Neurocirculatory asthenia - symptoms and treatment of a “non-existent disease.” Symptoms and treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia

Neurocirculatory dystonia hypertensive type- one of common reasons patients visiting doctors of various profiles.

The disease is a type of vegetative-vascular dystonia, which is based on a violation of the adequate interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the visceral nervous system.

In modern medicine, this condition is considered to be not even a disease, but a set of symptoms that accompany certain pathological processes in the body.

According to the generally accepted classification, neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) is of four types:

• cardiac, where functional disorders of cardiac activity in the form of pain and arrhythmia predominate;
• hypertensive, characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure(BP) with preserved diastolic;
• hypotonic, occurring with low blood pressure (100–95/60 mm Hg);
• mixed.

• tachycardial;
• asthenoneurotic;
• cardialgic;
• myocardial dystrophic;
• respiratory;
• peripheral vascular syndrome;
• syndrome vegetative crises With panic attacks.

Based on objective assessment the patient's condition, there are three degrees of severity of NCD: mild, moderate and severe.

Causes of the disease

The reason for the development of this pathology is most often considered to be an imbalance between the processes of inhibition and excitation in the nervous system under the influence of unfavorable external conditions or due to an unhealthy lifestyle, for example:

• physical and mental fatigue;
• irrational wakefulness and sleep patterns;
• physical inactivity;
• chronic stress, traumatic situations;
• bad habits: smoking and alcohol abuse;
• unbalanced diet.

Factors such as:

• traumatic brain injuries;
• acute infectious and inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract;
• severe somatic pathologies;
• intoxication;
• neuroendocrine disorders.

It is worth noting that in the development of hypertensive type NCD, hormonal changes that accompany menopause and puberty, as well as pregnancy and lactation, often come to the fore.

The hereditary-constitutional aspect cannot be discounted. In this case, symptoms of the disease appear in patients even in early childhood, and their close relatives often have diseases of cardio-vascular system.

Taking certain medications can also cause dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system:

• amphetamines;
• bronchodilators;
• caffeine;
• Levodopa;
• ephedrine.

Symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type

Despite the fact that the signs of this disease are varied, a number of patterns can be identified in its manifestation.

From the cardiovascular system:

• cardialgia with aching, stabbing, squeezing or pressing pain radiating to the upper half of the chest;
• sinus tachycardia from 90 to 140 beats. in min.;
• increased systolic blood pressure – up to 140 mm. rt. Art., especially during physical activity or emotional stress;
• heaviness, pain and discomfort in the heart area: interruptions, tremors, feeling of emptiness or fading;
• labored breathing;
• visible pulsation of the popliteal, radial and carotid arteries.

From the nervous system:

• migraine;
• sleep disorders such as drowsiness or insomnia;
• dizziness;
• high fatigue and weakness;
• asthenia;
• memory loss;
• slower attention;
• irritability, nervousness;
• tremor of the limbs;
• dysfunction vestibular apparatus;
• low performance;
• emotional lability;
• fear of death during panic attacks.

Gastrointestinal tract:

• nausea, vomiting;
• gastralgia;
• bloating and flatulence;
• bowel disorders.

Other symptoms:

• hyperhidrosis of the palms, feet and armpits;
• appetite disorders;
• weakness in the morning and evening hours;
• cold extremities;
• facial hyperemia.

Not many people know that vegetative vascular dystonia can be cured. And although it is difficult to get rid of this disease, it is still quite possible. This topic presents the most effective techniques treatment.

Diagnostics

Along with a physical examination of the patient, if NCD of the hypertensive type is suspected, a number of additional medical tests are performed:

• ECG in a calm state and with stress tests (bicycle ergometry and treadmill test);
• Echo-CG of the heart, ultrasound of blood vessels;
• daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure;
• thermometry with keeping a diary of body temperature measurements;
• laboratory hormonal diagnostics;
• X-ray of the chest organs, etc.

Since the clinical picture of the disease often has a number of symptoms similar to the manifestations of other diseases, experts strongly recommend differential diagnosis neurocirculatory dysfunction with the following pathologies:

• neurosis;
• myocarditis;
• hypertension;
• heart defects;
• hyperthyroidism.

Most often it is necessary to distinguish NCD from essential hypertension. In this case, data from instrumental and laboratory research methods, as well as the absence of changes in the fundus vessels and left ventricular hypertrophy, help to make a correct medical conclusion.

Rule out the somatic nature of the disease and diagnose correct diagnosis The doctor will also be helped by identifying the relationship between the aggravation of the clinical picture of the disease in a psychogenic situation, along with an assessment personal qualities patient.

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type - treatment

Volume medical care and treatment regimens are determined by the patient's symptoms.

If there are foci of chronic infection, antibacterial therapy is indicated under the strict supervision of a specialist.

An important factor in the success of recovery from an illness is the normalization of psycho emotional state person.

For depression, phobias and increased anxiety Antidepressants and tranquilizers become the drugs of choice. In milder clinical cases, Corvalol or validol is prescribed, as well as sedatives based on herbs: motherwort, cyanosis or valerian.

To reduce blood pressure, depending on concomitant pathology and the presence of contraindications, they are used the following groups drugs:

• beta blockers;
• ACE inhibitors;
• diuretics;
• calcium antagonists;
• angiotensin receptor blockers.

Since the development of hypertensive type NCD in women can provoke the onset of menopause, experts recommend that they menopause take phytoestrogens, which, unlike hormonal drugs replacement therapy have a mild effect and safety.

Considering the fact that infectious diseases can be the impetus for the onset of the disease, you should support the body’s defenses by taking multivitamin complexes and immunomodulators.

Plays an important role in healing from neurocirculatory dystonia Spa treatment and various physiotherapeutic procedures:

• galvanization using the Shcherbak method;
• general cryotherapy;
• acupuncture;
• radon, pearl, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and oxygen baths;
• balneotherapy;
• massage of the collar area;
• hypo- and aeroionotherapy;
• electrosleep with a frequency of 10–25 Hz;
• electrophoresis with bromine preparations, aminophylline, papaverine, propranolol using the general or “collar” method.

Sessions with a psychotherapist are also useful, breathing exercises and auto-training.

Traditional medicine can offer alternative means in the form of infusions of soothing, hypotensive and vasodilating plant extracts: sweet clover, hawthorn flowers, lemon balm, mint, oregano and meadowsweet, as well as baths of pine needles, wormwood and valerian roots.

Prevention

• exception negative influence harmful factors environment and occupational hazards;
• normalization of sleep and wakefulness;
• eradication of bad habits;
• avoiding nervous and physical stress;
• sufficient motor activity.

The best results in getting rid of the disease can be achieved by identifying and eliminating the root cause pathological condition, however, it is often necessary to resort to symptomatic therapy.

Despite the complexity of the pathogenesis and clinical picture of hypertensive type NCD, modern medicine is armed with effective methods for diagnosing and treating the disturbed balance of the visceral nervous system. At the same time, in order to avoid relapses of the disease, the patient should be constantly in touch with the attending physician, scrupulously follow all his recommendations, and also keep his well-being under control.

If you notice symptoms of abnormalities in the functioning of the heart, digestive and excretory systems in your child, then this is a reason to consult a doctor, including a neurologist. It most often occurs in children and adolescents and can only be diagnosed by a doctor.

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Eat large group malfunctions circulatory system in the human body - neurocirculatory dystonia, this group includes NCD of the hypertensive type.

Cause: disturbance of nervous regulation and vascular tone.

It is diagnosed more often in young people. This is due to dysfunction autonomic system.

A group of disorders in which the patient complains of chronic fatigue, lethargy, suffers from insomnia and often feels irritated. Many people do not take these symptoms seriously.

With neurocirculatory dystonia, a person experiences increased systolic and diastolic pressure within normal limits.

Mechanisms of disease development.

V.I. Makolkin developed a classification. It is based on the mechanisms of the appearance of reactions of the human body to disturbances in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating work internal organs. It consists of the parasympathetic, when it is excited, the organs begin to work faster, and the sympathetic, it performs the opposite function and slows down the functioning of the organs. Thanks to them, all organs and systems in the body work harmoniously.

Disturbances in the functioning of this system are neurocirculatory dystonia, when the body works uncoordinated. For example, when a system must work intensively, inhibition occurs and vice versa. This happens because the regulation of one of the sections of the ANS predominates.

neurocirculatory dystonia occurs when the parasympathetic department predominates. The activity of their work depends on the activity of blood flow into organs. This is how control is carried out. To do this, at the right moment, the walls of blood vessels expand or contract, thus regulating the supply of blood to the organs and systems of the ANS.

Thus, a certain amount of blood circulates to the organ at a certain period of time. But when the parasympathetic system reduces vascular tone, it malfunctions. That's why it decreases systolic pressure, which is the main symptom of NCD.

The organs do not receive enough nutrients, resulting in other symptoms of the disease. Tissue hypoxia and dystrophy may occur.

Such changes in the body are recorded and automated, and neurocirculatory dystonia becomes an independent disease. A pathological reaction occurs after the action of a certain irritant, it could be stress or a change in weather conditions.

Types of NDC

Symptoms of the disease occur differently in all patients.

But the essence and reason are the same: a person’s autonomic nervous system is disrupted and neurocircular dystonia is formed.

There are several types of NDC, depending on the blood pressure indicator:

1. neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type - pressure constantly increases, changes do not depend on age-related changes;
2. neurocirculatory dystonia hypotonic type– there is constant lethargy and a feeling of weakness, with low blood pressure and pulse;
3. neurocirculatory dystonia of a mixed type - symptoms of the two previous types appear. This happens unexpectedly for the patient, and it is not clear when any symptoms will appear.

Classification

Now there are two classifications of NCD, etiological and according to the severity of symptoms.

The etiological classification was developed by S. A. Abbakumova and V. I. Makolkin, they identified the following main factors:

1. Essential – manifests itself due to hereditary predisposition.
2. Psychogenic, occurs against a background of constant stress.
3. Infectious-toxic.
4. Due to constant physical stress.
5. Features of a person's profession.

There are also three forms of the disease according to severity: mild, moderate and severe.

Causes of violations

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type occurs due to the action of many factors.

One thing can be said for sure: NCD does not occur as a result of organic disorders of the endocrine or nervous system.

The causes of the pathology are:

• constant overwork;
• lack of sleep;
• decreased human activity;
• regular physical activity and resulting overexertion;
• negative emotional background;
• severe diseases of internal organs;
• traumatic brain injuries of varying severity;
• acclimatization;
• hormonal imbalances in the body;
• acute infectious diseases.

Also, the development of the disease is influenced by hereditary factors and individual characteristics body. People whose relatives suffer from heart and vascular diseases are at risk.

Symptoms

NCD of the hypertensive type manifests itself in patients differently, the following symptoms are more common:

• weakness;
• a person feels tired even after minor exertion;
• frequent presyncope;
• changes;
• headache;
• breathe heavily;
• sleep problems;
• frequent pain in the heart area;
• meteosensitivity and weather dependence.

There is also an increase in heart rate to 100 beats per minute. The person sweats a lot and has cold palms. The whole body or individual areas can sweat.

Also with this disease, dermographism occurs, when the skin changes color after mechanical impact. Therefore, if you run something over the patient’s skin, there will be white marks that go away very slowly.

The same symptoms appear in patients with NCD of the hypotonic type, only their blood pressure and pulse are lowered.

Symptoms occur periodically, all signs do not appear at the same time, their constant alternation is observed.

Diagnosis of the disease

Since the symptoms are nonspecific, doctors need to conduct diagnostics to determine the disease. At the first appointment, it is difficult to determine the disease; diseases of the cardiovascular system are often suspected. To confirm NCD of the hypertensive type, it is necessary to conduct a number of studies.

If symptoms last more than 2 months, the patient periodically notes the manifestation of symptoms of the disease. And they are related to unpleasant situations, and when the hormonal levels are unstable, then the disease proceeds in waves, with periods of remissions, absence of symptoms, and exacerbations, does not progress rapidly.

To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to study the systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) blood pressure readings. It is measured dynamically and under light physical activity. They do an ultrasound and an ECG. More often, an ECG diagnoses arrhythmia, but an ultrasound does not show changes in the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels.

Doctors use dynamic stress ECG tests to accurately make a diagnosis.

• A physiological test involves hyperventilation, you need to actively breathe for 40 minutes, the patient breathes actively, after which an ECG is performed. The indicators are compared with the original ones. If the pulse rate increases by 50% or more, and negative T waves appear on the ECG or the amplitude increases, this indicates NCD.
• An orthostatic ECG test is recorded after changing the patient’s body position. First in a lying position, then after the patient has stood for 15 minutes. ABOUT positive result, the presence of the disease is indicated by the same changes as during the test with hyperventilation.
• Tests using drugs. To do this, a medicine is administered and ECG readings are taken after 60 minutes. The indicators are compared before and after drug administration.

With NCD of the hypertensive type, there is a lack of potassium in the body, and accordingly, the symptoms will confirm this. Listen to heart murmurs during examination.

During diagnosis, it is first necessary to exclude hypertension. If a person has hypertension in their blood vessels, they will experience pathological changes, and with VSD, everything is in order with the vessels.

Doctors collect anamnesis, carefully study the symptoms and causes of its occurrence. Circumstances that could cause the development of the disease are assessed by the individual characteristics of the person’s psyche and the state of his nervous system.

When diagnosing NCD by the hypotonic type, a number of diseases of the digestive and respiratory organs are identified. This secondary symptoms of this form. Consequently, those that will directly affect diseased organs are added to the main drugs and methods.

Treatment of the disease

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type is treated comprehensively. Doctors consider the therapeutic method to be the most effective method. With its help, you can not only improve the patient’s condition, but also prevent reappearance symptoms. Other treatment methods are also prescribed, depending on the patient’s condition and signs of the disease.

Therapeutic methods

People with this diagnosis are advised to strengthen the body by hardening, play sports, it is best to choose swimming or athletics. Group sports are not recommended due to high level traumatic, this can provoke a relapse.

How additional techniques The patient is recommended massage, therapeutic acupuncture, electrophoresis with bromine or magnesium. There is no need to self-medicate; even such procedures must be agreed upon with a doctor. They can be harmful, it all depends on the symptoms and their severity.

Medication

If the symptoms bother the patient, he is prescribed medications.

They act exclusively on the manifestation of the disease and temporarily remove it.

They do not affect the causes of these appearances.

• When a patient has psychological or emotional disturbances, he is prescribed sedatives. Symptoms of NCD that arose on this basis disappear.
• To normalize the pulse, it is recommended to take beta-blockers.
• Stabilize blood pressure with any drugs with this effect.
• To improve the nutrition of the heart muscles, it is recommended to consume B vitamins and riboxin.

Traditional methods of treatment

Such drugs, as well as medications, are used symptomatically. The main differences are that the drugs give an effect almost immediately, and when used folk remedies The permanent effect will be only after 4 months.

For treatment in this way, the patient is prescribed herbal teas. The composition of such fees depends on patient complaints.

Treatment is aimed at eliminating symptoms, so it is necessary to find out exactly what caused it. If it is an infectious disease, begin treatment immediately.

If stress needs to get rid of the reason that led to it. And if working conditions cause this condition, you may have to choose between health and work.

Neurocirculatory dystonia of mixed type is treated mainly in the same way.

In any case, you need to consult with an experienced specialist; he will help you accurately identify the causes and prescribe the correct treatment.

Prevention

To prevent the development of NCD, a person needs to follow simple rules:

1. Give up all bad habits.
2. Protect yourself from overload, psychological, emotional and physical.
3. Exercise regularly and do exercises.
4. Maintain a daily routine, alternating between work and rest.
5. Nutrition should be rational.
6. Walk on fresh air.

Medical prevention consists of promptly treating infectious diseases, stress, and regulating hormonal levels in women.

Possible complications

Complications of NDC are the occurrence of crises. They appear suddenly just as they disappear, there are the following forms:

• vagoinsular crisis. When a person has difficulty breathing, there is not enough air, asthenia appears;
• sympathetic-adrenal. Severe headaches, rapid heartbeat, and chills are noted. A person develops a fear of death, the heart works unstably;
• when mixed, symptoms of the two previous types are observed.

A significant duration of symptoms can provoke depression and other psychological disorders.

Forecast

The disease does not pose a threat to the patient’s life, so a favorable course of the disease is predicted.

If a person is constantly exposed to factors that constantly provoke the appearance of symptoms, they go away on their own.

In old age, NCD can cause a decrease in a person’s performance, and the speed of response to treatment of emerging symptoms also decreases.

The name of the disease speaks for itself: neuro (nervous) and circulatory (blood circulation). Therefore, you should not ignore the symptoms of this disorder, because the situation may gradually worsen. And the person gets worse and worse.

NCD of the hypotonic type, hypertensive and mixed are diseases associated with disruption of the ANS. Therefore, all medicinal and preventive actions are carried out according to the same principle, but the individual characteristics of the patients are taken into account.

As a rule, NCD develops during puberty, at a time when active production of hormones begins and secondary sexual characteristics are determined. This pathology can arise for various reasons, giving impetus to the development of a disorder that remains with a person for life.

What is vascular dystonia of the hypertensive type?

Neurocircular asthenia (one of the names of dystonia) is a disorder in the functioning of the autonomic system. The latter includes 2 departments: sympathetic and parasympathetic, which are responsible for accelerating the work of organs, tissues and relaxing the body. NCA of the hypertensive type occurs when the sequence of these processes in different areas of the body fails and when the body reacts inappropriately to the situation. In this hypertensive form of the disease, disorders are more characteristic sympathetic division vegetative-vascular system.

With stable functioning of the body and the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system, the tone of the vascular walls increases if any organ needs additional nutrition. When this function is impaired, the vascular walls become tense too often, which leads to an increase in blood pressure in neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type.

There are many possible reasons development of the disease, while NCD is more often diagnosed in children school age, since during the development of the organism there is often a mismatch between systems and executive organs. On the part of the cardiovascular system, this causes inadequate responses to emotional or physical stress. In addition, neurocirculatory dystonia can be provoked by parents by improper upbringing of the child, as a result of which there is a divergence in his mental and somatic development.

VSD of the hypertensive type, which is assigned code F45.3 in the ICD (International Classification of Diseases), can be stimulated by the following factors:

• stress;
• physical/mental fatigue;
• receiving traumatic brain injuries;
• insufficient rest, lack of sleep;
• transmission of diseases that cause depletion of the body;
• negative effect of environmental conditions on the body;
• strong contraction physical activity;
• genetic predisposition to NCD;
• presence of infection in the body;
• smoking.

How does autonomic dysfunction syndrome manifest?

Characterized by hypertensive vegetative-vascular dystonia an increase in systolic and a slight increase in diastolic blood pressure. Patients with this diagnosis may experience about 20-30 different symptoms, localized in different areas of the body. Depending on the severity of NCD of the hypertensive type, patient complaints indicate the manifestation of different symptoms.

Light form The disease progresses like this:

• no vegetative-vascular crises;
• during nervous shocks and stress, pain occurs in the heart area;
• the patient does not lose his ability to work;

At moderate severity autonomic dysfunction syndrome, the patient feels:

• increased heart rate even in a calm state;
• constant pain in the heart area;
• significant decrease in performance and physical activity.

Severe - occurs with the following symptoms:

• depression;
• vegetative-vascular crises;
• constant rapid pulse, difficulty breathing;
• pain in the heart (long-term) that does not stop;
• severe decrease in working capacity;
• panic attacks, cardiophobia.

Signs of NCD of the hypertensive type

The main signs, unchanged for all patients, that vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypertensive type has is an abrupt increase in systolic blood pressure to at least 140 mm Hg. Lowering blood pressure occurs without the use of drugs; for this you just need to rest and relax. At the same time, increased blood pressure with hypertensive VSD is not a justified reason for taking serious medications, since they will not help anyway. During an exacerbation of the disease, most patients experience the following symptoms:

• difficulty breathing, lack of air;
• high frequency pulse;
• noticeable pulsation of large arteries (on the neck, under the knee, on the wrist);
• sleep disturbance (drowsiness or, conversely, insomnia);
• memory impairment, decreased concentration;
• irritability, nervousness;
• headache;
• weakness, high fatigue;
• sweating;
• periodic disturbances in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus;
• tremor in the limbs.

In some cases, the doctor detects in the patient, against the background of high blood pressure, pain in the sternum, moderate or severe tachycardia with an increase in heart rate to 120 beats/min, which causes increased breathing, difficulty exhaling/inhaling. Against the background of neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type, symptoms from the digestive organs may appear, for example, abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite.

How to diagnose vegetative dystonia syndrome of the hypertensive type

Diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction involves a doctor studying the dynamics of diastolic and systolic blood pressure indicators, including those shown by a tonometer after physical activity. In addition, the specialist conducts cardiological studies - ECG and ultrasound. The first method helps to detect arrhythmia, the second provides the opportunity to assess the condition of the heart and blood vessels (with NCD there should be no visible abnormalities).

With hypertensive neurocirculatory dystonia, patients have a lack of potassium in the body, and while listening to the heart, the doctor notices murmurs. When diagnosing pathology the most important stage is to differentiate it from hypertension. The main difference between the diseases is pathological changes in the vessels, characteristic only of hypertensive disease.

Treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type

First of all, the doctor finds out what caused the disease and recommends that the patient eliminate them. For example, if stress was the stimulating factor for the occurrence of NCD, it is necessary to get rid of it by changing work or environment. Neurocirculatory asthenia of the hypertensive type, in addition, can occur as a result of infection in the body, then the doctor is engaged in its elimination. This disease requires complex therapy, which includes:

1. lifestyle changes;
2. carrying out recreational activities;
3. taking medications.

Drug therapy

Used to treat chronic disease medications. In addition to mild sedatives such as valerian or motherwort tincture, they are used to treat hypertensive neurocirculatory dystonia.

Neurocirculatory dystonia leads to the fact that the patient experiences deviations in the activity of not only blood circulation, but also other organs, and blood pressure jumps. But the disease does not cause serious changes in the heart muscle. There are reasons for this. They lie in the sources of neurocircular pathology. Doctors note manifestations of NCD in patients precisely under some kind of nervous overstrain or stress. In other situations, patients feel well.

The essence of NDC is simple, the consequences are threatening

If a person suffers feeling unwell, notices an increase in blood pressure, abnormalities in the functioning of the heart, you should immediately contact a specialist. At correct positioning diagnosis, the prognosis is favorable.

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type is curable. This is especially true for the early stages of the disease. The essence of the disease is that impaired blood circulation leads to improper functioning of the central nervous system and heart. In this case, vascular tone is disturbed, there are deviations in the activity of the central autonomic system and its peripheral part.

NCD of the hypotonic type is a whole group of diseases that results from the improper functioning of the circulatory system. A number of disorders concern blood circulation and vascular activity. Hypertensive disorder affects young people under the age of 25-30 years. For the older generation, this type of illness is not so typical. It practically never occurs in people over the age of forty.

When doctors make a diagnosis of “hypotonic type,” this indicates one of the types of vegetative-vascular dystonia, manifested by increased blood pressure, up to the diagnosis of “hypertension.”

NDC never occurs on its own. This disease is accompanied by symptoms of a number of pathologies. Among them:

• nervous system disorders;
• poor gastrointestinal function;
• tachycardia or bradycardia.

Signs of the disease develop in 80% of young people aged 15 to 18 years. Scientists have noted that the disease is more common among city residents.

Why do people get NCD?

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type manifests itself only in those people who are subject to chronic stress and are very overworked. Among the factors contributing to the manifestations of the disease:

• Alcoholism.
• Chronic stress.
• Head injuries.
• Smoking.
• Infectious processes in the nasopharynx and throat.

Scientists are also identifying the genetic nature of this disease. If the relatives of a patient who is suspected of having NCD were clearly hypertensive, suffered from heart disease and blood diseases, there is a danger of heredity of such diseases and conditions.

NCD does not manifest itself independently - this disease is a consequence of a number of ailments. The autonomic nervous system is responsible not only for regulating hormonal levels, partially brain activity, digestion, hematopoiesis, but also for the body’s adaptive abilities. If all systems work normally, there is balance, then everything will be fine. But when there are deviations in the functioning of certain organs (heart and blood vessels), normal functioning the activity of the autonomic system is interrupted and disrupted.

The center of imbalance lies in for various reasons. Doctors note that neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type is in no way associated with organic lesions endocrine or nervous system. This pathology depends on the patient’s predisposition and lifestyle, and environmental influences. Among the main reasons:

• lack of sleep;
• physical overstrain;
• emotional overload;
• diseases of internal organs;
• injuries;
• acute course of infections.

According to statistics, patients whose parents suffered from cardiovascular diseases, among which ischemia and hypertension predominate, suffer from NCD.

More typical for. The disease manifests itself during puberty. Very rarely this phenomenon is observed in newborns or people in adulthood. At risk:

• obese patients;
• people who lead an unhealthy lifestyle;
• patients suffering hereditary diseases blood circulation

Factors influencing the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypertensive type:

• intoxication;
• head injuries;
• diseases of the endocrine system.

Types of NDC

Reveal whole line varieties of this disease. Their sources depend on provocative factors and the body’s reactions to them. So, the disease is distinguished:

• according to the cardiac type. These are disturbances in the functioning of the heart. Diagnoses include bradycardia,... The patient complains of various types of pain in the heart area;
• according to the hypertensive type. There are: increased blood pressure, pain in the legs, heart;
• hypotonic type. Significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. Apart from this, the patients have no other health problems. Symptoms include: weakness, dizziness, irritability;
• NDC of mixed type. This is a rather complex variant of the disease. Present with him different types NDC with an explicit expression of any one.

Doctors see the sources of NCD for the hypertensive type mainly in heredity and poor lifestyle. Other reasons explained hormonal disorders and infections. Play a significant role allergic reactions on drugs or products, excessive mental and physical stress, abrupt change climate.

Symptoms of NCD are varied

According to doctors whose patients were patients with NCD, the most common complaints are:

• headaches;
• constant weakness;
• irritability;
• insomnia;
• tachycardia;
• pain in the chest area.

With NCD of the hypertensive type, doctors note another important feature. The skin of patients reacts with redness to various minor influences, even touching. Streaks remain that last for quite a long time.

Hypertension in NCD is pronounced. Upper blood pressure values ​​fluctuate between 140-150, which is unacceptable for healthy person. The disease manifests itself especially strongly after stress on the psyche. To help put your body in order:

• good nutrition;
• taking sedative medications.

If the patient experiences palpitations, lack of air, memory loss, sweating, periodic tremors in the body, changes in coordination, then you should urgently consult a specialist.

Is it possible to quickly diagnose the disease?

Circular syndrome is quite insidious. Recognize it on early stages very difficult. There are no specific symptoms, and those that are present are very similar to or even menopause, some mental illness. Only a specialist, including a cardiologist, can help here.

The doctor will find out and understand the source of the disease, analyze the patient’s current condition, and give an opinion on any changes in health. When diagnosing NCD it is necessary:

• Keep a constant record of blood pressure.
• Get ECG data.
• Perform an ultrasound of blood vessels and organs.
• For several days, carry out daily monitoring of not only blood pressure, but also heart function.

If hypertension occurs, then surges in blood pressure do not depend on the stress experienced, but are also observed in a calm state. At the same time, reception sedatives does not affect the pressure level. If blood pressure stabilizes after taking appropriate medications, NCD does not occur.

What you should pay attention to when carrying a child

During pregnancy, doctors quite often note hidden neurocirculatory dystonia. It is important to understand that while carrying a baby, very significant changes occur in a woman’s body. With some predisposition to NCD disease, and deviations in the normal manifestation of hormonal levels, a woman may experience severe discomfort, expressed in poor health.

The position of internal organs changes. The uterus enlarges and puts pressure on nearby structures. In this case, the vegetative system gives the reaction. It may not be able to handle the load. Therefore, pregnancy can be quite difficult, which is reflected not only in well-being and even periodic fainting. A woman reacts painfully to everything. Her psyche is at its limit. There are hysterics sharp drop blood pressure. Often a woman does not have enough air, she suffocates.

After childbirth, NCD disappears. This is due to new hormonal changes in the woman’s body and bringing into proper shape the organs that were previously constrained by the enlarged uterus.

Women never tire of noticing that when they are distracted by important matters, the symptoms of dystonia begin to leave them.

In critical moments, the main thing is not to panic

During the course of NCD, patients often experience severe overstrain, the source of which is the inability to cope with stress, conflict situations. At the same time, patients experience quite clear symptoms from the autonomic system. The condition is very similar to a crisis.

Much depends on the stage of development of NCD and the type of disease. During crises, the following symptoms are noted:

• Increased sweating.
• Weakness.
• Reduced blood pressure.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Decreased heart rate.

After the problem has passed, the condition begins to gradually improve, but the patient still experiences a feeling of weakness and dizziness for a couple of days. Insomnia may bother you. During NDC crises, the following are possible:

• heartache;
• surges in blood pressure and temperature;
• chills;
• paleness of the skin;
• Strong headache.

Patients note another unpleasant feature: during a crisis, an unbridled feeling of fear appears. It is very difficult to deal with him. This condition reaches such an extent that it requires ambulance psychotherapist.

Drug therapy for NCD

Treatment of the disease consists of getting rid of the cause, but for this it must be reliably determined. The hardest thing to deal with is constant nervous overstrain, be able to withstand stress.

Infections that have become the source of NCD are eliminated more effectively. When the cause of the disease lies in the consequences of exposure to unfavorable working conditions, in order to solve the problem, it is advisable to change jobs.

And it's not that simple. Treatment requires a radical and comprehensive approach. It is worth taking the disease and its elimination very seriously, and making every effort on the path to recovery. It is recommended to start with lifestyle changes. It is important to follow a routine, lead a healthy lifestyle, get more rest, and not overexert yourself physically and emotionally. Doctors often refer patients diagnosed with neurocirculatory dystonia to sanatorium-resort treatment. Treatments that help reduce symptoms of NCD include:

• Introspection.
• Manual therapy.
• Physiotherapy.

But the above manipulations are secondary. They are used as concomitant therapy. Most effective way therapy for patients with NCD – drug treatment. Doctors prescribe sedatives and sedatives. Among them:

• valerian;
• motherwort;
• Corvalol;
• valocordin.

It is important to remember that the patient may need more strong drugs– tranquilizers, antidepressants.

The main treatment for NCD is the use of cardiac medications and beta-blockers.

Is it possible to do without serious medications?

Not in all cases. It all depends on the form and stage of the disease. Doctors often advise starting the fight against NCD using the following methods:

• Careful analysis of irritating factors and their elimination.
• Eliminating the possibility of infections entering the body by maintaining the proper condition of the premises and the patient’s body.
• Limitation of all possible loads.
• Eliminating everyone concomitant diseases, most of which are hormonal disorders.
• Psychotherapy.

It's important to support great mood, be positive all the time, try to smile more. The patient’s relatives need to maintain a healthy psycho-emotional environment in the family and environment.

It is important for patients to follow a healthy diet. It is necessary to exclude spicy, alcohol, fried and overly salty foods.

You can't overeat. You should eat more foods rich in potassium. It is contained in:

• potatoes;
• bananas;
• prunes;
• apricots

Vitamins will also help. They should only be taken on the advice of a doctor.

Don't neglect tinctures either. Chief among them:

• valerian;
• motherwort;
• rose hip;
• hawthorn.

This is an ambulance for stress and nervous system disorders.

Physiotherapeutic methods of treating NCD and traditional medicine

With a diagnosis of NCD, patients are advised to undergo physiotherapeutic procedures. Among them:

• electrosleep;
• electrophoresis;
• reflexology;
• physiotherapy;
• galvanization;
• cryotherapy;
• balneotherapy;
• hypoxic therapy;
• magnetotherapy.

Traditional medicine has also found many methods for treating NCD. It is quite popular to drink juices: beets, garlic mixed with lemon and carrots. Natural honey will also help.

But it is important to combine such means with traditional treatment. It is advisable to constantly monitor blood pressure.

If there is an increase in blood pressure, infusions will help:

• mint;
• calendula;
• birch leaves;
• magnolias;
• mistletoe.

You can use these products in the form of alcohol tinctures.

Patients with NCD should not drink strong tea and coffee. It is allowed to take these drinks in small quantities only in morning hours. Better teas make from berries:

• blueberries;
• currants;
• rowan;
• barberry.

You can grind everything together and pour boiling water over a few tablespoons of the raw material. Let it brew and drink a teaspoon on an empty stomach in the morning.

If blood pressure is normal, tinctures of immortelle, elecampane, and rosehip will help the patient cope with the symptoms of NCD. Fresh Juice, carrots. Valerian root can be taken not only in the form pharmacy tincture, but also independently by preparing an aqueous decoction of this plant. The medicine is simple to make: grate the root, pour 150 ml of boiling water over a spoonful of raw materials, boil for 5 minutes, leave and let cool, strain, pour into a clean, dry container, and take drops.

Neurocirculatory dystonia is a disease that has various causes, which lie in genetic predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle of a person. The disease will have to be eliminated under the strict supervision of doctors. The main specialists are a psychotherapist, a psychologist, a neurologist, and a therapist. The consequences of NCD are associated with concomitant diseases. These include: hypertension, tachycardia. To carry out successful treatment, it is important to follow a diet and sleep regime, and lead a healthy lifestyle.

The diagnosis of NCD of the hypertensive type, which is characterized by a symptom such as asthenia, is in most cases made to young people. Neurocirculatory dystonia itself is not dangerous, but it can cause serious disruptions in the functioning of all body systems. It is important to identify and eliminate its signs at an early stage, so you should know characteristic symptoms and the reasons for their appearance.

What is NCD of the hypertensive type

When the autonomic system, which is responsible for regulating the activity of internal organs and innervation of the blood circulation, is dysfunctional, many systems of the body malfunction, so patients’ complaints are often varied. The general diagnosis for this clinical picture– this is vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD), one of the vascular types of which is neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type.

This condition cannot be called a disease (in the generally accepted sense); rather, it is a symptom complex expressed in functional disorders of the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. This form autonomic disorders It mainly affects young people; teenagers and primary schoolchildren suffer from this disease.

Symptoms

Diagnosis of the hypertensive type of NCD is complicated by the presence of variable symptoms. The patient's condition can be characterized by the presence of complaints from all organs and systems of the body, while many symptoms are subjective. Important have only signs that are present over a long period. The most characteristic symptoms NCD hypertensive type:

• increased blood pressure (in this case, systolic blood pressure increases, but diastolic blood pressure remains unchanged);
• headache;
• dizziness (as during a sharp decrease in blood pressure);
• tremor of the limbs;
• periodic increased heart rate;
• the appearance of heart pain (tingling, freezing);
• sleep disturbance;
• feeling constant fatigue, impotence (asthenia);
• gastrointestinal disorder.

Causes

A feature of neurocirculatory dystonia is that it is not caused by the presence of any organic damage. The cause of the development or exacerbation of the disease is often nervous disorders. Children and adolescents more often suffer from this disease due to the disproportionate development of systems that regulate processes and executive bodies. Other causes of hypertensive type NCD include:

• fatigue caused by mental or physical stress;
• stress;
• physical inactivity;
• transferred acute infectious diseases;
• heredity;
• smoking;
• unfavorable environmental conditions;
• traumatic brain lesions.

Classification

The hypertensive type of NCD is subject to classification depending on the causes and nature of the course pathological process. The table contains the main classification criteria for dystonia according to the hypertensive type:

Possible complications

Dystonia cerebral vessels of the hypertensive type, in the absence of proper treatment, can lead to a number of complications, such as:

• sympathoadrenal, vagoinsular, cerebral or mixed crises (crises are accompanied by an increase in all symptoms, fainting, asthenia);
• bouts of depression;
• apathetic state;
• suicidal tendencies;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• prolonged neuroses.

Diagnostics

Absence of pronounced specific symptoms NCD makes it difficult to diagnose the disease, so there is a need to resort to differential examination methods. This method involves excluding inappropriate diseases by collecting tests and studying the patient’s complaints. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is important to distinguish NCD from NCA of the hypertensive type, signs of dystonia from signs of cardiac cirrhosis. For this purpose they use following methods diagnostics:

• ultrasonography organs, vessels;
• hormonal analysis blood;
• electrocardiogram;
• radiography.

Treatment of NCD of the hypertensive type

Disorders autonomic regulation require complex treatment, which includes various events depending on the severity of symptoms and the patient’s condition. Primary therapy involves changing the lifestyle that led to the development of NCD. Serious sleep disorders require the use of drug treatment and taking hypotonic drugs. Traditional methods treatment in combination with traditional therapy gives quick effect.

Non-drug therapy

Neurocirculatory dystonia is not a life-threatening pathology, but it still requires treatment, since this condition worsens the quality of life and is fraught with complications. The goal of therapy is to eliminate the cause of the hypertensive type of NCD. Often, a positive effect occurs due to the normalization of wakefulness and rest, and a decrease in psycho-emotional stress.

Adding physical activity to your usual lifestyle has a positive effect on the patient’s general condition. A good result is obtained by such a method of non-drug therapy for NCD as psychotherapy, which consists of conducting auto-training and other methods of suggestion. The patient's diet should include fresh vegetables and fruits, foods containing potassium and magnesium. Restrictions apply to salt and liquid.

Drug therapy

The course of treatment for NCD is aimed at eliminating the identified objective symptoms. The primary goal of therapy for the hypertensive type of disease is to reduce high blood pressure and reduce nervous excitability. For this purpose, sedatives (tincture of hawthorn, valerian), tranquilizers (Phenazepam, Medazepam), beta-blockers (Atenolol, Timolol) are prescribed. To the most popular medical practice drugs include:

• name: Atenolol;
• Description: selective antihypertensive beta-blocker, helps reduce blood pressure, has an analgesic effect;
• pros: quick effect;
• cons: there are contraindications.

For normalization heart rate and blood circulation in case of NCD, nootropic drugs can be prescribed:

• name: Piracetam;
• description: active substance has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes brain, improves connections between the hemispheres;
• advantages: activates memory, mental abilities;
• cons: presence of side effects.

The domestically produced drug Phenazepam is used for long-term therapy of NCD:

• name: Phenazepam;
• description: high activity tranquilizer, has an anticonvulsant effect, eliminates symptoms of neuroses, normalizes sleep;
• advantages: efficiency, low cost;
• cons: many side effects.

Physiotherapy

Treatment of NCD with physical factors is an effective way to normalize the functioning of internal organs, relieve nervousness and strengthen the immune system. To treat dystonia of the hypertensive type, the following types of procedures are used:

1. Magnetotherapy. Exposure of body cells to a low-frequency magnetic field. The result of the procedure is the expansion of the lumen in the vessels, increased blood flow, and normalization of pressure.
2. Reflexology (acupuncture) and massage. Impact on reflex points leads to improved nerve conduction and normalization of blood circulation.
3. Electrophoresis. The procedure involves introducing medicinal substances into the body through the skin through electric current. This technique eliminates the harmful effects of drugs on the liver and kidneys.
4. Electrosleep. The method is based on the use of low-frequency current pulses on the central nervous system, which leads to its inhibition and transition to a state of sleep. The purpose of the procedure is to eliminate spasms and improve gas exchange processes.

Folk remedies

Symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia on initial stage can be eliminated using traditional medicine recipes. NCD in the heportinic type is characterized by high blood pressure and nervousness, so for treatment it is necessary to use medicinal herbs that have sedative and hypotensive properties (mint, magnolia, chokeberry, currant, calendula flowers, barberry). To prepare a decoction, you can combine any of the listed herbs. The prepared mixture should be poured with boiling water for 20 minutes, after which it can be consumed like regular tea.

Forecast

The course of the NCD disease is uneven and is characterized by periods of exacerbations and remissions. Neurocirculatory disorders can be constant, paroxysmal (with hypertensive crises and panic attacks) and latent (asymptomatic). The diagnosis of NCD, regardless of the type of disease, has a favorable prognosis due to the fact that neurocirculatory dystonia does not lead to serious violations heart rhythms and does not cause the development of stable heart failure.

Prevention

Complex preventive measures to prevent the development of NCD or SVD of the hypertensive type includes:

• regular physical activity;
• walks in the open air;
• adherence to sleep and wakefulness;
• giving up bad habits (it is important to protect children from passive inhalation tobacco smoke);
• performing self-hypnosis techniques to calm the nervous system.

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