What is a good antibiotic for children. Which children's cough antibiotic to choose?

Antibiotics are medicines, used in the treatment of infections in children caused by bacteria, such as tonsillitis, otitis media, pneumonia (pneumonia). Widespread and not always justified prescription of antibiotics to children can lead to the development of side effects such as allergies and dysbacteriosis.

But the biggest problem with misuse of antimicrobials is resistance (antibiotic resistance), when bacteria change so much that the antibiotics needed to fight the infection no longer have any effect on the child's body. Therefore, serious reasons are required for prescribing antibiotics to children.

Antibiotics

What Antibiotics DO NOT Do

• Does not affect viruses. Antibiotics kill bacteria or stop their growth, but have no effect on viruses, so they are not used for ARVI, influenza, or bronchitis.
• Does not reduce body temperature. Antibiotics are neither antipyretics nor pain relievers. They fight bacteria that cause inflammation, and not an increase in temperature. The duration of fever is not a determining indication for prescribing an antibiotic;
• Not used for OKI– acute intestinal infections with watery diarrhea, regardless of the child’s age (WHO recommendations);
• Does not prevent the development of bacterial complications, therefore, should not be used for ARVI, colds and coughs as a prophylaxis, since their use does not prevent the penetration of microorganisms (bacteria) into the body, an antibiotic is medicinal drug and has nothing other than a therapeutic (medicinal) effect. The task of the child’s parents is to detect in time possible deterioration the child’s well-being and inform the doctor.

Antibiotics for ARVI

By general rule Antibiotics for ARVI are not prescribed or used. Antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections in children can only be used if there are signs of accession bacterial infection. If it is impossible to conduct an examination (blood, urine, smear) to determine this state There are certain criteria:

• at the age of up to 3 months of the baby’s life, a high temperature (above 38) persists for 3 days;
• if after improvement on days 5-6 there is a deterioration in health - the temperature rises again to 38-39 ° C, the cough intensifies;
• submandibular enlargement The lymph nodes;
• cough persists for more than 10-14 days (whooping cough);
• discharge from the nasal passages becomes purulent;
• A white or purulent coating appears on the tonsils (tonsillitis, scarlet fever, diphtheria, infectious mononucleosis).

As a rule, with a viral infection, body temperature returns to normal by 3 days from the onset of symptoms. The cough is sporadic, there is no wheezing in the lungs or hard breathing. Discharge from the nasal passages is transparent and lacks white and green (purulent) inclusions.

Also, antimicrobial drugs can be prescribed by a pediatrician for acute respiratory viral infections and influenza to children with chronic lung pathology, immunodeficiencies, who are at risk of exacerbation of the bacterial process; their choice of antibiotic is usually predetermined in advance by the nature of the flora.

And it is important to remember that only a doctor who is monitoring (pediatrician, ENT) can prescribe an antibacterial agent for a child with ARVI.

Antibiotics for children with cough

The use of antibiotics for cough is justified and necessary only if the form of microflora that has affected the respiratory tract and caused the cough is precisely known (after receiving tests, for example, a swab from the throat or nose to identify the pathogen with culture for susceptibility to antibiotics).

Therefore, prescribing antibiotics to treat cough is allowed only after additional examinations or empirically immediately after examining the child by a doctor. Empirical therapy is the prescription of antibiotics BEFORE obtaining information about the pathogen and its sensitivity to these drugs. Such therapy is carried out taking into account the most likely pathogens of this infection and their expected sensitivity to available antimicrobial drugs, since the spectrum of pathogens changes with the age of the child, including due to natural immunization, and it is possible with a significant degree of probability to “calculate” possible pathogens and select effective antibiotics. The effect of this treatment is a drop in temperature below 38° within 12 hours and its normalization after 24-36 hours; this effect has diagnostic value in the absence of culture and blood test data.

When do children need antibiotics?

Antibacterial therapy is indicated at severe forms oh acute respiratory infection(acute respiratory diseases) in young children due to the impossibility of excluding the participation of bacterial flora in the process. For moderate forms Disease treatment with antibiotics is indicated in the presence of chronic foci of infection, with mycoplasma infection, with suspected involvement of bacterial flora in the disease and with the development of complications.

Currently absolute indications for the use of antibiotics in children are:

• infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (acute purulent sinusitis, tonsillitis (acute streptococcal tonsillitis) acute otitis media (AOM) in children of the first and second year of life, pneumonia, diphtheria, scarlet fever).
• infection urinary tract (pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection without established localization (UTI), cystitis).

To confirm or exclude a bacterial infection, so-called markers of bacterial inflammation - leukocytosis and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the blood - are usually used.

It has been proven that in a child with ARVI, bacteremia (presence of bacteria in the blood) is most likely indicated by leukocytosis >15×10 9 /l, absolute number of neutrophils >10×10 9 /l and/or band neutrophils >1.5×10 9 / l, while lower numbers are quite common with viral infections (for example, adenovirus infection). In this case, antibiotics are indicated for the child. When leukocytosis is less than 15x10 9 /l, the indication for antibiotics is an increase in the level C-reactive protein(above >30 mg/l). The level of CRP in many children with ARVI, bronchitis or laryngitis (croup) is in the range of 15-30 mg/l.

Rules for taking antibiotics in children

1. Never ask your doctor to prescribe antibiotics for your child.. It is easier for many doctors to follow parents’ lead and prescribe antimicrobial agents to a child without specific indications than to explain to the parent the inappropriateness of such a prescription and risk their reputation.
2. Do not use these drugs on your own initiative or without your doctor's knowledge.. Parents will not always be able to understand the specific signs of diseases and indications for prescribing antibiotics to their child.
3. If the child has already received antibiotics in the previous 2-3 months, then this information must be passed on to the doctor to eliminate the risk of carrying resistant microflora.
4. If the doctor prescribed an antibiotic, then ask him to explain why he suspects the baby has a bacterial infection. Ask your doctor for a referral for a blood test, a throat or nasal swab (if you suspect a sore throat or sinusitis), or a urine test (if you suspect a kidney infection or Bladder), based on the results of which it is possible to determine the “culprit” of the disease and, if necessary, adjust the prescribed treatment.
5. Age restrictions. When choosing antibiotics, it is very important to consider the age of the child. After all, for the treatment of a newborn and three year old child required different drugs, and some antibiotics are prohibited for use in early age(for example, tetracyclines - used only from 8 years old).
6. Taking antibiotics only by mouth. In pediatrics, the main route of administration of an antimicrobial drug is considered oral, as it is the least traumatic. Preference is given to drugs without sugar and dyes that cause allergic reactions. Soluble granules and dispersible tablets (which dissolve in the mouth) are dosed more accurately.
7. Dosage and frequency of administration. Give the drug to the child in the dose recommended by the doctor, without decreasing or increasing it. To measure a single dose, it is unacceptable to use cutlery, since teaspoons or dessert spoons do not always hold 5 or 10 ml. Observe the frequency of administration - give the child as many times as prescribed by the doctor, or as written in the instructions. For penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, the recommended daily dose with 2-fold administration creates a concentration in the tissues sufficient to obtain a clinical and bacteriological effect. And antibiotics such as azithromycin are taken only once a day.
8. It is important to observe the duration of drug treatment, since a decrease in temperature and an improvement in the child’s condition are not a sufficient reason to discontinue the antibacterial agent. Quite often, parents stop taking antibiotics on their own after 2-3 days of treatment, as soon as the baby feels better. However, the body cannot cope with the infection on its own, the disease becomes sluggish and can be complicated by damage to the heart, kidneys, etc. In addition, due to premature withdrawal of the antibiotic, new resistant strains of bacteria arise, and in the future its use becomes ineffective. But, on the other hand, if an antibiotic is taken longer than the prescribed time, despite the lack of effect, the risk of complications and adverse reactions increases.
9. Do not use antibiotics together with antihistamines due to lack of evidence of the benefits of their combined administration. If a child experiences an allergic reaction while taking an antibiotic, the drug should be stopped and the doctor informed so that he can choose another one. antimicrobial drug.

The dangers of unjustified prescription of antibiotics

Increasing resistance (resistance) to antibiotics among microbes. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change to protect themselves from the antibiotic. Resistance is spreading more and more, while the number effective antibiotics decreases. This means that the day may come when there are no antibiotics left to fight infectious diseases.

Disturbance of the normal microflora of the body. Antibiotics, destroying pathogenic microorganisms, suppress the growth and development of normal microflora.

Risk of adverse reactions. Systematic and misuse in the treatment of antibiotics can lead to allergic reactions, decreased activity of the body’s protective functions and other undesirable consequences.

Antibiotics are substances that help destroy and reduce the activity of pathogenic bacteria. There are antibiotic groups aimed at treating a wide range of diseases. The funds in this group are strong medicines, bring not only benefits, but also a lot of harm, so you need to know how to correctly use children's antibiotics in the form of a suspension so that health improves and there are no side effects.

However, in medical practice There are also diseases for which treatment antibiotic drugs is mandatory. So, the products are indispensable for purulent sinusitis acute type, paratonsillitis, otitis, inflammation of the tonsils. Of course, parents have the right to refuse their child to take such dangerous drugs, but in this case they need to prepare for a long recovery process, which requires serious energy expenditure on the part of the fragile child’s body.

The disease situation can be aggravated by poor ecology, so if there is confirmation of an infectious process, it is recommended to give an antibiotic to avoid complications. If there is only elevated temperature and there are no other symptoms, antibiotics should not be given. There are only two situations in which an exception to the general rules can be made.

• The baby has not reached the age of three, and the temperature has risen above 39 degrees;
• the baby was less than 3 months old, and the temperature reached above 38 degrees.

If we are talking about colds such as acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, causing fever, severe runny nose and cough, antibiotics will not help, but will only harm. In this case, it is better to use “lighter” drugs and folk remedies.

Injections with antibiotics

This method is rare and is used only in exceptional cases when the child is in serious danger. Even if a child refuses to take the suspension, this is not a reason to inject it orally. It is enough to dilute it with the food that the baby loves most, this will make it easier to take the drug.

List of the most common drugs

Before you choose good antibiotic wide spectrum of action, it is necessary to properly study full list drugs offered in pharmaceuticals. Most often, such drugs are used for diagnoses of colds and known infectious processes.

• CLACID;
• AMOXICILLIN;
• AUGMENTIN;
• SUMAMED;
• AZARAN.

This is not a complete list effective drugs, and the main task of every mother is to learn to understand them. This will provide the baby with maximum quality treatment with a wide range various ailments. It is also worth understanding in which cases taking this or that drug is necessary, and in which situations you can do without it. Most often, these drugs are used for very high temperatures, bronchitis, sore throat, and colds, but only an experienced and competent specialist should prescribe the drugs. It is he who determines the disease that has affected the baby’s body and determines the cause of the appearance of certain symptoms.

The main groups of drugs according to the method of action on the body

• If the baby has an elevated body temperature for several days, the tonsils are covered with a white coating, and the lymph nodes are enlarged, it can be argued that there is a sore throat that requires treatment with antibiotics. They are used exclusively in the form of suspensions.
• If a baby suffers from bronchitis and other inflammations in the respiratory area, the use of antibiotics is not always appropriate. Some diseases can be eliminated solely by improving living conditions in terms of ecology and nutrition. If the disease is infectious in nature, taking antibiotics is mandatory.

What drugs are most often used in pediatrics?

• Drugs that affect the influence of staphylococci (ZINNAT, SUPRAX, SUMAMED) require taking with extreme caution.
• Agents that kill streptococci (CLATSID, MACROPEN) have several restrictions on use.
• Semi-synthetic penicillins (SOLUTAB, AUGMENTIN).
• Drugs that promote the “killing” of gram-negative bacilli (POLYMYXINS - FLUIMUCIL).
• Agents that destroy fungi, tuberculosis bacillus, and symptoms of a wide range of diseases.

The use of antibiotic suspensions for various diseases

Angina

• The most commonly prescribed broad-spectrum drug for children is the macrolide SUMAMED. It accumulates quickly inside the body, it effectively affects pathogens, and is used within three days. In pediatrics, this drug is most effectively used in the form of a suspension, drunk an hour before meals once a day. It is important to drink plenty of fluids after using the drug.
• Another remedy widely used in practice is KLATSID, which belongs to the same group. Its action is based on destruction pests and preventing the synthesis of their protein elements. In addition, the drug has an anti-inflammatory effect and ensures restoration of the immune system during long-term illness.
• If there is a purulent sore throat, CEFTRIAXONE is most often used. This tool It is antibacterial in nature and is available in the form of injections. Injections are given strictly as prescribed by the doctor.
• A remedy that effectively fights childhood sore throat is ZINNAT; its suspensions taste like syrup, so special problems does not occur with use. The drug is indicated for use even by infants.

Effective antibiotic suspensions for bronchitis

As in the case of sore throat, various medications help fight this disease. Most often, children are prescribed FLEMOXIN, SOLUTAB. They can be used even by newborns and are sold in the form of suspensions. If the pathogens are of an atypical nature, the second remedy is ineffective, but it has a pleasant taste that children usually like. If observed infectious process in the field of ENT organs, doctors prescribe SUPRAX, CEDEX.

For asthma and cough

If a child has developed bronchial asthma, cough, pneumonia and other pulmonary diseases leading to the formation of viscous sputum, FLUIMUCIL is most often used. Therapy with this drug gives good results; the drug can be used even by the youngest patients under the age of one year. CEFTRIAXONE is used to treat complex bronchial forms.

Common colds

If the child has reached three months of age, he is prescribed AUGMENTIN - this is penicillin that blocks inflammatory processes and involved in the treatment of serious inflammation and infections. MACROPENE, SUMAMED, FLEMOXIN, TAVEGIL, SUPRASTIN are also widely used.

The following groups of antibiotic agents are aimed at effective fight with the disease, however, caution is recommended when using them.

Cough is a protective-adaptive mechanism that helps clear the respiratory tract of sputum (mucous or purulent), microorganisms, dust, etc.

The causes of cough can be allergic, infectious (viruses, fungi, bacteria), mechanical ( foreign bodies) and neurogenic nature. It can also serve as a manifestation of heart failure. In children, it may be associated with sinusitis or purulent adenoiditis. In this case, the child may reflexively cough due to the flow of mucous or purulent discharge down the back wall throats.

Unreasonable, irrational appointment antibacterial drugs is one of the most common and significant errors in treatment, leading to the growth of drug-resistant flora.

It is important to remember that antibiotics for children with coughs and runny noses are used only if the disease is caused by bacterial flora.

In case of ARVI, antimicrobial therapy is justified only in complicated cases with the addition of a tank. component ( , ).

When choosing a children's cough antibiotic, you need to consider:

• direction of action of the drug and sensitivity of the pathogen;
• the ability of the product to create high therapeutic significant concentrations in an inflammatory focus;
• the ratio of effectiveness and toxicity of the product (it should be minimal).
• age of the child;
• preferred route of administration (oral or injection) and form of medication (tablets, capsules, suspensions, etc.).

The table shows children's antibiotics for coughs and runny noses with names and diseases for which they are used.

Penicillins with an extended spectrum of activity:

• (, Amoxicillin Sandoz ®, );

Inhibitor-protected penicillins:

• Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ® (, );
• Ampicillin + Sulbactam ® (Trifomox IBL ®, Sultasin ®);

Oral cephalosporins:

• (); (Ceclor ®, Vercefa ®).
• ( , Sorcefa ® , ); ().

Injectable cephalosporins:

• Cefuroxime ® (Zinacef ® , Cephurus ® ).
• ; (Rofecin ® a, ); (Medocefa ®, Cephobita ®); (, Vicefa ®) Cefoperazone/sulbactam ® (Sulzoncefa ®, Bakperazone ®, Sulcefa ®).
• (Maxipima ®, Maxicefa ®); Cefpiroma ® (Keyten ®).

Antibiotics for coughs in children in suspension and tablets

Klacid ®

An effective antibiotic for coughs in children of a bacterial nature, including bronchitis and pneumonia caused by mycoplasma or chlamydia (the disease manifests itself as a whooping cough and, as a rule, occurs without fever).

The drug is manufactured in the USA by Abbott ® .

For patients younger age The solution is available in powder form for the production of suspension. with a dosage of 125 and 250 milligrams in five milliliters, the price per bottle is about 390 and 420 rubles, respectively.

The active substance of the product is clarithromycin. This is an antimicrobial drug belonging to the macrolide class. The mechanism of influence on pathogens and a wide range of antibacterial effects are due to its ability to interact with 50S subunits in the ribosomes of pathogens and irreversibly suppress the processes of protein synthesis. It is worth noting that clarithromycin is not destroyed by bacterial beta-lactamases. Active against intracellular and extracellular pathogens.

Contraindications for use:

• impaired renal function with creatinine clearance below thirty milliliters per minute;
• porphyria;
• taking Astemizole ® and Terfenadine ®;
• macrolide intolerance.

Side effects of the product may manifest themselves:

• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• perversion of taste;
• allergic manifestations;
• suppression of normal intestinal microflora and fungal infection of the mucous membranes;
• anxiety and insomnia;
• decrease in the number of platelets and leukocytes;
• reactive pancreatitis;
• increased levels of liver transaminases;
• reversible hearing loss.

Doses and duration of use

Prepared soup can be used within two weeks. It must be stored at room temperature.

The bioavailability and absorption of the drug does not depend on food consumption.

The suspension can be prescribed from six months. From the age of twelve, with a body weight of more than 40 kilograms, you can use the tablet form.

From 6 months up to 12 years of age, Klacid ® is used at a dose of 7.5 mg per kg of body weight twice a day. The duration of treatment ranges from a week to 10 days. Treatment of bronchitis or pneumonia caused by chlamydia or mycoplasma can last up to three weeks.

Daily dose for children (divided into two doses)

Pantsef ®

Actively active ingredient drugs – cefixime, which is a semi-synthetic oral cephalosporin of the 3rd generation. Has a wide spectrum of bactericidal activity against pathogenic flora, due to the suppression of synthesis processes structural components bacterial wall.

It is resistant to beta-lactamases of pathogens.

Ospamox ®

The active ingredient is amoxicillin.

This is a semi-synthetic antimicrobial agent related to penicillins with an extended spectrum of activity. Has a bactericidal effect on pathogenic flora, due to the ability to inhibit the synthesis of supporting components of the bacterial wall. Ospamox ® is not active against microorganisms capable of producing penicillinases.

Amoxicillin is contraindicated:

• if you are allergic to beta-lactams;
• patients with mononucleosis or exacerbation of chronic carriage of herpes virus infection;
• patients with bronchial asthma or lymphocytic leukemia;
• with severe impairment of the kidneys and liver;
• with a history of diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis caused by antibacterial therapy.

It is prescribed with caution to diabetics, due to the fact that the medicine contains sugar.

Side effects of Opamox ® may occur:

• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• reversible discoloration of tooth enamel;
• staining the tongue black;
• tremors and convulsions;
• thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis;
• interstitial nephritis;
• diarrhea and inflammation of the large intestine;
• dysbacteriosis and candidiasis;
• allergic reactions.

Dosages of Ospamox ®

The dose of the drug is calculated based on the weight and weight of the child. For younger patients, it is preferable to use a suspension.

In case of illness medium degree severity Ospamox ® is prescribed from 30 to 50 milligrams per kilogram. At severe course illness, the dose can be increased to 60 mg/kg. Daily dose is divided into two or three steps.

Children over 10 years old and weighing more than forty kilograms can be prescribed the tablet form. 0.5 g every eight hours. For severe cases - 750 mg three times a day.

Prescription for young children

• Children from one to three years old are recommended to take 2.5-5 ml (0.25 grams in five ml) every 12 hours;
• from three to six years old, use 5-7.5 ml (0.25 grams in 5 ml) twice a day;
• from six to ten years, 2.5-5 ml (0.5 g in five milliliters) is prescribed.

The duration of the course should be from five to ten days.

Vilprafen Solutab ®

The active component of Vilprafen ® is Josamycin.

This is an antimicrobial agent from the group of macrolides, which has a bactericidal effect due to the irreversible suppression of protein synthesis processes in the microbial cell. Highly effective against intracellular pathogens.

Contraindicated for:

• presence of hypersensitivity to macrolides;
• severe renal and liver failure;
• prematurity.

The suspension is used with caution in diabetics due to the dextrose content.

Side effects appear:

• decreased appetite;
• dyspeptic disorders;
• cholestatic jaundice;
• antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis;
• hypovitaminosis;
• reversible dose-dependent hearing loss.

Dosages of Vilprafen ®

Children under fourteen years of age are prescribed as a suspension. from 30 to fifty mg per kg, divided into three times.

Children over 14 years of age are prescribed one dose - two grams in three doses.

The standard course of treatment is 10 days.

If the intended beneficial effect from antibiotics exceeds negative impact antimicrobial agents for children's body, the doctor prescribes antibacterial therapy. The form in which the drugs will be prescribed largely influences the mood of the child during treatment.

If taking medications turns into a painful procedure, unpleasant and tasteless, it will be difficult for moms and dads to explain to the baby that the doctor is good man, and the medicine prescribed by him will help the baby recover.

Peculiarities

Antibiotics in the form of a suspension are often called “children’s antibiotics” by parents. Indeed, medications in this form are very convenient to give to newborns, infants, and older children. After all, a child, even at 5-6 years old, cannot always swallow a pill on his own, and caring parents naturally do not want to give injections to children, if there is a worthy and gentler alternative.

If the doctor does not insist on injections, then it makes sense to ask him whether it is possible to purchase the prescribed antibiotic in the form of a suspension.

Manufacturers grind the solid into powder or crush it into granules in factories. This product is then packaged in bottles.

It is very simple to prepare a suspension at home: just add chilled boiled water to the mark on the bottle into the pharmacy bottle. Moreover, first you need to fill half of the required amount, mix thoroughly, shake, let stand for a while, and then top up to the mark and mix thoroughly again so that there is no sediment left at the bottom of the bottle. Measure the resulting substance using a measuring syringe or spoon to the desired dose.

Usually, modern suspensions have a rather pleasant smell and fruity taste; the child does not need to be persuaded to take such a medicine for a long time.

Antibiotic drugs in the form of a suspension are created primarily for children. They are intended for infants, infants, children under 5-6 years old, and sometimes older, if the child is capricious and refuses to take pills on his own. From the age of 12, children are allowed to take capsules.

For the convenience of parents, suspensions are produced various dosages, i.e. concentration active substance in a dry preparation it varies.

Indications

Antibiotics in the form of a suspension can be prescribed to children for various ENT diseases, for intestinal infections caused by bacilli and bacteria, for dental diseases, for inflammation of the genitourinary system, during rehabilitation after operations.

For viral infections - influenza, acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, scarlet fever, chickenpox, measles, mononucleosis, antibiotics should not be taken!

The need to take antibiotics should be decided by a doctor, especially since since that year antibacterial drugs can no longer be purchased freely; the pharmacist will definitely ask you for a prescription.

Review of Suprax drugs

Strong and effective antibiotic The cephalosporin group is prescribed for advanced forms of the disease, when it is severe, or if weaker antibiotics (penicillin group or macrolide group) have no effect. The drug will be prescribed for bacterial respiratory tract infections, pharyngitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, and urinary tract diseases caused by microbes, such as cystitis. A child may be prescribed Suprax for otitis media.

The pharmacy will offer you a children's version of the antibiotic - granules for preparing a suspension. It needs to be done in two stages. First add 40 mg of chilled boiled water. Shake and let sit. Then add the rest of the liquid to the mark on the bottle. Shake again so that no undissolved particles remain.

The dosage should be calculated taking into account the weight and age of the child:

Pantsef

A powerful third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic will be prescribed to children with complex pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and tonsillitis. The drug is effective in the treatment of sinusitis, acute or chronic bronchitis, purulent otitis. In pharmacies, Pancef is available both in granules for diluting the suspension, and in powder, which is used for the same purposes. Capacity – 100 mg.

The suspension should also be prepared in two steps, adding water and shaking until the substance is homogeneous.

The dosage of the drug is calculated according to the formula, depending on weight, age and severity of the disease.

The suspension is stored in the refrigerator for no more than 14 days.

Klacid

This is a macrolide antibiotic that is often prescribed for bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis and otitis. Effective for skin infections. The pharmacist can offer you powders for preparing a suspension in 125 mg and 250 mg packaging. "Klatsid" has distinguishing feature. This suspension can be given to the child with, before or after food. It doesn't have of great importance. In addition, the suspension can be washed down with milk (it is usually contraindicated to take antibacterial drugs with milk).

It is worth paying attention to the concentration of the drug. When using Klacid 250, in 5 ml. The medicine will contain 250 ml. antibiotic. It turns out that 150 mg. the medications needed for a child weighing 20 kg will be contained in 3 ml. suspensions.

Dosage of the drug

The finished suspension should be stored for no more than 14 days.

Cephalexin

The first generation cephalosporin antibiotic is used to treat children with the most various diseases upper and lower respiratory tract. The doctor will recommend Cephalexin for bacterial diseases genitourinary system – for cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, etc.

The pharmacy will offer you suspension powders of different “calibers” - 125 mg, 250 and 500 mg. As well as granules, from which you can also prepare a suspension in a 250 mg bottle. You should take the prepared suspension about an hour before meals.

Dosage of the drug

The prepared suspension should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 2 weeks.

Azithromycin

This one is strong and universal antibiotic with a wide spectrum of action, it quickly copes with microorganisms that cause tonsillitis, tonsillitis, including purulent tonsillitis, otitis, and atypical respiratory diseases caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma.

The drug will benefit the child with skin infections and some stomach ailments. Azithromycin suspension is available in concentrations of 100 and 200 mg. The drug is not recommended for children under six months of age.

Dosage

Macropen

A worthy representative of the macrolide group can be recommended by a doctor for bronchitis, even chronic, otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, diphtheria and whooping cough. The medicine can be purchased in the form of a suspension, or rather in the form of dry granules for further dilution.

Dosage:

Azitrox

A macrolide antibiotic that is quickly absorbed and quickly eliminated from the body without accumulating in tissues. It is recommended for a child suffering from bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis, including purulent otitis media. The drug is very effective for sinusitis, sore throat, tonsillitis, as well as for some inflammations of the bladder and ureters. A suspension of this antibiotic can be made from ready-made pharmaceutical powder.

Dosage

Augmentin

An antimicrobial drug of the penicillin family, common in pediatrics, helps cope with respiratory infections and ENT diseases. It has proven to be equally effective in treating a number of urinary tract infections, as well as infections of bones and joints. In pharmacies, pharmacists have three concentrations of dry matter for preparing the “children's form” - 125 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg.

Dosage

Children weighing more than 40 kg are given doses, according to the instructions for use, similar to doses for adults. The prepared suspension should be stored for no more than one week.

Amoxicillin

Perhaps the most popular antibiotic. It is prescribed for children for tonsillitis, pneumonia, otitis media and bronchitis. Very effective against pathogens of cystitis and pyelonephritis. May be the mainstay of the treatment regimen typhoid fever, cholecystitis. It is prescribed for meningitis and salmonellosis. The suspension is available in granules for subsequent dilution in a single concentration of 250 mg.

Dosage

The prepared suspension can be stored for no more than two weeks.

Amoxiclav

Also quite a popular antibiotic of the penicillin family. Prescribed for various ENT diseases and respiratory ailments. Can be prescribed for the treatment of cystitis, urethritis, bone and muscle infections. There are three options - bottles of dry matter are available in pharmacies at 125, 250 and 400 mg.

Dosage

The prepared suspension should be stored in the refrigerator in a tightly closed container for no more than one week.

Ospamox

A penicillin antibiotic is often prescribed by pediatricians for the treatment of otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis, including chronic bronchitis, skin infections and soft tissue diseases caused by microbes.

On pharmacy shelves there is a large selection of substances for preparing Ospamox suspensions. This is a dry substance in concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 mg and granules of 125 and 250 mg.

Dosage

The suspension cannot be washed down with milk!

Zinnat

A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic can be prescribed by a doctor to a child in the treatment of inflammation of the lungs, bronchi, complex abscess lungs, tonsillitis, otitis, infectious skin ailments. Copes perfectly with microbes that cause cystitis and pyelonephritis. In pharmacies, among other forms, it is available in granules for self-diluted suspension.

Dosage

Infants under 3 months of age are not prescribed antibiotics.

Hemomycin

A representative of the macrolide group has proven itself to be the basis of therapy for pneumonia, including atypical pneumonia, tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis, diseases urinary system(cystitis, urethritis). Recommended by experts for skin infections, as well as stomach diseases. If the doctor has prescribed Hemomycin, the pharmacist will offer you two types of dry substance for suspension - at a concentration of 100 mg and 200 mg.

Dosage

The finished suspension should not be stored for more than five days!

Sumamed

This well-known bacteriostatic antimicrobial drug of the macrolide group is considered “ universal soldier" It successfully copes with most ENT diseases, respiratory infections, skin and genitourinary infections. For children, pharmacists present it in the form of a powder, from which it is quite easy to prepare a suspension containing 100 mg of antibiotic in 5 ml of the finished substance. The name of the drug in the form of a suspension often contains the word “Forte”.

Dosage

Take the suspension 1 hour before meals or two hours after meals. The suspension can be stored in the refrigerator or a dark, dry place, tightly closed, for no more than five days.

1. Do not violate the recipe for preparing the suspension. Dilute the dry substance exclusively with water, not milk, juice or tea.
2. Monitor the expiration date of the suspension. Usually, it is short - from 5 to 20 days. After this time has elapsed, the medicine cannot be taken.
3. Do not violate the schedule for taking the drug, do not interrupt the course of treatment prescribed by the doctor, even if the child’s condition has improved.
4. When giving the suspension at a fever, avoid antipyretics. They can create the wrong illusion of the effectiveness of treatment by “bringing down” the fever. With a correctly prescribed antibiotic suspension, the temperature should drop on its own. This will be one of the criteria by which the doctor will evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.
5. If you take the suspension for a cold, do not rush to add cough or runny nose medications to your treatment regimen. All additional medications should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account drug interactions drugs.
6. Do not draw conclusions about the ineffectiveness of the antibiotic in the first 48 hours, especially based on reviews of “experienced” mothers from the Internet. To understand whether the medicine is working, you need to wait three days. If relief does not occur, tell your doctor, he will change the prescribed antibiotic to another antimicrobial drug.

Also a lot of useful and interesting information can be found in the video “When Antibiotics Are Needed” by Dr. Komarovsky.

Diseases in childhood– a frequent and inevitable phenomenon. A child’s body cannot always cope with infections on its own, so the doctor prescribes antibacterial drugs. Parents should not be afraid of prescribing antibacterial drugs, because when correct use and strictly following the doctor's instructions, medications do much more good than harm. Moreover, for children today antibiotics are most often prescribed in suspension, which contain the optimal dosage and have a milder effect.

Antibacterial drugs were invented not so long ago; they are obtained synthetically. They are effective in treating bacterial infections. If the disease is caused by other reasons, these medications will be useless. A pediatrician will not recommend the use of antibiotics without a good reason. He will prescribe a suitable drug and prescribe a dosage according to age little patient and the severity of his illness.

Parents make the three most common mistakes when treating their children:

1. They begin treatment with antibacterial drugs without a doctor’s prescription when it is not necessary.
2. Neglect of doctor's recommendations. Often parents do not give their children antibiotics prescribed by the doctor, thereby worsening the situation.
3. Self-discontinuation of the drug. These medications have a cumulative effect. At the first improvement, parents stop taking the medication, thereby canceling its effect.

Important! The course of antibiotics must be completed to the end; only a doctor can stop them.
Before prescribing a specific medicine, the doctor clarifies the diagnosis to determine the nature of the disease. Do it quickly laboratory methods is not possible, but the course of the viral infection is somewhat different. Typically, the virus affects the body for a short time, and the child’s high fever does not last longer than three days. If the symptoms of the disease and the fever do not disappear or weaken after three days, if the temperature is above a certain point for a long time, we can talk about a bacterial infection and prescribe antibiotics. Another sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of pus that discharges from the nose or is manifested by the appearance of purulent sores on the tonsils.

Prescription of antibiotics is necessary for the following diseases: otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis, and when tonsillitis occurs. Children's antibiotics in suspension are also prescribed for intestinal infections, diseases of the genitourinary system, dental diseases, and also during recovery after surgical operations. For life-threatening infections, such as meningitis, antibacterial drugs are prescribed immediately, without tests or tests. If there is time and there is no threat to life, it is advisable to donate blood and a smear to determine the type of bacteria and the antibiotic to which they are sensitive.

Antibiotics in the form of a suspension are the most popular antibacterial drugs for children today. They have their own advantages:

• The dosage of the active substance in the suspension for children is usually reduced. Thanks to this, the drug has a gentler and more gentle effect on the body.
• These medications are absorbed faster than similar medications in tablets.
• The suspension is much easier to give to both infants and schoolchildren. After all, even at 6-7 years of age, children are not always able to swallow a whole tablet. Injections are a great stress for any child, and the suspension is a more gentle alternative. In addition, most suspensions have a pleasant fruity taste. The baby won't have to drink bitters, and parents should force him to do it.

When prescribing antibiotics for children, check with your doctor whether it is possible to replace drugs in the form of injections or tablets with a suspension.

Children's antibiotic suspension is a powder of small granules. The solid substance is ground or crushed in the factory, after which the finished product is placed in a container. The drug must first be prepared following the instructions included in each package.

There is a special mark on the bottle to which you need to add water. It is located close to the neck and is clearly visible. The water should be potable and at room temperature. The first portion of water is added to half the required volume, after which the bottle should be shaken thoroughly so that the powder is evenly distributed in the water. After 30-40 seconds, add the remaining volume of water and shake the suspension thoroughly again. You can prepare the drug in three steps for more thorough mixing.

Stored ready suspension in a refrigerator. Before giving it to your child, you need to shake the bottle thoroughly, since the powder does not dissolve in water, but forms a suspension that settles at the bottom. The bottle can be placed in a cup with warm water to slightly warm the medicine. A measuring syringe or measuring spoon is required with each drug in order to correctly measure the required dose.
Important! The concentration of the active substance in the drug may vary. Be sure to check the dosage when purchasing an antibiotic.

Self-prescription of antibiotics for yourself or a child is not recommended, as it can lead to negative consequences, best case scenario the drug will be useless, at worst, they will appear dangerous complications. The fact is that the doctor prescribes this or that medicine to the baby depending on the disease, its causes and its severity. At various diseases Different drugs are used, although there are also broad-spectrum drugs that target many different bacteria. But in any case, trust the appointment suitable drug and choosing the exact name of the medicine is better for the pediatrician.

A common childhood cold, which is characterized by a slight runny nose, does not require the use of antibacterial drugs. The fact is that colds are caused by viruses that do not respond to antibiotics. But often a “cold” also refers to some other childhood illnesses, or during the course of the disease a bacterial infection occurs, since the body is weakened. You can't do without antibiotics here.

Prescription for colds is relevant if the baby is sick very often and seriously, with constant relapses, and the illness lasts for a long time. The choice of the appropriate drug depends on many factors, including the age of the patient. The following list can be made of the most popular antibiotic suspensions for children with colds.

• Drugs of the tetracycline group. Prescribed to children strictly over eight years of age. These drugs were among the first to appear, so many infections acquired immunity to them.
• Group of aminopenicillins. This includes drugs that have a wide spectrum of action, namely Amoxicillin and Ampicillin. They are considered one of the safest and are prescribed even to children. infancy.
• Macrolide group. These are the most modern antibiotics, which include Erythromycin and Azithromycin. Fromilid is one of the most popular drugs among macrolides, which is prescribed to children.
• Fluoroquinol group. Most strong drugs, which destroy even the most resistant bacteria. They are appointed as “heavy artillery” when nothing else helps. These include Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin.

Attention! In no case should you give an antibiotic for a cold for prevention!

Cough is a symptom of many diseases. So, when prescribing antibiotics for children with a cough, the doctor looks exactly at the cause that caused it. Viral diseases are accompanied by a cough, which can last for several days and change its nature over time. Cough occurs with whooping cough, with pneumonia and bronchitis in children, with a viral infection. It can also start with allergies. The doctor's examination includes a visual examination of the throat and taking a smear for analysis. An antibiotic is prescribed only if the bacterial nature of the disease is confirmed.

Medicine for cough in a child should be chosen depending on the diagnosis and age of the patient. For coughs, modern macrolide antibiotics are usually prescribed. These are Fromilid, Azithromycin, Sumamed, Macropen. The drugs are available in the form of a suspension; they have a fruity taste and a pleasant aroma. The child will be happy to drink this medicine.

When a cough is accompanied by a runny nose, the prescription of antibiotics depends on the activity of pathogenic microorganisms. Often, restorative therapy is sufficient, but a protracted illness with the addition of a bacterial infection requires the prescription of antibiotics.

• For coughs and runny nose, the pediatrician most often prescribes Augmentin, Flemoxin Solutab or Amoxiclav, which are available in the form of a suspension.
• Cephalosporins are also effective in treatment, for example, Cefataxime or Cefuroxime, which are broad-spectrum drugs.
• Modern drugs of the macrolide group are effective for protracted forms of the disease. These include Fromilid, Sumamed, Clarithromycin.

The suspension form allows you to give medicine to children without problems and dissatisfaction on their part.

The most common throat diseases in children are tonsillitis, pharyngitis and purulent tonsillitis. It is for these diseases that antibiotics should be prescribed. Each of the diseases is accompanied unpleasant symptoms, and can also lead to complications.

Important! Treatment with antibacterial drugs for throat diseases should begin as soon as the doctor has prescribed them, since the likelihood of complications in children preschool age very big.

Antibiotics for sore throat in children are prescribed from penicillin series. The most popular are Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Flemoxin Solutab. They are used when the disease is caused streptococcal infection. If a child is allergic to penicillin, then modern macrolide drugs will come to the rescue: Fromilid, Erythromycin, azithromycin. Sometimes Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone and other broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

Taking antibiotics in any case harms the body, because the medicine kills not only harmful, but also beneficial bacteria. However, subject to several simple rules harm can be reduced to a minimum.

• The minimum course of treatment is five days. Under no circumstances should you interrupt it, even if the child feels better. Otherwise, the disease may return in the coming days, and the bacteria will already become resistant to the drug being taken and will not respond to it.
• It is necessary to strictly observe breaks between antibiotic doses; children should be given medicine at the same time with equal intervals.
• The suspension should be shaken thoroughly before use by children so that the suspension is homogeneous.
• The medicine must be taken with large amounts clean water room temperature or take the medicine with food.
• Antibacterial therapy affects the gastrointestinal tract, so it is necessary to take appropriate medications that support normal microflora intestines.

Important! If there is no improvement within three days after starting antibiotics, you should contact your pediatrician to change the medication.

Mothers try in every possible way to protect children under one year from taking antibiotics. On the one hand, this is correct, the immune system The baby is not yet fully formed. On the other hand, infections can be very dangerous for the baby, so prescribing antibacterial drugs is indispensable. For infants and children up to one year old, antibiotics are available in the form of a suspension. Firstly, it is easier to give such a drug. And secondly, the suspension has a more gentle effect on the intestines. Many medications are contraindicated for babies under six months of age. The list of approved medications is small: Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Sumamed. Some medications, for example Fromilid, can be taken starting at 6 months.

In conclusion, it should be said that absolutely all antibiotics negatively affect certain body systems. At the same time, it is simply impossible to cure many diseases without antibacterial therapy. With proper use of antibiotics and care for recovery after therapy, the risk to the child is minimized.

During the development process, a child’s fragile body is repeatedly exposed to various types of pathogenic microorganisms. After visiting a doctor, the parents of a young patient begin to anxiously study the instructions for the prescribed medications, fearing that antibiotics will be used in the children's treatment regimen. This type of concern is exacerbated by regular media reports about negative consequences use of one or another means.

Data official statistics, in turn, indicate the need to use antibiotic therapy in the treatment of children themselves of different ages, starting from the moment the baby is born.

All contradictions are resolved with a competent approach to the system of eliminating the disease, both from the doctor and the parents, namely:

• antibacterial and antimicrobials are prescribed only by a specialist based on clinical manifestations illness and test results;
• Control of the child’s medication intake in accordance with these recommendations is carried out by an adult.

The two points above will help minimize side effects medications on the body, the possible manifestations of which worry parents so much, and will speed up the recovery process of the little patient as much as possible.

To date, the list known antibiotics contains more than 10,000 titles; 5% of them are actively used to combat pathogens.

Systematization of such a number of drugs is carried out according to a number of characteristics, including the structure, generation of the drug and the mechanism of action on the infectious agent.

One of the classifications provides for the division of antibiotics according to the spectrum of action into different types pathogens:

• anticoccal, inhibiting the growth of colonies and destroying representatives of the genus streptococci, staphylococci, as well as clostridia - macrolides, cephalosporins (first generation), lincomycin;
• anti-tuberculosis - rifampicin, streptomycin;
• antifungals - ketoconazole, diflucan;
• affecting gram-negative bacilli - cephalosporins (third generation), polymyxins;
• broad-spectrum drugs - aminoglycosides, amoxicillins.

You should know that most diseases accompanied by nasal discharge, cough, slight increase body temperature, do not require the use of antibiotics. The development of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections occurs under the influence of viruses that are resistant to antibacterial drugs.

If on the 4th–5th day of illness, instead of the expected recovery, the condition worsens, it means that bacterial infections have joined the pathogens.

In this case, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and targeted drugs is completely justified.

Medicines that destroy pathogens are used by pediatricians when a child develops:

• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• acute purulent sinusitis;
• otitis;
• cystitis;
• paratonsillitis;
• furunculosis;
• pyelonephritis;
• urethritis, etc.

As a rule, when high temperature, not accompanied by other symptoms, antibiotics are not prescribed until the diagnosis is definitively clarified.

If a small patient is admitted to the clinic in in serious condition specialists immediately include universal drugs with a wide spectrum of action into therapy; Treatment correction occurs after receiving laboratory test results.

When choosing a remedy, the attending physician will not only take into account the child’s well-being, but will also definitely clarify his weight and age, since all medications are recommended taking into account the above parameters (for example, the tetracycline group can only be used when patients reach 8 years of age).

The frequently prescribed list of antibiotics for children includes the following medications:

• Augmentin - combined modern drug to relieve symptoms of diseases caused by bacteria. May provoke allergic reactions in the body. Children's antibiotic Augumentin suspension is not used to treat newborns and patients under three months of age. Active components- clavuanic acid and amoxicillin.
• Zinnat - is offered in tablet form and in the form of granules (for dilution in water and preparation of a suspension). The solution is used in pediatric therapy for babies over 3 months old, tablets - for small patients who have reached the age of three.
• Amoxicillin is an antibiotic characterized by a broad spectrum of action. It is used for pneumonia and sinusitis, cystitis, otitis and pharyngitis, complicated by tonsillitis.
• Zinacef is a drug for the treatment of severe forms of disease. Available only in powder form for injections and infusions. It is administered under the strict supervision of a clinic specialist.
• Sumamed is a macrolide that can be purchased in powders (diluted in boiled water) and tablets. The antibiotic suspension is used for children six months of age, and the tablet form is used for adolescents over 12 years of age. Helps cure urethritis, pharyngitis, Lyme disease, gastrointestinal infections, etc.

Powders intended for the production of solutions (syrups) are distinguished by a mild effect on the developing organism, good absorption, and the absence of a large list of side effects.

The prescription of antibiotic suspensions to infants, as a rule, occurs in cases of severe forms of disease. This course of treatment should not be interrupted independently without instructions from a doctor.

The antibiotic contained in the syrup is administered orally (the dose is calculated taking into account the child’s weight). The pleasant taste of the drug and the fruit and berry bouquet of its inherent odors greatly facilitate the therapy process. Typically, taking the medication lasts no more than 5–7 days.

During the treatment period, you should carefully monitor the child's condition and report any changes to the pediatrician.

Standard treatment regimens are recommended for the treatment of most diseases, but the choice of agents involved is made in accordance with individual characteristics each small patient (the already mentioned age, weight, as well as the presence of allergic reactions to certain types of drugs and serious illnesses in the anamnesis).

To help with sore throat, macrolides Sumamed and Klacid (in the form of a suspension) and Zinnat syrup are used. At purulent tonsillitis Ceftriaxone injections are used.

Suspensions Flemoxin Solutab, Suprax, Fluimucil successfully fight bronchitis (the latter not only destroys pathogens, but also stimulates the activity of the respiratory tract).

Colds complicated by infections are cured by Augmentin, Macropen, Sumamed and Zinnat.

The purpose of antibiotics is to destroy and reduce activity pathogenic bacteria. Accordingly, there are bactericidal (causing the death of bacteria) and bacteriostatic (inhibiting the growth of bacteria) antibiotics. In most cases, when the causative agent of the disease is not precisely known, doctors prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. This treatment regimen applies to both adults and children.

At the beginning of a child’s illness, such treatment may be justified, but after an accurate diagnosis is established, a transition to highly targeted drugs is necessary. Otherwise, children may experience diarrhea, vomiting, allergies and thrush.

List of the most common groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics for children

• Penicillins (amoxicillin, unasin, ampicillin, oxacillin).
• Cephalsporins (cefazolin, cefamandole, cefpirazone, cefepime).
• Carbapenems (imipenem, moropenem).
• Monobactams (aztreonam).
• Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin, netilmicin).

A broad-spectrum antibiotic is prescribed according to the following principles:

• The choice of drug is determined by the expected type of bacterial infection, the severity of the disease and the age of the child.
• Instructions for the dosage of the drug are given taking into account the child’s body weight, his age and the severity of the disease.
• Newborns are given antibiotics no more than 2 times a day, older children - up to 4 times.
• The duration of the course is determined individually.

In most cases, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed to young children by a doctor. acute rhinitis, acute bronchitis, acute otitis and sinusitis. Below is a list of approved antibiotics for children.

1. Amoxicillin. Used to treat otitis, urethritis, cystitis, pneumonia, sore throat, pharyngitis, sinusitis. The suspension or syrup of the product is diluted in boiled water. Children under 2 years old are given a quarter of a teaspoon.
2. Augmentin. Indications are the same as the previous drug, but prohibited for children under 3 months. It is given relative to the baby’s weight, on average 1 teaspoon 2 times a day.
3. Zinatsef. It is used in the form of injections diluted with water for otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis, tonsillitis, cystitis, and frontal sinusitis.
4. Zinnat. Indicated for ENT diseases, diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, infections genitourinary organs. Children under 3 months are prohibited.
5. Summed Forte. Prescribed for pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis. Given once a day with water. Contraindicated for children under six months of age.
6. Suprax. It is used for ENT diseases, bronchitis, otitis, and genitourinary infections. Contraindicated for children under six months of age.
7. Flemoxin Solutab. Used to treat bacterial intestinal infections.
8. Ceftriaxone. Means for intramuscular and intravenous injections. The drug is very painful in terms of action and is prohibited for use in premature babies and children with physiological jaundice.