Preparation of disinfectant solutions. How to prepare and use soap and soda solution How to prepare soap and soda

Today, there are quite a lot of products on the chemical market that allow for very effective disinfection. Moreover, any manufacturer tries to convince us that the chosen product is completely safe and not harmful to our health. Sometimes his arguments can be quite eloquent, because the manufacturer provides us with all quality certificates and other relevant papers. But it often happens that when reading the composition of a product, we cannot assess its safety. After all, not all consumers are professional chemists and understand the toxicity of compounds and substances. This question becomes even more relevant if your family has small children. The safest disinfectant today is a solution consisting of laundry soap and regular soda.
As you know, baking soda and laundry soap are a good pair for any disinfection. Laundry soap dries the skin perfectly, so it has long been used to treat ulcers and pimples. What do you need to know about soap and soda solution? Firstly, this solution is absolutely environmentally friendly for humans; you will never have an allergic reaction to one of the components of the solution. But in order not to get the opposite effect, you must strictly follow the recipe for making this solution. In Soviet times, when there was not such a quantity chemical substances, only soap and soda solution was used for disinfection. Today, almost all the advantages of this product have been revealed. Soapy soda solutions, V Lately, began to be used in for cosmetic purposes and as a hygienic solution. But they use it only for external use.

Using a soap-soda solution

Probably every housewife has regular baking soda. But it can be used not only for preparing dough, but also as good remedy for cleaning surfaces. Baking soda is also used together with laundry soap as a hygiene product. They are perfectly capable of cleansing our body. As you know, baking soda is absolutely safe for human health. It cleans all surfaces very well, and, most importantly, it does not cause allergies.

Kitchen soda is known for having good antimicrobial properties. Laundry soap removes odors from things well and cleans any surfaces from dirt and grease. In order for disinfection in the house to be carried out more efficiently, our regular soap can be added to it. This mixture of soda and soap is in demand in clinics and kindergartens for cleaning premises. This solution is used for disinfection at such intervals as specified in sanitary standards. This disinfectant solution should be used for our household purposes in the event of an outbreak of any kind respiratory diseases or when there is a person in the room who is sick with infectious diseases.

This tool It is manufactured depending on what kind of surface you plan to process. Thus, you should take laundry soap and soda in different proportions.

Making a soap-soda solution

Enough already for a long time sodium bicarbonate is used both for the prevention of various diseases and as disinfectant. Let's look at how to make a soap-soda solution. First you will need laundry soap. And today it is sold both in pieces and in liquid form. If you bought a bar of soap, then you need to grind it. This is best done using a regular grater. As a result, you should end up with soap shavings that need to be poured cold water. The volume of water you need to take is about two liters. Next, put this mixture on the fire and wait for the soap to completely dissolve. You will need to add five tablespoons of baking soda to this solution. Next, you need to boil this solution for ten minutes, then leave it to cool and infuse. You need to ensure that the resulting solution turns into a thick mass.
You can use this disinfectant for cleaning the room, washing the floor, tiles. You can also wash dishes with this product. After all, not only does this product have a disinfectant effect, it also cleans grease well from any surface.

Disinfection of children's toys

The topic of disinfection of children's toys requires special attention. After all, children take toys with them outside, and then lick their fingers, and, as you know, germs and other things remain on the toys pathogenic organisms. To prevent your child from developing health problems, it is recommended to wash toys with a disinfectant. You can cook it yourself. All you need is 50 g of laundry soap and two teaspoons of baking soda. You must fill all these components with one liter clean water. And then, in a well-mixed solution, you need to wash the toys, then rinse and wipe them dry. As is known, in children's educational institutions, routine disinfection is carried out for the child. And at home you can do it as needed. Such preventive measures, can keep your baby healthy.

Soap and soda solution for washing dishes

Modern housewives are beginning to understand the importance of not only environmentally friendly things and products, but also dishwashing detergents. Therefore, they are slowly switching to homemade products. In order to make a good dishwashing detergent you will need: one piece of laundry soap, two liters cold water, about five tablespoons of salt and one spoon of mustard powder. All these components need to be brought to a full boil and wait until the mixture becomes like a paste. This product can be used to wash any, even the dirtiest, dishes. Mustard in combination with a soap-soda solution works well to remove grease from the surface of the stove. This dishwashing detergent is very cheap and very effective. Also, do not forget that there is absolutely no harm from such dishwashing detergent.

Since disinfection is carried out in connection with the desire to get rid of harmful microbes, therefore cleaning is best done using rubber gloves. During cleaning, it is very important to simultaneously ventilate the room itself where disinfection occurs. If you decide to clean in winter time years, then you can open the window for ventilation. But this stage is very important, since all the infection must leave the room. It is also important to talk about the frequency of cleaning. It is better to do it once a day. But total days should depend entirely on whether there are still sick people in the room or whether they have already begun to recover. Use these tips and recommendations for disinfecting surfaces with soap and soda solution. If you have any doubts about using these products, consult your dermatologist.

Soap is an almost universal product. By dissolving it in water, you can solve a lot of everyday problems and even give joy. Do you know where and how you can use soap solution and the right recipes its preparations?

It turns out that soap solution is used not only in the household sphere. It is actively used in massage, the oil industry and even in the manufacture of cartridges. This indicates the simplicity and reliability of such chemical agent. Having learned to cook it correctly, you will forever get rid of minor household troubles.

Every home has soda. This is not surprising, because housewives often use it for cooking. delicious dishes, cleaning the apartment. Sometimes it is used in cosmetology, and some even manage to lose weight with the help of the substance. She is also known as " ambulance“For a number of ailments - a soda solution allows you to relieve pain and calmly wait for the moment when you can see a doctor for help.

For a “medicine” to be effective, you need to know how to prepare and apply it correctly, because there is a recipe for treating every ailment.

A little about soda

In science, this substance is called sodium bicarbonate. The scope of application of soda is very wide. One of the areas of application is medicine. At home, you can prepare a pain reliever that will help you get rid of unpleasant symptoms.

But before you start using sodium bicarbonate, consider some cautions:

• If you need to apply the substance internally, keep in mind that it should not be highly concentrated. As a rule, people suffering from gastrointestinal diseases use a lot of this remedy. Usually for removal discomfort they drink a glass of water with soda. Doctors do not recommend using this approach often, because the course of illnesses may worsen;
• Try to keep your skin in contact with sodium bicarbonate as little as possible when preparing the “medicine,” even if you only need to add a spoonful of baking soda. Alkali may cause allergic reaction, peeling, redness of the skin;
• Do not allow the substance to get into your eyes or respiratory tract. If you come into contact with a large amount of it, use a respirator, and if it does get into your eyes, immediately rinse them with copious amounts of water;
• If you are on a low-sodium diet and are not under medical supervision, be careful when using sodium bicarbonate;
• The substance can react with some medications, so do not use it internally without consulting a doctor;
• Pregnant women and children under 5 years of age should not use soda during lactation.

In what situations is it advisable to use sodium bicarbonate in medicinal purposes?

For gargling

Everyone knows that soda solution is used to gargle when the throat hurts or a person suffers from a cough.

This treatment method is indicated for small cracks and when it is necessary to clean the mucous membrane. “Medicine” will allow you to quickly remove phlegm and restore your voice. The product is used for various colds, including tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis.

There are warnings for using soda for the throat:

• On early stages During pregnancy, baking soda while gargling can cause vomiting. In the second half of gestation there are no contraindications to the use of the product;
• It is not recommended to use it if you have diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Despite the fact that soda is an excellent antiseptic, it should not be used often to treat a throat. It can dry out the mucous membranes, which will not affect speedy recovery sick. The duration of the rinsing procedure should be no more than 5 minutes.

Recipe for “medicine” for adults: in a glass warm water(200 ml) dilute 2 tsp. soda

Recipe for “medicine” for gargling for children: take 0.5 tsp per glass of water. sodium bicarbonate.

For thrush

Thrush happens different types. It can affect children and adults – both women and men. The substance will eliminate burning, itching, and, in case of genital thrush, discharge. When using the product, you need to know that it should be at a temperature that is acceptable for your body.

To prepare a “medicine” for douching, washing, and rinsing oral cavity, dilute 1 tsp in a glass of warm water. substances. To wash, you need a large amount of liquid, so you need to prepare a solution at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. bicarbonate/1 liter of water.

Depending on the area of ​​localization of the disease, it is treated with different methods:

• Douching. This method should not be used during pregnancy without first consulting a doctor. The procedure must be performed twice a day. The soda solution must be collected in a douching device, which must be inserted into the vagina. Make sure that the pressure from the syringe is not strong, and that the liquid flows freely and does not linger in the genital tract. If you have any inflammation of the genital organs, this method cannot be used;
• Washing. The procedure should also be carried out twice a day. This method of treating thrush is suitable for both men and women. Prepare the substance according to the recipe described above, and after washing, do not rinse it off clean water, simply blot your genitals with an ironed towel;
• Baths with soda and iodine. Prepare the “medicine” at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. sodium bicarbonate, iodine (10 drops), liter of water. The duration of the procedure is no more than 10 minutes. This method of treatment is contraindicated for pregnant women, in the presence of cancer, thyroid diseases;
• Rinsing the mouth. Prepare a soda solution that you will use for thrush and rinse your mouth. For children, you can simply wipe their cheeks, tongue, and palate with a swab dipped in the product.

Despite the fact that the effectiveness of this remedy is very high, it is often impossible to cope with the disease with its help alone. In this regard, consult a doctor who will select a course of treatment for you.

For teeth

In what cases is soda solution used for rinsing teeth?

• For toothache. Often this painkiller is prescribed by dentists themselves so that the patient can temporarily get rid of pain. You should not assume that this method will allow you to quell the pain all the time, so you don’t have to rush to see a dentist - the substance will not be able to cure a bad tooth;
• The product allows you to remove pathogens from teeth;
• A sodium bicarbonate solution will get rid of unpleasant odor from mouth. As a rule, it helps only in cases where the odor is caused by microbes and not diseases internal organs, which also often provoke it.

Prepare the solution according to the following recipe: in a glass boiled water dissolve 3/4 tsp. soda Make sure that the substance is completely dissolved in the liquid. To relieve toothache and periodically after eating, rinse your mouth with the product. To more thoroughly treat the surface of the teeth, a soda solution is used to wipe them.

For effective removal For toothache, try to ensure that most of the product gets into exactly the part of the oral cavity where the source of pain is located.

For disinfection

Based on the fact that sodium bicarbonate is an excellent antiseptic, a mixture of the substance with water is often used for disinfection. It can be used as a detergent for dishes and almost any surface. In addition to helping to effectively deal with stains, the product will also get rid of germs.

Methodical manuals

• Caring for patients with liver cirrhosis

  Liver cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease accompanied by the destruction of normal liver tissue and the proliferation of non-functioning connective tissue that impairs the structure and function of the liver. Among people aged 45-65 years, liver cirrhosis is the third most common cause of death after heart disease and malignant tumors.

• Geriatrics

  Geriatrics - area clinical medicine, studying diseases of the elderly and old age, developing methods of their treatment and prevention in order to preserve the physical and mental health of a person until old age.
  

• Technique for performing medical procedures

  Carrying out doctor's orders related to patient treatment. Cupping, mustard plasters, medicinal baths, gastric lavage, enemas, bandaging techniques.

• Familiarity with the problems that arise from prolonged lying down and measures to prevent them

  The presentation describes typical problems that arise in bedridden patients, as well as generally accepted measures to prevent these problems.
  

• General care procedures

  Procedures general care for the sick. Description, methods of carrying out.
  

• Monitoring the patient

  Monitoring a patient - what to pay attention to, basic techniques for monitoring the patient’s condition. Available research methods.
  

• Old man

  There are now about 30 million elderly people in Russia: 4.3% of them are people over 75 years old. 3-4 million elderly people need constant medical and social assistance, and only 216-220 thousand people live in boarding schools.

• Bedridden patient

  Prolonged lying down or immobility of the patient is not as harmless as it seems at first glance. Immobility gives rise to many very serious complications. These complications significantly worsen the outcome of the underlying disease and are themselves serious diseases that contribute to the patient’s disability.

• Hygiene and self-hygiene of people in old age

  The mucous membranes of the skin undergo significant changes with age. They lose elasticity and their fluid content decreases. The protective function of the skin and mucous membranes also weakens, and therefore the frequency of various inflammatory diseases, including fungal ones.

• Features of the course of diseases

  It goes without saying that the course of most diseases in elderly and senile patients has characteristics. The combination of several diseases in a patient creates additional difficulties in treatment and worsens the prognosis for recovery.

• Patient safety

  General rules ensuring a safe environment for the patient, fire safety issues, and the use of medical equipment. Communication with a mentally ill person.
  

• General principles of caring for disabled patients

  Along with measures aimed at combating the disease, the patient needs to be provided correct mode, proper care behind him (physical regime, sanitary and hygienic conditions, food, assistance with departure physiological needs and conducting various procedures aimed at reducing the manifestations of the disease).

• Features of caring for elderly patients

  When caring for elderly and senile patients, they must be taken into account psychological characteristics. Some patients, trying not to notice the approaching or onset of old age, continue to lead the same lifestyle as in at a young age while performing significant physical activity. This usually has an adverse effect on the course of diseases, contributing to their progression and the development of complications.

• Care and monitoring of the patient at home

  It is always advisable to allocate a separate room for the patient, especially if there is a suspicion of infection, including influenza or acute respiratory disease. If this is not possible, you need to allocate for it the best part room, separating it with a curtain or closet.

When caring for a sick person, it is necessary to comply with the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime (SER) and remember that if you do not comply with the SER, you can become infected with an infectious disease from the patient or infect him.

Basic requirements for infection control

Speaking about SPER at home, it is necessary to highlight three main requirements:

Maintaining cleanliness

It is necessary to strive to maintain cleanliness in everything: the patient’s body, underwear and bed linen must be clean; the room where the patient is. It is necessary to ensure the cleanliness of dishes, bedpans, ducks, etc. We owe the patient who is on bed rest, create conditions in which he would feel good, always be clean, tidy and not at risk of complications due to poor care. First of all, this relates to the patient’s personal hygiene. Skin care plays an important role. We must keep our skin clean and maintain its integrity. With poor care, when sebum, sweat, and with them dust and microorganisms accumulate on the surface of the skin, this causes contamination and then infection. When the skin becomes dirty, itching appears, which leads to scratching and abrasions, that is, a violation of the integrity of the skin. This helps microorganisms on the surface penetrate deep into the skin. And this is especially dangerous for patients with weakened immune systems. Weakened immunity is observed in patients with chronic diseases: diabetes, cancer, severe forms renal failure. And also in elderly people with malnutrition, taking antibiotics for a long time and uncontrolled, in patients with bedsores.

Preventing the spread of infection

In the process of caring for seriously ill patients, you will definitely accumulate infected waste material: diapers, gloves, disposable syringes, needles, dressings, cotton balls, etc. You will throw all this into the garbage chute and containers that stand open near residential buildings. Cats, dogs, children, and homeless people have access to the containers. All of them can become carriers of infection, and in case of infection and disease - sources of infection. We have a responsibility to prevent the spread of infection. To this end, all waste material must be disinfected before being dumped into a container, then collected in plastic garbage bags and tied tightly.

Ensuring your own safety

With the patient's blood and others liquid media body (saliva, urine, bile) the hepatitis B virus, which is highly resistant in the external environment, the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS, and other infectious agents can be transmitted. You should always treat the patient's blood and body fluids as potentially contaminated. All of the above viruses can enter the human body through microtraumas, cracks and abrasions on the skin. Therefore, during all contacts with the patient’s blood and liquids, you must wear protective equipment (gown, apron, gloves). All cuts and abrasions must be covered with a waterproof plaster before starting work. After performing manipulations during which there was contact with damaged skin and mucous membranes, it is necessary to thoroughly wash your hands using a disinfectant solution, if it is not available, wash your hands with soap and water, then treat them with alcohol or vodka. Soak gloves in a disinfectant solution. To prevent needle sticks, do not put needle caps on after injection. Soak used needles and syringes in a disinfectant solution in puncture-resistant containers.

After performing manipulations during which there was contact with intact skin and mucous membranes, it is enough to wash your hands with water and regular soap. When washing your hands, it is better to use liquid soap with glycerin, which protects your hands from dryness and the formation of cracks, through which pathogenic microbes can also penetrate.

Infection control technique

The organization of SPER at home is carried out on the basis of orders of the Ministry of Health:

• No. 288 of 1976,
• No. 720 of 1978,
• industry standard 42-21-2-85
• methodological recommendations of the USSR Ministry of Health (appendix to order No. 408).

All of the above orders allow us to keep patients properly clean and avoid infectious complications.

To disinfect care items and premises, taking into account all the above orders, it is necessary to have a sufficient amount of disinfectants when caring for a patient: chloramine “B” (powder), chlorine-containing solution “Belizna”; detergents: laundry soap, washing powder, soda. As well as gloves, an oilcloth apron, an oilcloth lining, bags for collecting garbage, containers for soaking care items.

Chloramine. Chloramine "B" is necessary for the preparation of solutions.

• 1% solution of chloramine (10 g of chloramine is diluted to 1 liter of water) - this solution is necessary for disinfecting gloves, an apron, bedpan, oilcloth, for washing the floor, for treating hands.

Gloves are disinfected by complete immersion in the solution, soaking time is 1 hour. Apron, lining oilcloth - wipe twice with an interval of 15 minutes. Bedpan - rinse with solution after defecation and at the end of the working day. After disinfection with chloramine, all items are washed with running water, since this solution has irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes.

• 3% chloramine solution (30 g of chloramine is diluted to 1 liter of water). A 3% chloramine solution is necessary for soaking used needles, syringes, cotton balls and dressings, especially those used in the treatment of bedsores.

All these items are disinfected by complete immersion in the solution for 1 hour. After disinfection, they are disposed of and therefore are immediately collected in garbage bags.

Soap and soda solution. To wash the floor, you can use a soap and soda solution. It is prepared like this: 50 gr. detergent + 200 gr. soda + 10 l. water or 25 gr. detergent + 100 gr. soda and up to 5 l. water.

To process instruments (tweezers, clamps, scissors), use the following cleaning solution: 5 g. washing powder + 20 ml. 3% hydrogen peroxide solution + 1 l. water. This solution should have a temperature of 50-550.

Shelf life and use of disinfectant solutions. 1% and 3% chloramine solutions can be prepared in advance and stored in a closed container in dark place 14 days. In containers for soaking care items, this solution is used only for one day (24 hours). The cleaning solution for instruments is prepared immediately before use.

Compliance with SPER in the patient's room

First of all, the visiting nurse must organize her workplace and arrange the patient’s life. It is advisable to allocate a separate room for a sick or elderly person who will be cared for, and if this is not possible, a bright part of the room separated by a screen. A separate room makes it easier to carry out all procedures. It is advisable to remove unnecessary furniture from the room so that you can move freely in it, use wheelchair and clean the room. The room is cleaned 2 times a day - the floor is washed using disinfectants. For fecal and urinary incontinence, it is advisable to use a 1% chloramine solution. The room must be ventilated 3-4 times a day. The temperature in the room is maintained at about 200 C. Most apartments have central heating, and the air in them is dry. This in turn causes dryness of the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat. In patients who are constantly in bed, this causes coughing, leads to catarrhal symptoms, and nosebleeds. To prevent such complications, it is necessary to use humidifiers that are installed on radiators or wet sheets.

Clean underwear and bed linen must be stored in the patient's room. Items for hygienic care must be stored on a separate shelf and kept clean. Disinfectants and detergents It is advisable to store it in the bathroom or toilet room, because... chlorine-containing products often cause an allergic reaction and irritate the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Working solutions for soaking must be stored in jars or other containers with well-ground lids. It is better to allocate a separate bucket and rag as cleaning equipment. After washing the floor, disinfect the rag in a 1% chloramine solution (full immersion for 1 hour), then rinse with running water and store dry. A damp cloth is a favorable environment for the development of pathogens.

Patient care includes such manipulations as changing underwear and bed linen. You must prepare for these manipulations: put on a clean robe, an apron and clean gloves. To collect dirty laundry, prepare a bin or oilcloth bag; throwing laundry on the floor is strictly prohibited. After restoring the patient, you must wash your hands, treat your gloves with a disinfectant solution, and be sure to ventilate the room.

SPER when washing the patient

It is necessary to wash the patient wearing gloves and an apron. For washing, use only clean rags, which are stored in a clean bag marked “clean rags.” After use, the rags are placed in a bucket marked “dirty rags”, after being washed with laundry soap. This way the rags can be folded during the working day. At the end of the working day, the rags are washed and boiled with the addition of soda or other disinfectants, for example “Belizna”, “Bos Plus” powder for 15 minutes. Then rinse with running water and dry. After washing, gloves must be washed with laundry soap.

SPER when washing a patient

Sanitation can be partial (washing in bed) or complete (washing in the bathroom). To wash the patient, you must have a special rag or washcloth. It would be better if it was a piece of terry towel. After washing the patient, this rag is treated by boiling in a separate container for 15 minutes. Before washing the patient, treat the bath with a 1% chloramine solution.

Processing the enema tip

After use, the enema tip is soaked in a 3% chloramine solution for 1 hour, then thoroughly washed with laundry soap or in a detergent solution, washed under running water and boiled for 30 minutes. in boiled water. The clean tip is stored dry in a clean jar. The jar is pre-sterilized over steam. Store the clean tip in a sterile jar until next use.

Tool processing

After treating or dressing bedsores, the instruments must be soaked in a 3% chloramine solution for 1 hour, then rinsed with running water and transferred to a container with cleaning solution. In the washing solution, the instruments are washed from biological contaminants. After the cleaning solution, the instruments are washed with running water and boiled in boiled water for 30 minutes. Sterile instruments must be stored in a sterile jar. Sterilize the jar over steam and then cover with a clean lid. The jar must be marked “Sterile Instruments”. All containers for soaking care items must be labeled: 1% chloramine solution for soaking gloves, 3% chloramine solution for soaking tips, 3% chloramine solution for instruments, 3% chloramine solution for disposal, etc. To mark jars and other containers, you can use red medical oilcloth, which is hung with a bandage and is always easy to change. The date of preparation of the solution is also signed on this oilcloth. Containers for storing sterile instruments must be marked with the date of sterilization.

Nail treatment

To cut nails, you can use common scissors for all family members. If the nails are modified, then the patient needs to select separate scissors. After cutting such nails, the scissors are wrapped in a napkin moistened with vodka or cologne and wrapped in a plastic bag for 1 hour. IN in this case It is necessary to consult a doctor, and then treat the nails as prescribed by the doctor.

Flu patient

During a flu epidemic, you must only work with a patient wearing a mask. In case of influenza, the patient is given a separate container, which after use must be soaked in a 0.5% chloramine solution for 30 minutes, then rinsed with running water. Wet cleaning should be carried out with a 1% chloramine solution.

Precautions when working with chlorine-containing products

• Before preparing solutions, you must wear a gown, gloves and a mask;
• After preparing the solution or disinfection, wash your hands with soap;
• In case of contact with skin or mucous membranes, the affected area should be immediately rinsed with clean water;
• If it gets into the upper respiratory tract, rinse your mouth and nasopharynx with water.

Basic rules for washing hands

• It is better to open the water tap before washing your hands and close it after washing your hands using a clean paper napkin or paper towel;
• It is better to use liquid soap, with a single-use dispenser;
• If bar soap is used, it should be in a special soap dish that allows the soap to dry quickly after each wash. (Many types of microorganisms develop well in soapy water, which accumulates in ordinary soap dishes!);
• You need to soap your hands twice;
• When washing, it is necessary to achieve the formation of foam;
• It is necessary to thoroughly soap the folds between the fingers;
• You need to soap your hands for at least 30 seconds the first time, then rinse them off and soap them a second time;
• After washing your hands with bar soap, you need to wash off the soap suds from the bar of soap under running water and place it in a soap dish so that nothing prevents it from drying quickly;
• Rinse your hands thoroughly under running water;
• You should dry your hands after washing with a disposable napkin or paper towel;
• You should not share a towel, especially in an unfamiliar environment.

Basic rules for hand care when working with patients

• Hands should be bare to the elbow when working with a patient;
• Nails should be cut short;
• Dirt from under the nails must be thoroughly cleaned;
• False nails must not be used;
• You cannot hold a watch on your hands (their place should be pinned near the breast pocket), rings, or other jewelry;
• Do not use nail polish.

When to wash your hands

• Hands must be washed before working with a patient (at the beginning of the working day).
• Before preparing or serving food.
• Before feeding the patient or handling food.
• After visiting the toilet.
• Before and after caring for the patient (every time after the patient was turned over, the bedpan was taken out, the diaper was changed, etc.).
• Before caring for an immunocompromised patient.
• After contact with biological fluids body.
• Before and after wound and urinary catheter care.
• Before and after putting on gloves.
• Before taking dressing material, clean linen, clean care items, etc.
• After handling dirty laundry.
• After any contamination of hands.
• Hands are washed for the last time after finishing work with the patient.

Prevention of HIV infection

• Wash your hands before and after any patient contact.
• When caring for a patient, use disposable individual instruments and care items.
• Treat the patient's blood and fluids as potentially infectious and use gloves when handling them.
• Look at any linen that is stained with blood or liquid discharge as potentially infected.
• Store used material in special thick-walled containers.
• Do not cap injection needles after use.
• In case of an injection or injury, you must: thoroughly wash the injection site with 70% alcohol, then wash it with soap and water and re-treat it with 70% alcohol.

Almost every home has sodium bicarbonate or simply soda. Our grandmothers use soda wherever possible and wash dishes with it, add it to confectionery, and also use it for all kinds of rinses and baths. And indeed, soda has many useful qualities; it really effectively helps with throat diseases (in the form of a gargle mixture) or heartburn (soda with boiled water). If you don’t have baking powder for dough, you can use soda slaked with vinegar, and it’s generally an excellent product for washing dishes and cleaning burnt dough.

But for more effective washing dishes, disinfection or preventive baths use a solution of soda and soap (soap-soda solution). There are several recipes for preparing a disinfectant solution based on soda and laundry soap. The first recipe involves using a solid bar of seventy percent laundry soap. To prepare it, you need to grate the soap, then add two liters of cold water and put it on the fire and wait until the soap dissolves, stirring, then add five tablespoons of soda ash. After boiling, simmer the mixture on the fire for another ten minutes, then leave to cool overnight until a thick consistency forms. There is also now a liquid analogue of laundry soap. When using liquid laundry soap, the process of grating and heating the soap is eliminated. Soda and a little water are immediately added to the liquid soap, the entire consistency is brought to a boil, and just as in the first case, you need to leave the mixture to cool. This is a recipe for a regular soap-soda solution that can be used in everyday life.

You can also prepare a more liquid soap-soda mixture, which can be immediately used for cleaning or disinfection without diluting it after preparation. The basis for preparing 1% and 2% soap-soda solutions will be the already known, more concentrated and thick solution, which is diluted with 10 liters of water at the time of mixing all the ingredients. It is important that the mixture is homogeneous - this will be a 10% soap-soda solution.

To obtain a 1% soap-soda compound, you need to take 100 grams of a 10% solution and dilute it with 10 liters of water, and the solution is ready for use and for everyday cleaning and disinfection. For general and more thorough cleaning, you can prepare a more concentrated solution. Take the same volume (100 grams) of the thick solution and dilute it with less water (5 liters).

A special feature of the soap-soda solution is that it can be used not only as a disinfectant, but also as a cosmetic for the feet. Pure soda with water can harm the pH balance of the skin of the feet, so to make the bath more gentle, it is better to add liquid soap. To prepare a bath, you need to dissolve 30 grams of soda and 100 grams of liquid soap in two liters of non-hot water; if you add 70% laundry soap, then 50 grams is better. If the mixture is too thick, it is better to add warm water. The use of such a bath helps to cleanse the skin of the feet, softening rough skin, which can then be easily exfoliated with pumice. After the procedure, rinse your feet clean. warm water and pat dry with a towel. So that the skin gets nutrients. Apply a rich nourishing cream or foot oil so that the cream is better absorbed and put on socks. Such baths not only help soften and cleanse the skin, but also help get rid of unpleasant foot odor after wearing closed shoes.

You can wipe food products that have a shell with a soap-soda solution before cooking, but after wiping with the solution, be sure to rinse under running or cooled boiled water.

Compositions in which the main ingredient is sodium bicarbonate - baking soda - have been used for many centuries as a substance that has an effect in the treatment of diseases, as well as as a wonderful household remedy. Ingredients are often added to soda-based products, which on their own can have a weak one-sided effect, but when combined with soda, it turns out to be strong and active agent. This combination is typical for a mixture of soap and soda.

To achieve a good result when using this composition, you need to know exactly how to prepare a soap-soda solution correctly.

Range of application of the solution

Soap-soda solution is used:

• for cleaning at home;
• for baths and trays for cosmetic purposes.

Laundry soap is anti-allergenic, made from environmentally friendly products of modern chemistry. The composition of laundry soap is very simple. It only includes fatty acid And sodium salt. Based on it, other types of soap are made by introducing chemical dyes and fragrances. Since soap contains alkali, in combination with baking soda for disinfection and treatment of fungal diseases, this is the best local remedy. To prepare solutions, use laundry soap with 72% fat content, without impurities and fragrances.

When combined with baking soda, the antibacterial, alkaline, antiseptic, and cleaning properties of products with laundry soap increase. The drying properties of soap have beneficial effect in the treatment of open skin lesions, purulent wounds. Soap and soda solution is safe for human health if you follow the correct dosage and know the instructions on how to prepare the soap and soda solution.

Back in Soviet times, when people were not spoiled by such a huge assortment of detergents and cleaning products, laundry soap and soda were used for disinfection in hospitals infectious diseases hospitals, in preschool institutions for disinfecting toys and cleaning premises. Today, the range of uses of soap and soda solutions has expanded significantly - they are used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes for external use.

How to prepare solutions for disinfection

To carry out disinfection in a home, especially when there is a patient with an infectious or viral disease in the house, you need to know how to prepare a soap-soda solution for disinfection. It is imperative to take into account the proportions of the solution per square meter of area when it comes to floor treatment.

Exists standard instructions How to prepare a soap-soda solution for disinfection at home:

1. To prepare a 1% soap-soda solution, dilute 100 g of laundry soap and 100 g of soda ash in 10 liters of water.
2. The preparation of a 2% solution involves a mixture of components in the amount of 200 g of each per 10 liters of water.
3. The solution is prepared immediately before use.

If it is necessary not only to disinfect the floor and painted walls, as well as tiles, prepare the following solution:

1. Mix 50 g of detergent (in powder), 200 g of soda ash in 10 liters of water. The solution is stirred until foam forms and the soda dissolves.
2. Often used for this purpose is a 2-3% solution of soda ash, mixed with a 1-2% solution of soap in equal quantities.
3. When treating the floor and wall surfaces with the solution, you must use rubber gloves and open a window or window (in the summer).
4. The frequency of room treatment depends on the duration of the disease. Treatment is carried out once a day.

In addition, there is a recipe for how to make a soap-soda solution if a thermometer was accidentally broken and mercury ran out onto the floor. For this purpose, take a bulb for douching or a syringe without a needle, paper and carefully collect mercury with their help. It is closed in a container with a lid and the Ministry of Emergency Situations is called.

The floor on which mercury was scattered is treated with a special soap and soda solution:

• For 1 liter of water add 30 g of soda ash and 30 g of liquid soap.

A soap-soda solution is often used in kindergartens to disinfect plastic toys. To prepare a solution for treating toys, prepare a mixture of 50 g of liquid soap and 2 tbsp. l. baking soda diluted in 1 liter of boiled water. After treatment with the solution, the toys are washed in a weak soda solution and wiped dry. Disinfection is carried out daily.

Soap and soda solutions for household purposes

Some housewives, as an alternative to store-bought cleaning products, prepare a soap-soda solution for washing dishes. It is not difficult to prepare such a product, but it does take a certain amount of time. Despite this, you will get an excellent washing paste, with which dishes and other kitchen utensils will acquire their original shine, cleanliness and beauty.

Cooking method

1. Grind a bar (100 g) of laundry soap on a fine grater.
2. Place the resulting substance in 2 liters of water and dissolve it over low heat.
3. As soon as the solution has cooled slightly, add 5 tbsp. l. baking soda, stir well. Add 1 tbsp. l. dry mustard and bring to a boil.
4. Divide the composition into separate containers. Once cooled, it will take the form of a paste that can be used to clean dishes and the kitchen stove as needed.

Stainless steel dish cleaner, as well as burnt surfaces of irons, can be cleaned using the following household product:

1. Grate 100 g of soap, add a glass of water and dissolve it in a water bath, stirring.
2. After obtaining a liquid mass of sour cream consistency, add 1 tbsp. l. dry mustard, 1 tbsp. l. castor oil and 1 tbsp. l. baking soda. You can add a few drops of essential oil.
3. To clean porcelain, add vinegar to a soap-soda solution in a 1:1 ratio with soda and soap.

Soda and mustard are excellent degreasing agents. To improve the smell of the product, you can add 10 drops to the finished cooled composition. essential oil. If this product is intended only for washing stoves and facing tiles, sinks and hoods, then soda ash is added to the composition.

Using solutions to treat fungus

The bactericidal properties of soap-soda solutions have a strong therapeutic effect on fungal diseases, due to the negative effect of baking soda on the Candida fungus, which is the main cause of fungal infections. The preparation of a soap-soda solution for the treatment of nail fungus is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Pour 1 tbsp into 50 ml of water. l. soda, stir well until the powder dissolves.
2. Add grated soap (50 g) to the resulting solution and stir again.
3. Pour 2 liters of hot water into a basin and add the resulting soap and soda solution for the feet. Place your feet in a bath with a tolerable solution temperature.
4. The procedure is carried out until the product cools completely.

Thanks to such procedures, not only does the nails affected by fungus soften, but also they and the keratinized layers of skin on the heels are disinfected. Using tweezers and a file, carefully remove the nails and the layer of dead tissue on the skin. The frequency of such baths continues until new nail plates grow.

It should be remembered that foot baths with soap and soda solutions are not used as remedy, but as local remedy, helping to make therapy with antifungal drugs most effective. If your health allows, there are no contraindications, you can improve therapeutic therapy use the method telling how to drink soda according to Neumyvakin.

Cosmetic properties of solutions

In order to maintain the beauty of your feet and hands, use soda solutions that help remove calluses on your feet:

1. A soap-soda solution for feet is prepared from 50 g of baking soda, 1 liter of water and 50 g of soap.
2. Soap and soda are dissolved in water. The water temperature should not be more than 40 degrees.
3. Lower your feet for 20 minutes, and then use pumice to carefully remove the rough layer on the calluses.
4. Feet are washed with warm water, dried and lubricated with nourishing cream.

Soap and soda solutions have received a second life today. They are used often and in almost all areas of our lives. But regardless of the fact that the components of this product are completely harmless to health, before using them for external treatment, it would be a good idea to consult a dermatologist.

Many housewives know how to use the familiar baking soda in everyday life, but not everyone knows that a properly prepared soda solution with the addition of laundry soap is not only an excellent detergent, but an effective disinfectant. Precise adherence to proportions will allow you to create a composition with which you can clean household utensils, children's toys, tiles, and plumbing fixtures from dirt and germs. However, the use of soap and soda solution has gained immense popularity as a means for caring for rough skin of the feet or for combating nail fungus.

For more effective dishwashing, disinfection or preventive baths, use a solution of soda and soap.

Disinfectant composition

One of the features of laundry soap is that it can be used to prepare a high-quality and effective disinfectant solution. This composition is widely used, and according to SanPiN it is prepared in accordance with approved instructions and is used in various institutions:

• In children's preschool institutions. Here, a product prepared with the addition of baking soda is used for washing toys, wet cleaning indoors, and cleaning surfaces. Use soap and soda to wipe down dining tables and wash tiled panels, legs and headboards of children's beds, plumbing fixtures, and shelves of furniture structures.
• In hospitals and clinics. Using a product based on sodium bicarbonate and 70% laundry soap, it is possible to achieve high-quality disinfection of all surfaces and equipment during routine or general cleaning.
• In residential areas. With the help of such a solution, you can quickly and efficiently tidy up not only plumbing fixtures or floors and walls. In many cases, soap and soda help housewives remove the most difficult stains from the surface of dishes. With this composition it is easy to get rid of burnt fat, remove food residues, degrease the inner and outer surfaces of pots and pans, and clean mugs and glasses from stains.

In order to make an effective product, you must comply with the requirements contained in the instructions for its preparation.

A special feature of the soap-soda solution is that it can be used not only as a disinfectant, but also as cosmetic product for legs

First of all, it is important to decide in what situation you will have to use the composition. It depends on what percentage ingredients needed and what kind of laundry soap will be needed to prepare the solution.

So, for example, to soak rags you need a one or two percent solution. To prepare it you will need at least 100 g of soap 72%:

• for washing floors, prepare a 1% soda-soap solution (you can use soda ash);
• to disinfect furniture and toys in kindergartens, a 2 percent composition will be required;
• For general cleaning, only 2% product should be used, regardless of the room in which the treatment is carried out.

Preparing a disinfectant is not so troublesome, but the process requires some time. Therefore, a concentrated composition is usually prepared in advance, adding which to water can produce a solution used in a certain situation.

Use in everyday life and as a medicine

When preparing a soap-soda solution that will be used as a cleaning agent in the kitchen, it is important to remember that the use of soda ash in this case is unacceptable. Despite the fact that both components included in the detergent are not capable of causing harm to human health, the use of the composition prepared in strict accordance with the instructions is permitted. The effect that both substances have on the acid-base balance can be positive if the concentration of even one of them is not exceeded. Otherwise, skin irritation or breathing problems may occur (when treating small enclosed spaces).

In everyday life, the use of a disinfectant made from laundry soap and baking soda is justified during:

• cleaning dishes, both metal and ceramic;
• washing the tiled kitchen apron or peeling;
• cleaning plumbing;
• washing glasses.

To process glass and ceramic products, you will need to prepare a special paste, to which you can add a few drops of lemon juice if desired. This will give plates, dishes, vases, tea and coffee cups (the most difficult to clean) a special shine.

Liquid soap and soda mixture can be used to effectively clean or disinfect household appliances

No less important healing effect, which a soda-soap solution has. This quality is used in wrestling:

• with fungal diseases of the skin and nails;
• increased sweating of the feet;
• the appearance of an unpleasant odor when using shoes made from leather substitutes.

In such cases, not only the disinfecting effect is important, but also the fact that both laundry soap and sodium bicarbonate have antibacterial properties that make it possible to stop the development of the inflammatory process.

How to make a composition

Before you prepare a soap-soda solution yourself, you need to know that you can use a concentrate made in advance and stored in a dark, cool place only for daily or general wet cleaning, or disinfection of toys and furniture structures. In all other cases, preparation of the product is required immediately before use.

You can obtain a high-quality composition for use as a detergent in public medical or children's institutions by using a concentrate diluted to the required extent.

For cooking concentrated solution required:

• ten-liter bucket of warm water;
• 500 g laundry soap 72%;
• 500 g soda ash.

Thoroughly crushed soap is dissolved in a small amount of water, heating the mixture over low heat. After complete dissolution, add the specified amount of soda ash, stir and add the remaining water. This is how a 10% soap-soda solution is obtained, which is used as the main product in the preparation of a 1-2% composition for washing floors and wall panels.

When preparing a 1% solution, you need to dilute 100 ml of the 10% composition in 10 liters of water; when preparing a 2% disinfectant, take 200 ml of concentrate per 10 liters of water.

When independently preparing a soda-soap solution for household use, you need to:

• Grate a bar of 72% laundry soap on a fine grater.
• Gradually add it to hot water (1-2 liters) and dissolve, stirring constantly.
• Sodium bicarbonate in the amount of 5-6 tablespoons (without a slide) is added to the prepared soap solution and mixed thoroughly.

For medicinal purposes, use a 1% composition with the addition of 1 tablespoon of dry mustard per 10 liters of water. Such baths help get rid of fungus and excessive sweating of the feet and nails.

Thus, it becomes clear that a product prepared on the basis of sodium bicarbonate and ordinary laundry soap can solve many household problems, including cleaning the kitchen, processing dishes and household items. Before using this composition for medicinal purposes, it would be useful to consult a medical specialist.

Carrying out routine cleaning of the premises.

Routine cleaning of the premises is carried out 2 times a day, including 1 time using disinfection. agents (bleach solution, chloramine).

Cleaning the premises: wipe with a clean rag soaked in disinfectant. solution, furnishings, window sills, washbasins.

Wash the floor following the sequence: from the wall to the center of the room, then to the exit.

After the current cleaning, soak a rag “for surfaces” in disinfectant. solution in a container “for disinfecting rags for surfaces” for 1 hour. After this, rinse and dry. Soak the floor rags in the “floor” bucket for 1 hour, rinse and dry.

The mop is wiped twice with an interval of 15 minutes with a rag soaked in disinfectant. solution.

Cleaning equipment is stored dry and clean in a specially designated room.

Carrying out general cleaning of the premises.

General cleaning of the premises is carried out once a month and according to epidemiological indications. It is necessary to vacate the room or move the equipment away from the walls to the middle of the room. Prepare disinfectant. solutions and cleaning equipment with appropriate markings. To remove dust and dirt, surfaces are wet cleaned with detergent solutions: ceiling, window, walls - from top to bottom, equipment, floor - from the far wall to the exit. Then wash off the applied detergents with clean water using a clean rag.

Disinfection of room surfaces and disinfection equipment is carried out. means, keeping for 1 hour. Then wash off the applied disinfectant. products with clean water using clean rags. Arrange the equipment and ventilate the room for 30 minutes.

Disinfect cleaning equipment: soak surface rags for 1 hour in disinfectant. solution, rinse, dry, and the “floor” rags in the “floor” bucket, rinse, dry.

The mop is wiped twice with an interval of 15 minutes with a rag soaked in disinfectant. solution.

Preparation of cleaning working solutions.

Carrying out routine cleaning in sanitary facilities and sanitary rooms.

Routine cleaning is carried out twice a day using a wet method, and more often if necessary.

Remove trash from the premises.


Wash trash cans with 1% soap and soda solution.


Clean sanitary equipment from plaque and rust using cleaning products, then disinfect it. solution.


Wash doors, walls, existing furniture using disinfectant. for 30 minutes, then wash the treated surfaces with clean water and wipe with a clean cloth.


Wash the floor with a worker. solution, after exposure, wash with clean water.


Replace the disinfectant. solution in containers for storing brushes.


Ventilate the room (at least 15 minutes).


Disinfect, rinse and dry work equipment.

Note: It is not allowed to sweep the floor with a broom or wipe off dust with a dry rag.

Of the various disinfectants, the most commonly used are chlorine-containing compounds, the antimicrobial properties of which are associated with the action of hypochlorous acid, released when chlorine and its compounds are dissolved in water.

The bleach solution is prepared according to certain rules. 1 kg of dry bleach is stirred in 10 liters of water, obtaining the so-called bleach-lime milk, and left in a tightly closed glass sun-protective container for 24 hours until clearing. In the future, for wet cleaning, a 0.5% clarified bleach solution is usually used, for which 9.5 liters of water and 0.5 liters of a 10% bleach solution are taken per 10 liters of solution. To prepare a 3% bleach solution, take 3 liters of a 10% clarified bleach solution with the addition of 7 liters of water.

A chloramine solution is most often used in the form of a 0.2-3% solution, in which the required amount of chloramine is first added to a small amount of water, stirred, and then the remaining volume of water is added to obtain the desired concentration of the chloramine solution.

To prepare a 1% chloramine solution, take 100 g of chloramine per 10 liters of water (10 g per 1 liter of water);

2% chloramine solution - 200 g of chloramine per 10 liters of water (20 g per 1 liter).

Solutions for general and current treatment

Soap-soda solution - dilute 50 g of soap in 10 liters of hot water, add 10 g of soda and 50 g of ammonia.

Chlorine-soap-soda solution: add 50 g of soap and 10 g of soda ash to 10 liters of 1% (0.5%) chloramine solution.

Currently, disinfectants “Samarovka”, “Clindamizin”, “Amiksan” are widely used for general and routine treatment.

It should be remembered that when treating vertical surfaces and ceilings from a hydraulic console, a 0.5% chloramine solution should be used.

Construction of the reception and diagnostic department

The reception and diagnostic department consists of a lobby-waiting room, reception and examination boxes, a sanitary checkpoint, and a room for storing clothes of admitted patients. In large multidisciplinary hospitals, the admission and diagnostic department has doctor’s offices, a diagnostic room, a dressing room, an emergency laboratory, a room for medical personnel, and sanitary rooms. It is possible to separate the therapeutic and surgical admission and diagnostic departments.

Main functions of the reception and diagnostic department:

■ organizing the reception and hospitalization of patients, in which a preliminary clinical diagnosis is established and the validity of hospitalization is assessed;

■ consultations with patients referred by local doctors and those who came “by gravity”;

■ provision of emergency medical care if necessary;

■ prevention of the introduction of infections into the hospital - isolation of an infectious patient and organization of specialized medical care for him;

■ sanitary treatment of the patient;

■ transporting the patient to the department;

■ reference and information service;

■ recording the movement of patients in the hospital.

Documentation of the reception and diagnostic department:

● log of admitted patients and refusals of hospitalization (form No. 001/u);

● alphabetical log of admitted patients;

● consultation log;

● a log of examinations for head lice;

● register of available beds in the hospital;

● medical record of an inpatient (form No. 003/u).

Large medical institutions employ a special staff of medical workers. In small medical institutions, patients are received by staff on duty. Patients are received in a strict sequence: registration, medical examination, necessary medical care, sanitary and hygienic treatment, transportation of the patient to the appropriate department.

Functional responsibilities of a nurse in the reception and diagnostic department:

♦ fills out the title page of the inpatient medical record (medical history): passport part, date and time of admission, diagnosis of the referring institution;

♦ fills out the register of admitted patients and the alphabet book for the information service;

♦ performs thermometry of the patient;

♦ carries out anthropometric measurements;

♦ examines the patient’s skin and pharynx to exclude an infectious disease;

♦ examines the patient for lice and scabies;

♦ fills out a statistical coupon for an admitted patient;

♦ carries out sanitary treatment of a hospitalized patient and transports him to the medical department.