Childbearing (reproductive) age. Reproductive age

Several opinions about reproductive age. Although if you stick to healthy image life, then it can be significantly increased (see section HEALTH site, or tag starvation) .

Reproductive age is the period in a woman’s life that is most favorable for conceiving, bearing and giving birth to a child.

The period during which a man's body can produce sperm is called a man's fertile age.

Reproductive age of a woman
Optimal childbearing age for the fair sex is between 20 and 35 years old. It is recommended to give birth to your first child at a maximum age of 25-27 years. In this case, one should take into account the natural ability of a woman’s body to conceive, bear and give birth to a baby. This age is also characterized by a sufficient level of psychological and social maturity.

Early pregnancy
Pregnancy that occurs in early age, quite often fraught with very unfavorable consequences. IN in this case, how younger girl, the higher the likelihood of miscarriage, bleeding and toxicosis.

Early motherhood is dangerous for both the young mother and the baby. Children are often born with low body weight, they do not adapt well to external conditions, and they gain weight worse.

Naturally, every woman’s body is individual, and birth is completely healthy child perhaps up to the age of twenty. A young woman’s body may be physiologically quite ready for pregnancy and subsequent childbirth without any complications. However, there are other circumstances that should be taken into account. For example, is the girl psychologically ready, does she have the necessary knowledge to raise a child, does she have the financial means to provide for his needs?

Late pregnancy
After the age of thirty-five, a woman begins the process of extinction of her reproductive functions. First of all, this is caused hormonal changes in her body, which lead to a decrease in the ability to conceive naturally and certain disorders menstrual cycle.

A woman is born already having a certain number of primary germ cells (oocytes) in stock. They mature throughout their childbearing years. It is from the primary germ cells that the egg is formed.

A person regularly encounters all sorts of negative factors environment, which exert their influence on the entire organism, including oocytes. For a woman after 40 years of age, the likelihood of conceiving a child who will have genetic abnormalities increases significantly.

After forty-five to fifty years, women enter menopause, when their eggs stop maturing. Thereby reproductive age the woman is running out. During this period, the woman will no longer be able to conceive naturally child.

Reproductive age of a man
Over the years, a man's production of sex hormones gradually decreases. For normal reproductive function In men, it is significant, first of all, a decrease in the level of testosterone, which regulates the process of sperm formation.

For this reason, the optimal reproductive age for a man is the period of his life up to 35 years. At an older age, in most representatives of the stronger sex, the ability of sperm to normally fertilize an egg decreases. The number of DNA damage increases, sperm lose their original motility. Therefore, a man’s reproductive age should also be taken into account when planning a pregnancy.

Conception and birth of children among middle-aged parents
Today, the number of births among women of older reproductive age (after 35 years) has increased significantly. At the same time, there is enough a large number of positive examples of the birth of the first child even after forty years. Despite existing risk, the birth of a baby after thirty-five years of age for a woman also has its advantages.

The hormonal changes in the female body that are associated with pregnancy and subsequent childbirth make it possible to feel like a young mother, despite her age. At the same time, there is likely to be an increase vitality, and also – improvement general well-being and a woman's mood. In addition, rich life experience only contributes to the most responsible approach to the process of raising a child.

When planning a pregnancy during middle age, it is necessary to consult a geneticist. Genetic counseling is necessary for potential parents if they are of advanced reproductive age (after 35-40 years).

Four reasons not to delay pregnancy

In traditional cultures, people started families early, and women gave birth before the age of 20. Now we no longer think this is the norm: we need to get an education, get on our feet, start a career and only then think about children.

As a result average age Russian women in labor are steadily approaching 40 years old, when the aging processes are already starting in the body, and there is “baggage” behind them chronic problems, against the background of which it is much more difficult to become pregnant, carry a child, and give birth to a child. The best childbearing age is still 20-30 years. But if life turns out differently, this is a reason not to refuse to have a child, but to turn to fertility doctors. However, there are other reasons.

Reason one: infertility becomes “younger”
Every year the average age infertile couples is steadily decreasing; if 10 years ago these were people aged 33 to 37 years, now they are from 25 to 30 years old. There are many reasons for this: poor lifestyle and nutrition; constant stress that acquires chronic course and bring chaos to work hormonal system; irregular and/or erratic sex life with consequences in the form of sexually transmitted diseases, chronic inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs, abortions, which in most cases occur with complications. The result is in geometric progression The number of infertile couples is growing. According to the Russian Association of Human Reproduction, their number in Russia is now more than 6 million.

Reason two: the percentage increases male infertility
If in 1997 the ratio of female to male infertility was 60:40, now these figures look exactly the opposite. Male factor is the main cause of infertility in more than 60% of cases. Reproductionists are sounding the alarm - the quality of sperm and its ability to fertilize are sharply deteriorating.
More and more infertile couples are forced to resort to assisted reproduction services (IVF or IVF + ICSI) precisely for this reason. In this regard, men have increasingly begun to resort to cryopreservation of sperm “for the future”, so as not to bring the situation to a critical level.

Reason three: endocrine problems
There has been a sharp increase in the number of different endocrine disorders, especially among residents of megacities. Now it is celebrated all over the world a sharp increase obesity, problems with the thyroid and mammary glands, and the number of patients with diabetes is steadily increasing. Naturally, pregnancy against such a background is not as easy as we would like.

Reason four: they will help you
Over the past 10-15 years in Russia there has been a rapid development of assisted reproduction methods, making it possible for people for whom until recently it was practically impossible to have their own children. These include IVF (the so-called “ artificial insemination"), ICSI, which allows the use of even single sperm in severe male factor, programs using donor eggs and spermatozoa, and, finally, surrogacy. A highest achievement In recent years, of course, we can consider the emergence of the opportunity to determine the sex of the unborn child even before its transfer to the uterus (preimplantation diagnosis). This gives people with hereditary chromosomal diseases a chance to have healthy children, which was completely impossible just a few years ago.

If you nevertheless encounter similar problems and know about infertility first-hand, do not delay your visit to a reproductive specialist, do not waste precious time! Moreover, now there are no longer unsolvable problems.

Pregnancy after 35 years

Ten years ago, a woman’s biological clock began alarmingly ringing at the age of 30. Today, such an alarm bell can be heard after 35 and even after 40 years.

Why has the bar been raised so much that limits a woman’s childbearing age?
One reason is safety. Prenatal testing has significantly reduced the risk of 40-year-old women having children with genetic abnormalities to the level of a 20-year-old. We also have new methods for treating infertility, which is very common after 35 years. Thanks to the latest medical advances in helping women who suffer from chronic diseases or in the event of a difficult pregnancy, today 40-year-old women can give birth to healthy and normal children.
Today we have relatively safe contraception, and the example of many celebrities who give birth after forty - all this contributes to the idea that “it’s never too late.” Today's women can safely postpone the birth of a baby until certain time, and above all, to ensure normal life and make a career.
Many women give birth late also because they are being treated for infertility or got married late.

What is the best age to give birth?

By medical indications it is generally accepted that normal age The age for childbirth is from 20 to 24 years, but many women still feel unprepared. For many of them, childhood passed in the 50s and 60s, and for them this age was considered protracted adolescence, but not the beginning adult life. This phenomenon means that they can reach emotional maturity 10 years after the peak of physical maturity.
In reality, primigravida elderly woman is not what it should be by definition. Even in medicine, this terminology appears much less frequently. Nowadays, a 35-year-old pregnant woman is no longer included in the group high risk. And in fact it is. Look, in other words, a physically healthy 35-year-old woman cannot give birth to a healthy child if she has not previously had an abortion, had a miscarriage, and is not infertile. Absurd! She has exactly the same chances as a 20-year-old.

How is risk assessed?

It cannot be said that pregnancy after 35 years is completely without risk, but still it is not as great as you think, and its frequency can be reduced to zero. We bring to your attention some points that should be taken into account by not too young women who have decided to give birth for the first time.
First, you may not get pregnant so easily. Today there is documented evidence that by the age of 35, the ability to bear children decreases.

Even if we do not take into account the premature onset of menopause, this means that if you can conceive a child one day, then not the next. In order for you to conceive a child, you may need 6-12 months, not four.
But a greater danger must be taken into account that the older primiparous woman has more likely give birth to a child with genetic disorder, especially these relate to Down syndrome.

Statistics show that a 40-year-old woman is nine times more likely to have a child with Down syndrome than a 30-year-old woman.

It should also be noted that expectant mothers who are over 35 years old very often also experience health problems, especially high blood pressure, diabetes.
Such deviations are recorded in 6% of women of this age, compared to 1.3% of young women.
There is also a common risk of placental abruption and pathological condition fetus, which requires medical intervention what pulls you along serious problems for health and expectant mother and a child. There is also a risk of miscarriage.
The fact of a difficult birth is quite normal, but for this today it is prescribed C-section. However, according to the study, we can state the following facts: on average, the duration of labor is 45 minutes longer than for young people.

One more fact that needs to be noted today. Due to environmental pollution, it is also normal for older women to be exposed to it longer. Therefore, they are at risk of problems associated with fibrinous tumors, endometriosis, which also affect fertility and the course of pregnancy.

But all these dangers can be reduced to zero if a woman is seriously preparing to become a mother and prepares herself in advance for pregnancy. The organs of the unborn child are formed in the first 12 weeks, when the fetus is more vulnerable, therefore, when proper nutrition and refusal bad habits in advance, provided that you take vitamins and exercise, you can significantly increase your chances normal pregnancy and give birth to a completely healthy baby. But don’t think that you will have time to do this during pregnancy. You need to prepare for this in advance, because then it will be much easier for you to cope with all the problems if they arise. You need to properly assess the real risk in order to significantly reduce stress during pregnancy. Each emotion can be accompanied by changes in the biochemistry of the body. If you think you are sick, you may actually become sick.

The right time

It becomes absolutely obvious that late motherhood has a number of advantages. Women who are in no rush to become mothers find themselves better prepared for pregnancy and raising children. It has also been proven that older women do not suffer from ambivalence of feelings during pregnancy and are much less likely to experience internal conflict. They look at pregnancy as a blessing from God, and not because they have not given birth before, but simply with age comes the correct understanding of who you are and what you want.

You already live in harmony with yourself and are more disciplined. You understand much more deeply what you have to give up and what lies ahead. This decision is already being made by two adults who have some life experience behind them. Depending on the age at which you decided to get pregnant, they may see it as a “great chance” and therefore perceive it as a gift of fate.
A late child means a lot to a mother. At this age, women are already less exposed to stress, and late child comes to them as a gift for that woman who already knows exactly what she wants.

In one of the American hospitals, a study was conducted that compared the feelings of first-time mothers different ages. It was found that older women experience less distress than younger women, even though they are more likely to give birth to a baby with a genetic disorder. They are more likely to feel more confident and independent, which improves their mood throughout pregnancy.
There is no doubt that as labor approaches, a certain depression of the state can be observed, but it is still not as pronounced as in young people.

Moreover, a woman who has devoted herself to a career throughout her younger years looks at pregnancy as an opportunity to try herself as a woman in what remains unfinished in her life.
Unlike a young mother, who has not yet found her place in life, she expects from her child that he will become the embodiment of her aspirations; she will never even admit the thought that the baby is “pulling her back.” Most of these women have already taken care of becoming professionals in their field.

but on the other hand

Late motherhood also has its own negative sides. They cannot recover as quickly after childbirth as young people; some face problems related to child care, because for a long time They only looked after themselves. An organized woman can feel very bad when all these processes cannot be planned.
Today many people are starting to give birth in more late age, but there are also times when it is too late to give birth.
Sometimes you have to stay with one child or give birth one after another at short intervals.
Opponents of late births consider such children to be too spoiled. But, for the sake of fairness, it should be noted that this trend can be observed at any age.
It is necessary to dwell on another factor.

A woman aged 35-40 years old can simultaneously be both a young mother and a caregiver for her elderly parents.

The reproductive period is primarily a period of fertility, during which a woman retains the ability to conceive and bear children. The duration of the fertile period always depends on the boundaries of reproductive age.

The right to reproductive choice is an integral part of human rights. And the opportunity to exercise one’s reproductive rights must certainly be guaranteed by the state and secured through special legislation.
Today, the activities of public and government organizations First of all, it should be aimed at protecting the reproductive health of women and those segments of the population that are at risk for both social and medical reasons.

Behind last years the late reproductive age of a woman began to attract more and more attention. This is primarily due to the fact that the population of this region has increased significantly.

Representatives of the fair sex aged 35 to 45 years make up about 30% of total number women of reproductive age.

Women of late reproductive age are primarily at risk due to pregnancy. In this category of women, pregnancy is rarely planned and in most cases ends in abortion.

Late reproductive age and can be disrupted even in the previous period, this occurs due to social, economic and sanitary conditions modern life.

Based on the above, ladies at this age are a group of the population that needs special program on reproductive health. Late reproductive age also needs special differentiated approach to the appointment of a safe and effective contraception, which will combine both preventive and medicinal qualities. The need of many women for effective contraception during perimenopause is obvious and requires intervention from both society and the state as a whole. This will help raise the demographic situation in our country and improve the quality of life.

Childbearing age is the period in a woman’s life when she is able to conceive and give birth to a child. The time during which a man's body is able to produce sperm is called the reproductive age of a man.

Childbearing (reproductive) age is an important point in pregnancy planning and pregnancy.

Woman's childbearing age

The optimal childbearing age for a woman is considered to be from 20 to 35 years. It is recommended to give birth to your first child before the age of 25-27. This takes into account the natural ability of the female body to conceive, bear a fetus and give birth to a child. In addition, this age is characterized by sufficient social and psychological maturity.

Early pregnancy

Pregnancy at an early age is often fraught with adverse consequences. Moreover, the younger the woman, the higher the risk of bleeding.

Early motherhood is dangerous for both the young mother and the child. Babies are often born with low body weight, gain weight poorly and adapt less well to external conditions.

Of course, every woman is individual and before the age of 20 she can give birth to a healthy child. Physiologically, the body may well be ready for pregnancy and childbirth without complications. However, there are other circumstances that need to be taken into account. For example, is a woman psychologically ready, does she have necessary knowledge to raise a child, does he have the means to provide for his needs?

Late pregnancy

After 35 years, female reproductive function begins to decline. First of all, this is due to hormonal changes that lead to a decrease in the ability to conceive naturally, disturbances in the menstrual cycle and the ovulation process.

It is known that a woman is born with a certain number of primary germ cells (oocytes). They mature during childbearing years but do not reproduce. Eggs are formed from primary germ cells.

We regularly encounter negative factors external environment, which negatively affect the body, including oocytes. Therefore, in women after 35-40 years of age, the likelihood of conceiving a child with genetic abnormalities increases significantly.

After 45-50 years, women reach menopause and eggs stop maturing. At this age, a woman can no longer conceive a child.

Reproductive age of a man

With age, the production of male sex hormones gradually decreases. For a man’s reproductive function, it is essential, first of all, to reduce the level of testosterone, which regulates the process of sperm formation.

Therefore, the optimal reproductive age for a man is considered to be under 35 years of age. By this time, most men have a reduced ability of sperm to fertilize an egg. As the amount of DNA damage increases, sperm become less mobile and their genetic quality deteriorates.

Conception and birth of a child among middle-aged parents

IN Lately The number of births among women over 35 years of age has increased. At the same time, there are many positive examples of the birth of a first child after 40 years. Despite the risk, having a child after 35 years has its advantages for a woman.

The hormonal changes in a woman’s body associated with pregnancy and childbirth allow her to feel like a young mother, despite her age. At the same time, it is possible to increase vitality and improve the overall well-being of a woman. In addition, significant life experience contributes to a more responsible approach to raising a child.

When planning a pregnancy in middle age, you should consult a geneticist. Genetic counseling is required for intended parents if they are over 35 years of age.

Throughout her life a woman goes through beautiful way from a girl to a woman who can give life to another person. It is the stage when this ability can and should be used that is called childbearing. A woman's reproductive age is estimated differently in different countries And by different specialists. But there is unity in one thing - the opinion that a woman should give birth from 20 to 35 is supported everywhere. It is optimal to give birth to your first child before the age of 25-27, when the body is already fully mature and ready for bearing, but, at the same time, is not worn out.

It is believed that after 45-50 years, eggs stop being produced, as a result of which a woman’s ability to conceive disappears. However, in the world there are cases of children being born to women over 50 years of age. This is largely facilitated by modern technology.

It is believed that early pregnancy dangerous for both the woman and the baby she is carrying. Mothers who are too young have an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage, bleeding and toxicosis. Babies born to mothers under 20 years of age often have underweight, after birth they do not gain it well, they do not adapt well to new conditions for them. In addition, the girl may not be psychologically ready for motherhood. She does not have all the necessary knowledge to implement proper care for the child.

If pregnancy is planned late, problems may arise with conception and pregnancy, because a woman aged 36 or more, as a rule, has certain diseases and health conditions that prevent her from conceiving or giving birth to a baby. In addition, after 40 years of age, there is a high probability of having a child with genetic disorders.

DMC of reproductive age

The question of a woman’s reproductive age is often associated with the question (DMK). Women are concerned about whether they are manifestations of menopause. According to statistics, DMC occurs in 4-5 women of reproductive age. They manifest themselves in the form of menstrual irregularities, when menstruation occurs after a significant delay or before the expected due date. Most often, the cause of DUB is a disruption of the ovaries. Other causes may include lung, kidney or liver disease. With DUB, ovulation does not occur and no corpus luteum, and progesterone levels are reduced. All this makes it impossible to conceive a child. Typically, DUB occurs in women who have had abortions. ectopic pregnancy, infection or a disease of the endocrine system.

NMC in reproductive age

Menstrual cycle disorders (MCI) in reproductive period- a common occurrence. NMCs include:

• amenorrhea – absence of menstruation;
• hypomenorrhea – coming on time scanty menstruation;
• hypermenorrhea - too much heavy menstruation that come in due date;
• polymenorrhea – too long (6-8 days) menstruation;
• – periods are too short (1-2 days);
• tachymenorrhea – shortened menstrual cycle;
• opsomenorea – too infrequent menstruation (with a cycle of more than 35 days).

Reproductive age of women in different countries

In Russia and others European countries It is an established opinion that a woman of reproductive age should be between 18 and 45 years old. During this period, it is believed that Slavic and European women can conceive and give birth to a child. At the same time, among women of southern national groups, reproductive age begins and ends much earlier. Eastern girls mature and get married early, and as mature women they age much faster. In countries Western Europe there is an opposite trend - towards a shift of more late dates: childbirth well beyond 30 and even 40 years of age is considered normal; accordingly, menopausal age is delayed, which is also facilitated by the widespread use of hormonal drugs.

How to extend a woman's reproductive age?

To extend their childbearing age, women need to closely monitor their health, treat any diseases in a timely manner, and monitor their hormonal levels. Preventing abortion is the key to prolonging the reproductive age.

Currently reproductive technologies allow you to have offspring at any age, with a serious illness and even after death.

This is possible thanks to the freezing of female eggs and male sperm and storage of biomaterial in a cryobank without loss of quality using innovative technologies.

The fertile age begins at about 15 years of age.

It is believed that in men it ends after the age of 60, but there are many cases of children being born in 70-80 year old men. For the female half of the population, everything is different. A woman is ready to conceive with the onset of menarche (first menstruation), but a woman’s fertility ends with the onset of menopause, when the functions of the gonads (ovaries) fade away and the supply of oocytes available from birth is completely exhausted. Therefore, even theoretically, with the onset of menopause, a woman is not able to continue her family.

Male Fertility

Theoretically, men are able to procreate until a very old age, since men of any age have motile sperm. Simply, starting from about 40-45 years old, the amount of testosterone and motile sperm in male body is constantly decreasing.

A man's ability to reproduce depends on the quality of his seminal fluid and the number of motile sperm. To determine the characteristics of sperm, a spermogram is performed - a highly accurate laboratory test that allows you to judge the fertility of each man.

For a spermogram, you need to collect seminal fluid in a special disposable container. Almost all clinics have a specially designated room where a man can get tested. The recommended method of collecting material is masturbation. It is strongly not recommended to examine semen obtained after sexual intercourse. A woman's reproductive tract is not sterile, the likelihood of microorganisms entering urethra men are very tall. The results of such an analysis will be unreliable.

Why is it so necessary to collect seminal fluid directly in the laboratory?

The fact is that the analysis must be carried out no later than an hour from the moment the material is collected, and sperm must be transported only at a certain temperature. Violation temperature regime and too long an interval between sperm collection and research significantly reduce the reliability of the information obtained. In such cases, the man's fertility will be incorrectly assessed.

You should properly prepare for a spermogram. To do this, three to four days before the examination you should not visit the sauna, take hot bath, drinking alcohol. If a man takes any medications, you need to inform your doctor about it. They may have to be temporarily cancelled.

During the analysis, the following parameters of seminal fluid are assessed:

• volume. For successful fertilization 3-4 ml is enough. An insufficient amount of seminal fluid indicates that a man’s fertility is reduced;
• color is normally white, sometimes with a gray tint. When layering infectious process sperm may turn yellow or green tint. Red or Brown color speaks of bleeding, possible ulceration of the vas deferens, tumors;
• the smell is specific, changes during infectious diseases;
• viscosity should be within normal limits. Too thick seminal fluid sharply reduces sperm motility;
• acidity - an acidic environment causes the death of sperm;
• the number of male reproductive cells in 1 ml of ejaculate, as well as their total number;
• sperm mobility - only those that move in a straight line can fertilize an egg;
• quality of germ cells;
• state of genetic material;
• sperm morphology. Indicators of more than 50% in a conventional study and 13% in Kruger morphology are considered normal (more stringent diagnostic criteria are used in Kruger morphology);
• presence of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Normal quantity leukocytes -1 million in 1 ml of seminal fluid. exceeding the indicator indicates inflammatory process. Red blood cells should be absent in healthy men.

Based on the results obtained from a specific technique, fertility can be determined:

• normal;
• increased;
• reduced.

The main factors that affect fertility in men are:

• age - the older a man is, the less testosterone is synthesized in his body. In addition, the sensitivity of receptors that interact with this biologically decreases. active substance. As a result, the production of male germ cells in the testicles deteriorates;
• excess weight - adipose tissue is a source of estrogens. These are female sex hormones that negatively affect erection and fertility;
• excessive and frequent psycho-emotional stress;
• traumatic injuries to the external and internal genital organs;
• inflammatory diseases, including those caused by sexually transmitted pathogens;
• somatic diseases - high blood pressure, glandular dysfunction internal secretion, diabetes;
• chronic overheating of the testicles - full-fledged sperm are produced only at a certain temperature;
• taking certain medications.

A man’s bad spermogram does not indicate that he will not be able to conceive a child. You can have a child with any sperm parameters; the chances are simply reduced with a low-quality analysis.

But even good results are not guaranteed quick conception. Not everything in the matter of conception depends on the man, much depends on the woman, the phase of the menstrual cycle in which attempts were made to conceive, the interaction and compatibility of the couple.

Female Fertility

For women, fertility is a slightly more complex set of circumstances and concepts.

The main ones are:

• normal monthly cycle;
• regular ovulation;
• the possibility of fertilizing an egg;
• the ability to bear and give birth to a child.

As with men, a woman's fertility depends on many factors, the main ones being:

• age - the older the patient, the fewer eggs can mature in her ovaries. Regular cycle after 40 years, it is not always accompanied by ovulation, and a mature egg is not always complete;
• past inflammatory diseases of the external and internal genital organs, menstrual irregularities. Chronic processes without pronounced clinical symptoms. Very often they lead to the development adhesive process, disruption of the patency of the fallopian tubes. Chronic endometritis is the main cause of miscarriage;
• excess weight, causing hormonal imbalance or as a manifestation of pathology on the part of the endocrine system.

Although it is believed that fertility occurs with the first menstruation, but female body ready to successfully cope with pregnancy and childbirth by the age of 15-16 years. After all, menarche occurs at both 11 and 12 years of age, but active reproductive age begins at the age of 15.

Around the age of 50, a woman’s ability to reproduce decreases or completely dries up. Even with regular menstruation at this age, fertilization of the egg may not occur, therefore, pregnancy will not occur.

To assess fertility in women, the following laboratory and instrumental tests are used:

• examination by a gynecologist;
• laboratory test vaginal discharge, smears from the cervical and urethra;
• confirmation of the fact of ovulation;
• hysterosalpingography;
• study of hormonal levels;
• determination of ovarian reserve.

During the examination, the doctor receives a preliminary understanding of the woman’s health condition. Bimanual examination allows you to assess the size and position of the uterus, the condition of the cervix, fallopian tubes and appendages. Microflora studies are used to detect pathogenic microorganisms that cause the inflammatory process.

To confirm the presence of an ovulatory menstrual cycle and the fact of ovulation, functional tests are used (measuring basal temperature, assessment of cervical mucus, accurate recording of menstruation dates), ultrasound examination, hormonal tests.

Ultrasound examination is used as the primary method instrumental diagnostics. This is a safe and highly informative technique that allows you to identify signs of inflammation, adhesions, tumors, and other diseases. In addition, using the technique, you can see maturing follicles and assume the exact date ovulation.

• Hysterosalpingography - x-ray method examinations designed to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes. To improve visualization, inject into the uterine cavity contrast agent. Normally it penetrates into the fallopian tubes, which is clearly visible on an x-ray.
• Hysteroscopy - endoscopic method examination during which the gynecologist assesses the condition of the inner lining of the uterus. Manipulation can be diagnostic and therapeutic. Therapeutic hysteroscopy is performed if it is necessary to remove a polyp or small tumor. In addition, during the examination you can take small pieces tissues for the purpose of pathomorphological examination.
• Determining the concentration of hormones in the blood allows the doctor to draw conclusions about the work of the endocrine glands, and, if necessary, prescribe necessary treatment. It is carried out on certain days of the menstrual cycle.
• Ovarian reserve is the number of eggs potentially capable of maturation and conception. This individual indicator, which is determined through a series of hormonal tests and ultrasound examination. Shows the effectiveness of the menstrual cycle, since with low ovarian reserve and absence of ovulation, pregnancy is impossible.

Thanks to the possibility of preserving one’s own reproductive biomaterial with the help of assistive technologies and using it in IVF, modern medicine significantly extended women's fertile age.

Reproductive female age

Reproductive female age is divided into several periods:

• duration early period– from menarche to 20 years of age;
• the duration of the average period is 20-40 years, this is the most optimal age for bearing and giving birth to children. After 35 years, fertile function in women begins to decline;
• The duration of the late period is 40-49 years; at a later age, the chances of pregnancy decrease.

It is known that women give birth both at age 50 and later, but the risk of complicated pregnancies and problematic births increases every year.

Fertility Preservation Options

There are several simple but important points, which will allow you to maintain reproductive function longer.

They are:

• regular intimacy without contraception with a regular partner, preferably at least twice a week;
• avoiding stress;
• do not starve and do not strictly limit yourself in food;
• eat rationally, balancedly, if possible, do not eat “fast” food;
• the formation of healthy sperm is negatively affected by hot baths, saunas, and wearing tight synthetic underwear;
• drink enough water;
• do not overload physically;
• exclude smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking medications;
• strengthen the immune system.

Thanks to these simple steps, you can significantly increase your ability to reproduce. If, after following all the rules, you are unable to conceive a child, you should consult with specialists at the AltraVita clinic. Experienced doctors will be able to figure out what caused the decrease in fertility.