skin rashes.

2. Activated carbon will help remove some toxins from the body that can cause allergies. However, it is better to use white tablets as they are more effective. The medicine should be taken every morning. Moreover, it does not matter at all how exactly the reaction manifests itself. In addition, activated carbon can be taken regardless of the type of allergy. If you are having an acute attack, then a large amount taken pills will help reduce the severity of the reaction.

3. Reduce symptoms allergic rhinitis St. John's wort will also help with tear control. To do this, you need to fill half a liter jar with fresh grass and fill it with alcohol (vodka). The mixture should infuse for about three weeks in a cool place. You should drink the mixture several times a day, 1 small spoon.

4. An effective remedy chalk is used to eliminate skin manifestations of pathology. It is enough just to periodically lubricate the affected areas with it. If the reaction is accompanied by severe itching, then it is better to first wipe the skin with hydrogen peroxide and then sprinkle it with crushed chalk.

5. Garlic and celery are beneficial. To do this, squeeze the juice from the plants and put it in the refrigerator. You should take it one tablespoon several times a day before meals. This remedy is suitable for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. It is better to grate the garlic on a fine grater.

6. Chamomile decoction, infusion and lotions are effective. They should be used to treat skin lesions.

However, treatment is not the only thing you should do. In order for allergic attacks to torment you as little as possible, it is necessary to take various preventive measures:

Avoid any encounters with irritants;

Try to stick to the diet prescribed by your doctor;

Give up cigarettes and alcohol;

Exercise physical exercise or sports;

Try to carry out wet cleaning daily (if necessary, the procedure is carried out even several times).

Naturally, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system. To do this use fresh vegetables and fruits, multivitamin complexes. At the first symptoms of an allergy, try not to delay and take the antihistamine prescribed by your doctor.

These tips will help you quickly cope with a reaction to an irritant and significantly reduce its manifestation. But it is necessary to remember: any treatment should be carried out only after consultation with a doctor. Be healthy!

Allergy occurs as a result of an excessive reaction of the immune system to the entry into the body of a substance that it perceives as foreign. Antibodies produced for protection, trying to neutralize the foreign allergen, force certain groups of cells to release special allergy mediators, one of which is histamine. It is their effect on tissues and organs that leads to clinical manifestation allergic reactions.

The clinical signs and severity of the consequences of an inadequate protective reaction of the body are diverse. Allergic manifestations, their development and direction, and the set of allergens usually have an individual character. But most often the agents that cause an allergy attack are:

Medicines (vitamins, antibiotics, analgesics, vaccines and others);
animal food products and plant origin, seafood;
dust, animal hair, pollen of seasonally flowering plants;
poisons various insects;
chemicals (cosmetics, detergents and cleaners, paints, varnishes, gasoline, technical oils and many others)
influence of high or low temperatures.

A substance that is completely harmless at first glance and has no effect on the people around them can cause a sudden acute attack of allergies in a particular person. Even without knowing what caused it, it is important to promptly identify the signs and take measures to prevent it. severe consequences. Sometimes only competent first aid can protect an allergic person from serious complications with health or even death.

Symptoms of an allergic attack

Severe watery eyes, itching and redness of the eyes;
stuffiness or intense watery discharge from a constantly itchy nose, frequent sneezing, loss of smell;
suddenly appeared persistent cough;
itchy rashes and redness of the skin;
swelling of the mucous membranes and skin;
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea;
temperature increase.

The listed symptoms are familiar to most people suffering from seasonal allergies on pollen of flowering plants, dust of various origins, certain products and medicines, cosmetics and washing powders. Typically, such manifestations are temporary and go away without consequences immediately after the allergen is removed; sometimes it is necessary to take antihistamine. But for some, allergies become a constant companion of life; they already know and try to avoid contact with substances that cause unpleasant consequences.

More dangerous are sudden and acute attacks of allergies, accompanied by the following symptoms:

Convulsions;
suffocation;
loss of consciousness;
decreased blood pressure;
state of shock.

Sometimes such a reaction to an allergen can be instantaneous, more often it becomes the result of rapidly increasing main allergic symptoms. Increasing swelling and skin lesions, difficulty breathing require taking urgent measures depending on the severity of the victim’s condition. Before the arrival of a doctor or ambulance, which is necessary in severe cases, it is important to help the allergy sufferer correctly and quickly.

Help with an acute allergy attack

Having accepted everything necessary measures to stop or minimize the influence of substances dangerous to an allergy sufferer, as well as in situations where it is impossible to identify or eliminate them, the victim is given an existing antihistamine. For quick removal symptoms as medications for up to medical care best suited:

Diphenhydramine,
tavegil,
suprastin,
cetrin;
Zyrtec.

It is useful to ventilate the room; fresh air is especially important for those experiencing suffocation. After taking medications, they try to ensure the patient’s peace, continuing to monitor his condition before arrival medical care. The doctor will need to be informed exact time appearance of the first allergic signs, possible reasons, the sequence and rapidity of the increase in symptoms, the localization and order of spread of skin rashes.

The patient's life is particularly dangerous acute edema larynx and Quincke's edema, localized on the mucous membranes oral cavity and soft palate. A sharp cough and a feeling of fullness at the site of swelling in both cases can quickly give way to suffocation. After the victim has taken an antihistamine, it is important to position it in such a way as to ensure maximum air flow, raise or turn the head to the side to prevent it from entering Airways vomit. Mustard plasters or hot foot baths are used as distractions.

Anaphylactic shock due to allergic attack It happens quite rarely, but you won’t be able to cope with it on your own. The most common cause of sudden death of allergy sufferers as a result of such a complication is insect bites ─ wasps, bees, bumblebees. Before the ambulance arrives, you need to remove the sting and apply a tourniquet above the bite site, give the maximum allowable dose (2 tablets) antihistamine. If breathing or heartbeat stops, carry out until medical help arrives. cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

The most reliable way to avoid an acute allergic attack is to know about individual allergens, avoided by everyone possible ways contact with them and have with you medications that quickly and effectively act on a specific type of allergy. It is especially important to remember: if any medical product causes even the slightest allergic reaction, the next time you take it can result in a shock reaction that is fatal to a person.

Allergic reactions are one of the common problems affecting almost every third person. First aid for allergies is extremely important, since this disease is not always harmless, and sometimes can be life-threatening.

Anaphylactic shock

This symptom is considered the most serious because it threatens human life. Allergen penetration into the body can occur by any means. This includes food, medicine, inhalation of any vapors, and insect bites.

This allergic reaction can be distinguished, first of all, due to its sudden and rapid development. It is accompanied by severe symptoms:

• strong increase in temperature;
• vomit;
• bradycardia;
• nausea;
• decreased blood pressure;
• tachycardia;
• loss of consciousness;
• allergic rashes.

Anaphylactic shock requires special and consistent measures.

1. Instillation of drops that have a vasoconstrictor effect into the nose. For this, it is optimal to use xylometazoline, for example;
2. Applying cold to the bite site (if it is the cause);
3. Take medications antihistamine action just as necessary;
4. If a person was initially seen by an allergist, pre-prescribed anti-allergenic drugs should be used.

If a person has previously experienced an allergic reaction, the first aid kit should initially contain some means to help bring the victim to his senses. Serious drugs Only a doctor should administer it to the victim, but glucose, prednisolone, and other drugs with antihistamine effects should always be available. It is important to note that in the latter case medications should not be taken exactly until the dropped pressure will not be raised again to the optimal point.

Since anaphylactic shock can cause not just loss of consciousness, but respiratory and cardiac arrest, you need to be prepared, if necessary, to begin immediate massage and the process of performing artificial respiration.

As soon as help is provided and the person is brought to his senses, he must be immediately delivered to the clinic.

Quincke's edema

The main danger of such symptoms is manifested in sudden swelling of the neck and face. It develops as rapidly as the previous reaction to the allergen and can lead to suffocation. In addition, swelling is accompanied by a number of symptoms. This may include hyperemia, hoarseness, fever, blue discoloration skin, headache and significant difficulty breathing.

The cause of swelling can be a bite or the administration of any medicine. In the first case, you can try to remove the poison, but in many of them such measures are useless. Therefore, at the first signs of edema, it is necessary to call an ambulance immediately, and provide first aid as quickly as possible. Initially, you need to put the person down and ask him to raise his limbs. Cold is applied to the injection or bite site, and a tight tourniquet is applied above this place.

Drink plenty of water in this case- the most important assistant. You can add activated carbon to it, which will help remove the remaining sorbent from the body. Additionally, the victim must take any anti-allergy drug. At the first sign of edema, intravenous prednisolone should be immediately administered. Even after the ambulance arrives and all symptoms are relieved, hospitalization is indicated.

Hives

It is less dangerous than the previous two symptoms, but it can cause many additional problems. With urticaria, a number of the following symptoms are observed:

• burning and itching;
• many blisters;
• recurrence of rashes after a month or a week;
• headache;
• fever.

From medicines in this case, glucose will help significantly. Will give the best result intramuscular injection, but a few tablets will be enough.

Self-medication, even just for urticaria, should not be done. It is better to consult your doctor first. First aid measures in this case will be as follows:

1. Allergen that caused sharp deterioration conditions should be isolated whenever possible. If you are bitten, you can try to squeeze out the poison, but if it is caused by taking any food or medication, you should immediately induce vomiting. If possible, then ideally you should give an enema, as well as rinse the stomach. But in some cases, gastric lavage measures are completely useless. For example, if the allergy was not caused by food. When allergies are caused by smell or pollen, first aid should begin with airing the room.
2. It is acceptable to rinse the mouth to cleanse the mucous membrane. In this case, you should never swallow.
3. Give the victim something to drink special drug, allowing you to eliminate allergies. Its action should be antihistamine. You can take fenkarol, suprastin, diazolin.
4. In order to initially relieve the symptoms of an allergic reaction, it is necessary to provide the victim with an influx of fresh air. The body position should be horizontal. Most best option- laying a person on his side. In case of possible vomiting, this arrangement will be the best. Also in this case it is ensured best current blood.

The occurrence of a rash requires the use of certain remedies that will help get rid of itching and somewhat reduce the manifestation of others. skin symptoms. In this case, compresses made from lemon balm, green tea or mint are excellent. Good influence ointments that have a hormonal effect also provide relief. But lotions made from diluted vinegar or alcohol products should be avoided altogether.