Pseudomonas infection symptoms. Clinical symptoms and modern approaches to the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Such an acute infectious disease as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestines is considered a very insidious and incredibly dangerous infection, due to its high resistance to treatment with antibiotics, as well as the inability to cure the disease in a chronic case. What is the causative agent of infection and how to treat this disease if this diagnosis already installed?

The causative agent of this infection is considered to be the non-spore-forming bacterium Prseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which lives in soil and plants, as well as in water contaminated with fecal wastewater. Medicine knows 6 types of this stick. The pathogen can be found in the stomach of humans or animals, but it most often affects people with low immunity. Newborn babies, especially premature babies, are more often susceptible to this infection. According to statistics, children are diagnosed with “pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestines” 10 times more often. And if newborn babies can catch an infection due to a very weak immune system, then in adult children this disease occurs much less frequently, and it is most often provoked by burns, use of medicines, as well as chronic purulent infections, which by their action reduce the body’s resistance to infections.

The pathogenic properties of this bacillus are due to a complex of toxins that affect blood vessels, cause necrosis of liver cells and hemolysis of red blood cells. Prolonged exposure to infection on the body can lead to sepsis, septic pneumonia or meningitis, which seriously increases the risk of death, as well as to sluggish chronic infections, such as necrotizing otitis externa or chronic non-hematogenous osteomyelitis. These infections pose a more than serious threat to life and are very difficult to treat.

In older children and adults, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestines manifests itself quite acutely - vomiting, as well as pain in the intestines. epigastric region. In this case, the infection can be mistaken for intestinal poisoning. A person's body temperature may rise slightly, and the stool becomes liquid with mucus. Such patients may develop cholecystitis or appendicitis. For kids younger age gastroenterocolitis or enterocolitis develops more often. The disease also begins acutely, with an increase in body temperature to 39ºC, with regurgitation and frequent loose stools. Moreover, the stool, in this case, is foul-smelling with the release of green mucus, and sometimes streaked with blood. When palpating the child’s tummy, bloating, rumbling and pain are observed. small intestine. The leading symptoms of infection are dehydration and pronounced intoxication.

For infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it is quite difficult to choose an antibacterial drug, because the stick is incredibly resistant to antibiotics. The most commonly prescribed antipseudomonal cephalosporins, for example, Cefepime and Ceftazidime, as well as carbapenems - Imipenem or Meropenem. These drugs have the greatest efficiency in the treatment of this disease. Antibiotics such as Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin have also proven themselves well.

The doctor prescribes one or another antibiotic based on what type of antibiotic a particular type of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is sensitive to in the intestine. Therefore, treatment of the disease and its course depend on the specific type of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as on the nature of the disease. So, for example, a genitourinary tract infection can be treated with a short course of antibiotics, but a pulmonary infection can lead to exacerbations and even lung transplantation.

Sometimes, along with antibiotic treatment, surgical intervention is also necessary, especially if there are foreign bodies, prostheses and necrotic tissue at the site of infection. Accumulations of pus, if diseased, will often require drainage.

Prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a complex procedure due to the resistance of this infection to various disinfectants and antiseptics. Fortunately, this stick is very sensitive to chlorine-containing disinfectants and quickly dies when high temperatures. Take care of your children and instantly respond to the symptoms of the disease, preventing the development of complications!

28.03.2016

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a special pathogenic bacterium, which can be easily obtained during hospital treatment; its transmission in everyday life is possible, but this happens less often.

Most often, the microbe “lives” in intensive care units, because they have a large amount of equipment and instruments that are used repeatedly. At the same time, he is not sensitive to many antiseptics, and some, for example, rivanol, are used as food. Bacteria are also credited with a kind of “collective intelligence.”

The point of the story about Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the diseases it causes is not to treat yourself or not to go to the hospital (after all, its concentration is greater within hospital walls than on the street or at home). The point is to do everything possible so that the disease does not require treatment. intensive care(there are people who insist on treatment in the intensive care unit). This concept includes a routine examination, contacting a doctor if any incomprehensible symptoms appear, as well as - proper nutrition, sufficient activity and maintaining - without fanaticism - cleanliness skin.

About the bacteria

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosis) lives in environment. It can be found: on the ground; on plants; in the air; on objects: washbasins, air conditioners, humidifiers, taps, in liquids at home - not large quantities. Also, trace (minimal) amounts of microbes can be found in the composition normal microflora the skin of the armpits, inguinal folds, near the nose or ear. The bacterium behaves peacefully until local immunity a person (the pH of his skin, the level of immunoglobulins A in its epidermis, the bactericidal properties of saliva, the contents of the nasopharynx and gastric juice), as well as the general protective properties of the body are maintained at a sufficient level. If any of the parameters suffers, or Pseudomonas enters in large quantities, or is “delivered” to internal environments body, an infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa develops. Its symptoms will depend on which organ the microbe has entered. So, it can become the causative agent of encephalitis, cystitis, pneumonia or osteomyelitis. It can multiply in the intestines, middle ear, abscesses and wounds.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cannot live in the absence of oxygen. Because of this, it is called an obligate (that is, obligatory) aerobe. It is a gram-negative microbe, which means its coloration is based on its structure when certain dyes are used. Gram-negative bacteria are more pathogenic due to the structure of their cell wall. They form few toxic metabolic products, but when they are destroyed by immune cells, they are released internal factor, previously localized on the membrane, which causes poisoning of the body and can cause shock, which is difficult to cure (damage to all internal organs develops).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa measures 0.5 microns. It looks like a stick, the ends of which are rounded. There are 1 or several flagella, which not only help the bacterium move, but are also additional factors of aggression. It is by the type of flagellar antigen protein that 60 species of bacteria are distinguished, differing in their toxigenic properties. The bacterium grows best at a temperature of 37 degrees, but continues to exist at higher temperatures - up to 42°C. The media where Pseudomonas aeruginosa develops are meat-peptone broth, meat-peptone agar, and also nutrient agar (jelly-like substance) saturated with cetylperidinium chloride.

So, if when sowing material taken from a patient (sputum discharged from a wound, urine, cerebrospinal fluid or blood) and placed on these media, “dots” of blue-green color will appear, this indicates that the causative agent of the infection is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Next, microbiologists study the properties and type of bacteria, its sensitivity to antibiotics, so that the attending physician who receives this result knows what can be used to treat a person. Similar microbiological examination- culture on nutrient media - periodically carried out in each of the departments of the hospital to assess the quality of sterilization of instruments and equipment. If culture reveals Pseudomonas, additional disinfection is carried out. This is much more cost-effective than treating a person with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, which is why such studies, especially in intensive care units, anesthesiology and resuscitation, are actually being carried out.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces pigments: pyocyanin: it is this that colors the medium blue-green; pyoverdine: a yellow-green pigment that fluoresces when the growing medium is exposed to ultraviolet light; pyorubin is a brown pigment. The bacterium is resistant to many disinfectant solutions due to the production of special enzymes that break them down.

They can only destroy her:

boiling;

autoclaving (steam sterilization under high pressure conditions);

3% peroxide; 5-10% chloramine solutions.

"Weapons" of bacteria

Pseudomonas aeruginosa “strikes” the human body due to the fact that:

can move using flagella;

produces a toxin as a product of its own vital activity, that is, until its death;

produces substances that: “burst” red blood cells, damage liver cells, kill leukocytes - immune cells that are designed to fight any infection;

synthesizes substances that kill other “competitor” bacteria at the site of entry;

“stick” to surfaces and to each other, becoming covered with a common “biofilm” that is insensitive to antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants.

Thus, pseudomonas colonies live on catheters, endotracheal tubes, respiratory and hemodialysis equipment; there are enzymes that allow movement through the intercellular space; synthesize phospholipase, which destroys the main part of the surfactant - a substance due to which the lungs do not “stick together” and can breathe; produces enzymes that break down proteins, so the bacterium causes tissue death in the place where it accumulates in sufficient quantities. Another feature of pseudomonas is that it has many factors that allow the bacteria not to be destroyed by antibiotics. These are: enzymes that break down the main bactericidal substance of antibiotics such as penicillin, ceftriaxone, cephalexin and others; defects in proteins that close the pores - “gaps” in the cell wall of microbes; the ability of a microbe to remove a drug from its cell.

Most often, however, Pseudomonas aeruginosis comes from one’s own body: from the upper respiratory tract or intestines, where it can normally be found in small quantities. The following can “share” Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a person in whom it lives in the lungs (and at the same time he coughs); when a person suffers from pseudomonas stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa), then he secretes pseudomonas when talking and sneezing; a carrier of the bacterium (that is, a healthy person), when pseudomonas inhabits the oro- or nasopharynx; when food is prepared by a person who has purulent wounds on the hands or exposed parts of the body.

The main way, however, is when performing manipulations in a hospital.

Let us repeat: a bacterium can cause disease if: it enters in large quantities; she was “brought” to where it should be absolutely sterile; it got into damaged skin or mucous membranes in contact with external environment(lips, nose, conjunctiva, mouth, pharynx, genitals, external opening of the urinary canal, anus);

reduced local immunity of the mucous membrane or skin;

the body's defenses as a whole are reduced.

The microorganism is better “fixed” on the mucous membranes if the person who received a certain dose of it in any way then visited a bathhouse, swimming pool or sauna.

Who is at risk for infection?

The pathogen is especially dangerous for: elderly people over 60 years of age;

children in the first three months of life;

weakened people;

patients with cystic fibrosis;

requiring hemodialysis;

patients with diabetes mellitus;

HIV-infected;

patients with leukemia;

those who received burns;

people who have undergone organ transplantation;

receiving for a long time hormonal drugs(for example, to treat rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus or other systemic diseases);

having developmental defects genitourinary system;

suffering from chronic bronchitis;

forced to stay in hospital for a long time.

It is also possible to predict which disease of pseudomonas etiology will develop - by age, primary pathology or manipulation performed

Patients in the following departments are most often ill: intensive care; burn; surgical, in which operations on the abdominal cavity are performed, and abscesses and carbuncles are opened; cardiac surgery. Diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes various diseases, depending on the location where the infection occurs. According to statistics, it is the causative agent of: about 35% of all diseases of the urinary system; almost a quarter of all purulent surgical pathologies; 5-10% of all community-acquired pneumonia; and 10-35% of those inflammations of the lung tissue that developed on the third day or later after admission to the hospital. Getting into any organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa goes through three stages of development: Attaches to the tissue through which it entered, and then begins to multiply there. This is how the primary focus of infection is formed. Distributed from primary focus into deeper tissues. Absorption of the bacterium with all its enzymes and toxins into the blood, and then the pseudomonad spreads through the bloodstream to other organs. Thus, the appearance of soft tissue phlegmon can at that stage lead to the formation of pneumonia, pyelonephritis and even damage to the brain substance. Based on symptoms alone, it is impossible to say that the causative agent of the disease is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, since it causes the same otitis, pneumonia, gastroenteritis as other bacteria (Klebsiella, Staphylococcus). You can suspect this particular microbe either by the fact that the person was recently treated in a hospital, or by the ineffectiveness of initial antibiotic therapy (when a “regular” antibiotic was prescribed, but the temperature continues to persist and the blood count does not improve). The main symptoms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection Below are the signs of diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, when treatment with antibiotics has not yet been carried out. If a person received therapy, the clinical picture (that is, symptoms) is most often blurred and not clearly expressed.

If Pseudomonas “settles” in the pharynx, the following symptoms occur:
sore throat that gets worse when swallowing; temperature increase; red and swollen tonsils; cracks on the lips.

If a pseudomonas infection develops in the throat, then appear: cough, usually dry, occurring after soreness or discomfort in the throat, intensifies when taking horizontal position; temperature increase; weakness; fast fatiguability. If the pathogen “settles” in the nose, this leads to the development prolonged runny nose, a feeling of nasal congestion, decreased sense of smell, periodic headaches (more often on one side, more in the forehead area).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the ear becomes the cause of external otitis, which manifests itself as: pain in the ear; the appearance of yellow-greenish-bloody thick discharge from it; hearing impairment;

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the digestive system
If a sufficient number of pseudomonads are in the intestines, symptoms of infectious gastroenterocolitis develop.
This:
at first - vomiting of recently eaten food, pain in the pit of the stomach;
then the pain moves to the navel area and becomes more diffuse;
weakness occurs; loss of appetite;
nausea appears;
the temperature rises to small numbers (does not reach 38);
frequent stools: up to 7 times a day, pasty, greenish;
it has streaks of blood and/or mucus;
everything ends in 3-4 days without treatment, but the infection becomes chronic (less often, asymptomatic carriage).
If this condition develops in an HIV-infected person, someone who has had an organ transplant, is being treated with glucocorticoid hormones, or has recently undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-negative sepsis may develop.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the urinary system
This is a series of diseases - pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis - which are diagnosed by the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the urine. Such pathologies do not develop out of nowhere. People suffer: with reduced immunity; having developmental anomalies of the genitourinary system; those suffering from kidney stones; who often have to catheterize the bladder (for example, with prostate adenoma). Symptoms of pseudomonas lesions of the urinary system are not specific. These include lower back pain, cutting pain when urinating, painful urge to urinate, a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder, increased temperature, change in the color and smell of urine. It is characteristic that the course of such a disease is long, when periods of exacerbation with the above symptoms alternate with asymptomatic time intervals. At the same time, “Norfloxacin”, “Monural” or “5-nitroxoline” do not have a significant effect. Thus, a pseudomonas urinary tract infection can last for several months or years.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is quite dangerous and aggressive, with a high incidence among the population. Up to 20% of all hospital-acquired or nasocomial infections are caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Up to 35% of urinary system infections are caused by this stick, as well as 25% of purulent surgical processes. A quarter of cases of primary bacteremia are also caused by P. aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas infection– an acute infectious disease caused by microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas, affecting the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, soft fabrics, nervous and other systems of the body.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)– an opportunistic microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas (pseudomonas). It is a gram-negative (Gram stain does not produce a purple stain) rod-shaped bacterium with rounded ends, 0.5 to 1 µm in size.

It is mobile, does not have a dense capsule, does not form spores. It is an obligate aerobe (reproduces with access to oxygen and high humidity). During bacteriological examination, it grows on special nutrient media (meat-peptone agar - MPA, meat-peptone broth - MPB and others), where, as it grows, bluish-greenish colonies with a glow (fluorescent) appear, smelling of jasmine. It has somatic O- and flagellar H-antigens, as well as a capsular K-antigen. The H-antigen (flagellate) allows the isolation of about 60 serovars of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Quite resistant to many disinfectant solutions, in some of which it can reproduce. Only a 5% solution of chloramine, a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and a 2% solution of phenol (carbolic acid) have a detrimental effect on it. In nature, it is found in soil, open water, and on plants. The optimal growth temperature is 37°C.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be pathogenic for humans. It often occurs in inflammatory processes (purulent wounds, abscesses), and often causes urinary tract and intestinal infections. Causes nosocomial infections with high frequency due to its prevalence in people with immunodeficiencies ( chronic diseases, surgical interventions, infections and others). Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be found in the human respiratory tract, large intestine, and external ear canal, as well as on the surface of the skin in the area of ​​​​folds (axillary, inguinal). With normal immunity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa encounters competitive resistance from representatives of normal flora, which suppress its growth and cause death (for example, in the intestines).

The pathogenicity factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are:
1) motility due to flagella;
2) the ability to produce toxins (endotoxin, exotoxin, endohemolysin, leukocidin enzyme), which cause damage to red blood cells, liver cells, triggering intoxication, and death of leukocytes in foci;
3) high resistance to a number of antibacterial agents due to the ability to form a mucus-like capsule around its colonies - glycocalyx (in particular, it is resistant to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones), which makes effectiveness difficult therapeutic measures in such patients.

Causes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Source of Pseudomonas infection– humans and animals, both patients and carriers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients with pneumonia and open purulent wounds bear the greatest risk of infection.

Routes of infection– this is contact-household, airborne, food. Transmission factors – food products (milk, meat products), water, as well as environmental objects (usually hospital) - sinks, taps, faucet handles, doors, toilets, shared towels, hands of medical staff and poorly processed medical instruments. Exactly these common factors explain the high risk of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa during hospitalization and the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Risk groups for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection include burn hospitals, surgical departments of hospitals, obstetric and pediatric hospitals. Even epidemic outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection can occur here (if the sanitary and epidemiological regime of the departments is violated).

Patients with reduced immune protection due to concomitant acute or chronic diseases, as well as certain age groups– elderly people and children. Children are many times more likely to suffer from this infection. The most vulnerable children groups are newborns and children in the first 2-3 months of life, as well as premature babies.

Risk groups for developing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
No. Patients with certain conditions Possible manifestations Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
1 Frequent intravenous procedures Osteomyelitis, endocrditis
2 Leukemia Sepsis, perirectal abscess
3 Malignant growth diseases Pneumonia
4 Burns Sepsis, cellulitis
5 Operations on the central nervous system Meningitis
6 Tracheostomy Pneumonia
7 Corneal ulcers Panophthalmitis
8 Vascular catheterization Purulent thrombophlebitis
9 Catheterization of the urinary tract Infections of the genitourinary system
10 Neonatal period Meningitis, diarrhea

Stages of occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Infection and the occurrence of infection occurs in 3 stages:

1) attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the damaged tissue and its reproduction at the site of attachment, that is, the primary focus of infection;
2) spread of infection into deep tissues - the so-called local infection (it is still restrained by the immune system);
3) penetration of the pathogen into the blood with the development of bacteremia and spread of infection to other organs and tissues (septicemia).

Symptoms of Pseudomonas Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause inflammation of many organs and systems; we will consider only its most frequent manifestations.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by the appearance acute enterocolitis or gastroenterocolitis. The severity of the manifestations depends both on the patient’s age and on the initial state of the immune system and the intestines themselves. Thus, in older children and adults, an acute onset with vomiting, pain in the stomach (epigastric region), and then throughout the abdomen, weakness, poor appetite, nausea, temperature is often low-grade (up to 38°), stool up to 5-7 times. per day, mushy, with pathological impurities (mucus, blood), brownish-greenish in color. The duration of the illness is no more than 3-4 days. Early children childhood suffer a more severe infection - higher temperature (up to 39°), frequent regurgitation or vomiting, refusal to eat, lethargy, frequent loose stool up to 6, and sometimes up to 10-15 times a day, the stool is also greenish with pathological impurities (mucus, blood), has a characteristic foul odor, bloating, loud rumbling. Along with the acute course, there are variants with mild symptoms, but the disease itself lasts up to 4 weeks. A peculiarity in early childhood is the risk of developing intestinal bleeding, dehydration, and at an older age – appendicitis and cholecystitis. Concomitant disease with intestinal damage – the development of dysbiosis, which requires long-term therapy during the rehabilitation period.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection(MVP) is manifested by the occurrence of cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis. Infection occurs in the urinary system more often during catheterization of the bladder. Symptoms of specific diseases are similar to those of other infections. In most cases, UTI infection occurs chronically over several months or even years. IN in rare cases the infection from this primary focus spreads to other organs and tissues.

Pseudomonas infection respiratory system often develops against the background of a chronic bronchopulmonary disease (bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis); patients in intensive care units and intensive care units are also at risk (on artificial ventilation lungs, after endotracheal intubation). It is possible to develop both primary pneumonia and secondary pneumonia, which is characterized by a protracted course, poor effectiveness of antibacterial therapy, and a tendency to destructive processes. Symptoms of pneumonia are similar to those of other infectious lesions lungs.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of soft tissues and skin occurs in places of open wounds, burn surfaces, wounds after surgical interventions, trophic ulcers on the limbs. You can understand that a pseudomonas infection is developing by the discharge from the wound, which becomes blue-green in color. This is the color the patient’s wound dressing will be.

Also with wounds it is possible to develop pseudomonas osteomyelitis(damage to bone tissue).

Pseudomonas ear infection manifests itself in the form of purulent external otitis, in which there is pain in the ear, purulent discharge mixed with blood, and less often develops otitis media and mastoiditis (inflammation of the mastoid process).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa eye infection develops as a result of eye surgery or traumatic injury. Purulent conjunctivitis may develop, damage to the cornea and the eyeball. At the same time, patients feel foreign body"in the eye, pain, blurred vision, purulent discharge.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the nervous system occurs in neglected patients and is one of the severe manifestations of this disease. Meningitis (inflammation of the pia mater), meningoencephalitis (damage to the brain substance) may develop. In most cases, the infection is introduced from the primary focus during a septic process. Primary reproduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the central nervous system is possible after injuries and surgical interventions. Typical picture purulent meningitis or meningoencephalitis, which is practically no different from other infections. With lumbar puncture - a high content of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (pleocytosis) up to several thousand per ml, a predominance of neutrophils over lymphocytes, a high protein content, the liquid when flowing out is cloudy with greenish flakes. The prognosis is often unfavorable.

Other manifestations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection include endocarditis (damage to the cardiovascular system), arthritis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, sinusitis and, finally, sepsis - a generalized Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection affecting many organs and systems.

Summarizing the above, we can highlight important features Pseudomonas infection:
- In acute cases, there is a high frequency of adverse outcomes due to the high resistance of P. aeruginosa to a number of antibacterial drugs, which creates difficulties in treatment and causes lost time.
- Tendency to a protracted and chronic course of infection with frequent relapses of varying severity, which requires long-term treatment.

Diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

1) Preliminary diagnosis is difficult because clinically specific symptoms For
There is no Pseudomonas infection. Warning factors regarding P. aeruginosa are the protracted course of the infection despite the ongoing antibacterial therapy, which is not successful, as well as the connection between the occurrence of the infection and medical procedures in hospitals, surgical interventions, and injuries.

2) The final diagnosis is made after a laboratory examination. Lead method
examination - bacteriological followed by bacterioscopy. The material for research can be anything depending on the clinical form - from nasopharyngeal mucus and feces to urine, cerebrospinal fluid, discharge from wounds. It is advisable to collect the material before the start of the antibacterial study. The material is inoculated on a special nutrient medium, where blue-green colonies with fluorescence are grown, and then they are examined under a microscope.

P. aeruginosa colonies

Pseudomonas aeruginosa during bacterioscopy

Usually, another study is immediately carried out - an antibiogram (determination of sensitivity to certain antibacterial drugs).

An additional research method is serological blood testing for antibodies to P. aeruginosa, which is used mainly retrospectively (that is, to confirm infection).
General clinical methods (urinalysis, blood analysis, biochemistry, and so on), as well as instrumental research methods, help the doctor to diagnose only the clinical form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Treatment of Pseudomonas Infection

1) Organizational and routine measures are reduced to hospitalization of patients with severe manifestations of infection in any hospital according to the profile. Bed rest for the entire period of intoxication.

2) Drug treatment.
Etiotropic therapy is quite complex for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
The frequency of occurrence of antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa is high. Despite this, there are certain groups of antibacterial drugs or their individual representatives within the group, which have retained their effectiveness for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. These include some cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime), carbapenems (imipinem, carbapinem), a modern aminoglycoside (amikacin), and some fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin). P. aeruginosa has been proven to be resistant to tetracyclines and rapidly develop resistance to fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and others).

Pathogenetic therapy and syndromic therapy are prescribed depending on the clinical manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

The main preventive measures come down to the prevention of immunodeficiencies (timely treatment of chronic diseases, chronic infections), prevention colds. Prevention of infection in children, for which the parents themselves are sometimes to blame (promoting the baby’s health, monitoring nutrition, water consumption, swimming in open water). Prevention of nosocomial transmission of infection usually depends only on medical personnel.

Infectious disease doctor N.I. Bykova

Photo: Wikipedia Pseudomonas aeruginosa: symptoms and treatment Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a genus of gram-negative aerobic non-spore-forming bacteria - Pseudomonas. For many people, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes only minor symptoms. However, if a person has a weakened immune system, the threat can be very serious and life-threatening.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - microbiology

Pseudomonas is a common genus of bacteria that can cause infections in the body under certain circumstances. There are many different types bacteria Pseudomonas. Only a few types can cause infection.

Pseudomonas typically live and reproduce in water, soil, and wet areas. The warmer and more humid, the better conditions for the growth of bacteria.

Surgical procedures or open wounds may increase the risk of infection. People with weakened immune system are also susceptible to severe Pseudomonas infections.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause ear and skin infections, especially after exposure to water.

There are certain groups of people who are vulnerable to Pseudomonas infections. These include people:

with burn wounds;

have undergone surgery;

using a catheter;

undergoing chemotherapy;

having diabetes;

diagnosed with cystic fibrosis;

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - symptoms

The areas of the body that the infection affects are the ears, skin, lungs, soft tissues and blood. General symptoms infections include:

Ears - pain, itching and discharge from the ear;

Skin - rash;

Eyes - pain and redness;

Lungs: pneumonia, cough;

Soft tissue - discharge of green pus and a sweet, fruity odor;

Blood - joint pain and stiffness, fever, chills and weakness;

Other possible symptoms - headache, diarrhea or urinary tract infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - diagnosis

To diagnose a Pseudomonas infection, your doctor will ask about any recent activities that may be relevant, such as swimming or using hot bath. He will also conduct a physical examination. The doctor will order a blood or fluid test to confirm the diagnosis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - treatment

Antibiotics - the best option treating Pseudomonas or other bacterial infections.

Some varieties of Pseudomonas require an aggressive approach using powerful drugs. The sooner treatment begins, the more effective it is to stop the infection. This is especially true in a hospital environment. Bacteria in hospitals are regularly exposed to antibiotics and, over time, develop resistance to these drugs. This makes treatment difficult.

Once doctors determine what type of Pseudomonas bacteria is causing the infection, the doctor will combine drugs to make the treatment effective. Most Pseudomonas infections clear up without treatment or with minimal treatment. If symptoms are uncomplicated, there is no need to treat the infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a fairly common microorganism in nature, belonging to the category of gram-negative bacteria, characterized by mobility and polymorphism of clinical manifestations. Pseudomonas aeruginosa received its specific name due to its special ability to produce pigment, thanks to which it acquires a specific blue-green color.

The most favorable habitat for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is water and soil, although even in the human body this type of pathogen can be part of the normal microflora. Another specific feature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which provokes the development severe forms inflammatory reactions in the body is its ability to develop antibiotic resistance early, which makes it much more difficult to obtain a good effect from the drug treatment used.

In a relationship human body Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits pathogenicity under a combination of a number of conditions in the form of severe immunosuppression, the presence of severe somatic pathology and extremely high concentration bacterial particles. The combination of all these mechanisms is observed during long stay a person undergoing inpatient treatment in any medical institution, and therefore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rightfully considered one of the most common pathogens of nosocomial infections.

At nosocomial spread Pseudomonas aeruginosa is transmitted from one person to another through household items, as well as medical equipment, not exposed to sufficient chemical treatment. Given this fact, it should be assumed that the fundamental link preventive measures to prevent the development of a nosocomial outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the observance by medical personnel of a strict anti-epidemic and sanitary-hygienic regime in medical institutions.

If we consider the issues clinical symptoms, which develops as a result of Pseudomonas aeruginosa entering the human body, then it should be noted that it is nonspecific, with the exception of cutaneous form diseases.

Almost all clinical forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are characterized by a long course and low effectiveness from the use of standard anti-inflammatory treatment regimens. About the activation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic course The pathological process is indicated by the appearance in the patient of low-grade fever, moderate inflammatory reaction and intoxication syndrome.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: causes and pathogen

The only causative agent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is Pseudomonas, which is divided into more than 20 species. Some varieties of pseudomonas are natural inhabitants of soil and water bodies, and therefore play a significant role in the cycle nutrients in natural conditions. At the same time, some species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a pathogenic effect on the human body and can provoke the development of various kinds of pathological conditions.

The causative agent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection belongs to the category of gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria, the main clinical manifestation of which is the development of purulent inflammation in various structures of the human body. The first identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out by the scientist A. Lykke in 1862, but a pure culture of the pathogen was isolated one year later by S. Gessard.

The so-called intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a mobile bacterium of small sizes, not exceeding 3 microns, located singly or in pairs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes mobile thanks to well-developed two polarly located flagella and fimbriae. Distinctive features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the ability to produce capsule-like extracellular mucus and the inability to form spores.

All varieties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are obligate aerobes that quickly form colonies on ordinary nutrient media with the development of a characteristic grayish-silver film. When a biological culture is sown on blood agar, zones of hemolysis appear around Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In order to obtain a pure culture of the pathogen for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, selective nutrient media should be used, to which antiseptics such as brilliant green are first added.

The optimal temperature range at which rapid growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is observed is 37°C, and colonies of the pathogen in this situation have a smooth, round, dryish surface. When using solid nutrient media, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a specific sweetish odor. A pathognomonic feature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the ability to produce water-soluble pigments, which contribute to the coloring of the patient's bandages in a blue-green color.

Intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not capable of fermenting glucose or any other carbohydrates, and at the same time the pathogen is capable of oxidizing them. Differential diagnostic tests for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which make it possible to distinguish pseudomonas from other variants of gram-negative bacteria, involve an OF test, for which biological material is inoculated into two test tubes, followed by incubation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When the color of a test tube kept under aerobic conditions changes, one can reliably judge that it is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics in this situation should be prescribed as early as possible.

Most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are capable of producing bacteriocins, the main function of which is bactericidal. In general, the antigenic structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is quite complex and is represented by the presence of a type-specific thermostable O-antigen and a thermolabile flagellar H-antigen. Almost all produced extracellular waste products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the form of exotoxin A, protease, elastase, extracellular mucus have antigenic properties. The O-antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most pathogenic to the human body.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: how is it transmitted?

The pathogenesis of the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the human body begins as a result of endogenous infection or after exogenous entry of the pathogen from the environment. The source of the spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be both humans and natural reservoirs such as contaminated soil and water bodies. As a result of numerous scientific research it has been proven that approximately 10% healthy population infected with various strains of P. Aeruginosa, especially for patients who have been in hospital for a long time. When examining soil, various types of water bodies and household items, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often discovered. Antibiotics in this situation are often used for preventive purposes. Due to such a widespread prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the environment, human infection with this type of pathogen becomes possible through contact, respiratory, blood and fecal-oral routes.

In most situations, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is activated in the body of immunodeficient patients suffering from any severe somatic pathology, however, in some situations positive tests for Pseudomonas aeruginosa are also recorded in individuals with normal immunological reactivity. The influence of elevated temperatures has a particularly beneficial effect on the spread and activation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

If we consider the structure of morbidity, then Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most widespread as a causative agent of nosocomial infection, which is most often observed during catheterization of the bladder, endoscopic studies, washing wounds, bandaging, treating the wound surface with antiseptics, using a ventilator.

The primary entry point for the penetration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the body is the area of ​​damaged tissue, which is more often observed with burns or wounds of the skin and mucous membranes. In immunocorrect individuals, in response to the entry of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the human body, a limited inflammatory process develops, and if the immune system is disrupted, conditions are created for the generalization of the inflammatory process. With massive bacteremia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa spreads throughout the body and secondary purulent foci of infection form in various structures of the human body. If Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not treated urgently with antibiotics, various pathogenicity factors are activated, which contributes to the development of severe complications in the form of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, septic shock, and respiratory distress syndrome.

Epidemiologists consider infected individuals with clinical manifestations of infection, as well as carriers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to be the main sources of spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Persons suffering from inflammatory diseases pulmonary parenchyma, as well as purulent lesion skin. Various household items, food products, medical equipment, contaminated soil and water can act as transmission factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Particular caution regarding the spread and infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be observed by medical staff of burn centers, surgical departments, obstetric and pediatric hospitals, where epidemic spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is occasionally observed.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: symptoms and signs

The pathomorphological changes that occur in the human body as a result of ingestion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are diverse, which determines the polymorphism of clinical manifestations. Most often, pathological changes when ingested by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are localized in the structures of the gastrointestinal tract, which is manifested by symptoms of acute gastroenterocolitis. The intensity of clinical manifestations may vary significantly depending on age category, the state of the human immune system and intestinal activity.

Debut clinical picture intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa consists of the appearance of acute repeated vomiting, pain abdominal syndrome, progressive weakness, lack of appetite, low-grade fever, as well as intestinal dysfunction in the form of loose stools with the presence of pathological impurities in the stool. The duration of active clinical symptoms is most often three days, however, in pediatric practice a longer course of intestinal disorders and a progressive increase in dehydration are observed. Drug treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children most often consists of prescribing antibacterial drugs, which can cause the development of intestinal dysbiosis that needs correction.

When Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects the upper and lower parts of the urinary tract, a person experiences symptoms of inflammatory damage to the bladder, ureters and kidneys. In most situations, getting Pseudomonas aeruginosa into urinary tract carried out as a result of the use of a non-sterile urinary catheter. Unfortunately, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etiology is not clinically different from other etiological variants of this pathology; however, the distinguishing marker is the long course of clinical symptoms, which can reach several years.

Due to the entry of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the structures of the respiratory tract, an inflammatory reaction of a chronic nature develops in the form of a specific bronchiectasis. The risk group for the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa includes patients who have been in the intensive care unit for a long time using a mechanical ventilation device. Damage to the pulmonary parenchyma by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is possible both primary and as a secondary complication with the development of massive destructive process. Clinical manifestations, provoked by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are similar to those observed with any other pneumonia of a bacterial nature.

When Pseudomonas aeruginosa gets on the surface of damaged soft tissues, the most characteristic pathognomonic clinical symptoms develop, manifested by severe swelling, hyperemia, pain in the projection of the inflammatory reaction, as well as discharge of purulent contents of a blue-green color. A characteristic clinical symptom of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lesions of the wound surface is the development of inflammatory and destructive changes in bone tissue, the localization of which can spread to bone tissue and occupy a significant extent.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a child

In pediatric practice, medical specialists are much more likely to encounter problems with lesions child's body Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The introduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the body of a newborn child poses a particular danger, therefore pediatricians classify this age category as a risk category. Among children preschool age the phenomenon of carriage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is more common, so medical workers of children's preschool institutions, as well as sanitary specialists, should pay special attention to the issues of timely diagnosis of bacterial carriage and prevention of the spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among children. At the age of more than seven years, children are practically affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

As a kind of " favorable conditions“For the development of damage to a child’s body by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the presence of an extensive burn lesion of the skin with signs of a chronic inflammatory reaction, as well as prolonged use of drugs that reduce immunity, should be considered. To activate the pathogenetic mechanisms of the pathological influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the child’s body, a prerequisite is a decrease in the functioning of the immune apparatus.

The development of one or another clinical symptomatology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a child directly depends on the type of pathogen, as well as the “entry gate” through which the bacterium enters the body. In neonatological practice, most often the umbilical wound acts as an entrance gate for the penetration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the child’s body, and in the older age category - the skin and conjunctiva of the eyes.

The most severe case in terms of negative impact on the child’s general well-being is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. digestive tract, which is caused by a lightning-fast increase in general intoxication and dehydration syndrome. Thus, treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with intestinal damage is extremely difficult and often does not have the desired effect. Characteristic pathological changes in the intestine in this situation are the early development of paresis and ulcerative-necrotic changes, complicated by bleeding and perforation of the intestinal wall. Some patients may experience secondary intestinal damage with Pseudomonas aeruginosa during sepsis.

Septic lesions of a child's organism of pseudomonas etiology do not have any particular clinical symptoms that would allow it to be identified without additional laboratory diagnostic measures. Due to the rapid spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the bloodstream, secondary foci of purulent infection are formed in various structures of the child’s body, which is an extremely unfavorable sign.

The development of pneumonia in a child caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa most often occurs in the age category of up to two years and is characterized by a tendency to a destructive, protracted course. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa gets into the umbilical ring, due to insufficient care of the umbilical wound, the child develops clinical omphalitis, manifested by redness, swelling and hardening of the skin around the navel. In addition, with this pathology there is an increase in the intoxication symptom complex in the form of hyperthermia and dyspeptic disorders. If, under these circumstances, you do not urgently begin drug treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with antibiotics, then the development of complications in the form of widespread and.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: diagnosis and tests

Diagnosis verification bacterial origin of a particular disease in most situations does not present any difficulties, however, to identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa directly, it is necessary to use a variety of laboratory tests diagnostic measures. As the most informative laboratory methods Diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses bacterioscopic and serological examination.

Bacterioscopic identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is carried out quite quickly due to the fact that this type of pathogen does not require the use of any specific nutrients, so fairly simple liquid and solid nutrient media can be used. The only exceptions are those situations of bacterial infection when Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not the only pathogen, but is contained in biological materials in association with other gram-positive or gram-negative flora. In order to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa from other representatives of the pathogenic bacterial flora, a variety of differential diagnostic nutrient media should be used.

In diagnostically difficult situations when the human body is affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, serological research methods should be used on the patient. As serological methods The research uses immunochemical methods, the principle of which is related to the determination of the interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens with specific antibodies. Using immunochemical research methods, it is possible to determine both antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in various biological secretions of the patient, and antibodies in the circulating blood.

Among instrumental methods verification of pathological manifestations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most widespread radiation methods visualization in the form computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. As additional methods For instrumental diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the use of bone scintigraphy is acceptable.

Thus, when a pathological inflammatory process spreads in the bone tissue of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacterial seeding of the purulent contents should be carried out as early as possible, the collection of which is carried out by puncture percutaneous biopsy, carried out under fluoroscopy. When joints are affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, standard radiography with simultaneous culture of synovial fluid is sufficiently informative.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is diagnosed by identifying changes during echocardioscopy and bacterioscopy of a blood smear, and with the development of a complicated course in the form of septic embolism, characteristic radiological signs are formed in the form of depletion of the pulmonary pattern in the projection of pulmonary artery blockage.

As additional clinical criteria that allow diagnosing Pseudomonas aeruginosa lesions in the human body is the detection of anamnestic data on recent hospital treatment, ineffectiveness of standard treatment measures, weakened immunity, diabetes mellitus, surgical interventions, and oncological diseases.

Among the nonspecific laboratory criteria, which in almost 100% of cases accompany infection of the human body with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it should be noted high rate ESR in blood test. In case of localization of inflammatory changes in the urinary tract in general analysis significant leukocytosis is determined in urine, and with additional culture of urine on standard nutrient media, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is quickly identified.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: treatment

In most situations, carrying out therapeutic measures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is extremely difficult, since the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of inflammation with this type of pathogen are quite complex, and the toxins secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa differ extremely high degree pathogenicity. In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a dense protective shell in its structure, which does not allow sufficient activation of phagocytic and immunological defense mechanisms in the human body. The prolonged absence of an adequate immune response contributes to the formation of antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and therefore, the effectiveness of treatment measures is influenced by early verification of the diagnosis.

In the last decade, pharmacologists have developed a wide range of antibacterial agents that have a powerful bacteriostatic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the form of third and fourth generation cephalosporins, ureidopenicillins, monobactams, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. When using monotherapy using exclusively one group of antibacterial agents, the bacteriostatic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is almost impossible to achieve due to early development resistance of the pathogen to the active substance. Taking these features into account, experts have developed a series of combined antibacterial agents that have a positive effect in eliminating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most popular is the combination of beta-lactams and aminoglycosides.

Good therapeutic effects with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are achieved through the use of Amikacin due to its pronounced bacteriostatic effect and good tolerability by patients. Positive feature This antibacterial agent is the absence of a negative effect on kidney function, which distinguishes it from other representatives of the aminoglycoside group. The only limitation in the use of Amikacin is its high cost. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa is activated in a child’s body and nosocomial pneumonia develops against the background of immunodeficiency, the drugs of choice for empirical therapy are III-IV generation cephalosporins in combination with Netilmicin.

When Pseudomonas aeruginosa manifests itself as the main provocateur of cystic fibrosis, it is necessary to use “aggressive regimens” of antibiotic therapy, which will somewhat delay the development of the pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and, accordingly, prolong the patient’s life. Parenteral administration of antibiotics for cystic fibrosis of pseudomonas etiology is allowed only in inpatient conditions under dynamic control of basic laboratory indicators of the inflammatory reaction and systematic culture of the patient’s biological secretions.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: drugs of choice

Among all the famous pharmacological drugs maximum efficiency Antibacterial agents, especially those of the β-lactam group, are effective in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, penicillins with an extended spectrum of action such as Piperacillin sodium and disodium Ticarcillin have a sufficient bacteriostatic effect against such a pathogen as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In daily practice, infectious disease specialists prefer to use a combination of the antibacterial agents Piperacillin and Tazobactam in increased therapeutic doses. If the patient has allergic reaction on active substance, preference should be given to Azactam 1 g twice a day or Meronem 0.5 g three times a day.

The predominant method of administering antibacterial agents for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intravenous, however, if there are contraindications in the form of renal failure, intramuscular administration of the drug is acceptable. The advantages of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and levofloxacin are the possibility of their use both parenterally and orally, which allows them to be used for the treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In the category of aminoglycosides, the maximum bacteriostatic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is distinguished by Gentamicin at a calculated dose of 0.4 mg per kg of patient weight, Tobramycin at a calculated dose of 2 mg per kg of weight, and Amikacin at a calculated dose of 5 mg per kg. The only drawback of these drugs is poor penetration into bronchial secretions and ineffectiveness in an acidic environment, which is the cornerstone in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which affects the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Like all the other aggressive ones antibacterial drugs, Tobramycin has negative complications in the form of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

A distinctive feature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is its ability to form resistance to various types of antibacterial agents, which can be both primary and secondary.

The optimal antibiotic treatment regimen for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the early prescription of an empirical antibacterial agent until the results of a bacteriological examination of the patient are obtained. Empirical treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa consists of prescribing Tienam or Cefodox to the maximum permissible daily dosage to exclude the possibility of early development of antibiotic resistance. After receiving the results of a bacteriological study, a combination of two or three different antibacterial agents should also be used. pharmacological groups. This combined approach to drug treatment allowed to significantly reduce the mortality rate from sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: prevention

Considering the fact that the etiopathogenesis of the development of pathological changes during the introduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is quite complex and multicomponent, this causes some difficulties in carrying out preventive measures. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most widespread as a provocateur of the development of nosocomial infections, so the main preventive measures should be carried out in this direction. Medical staff medical institutions must systematically comply with the anti-epidemic regime and sanitary standards regarding the use and handling of equipment medical value. IN Lately The rate of nosocomial infection of patients has significantly decreased, which is due to the transition to the use of disposable personal medical equipment.

If Pseudomonas aeruginosa is detected in a patient undergoing hospital treatment, it is mandatory to isolate him in a separate room with subsequent bacteriological examination of all contact persons, since this type of pathogen can be a provocateur for the development of a nosocomial epidemic outbreak. Primary prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa consists of dynamic monitoring of the function of the human immune system, normalization of eating behavior with sufficient consumption of foods containing vitamins and phytoncides.

The primary link of preventive measures to prevent the septic course of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the timely and adequate treatment of inflammatory foci of a purulent nature, which act as an entrance gate for activating the pathogenesis of the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The task medical workers and sanitary service specialists is to carry out sanitary educational work, during which people are explained the dangers of self-medication, as well as the need for early seeking medical help even for superficial injuries and limited inflammatory processes in the form or. Any wound surface, even of small extent and depth, must undergo primary surgical treatment using some kind of antiseptic solution, and if there are signs of an inflammatory reaction, it is necessary to prescribe a short course of empirical antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy. Considering the low prevalence of pathologies caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, specific methods prevention has not yet been developed.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - which doctor will help? If you suspect infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, you should immediately seek advice from doctors such as a surgeon or therapist.