Skin allergies, causes, symptoms, treatment, types of allergens. When should you sound the alarm? Allergic rashes in adults

Skin damage is one of the most likely manifestations of allergies, that is, excessive sensitivity of the body to any substances. Rash various types localized in individual areas or becomes widespread (generalized). Skin allergies can occur acutely or occur constantly (chronic form), observed in people of different age groups and always requires quality treatment.

Causes

Allergic dermatoses are skin diseases caused by immediate or delayed immune sensitivity reactions.

IN International classification diseases (ICD-10), they are coded under the designations L20-50.

Types of skin allergies are classified as:

1. Allergic dermatitis.
2. Eczema.
3. Toxicoderma.
4. Hives.
5. Atopic dermatitis.

Allergic dermatitis occurs as a result of localized contact with a provoking substance when it is intentionally or accidentally applied to the skin.

The cause of the development of pathology is most often drugs, cleaning and detergents household use, cosmetics.

Eczema is characterized by a chronic course, with a tendency to frequent relapses (exacerbations). The disease is characterized by a variety of types of skin allergies: vesicles, papules, erythema. Triggers from external environment: industrial and professional irritants, household chemicals, medications, as well as endogenous intoxication in the presence of foci of chronic infection.

Toxicoderma – acute inflammation skin when reacting to substances that enter the body by inhalation, injection or through the gastrointestinal tract (medicines, chemicals).

Urticaria is a manifestation of an allergy on the body, the rash in which is fleeting in nature - it appears quickly after contact with a trigger (pollen, insect bite, food) and can disappear without leaving any traces, even without the use of specific therapy.

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that develops in people with a hereditary predisposition to excessive production of IgE (immunoglobulins, or antibodies of a special class) as a result of interaction with antigens (foreign substances) from environment. It worsens upon contact with food, household and industrial triggers, with sudden changes in climatic conditions, as well as due to emotional stress, violations of the work and rest regime, during infectious diseases of a viral, bacterial, fungal nature.

What is an allergy rash?

Skin damage is a symptom characteristic not only of individual sensitivity, but also of other diseases. There are many types of rashes, but for allergic dermatoses the following elements are of greatest importance:

• macula (pale pink flat spot with a diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm);
• erythema (these are red or purple areas that appear as a result of the fusion of spots, the size often exceeds 2 cm);
• papule (pinkish-red nodule from 0.1 to 2 cm in diameter, visually and palpably determined above the skin level);
• vesicle (a vesicle measuring 0.1 to 0.5 cm containing serous fluid);
• bubble (diameter is from 0.3 to 0.5 cm, the cavity is filled with liquid, usually transparent);
• blister (differs from a bubble in the absence of a cavity, most often has a porcelain-white, reddish color, round shape, raised above the surface of the skin).

There may also be types of skin allergies that appear, replacing the primary rash:

• scale (rejected epidermal cells);
• erosion ( residual phenomenon after opening of the bubble or vesicle);
• hyperpigmentation (skin coloring due to the deposition of melanin and hemosiderin);
• crust (occurs as a result of drying out the contents of blisters and vesicles);
• lichenification (characterized by thickening of the epidermal layer, severe dryness, increased density skin in combination with the appearance of areas of hyperpigmentation).

An allergic rash usually appears as a combination of elements. Pimples or pustules are not typical (unless there is a secondary infection).

Symptoms

The skin is a kind of indicator of the intensity of sensitivity - it reacts to the slightest amount of irritant, applied externally or inside the body. Let us consider the main forms of diseases accompanied by local (local) or systemic (general) damage.

Allergic dermatitis and eczema

Skin manifestations in the first of these diseases are localized directly in the area, but with a severe reaction they often spread further and present as swelling and erythema without clearly defined boundaries in combination with many small bubbles (microvesicles). After the elements of the rash are destroyed, scales and crusts appear in their place - transparent with a yellowish tint.

A similar picture is characteristic of the beginning of an exacerbation of eczema. Against the background of redness and swelling, numerous microvesicles appear, after opening which erosions with serous discharge remain, forming weeping areas.

After they dry, the skin peels off and becomes crusty. A feature of eczema is the simultaneous existence of various elements of the rash. The most likely areas to be affected are the dorsum of the hands, forearms and feet. Skin allergies in children are localized mainly on the upper and lower limbs, buttocks, as well as on the chest and face.

Atopic dermatitis

According to the volume of the lesion it is divided as:

• common;
• limited localized.

The onset of the disease often occurs before the age of 2 years, and itching is constant symptom. Types of skin allergies (photo) vary depending on the stage of dermatitis:

1. Infant The face is affected first, outside surface shins. The skin turns red, swells, weeping and crusting appear. Then the changes spread to the neck and limbs. Allergic rashes on the skin can be seen in numerous photos in textbooks.
2. Children's Papulovesicular elements, areas of hyperpigmentation or, conversely, discoloration, localized on the flexor surfaces of the limbs and the back of the neck, predominate.
3. Adult Rash and itching are triggered by irritants - most often chemical nature. Areas of lichenification are also characteristic. Photos on the Internet illustrate the types of skin allergies in adults. Red spots and papules are classic symptoms of the disease.

Atopic dermatitis is characterized by a persistent course with periods of exacerbation and remission (subsidence of severe manifestations).

Toxicoderma

The rash is characterized by a large number of elements - spots, blisters, vesicles, papules, which tend to merge with each other, as well as the presence of areas of erythema. The mucous membranes of the mouth and genitals may be affected. Patients complain of severe itching.

If toxicoderma is limited (fixed), several red round spots appear against the background of skin swelling; sometimes there is a bubble in the center. In the widespread form, the rash covers a large surface of the body. The cure for skin allergies in this case is, first of all, the abolition of the provoking medication; glucocorticosteroids (Dexamethasone) are also used.

Soon after stopping the drug, the swelling disappears, and the spots transform into areas of hyperpigmentation.

One of the most dangerous forms allergic disease is Lyell's syndrome. This is a type of toxicoderma, in which there is extensive necrosis of the skin, accompanied by the formation big bubbles and areas of erosion. Provoked by taking antibacterial agents, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, salicylates, etc. The disease is characterized by:

• acute onset and rapid development;
• fever up to 40 degrees Celsius;
• damage to the face, trunk, limbs, mucous membranes.

The skin turns red, swells, and spots form with a tendency to merge. After just a few hours, thin-walled blisters appear, which, when opened, reveal bleeding and painful erosions. Even a light touch to the skin leads to detachment of the epidermis. The mucous membranes are also affected.

Hives

Skin allergies are characterized by urticarial rash, that is, the presence of itchy blisters raised above the surface of the skin. Acute form is a reaction to:

• food and drug allergens;
• cold or sun rays;
• insect bites.

Helminth infections and areas of persistent infection are often mentioned as probable causes chronic urticaria in children.

Allergic rashes are round or elongated, porcelain, pinkish or red in color, and can merge. In addition to blisters, the patient develops chills, body temperature increases, and Quincke's edema (swelling of the lips, tongue, larynx) may develop, resulting in impaired breathing.

Diagnostics

Conducted under the guidance of a physician. Different methods are used:

If the patient suffered anaphylactic shock or other severe general reaction, skin tests are contraindicated for him.

With this study there is a risk of developing systemic violations. Alternative – lab tests, which are safe for the patient’s health, since there is no direct contact with the reaction trigger.

Treatment

If the patient encounters a provoking substance, he is bothered by peeling of the skin, redness, burning, and does not stop itching; Some people experience discomfort not only because of sensitivity symptoms, but also because others are under the mistaken impression that the disease is contagious. To improve the condition, you need to:

1. Follow the principle of elimination. All allergens must be removed from the contact area. This is not always possible - but, for example, if you are sensitive to dust, regular wet cleaning will help reduce the concentration of triggers in the room.
2. Stick to a diet. You need to eat little by little, preferring food that is steamed, boiled, stewed without spicy seasonings, or baked in the oven. Citrus fruits, nuts, chips, tomatoes, peanuts, as well as other food options with a high allergic potential are excluded (you can read more about diet selection in other articles posted on the site).
3. Use medications wisely. For allergies, medications such as antihistamines (Cetrin, Zyrtec), cromones (Ketotifen), and glucocorticosteroids (Elocom, Dexamethasone) are indicated. They can be taken orally in tablets or applied to the skin (ointments, lotions, emulsions).

Sometimes you need additional funds– for example, with atopic dermatitis, moisturizing creams, emulsions, gels, oils (Mustela, Emolium) will help relieve irritation and dryness. They are suitable for inflamed skin and are intended for daily care. With regular use, the rash will go away faster and remission will last longer.

Allergic dermatoses cannot always be assumed and distinguished during the initial examination. Often, to confirm the diagnosis, a wide range of tests are required, which are used both to establish the pathology variant and to detect differences between diseases with similar clinical picture. If a rash, swelling and itching occurs, you should consult an allergist or dermatologist, who can determine the type of pathological process and select the appropriate treatment.

With allergies, skin rashes appear very often. We will tell you what this phenomenon looks like and how to treat it in this article.

Basic information

The term “allergy” refers to a hypersensitive state of the human immune system upon repeated exposure to an allergen on an organism previously sensitized by it.

If you have an allergy, the rash may appear immediately or after a few days. This condition must be treated. We will tell you how to do this below.

Reasons for development

Why does a rash appear due to allergies in children and adults? As mentioned above, the reaction in question is a personal intolerance to a particular factor. Such unpleasant symptom, like a rash, is a consequence of a specific reaction of the human immune system.

Allergy skin rashes can occur due to the following factors:

• certain medicines;
• foods such as nuts, honey, citrus fruit, dairy products, chocolate (most often an allergic rash due to food appears on the face);
• some types of fabrics (for example, synthetics or wool);
• chemicals, including household chemicals;
• cosmetics;
• animal hair;
• plant pollen;
• some types of metals;
• insect bites (a similar reaction is called insect).

It should also be noted that the photo of which is presented in this article can even occur due to exposure to cold.

Appearance

What does an allergy rash look like? Such skin manifestations are distinguished by the following features:

• the color of the spots can vary from pink to bright red;
• rashes on the skin usually do not have a clear shape (they are spots with blurry and indistinct edges);
• peeling may be observed at the site of the rash;
• most often a rash allergic origin similar to although such rashes may also have the appearance of nodules, spots, weeping blisters and blisters;
• at the site of the rash, the skin is usually very irritated, sometimes there is swelling;
• Allergies due to food usually occur on the face, in particular on the cheeks and in the area around the mouth (can also be observed on the stomach, arms, back, legs).

Where does it appear?

In case of allergies, the rash can be localized in various parts bodies. For example, irritation when contact dermatitis appears in the place where the skin came into contact with the allergen. usually occurs on the hands, and on wool or synthetics, for example, when wearing trousers made of this material, only on the lower extremities. With other types of allergies, irritation can occur anywhere.

Few people know, but with allergies, a rash does not always occur. There may not be spots or dots on the body. In some cases, this reaction manifests itself only as redness and swelling. This phenomenon is usually observed with hay fever, that is, with an allergy to pollen.

Associated allergic symptoms

An allergic rash is just one of several signs of intolerance to a particular allergen. In addition to skin irritation, this pathological condition may be accompanied by others unpleasant phenomena. Typically these include:

• suffocating cough;
• tearfulness;
• severe itching of the skin;
• redness of the visual organs;
• sneezing;
• annoying runny nose;
• photophobia.

As for an increase in body temperature, with allergies such a symptom develops extremely rarely. Most often, this symptom does not arise due to the fact of allergy itself, but as a result of the addition of an infection. For example, if a child has multiple bites on his hands and starts scratching them intensively, he will eventually become infected.

If it really has an allergic etymology, then usually the person feels quite normal. At the same time, he does not have any ailments. Allergy rashes in children can be worrying, but they are only a consequence of severe itching of the skin.

Other signs

How does an allergy to antibiotics manifest? A skin rash (this condition should be treated necessarily) when taking a particular medication is drug-induced urticaria. This reaction to a drug is called a side effect. Usually about him possible emergence warn in the instructions that come with many medications and even multivitamin complexes. If a patient is allergic to pollen and it enters his gastrointestinal tract, he may experience vomiting, nausea and severe pain in a stomach.

When should you sound the alarm?

If an allergic rash (you can find a photo of such irritation in this article) appears on the child’s body, then you should definitely measure his temperature. In this case, it is necessary to turn Special attention to see if your baby has any breathing problems. If it is difficult, you should immediately consult a doctor, as this may indicate the development of such a serious complication as Quincke's edema.

Reasons why you should see a doctor

The types of allergy rashes can vary. Such irritation can be localized in one place or cover the entire body. In any case, if you see a rash of unknown origin on the skin, you should definitely contact a specialist. What is the reason for this urgency?

• If left untreated, an allergy rash can develop into serious complication, for example, in bronchial asthma.
• Determining on your own what exactly caused the development of such irritation is quite problematic. In most cases, this requires laboratory research. In order to determine the type of allergen, the doctor must do skin tests or refer the patient for a blood test.
• Skin irritation does not always indicate development allergic rash. This phenomenon may also be a symptom of some infectious disease(for example, rubella, chickenpox, herpes zoster and others). All these diseases are contagious and require constant monitoring by a specialist.
• Skin rash may be normal dermatological disease(including ringworm, psoriasis or eczema). It is extremely important to diagnose the disease initial stage its development. Only in this case will the treatment be most effective.
• A rash that appears on the skin may be the result of an insect bite. For example, after a bite, irritation may not appear quite for a long time(from 2 weeks to 1 month). It is very difficult to determine on your own that the cause of the spots was a tick bite. In this regard, you can skip the development of such dangerous disease like borreliosis.

Even if the patient is completely sure that the rash on his skin is allergic in nature, it should only be treated by an experienced doctor. As a rule, for the treatment of this condition they use special ointments. If the case is advanced and severe, then the patient may need a whole range of medications.

How to get rid of a rash?

How long does it take for an allergy rash to go away? Such irritation goes away on its own only after contact with the allergen has been completely stopped. Typically this takes several days or even weeks. If the patient does not know why such rashes appeared on his skin, then he should consult a doctor. After the examination, the doctor will be able to draw up hypoallergenic diet or teach the patient principles that will minimize contact with the identified allergen.

Allergic rashes can also be treated through immunotherapy. To do this, the patient is given injections with a microdose of the allergen (sublingual drops can be used). To completely eliminate an allergic rash, a fairly long course of treatment may be required, as a result of which the human body produces a so-called “antidote” to the allergen.

How are allergies to antibiotics treated? Skin rashes, which should only be treated by an allergist, very often occur after taking certain medications. Paradoxically, to eliminate it they also use various medications. As a rule, they are intended for local application (for example, the drugs “Triderm”, “Pimafukort” and others). Although the doctor may prescribe them in combination with medicines for oral administration (for example, with Clemastine, Tavegil, Suprastin, Loratadine and others).

How to treat allergies in children?

Allergic rashes in children can occur for various reasons. If you observe such irritation, you should remember what kind of food your child has eaten in the last few hours. Very often, the cause of the development of allergies in a baby is washing powder that has not previously been used in the family. Another reason for this phenomenon may be the intake of certain medicines or a replacement for baby cereal.

A child prone to allergic reactions should, if possible, refrain from contact with cosmetics, creams or soaps. If irritation has already occurred, then use it to treat the baby. antihistamines. To prevent the subsequent appearance of a rash, it is necessary to protect children from the identified source of the allergen. To determine it, you need to contact an allergist.

With such a pathology, it is very important not to let the allergy take its course. If no action is taken, this reaction can become more complex and develop into asthmatic dermatitis, hay fever or bronchial asthma.

Prevention

What measures should be taken to prevent an allergic rash from developing? To do this, you must adhere to the following rules:

• Pregnant women should take antibiotics with extreme caution and also follow a specific diet.
• Nursing mothers should not overuse foods that cause allergies (for example, chocolate, chicken eggs, fish, citrus fruits).
• Children born from allergies need to be breastfed longer.
• Children suffering from food allergies should avoid eating salty and spicy foods, canned and pickled foods.
• Allergy sufferers should avoid contact with animals and dust in the house.

Nowadays skin allergy, like a runny nose, occurs in almost every inhabitant of our planet. It is expressed in an overreaction of the skin, which manifests itself against the background of contact with a certain substance to which you have high sensitivity. Moreover, for other people who do not have a predisposition to reactions of this kind, this substance does not pose any danger. Very often, a reaction in people prone to allergies can occur simultaneously to several different allergens.

According to statistics, people with abnormalities in gastrointestinal tract, with impaired metabolism, as well as children. If an allergic reaction occurs on the skin, you must contact an allergist and dermatologist, who, after identifying the type of allergen, will prescribe necessary treatment. Lack of proper skin treatment and necessary care behind it can contribute to the development of dermatitis or eczema.

Causes of skin allergies.
So, main reason The appearance of an allergy on the skin is an overreaction of the immune system of our body due to contact with an allergen. Usually the immune system stands guard and prevents the invasion of bacteria and viruses, but during an allergic reaction, the immune system reacts to a false alarm. An allergy to a substance occurs as a result of repeated contact with it. When a potential allergy sufferer comes into contact with a substance that can cause a reaction in him, his immune system begins to fight this substance with all its might, because for it it is an aggressor. As a result, an allergic reaction begins, the duration of which can reach up to one and a half months, during which white blood cells rapidly synthesize immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. After some time, due to repeated contact with this substance (allergen), immunoglobulin antibodies bind it and attach to special cells that produce substances such as histamine and prostaglandin, which cause signs of allergy (redness, inflammation, expansion blood vessels and so on.).

IN medical practice The main reasons that can provoke the development of allergies and, in the future, contribute to the occurrence of a serious disease are identified:

• Malfunctions internal organs and the functioning of systems serve as a certain impetus for the development of allergies.
• Genetic predisposition. It has been scientifically proven that the tendency to allergic reactions is inherited by children from their parents, most often on the maternal side.
• Frequent illnesses infectious nature may cause allergies in children in the future.
• Unfavorable environment, constant contact with numerous chemical agents, biological active substances, hormones contained in food, etc. The number of allergic pathologies is only increasing every year.
• “Excessively high sterility” of living conditions and the practical absence of contact with infectious agents often lead to the appearance of allergic inflammations on the skin. This point explains why there are significantly more cases of allergies among city residents than among rural residents. Allergies are also frequent illness among people occupying a high social position.

Skin allergy symptoms.
The skin reaction to an allergen, as a rule, manifests itself within two days from the moment of contact with it, but it can also have a sharp manifestation. Allergies are most often expressed in the form of severe itching, redness of the skin, rashes, small blisters, swelling and swelling, and can often be weeping.

The most common types of allergens.
In the diagnosis of allergic reactions, the main place belongs to the identification of the allergen. Each individual person has their own allergen, or even several. The main sources of allergic reactions in people predisposed to allergies are: food products(milk, nuts, fruits, berries, seafood, citrus fruits, chocolate, honey, coffee, etc.), indoor and outdoor plants (pollen), medications (especially antibiotics), cosmetics, insect bites, dust, household chemicals . IN special group identify factors of a nervous and mental nature that also provoke allergic reactions on the skin.

To distinguish symptoms allergic inflammation from signs of any other disease, today unique tests have been developed, which, in addition, identify allergens with high accuracy. Among such tests, it should be noted tests for the content of immunoglobulin antibodies in the blood and skin prick tests. The essence of such skin tests is the intradermal injection of minimal doses of solutions of the most likely allergens. At positive result test, that is, when a patient is diagnosed with an allergy, swelling is observed at the site of injection of the allergen solution.

Treatment of skin allergies.
Often, to stop the development of an allergic reaction on the skin, it is enough to simply eliminate its source (allergen). For example, this could be removing all animals from the house (giving it to friends), refusing to consume certain foods and medications, installing an air conditioner with filters in the house, etc. If the specific nature of your work forces you to come into daily contact with allergens, it may make sense to change your job. If seasonal allergies worsen (for example, during the flowering of a certain plant), it is recommended to temporarily change your area of ​​residence to one where the allergen is absent (go on vacation). People who are prone to allergic reactions are advised to remain absolutely calm and avoid nervous situations and stressful conditions, since against their background allergic reactions can be more stable and frequent.

Some allergenic substances are quite difficult to avoid (house dust or pollen), then in similar cases Experts recommend medications that relieve symptoms and prevent the development of allergic reactions. Let me remind you once again that allergy treatment, in particular prescribing special drugs, should only be handled by a doctor.

Specific immunotherapy (SIT).
This technique involves subcutaneous administration of a minimum dose of allergen to the patient with its gradual increase to the support level. That is, this method artificially provokes the body to produce antibodies that prevent the development of an allergic reaction. Immunotherapy is most often indicated in cases of allergies to insect venom, animal epidermis, house dust and plant pollen. This technique is not prescribed for food allergies, since the risk of developing anaphylactic shock is high.

Immunomodulators.
Local and general immunomodulators are used. Common ones include vitamin complexes to increase the body's defenses and strengthen the immune system. Locally acting immunomodulators are creams, gels and are recommended in situations where treatment with corticosteroids is contraindicated.

Antihistamines.
Usually a group of drugs is used, the use of which does not cause side effects: Zirtek, Tavegil, Claritin, Suprastin, Fenistil. In addition, in each individual case, the doctor develops a dosage regimen and duration of treatment. To reduce symptoms (even for a short period of time) it is recommended cold and hot shower or compresses with a cold solution of water and salt. To eliminate redness, itching and unpleasant burning sensation, use hormonal ointments with hydrocortisone (“Elidel”, “Fenistil-gel”).

Corticosteroids.
As a rule, this group of drugs is prescribed especially severe cases, in particular with the development of allergic dermatitis. Prednisone or Kenalog are usually prescribed.

Proper skin care to treat as well as prevent skin allergies.
To prevent allergic reactions, you should avoid any contact with allergens to which you are sensitive. If you do not know for sure what you are allergic to, be sure to take an allergen test and then visit a specialist doctor.

During periods of exacerbation of allergies, it is important to carefully care for your skin to prevent allergens from penetrating deep into the dermis. To do this, you should use special protective cosmetics. Which ones exactly? IN in this case A dermatologist will answer this question for you.

Correct, balanced diet is one of the main remedies in the treatment of allergies.

In conclusion, I would like to note that allergies to skin can manifest itself at absolutely any age, in any person and without special reasons. That's why prerequisite full recovery is a visit to a specialist.

The state of health can largely be judged by the skin diseases that occur in a person.

Rash, dermatitis and swelling indicate hypersensitivity to certain substances.

Such excessive susceptibility is observed not only in adults, but also in children, and even in newborns who are predisposed to allergies.

In this case, they develop allergic diseases skin conditions that need to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

Allergic urticaria - symptoms and causes

One of the most common allergic reactions is urticaria, which, according to doctors, affects up to 90 percent of people. The causes of the disease can be numerous allergens:

• Animal fur.
• Dust mite.
• Selected food products.
• Medicines.
• Plant pollen.
• Food additives and dyes.
• Contact with household chemicals.
• Household dust.

The disease is characterized by an immediate reaction to an irritant: blisters appear on the skin different sizes, which can be pink or red. The rash is accompanied by burning and itching, and single blisters merge with each other and can cause a general deterioration of the condition, indigestion, fever, and headache.

Newborns and young children are at risk of developing angioedema, which is life-threatening. The rash causes swelling of the larynx, the baby becomes restless, his face becomes bluish, and then becomes very pale. In this case, you must immediately apply for medical care and take the child to the hospital.

Symptoms of urticaria

IN mild form the symptoms of urticaria disappear on their own within a few hours, leaving no traces on the skin. However, this should be a signal indicating the presence hypersensitivity to some irritants, which requires identifying the allergen and eliminating contact with it in the future.

Allergic eczema - signs of the disease in children and adults

Another allergic skin disease that occurs at any age is eczema. She has the following symptoms:

• Initially, local redness of the skin appears.
• At the site of hyperemia, small red bubbles filled with liquid form.
• When scratched, the papules burst, and the inflamed area of ​​the body becomes covered with a crust.
• The disease is accompanied severe itching and pain.

In children, eczema is most often located on the face, and in adults - on the hands and other parts of the body. The causes of such an allergic reaction are varied: taking medications, contact with household allergens, food allergy for individual products (complementary feeding for infants). Treatment of eczema should begin as early as possible, in chronic form The disease is difficult to respond to medications.

Non-infectious (allergic) erythema and its causes

Suddenly appearing asymmetrical red spots on the skin, which are accompanied by fever and general malaise, may be a sign of allergic erythema. The cause of the disease is excessive filling of the capillaries with blood after:

• Specific physical activity.
• Massage.
• Strong emotional turmoil.
• As a result of contact with an allergen.

Rashes from scarlet fever or measles can be distinguished by the location of the affected areas of the skin: with erythema, such redness appears randomly and can be located on the mucous membranes. The disease begins acutely and often goes away on its own within 2-3 days.

Allergic dermatosis and its varieties

This disease most often occurs in adults and old age. The symptoms of the disease differ from dermatitis in several ways:

• The appearance of redness is preceded by severe dryness skin.
• IN initial stage hyperemia of a separate area is noted, which does not have clear boundaries.
• As the disease develops, plaques form, which, when scratched, turn the inflamed area into a weeping erosion.
• IN in some cases a secondary infection is added to the disease, which complicates treatment.

The cause of dermatoses is most often contact with household chemicals, cosmetics and some metals (nickel). A type of dermatosis is considered allergic dermatitis with a characteristic red rash in the form of blisters with liquid. The spots on the body are clearly limited and are located in the place where the contact with the allergen occurred.

Atopic dermatitis

This allergic disease most often affects children. younger age, although it also occurs in adults. The main culprit for the appearance of a rash is the consumption of certain foods:

• Exotic fruits.
• Honey.
• Sahara.
• Yagod.
• Seafood.

In children, dermatitis develops after the introduction of complementary foods. The rash can be caused by whole milk and full-fat cottage cheese, egg yolk, some cereals, vegetables and juices.

Atopic dermatitis on the legs of a child

Allergic skin diseases and atopic dermatitis can also occur after taking medications, contact with household chemicals, cosmetics and perfumes.

The reaction occurs within several hours after contact with the allergen or ingestion. The patient develops itching, redness and rashes in the form of small red blisters with watery contents.

If it is not possible to immediately stop the effect of the irritant, the skin becomes covered with crusts, and when they are scratched, the skin is damaged.

Allergies in the form of dermatitis can become chronic. The symptoms are not so pronounced: there is almost no itching, the skin is peeling, the rashes are located locally: in the armpits, in the face, in the bend of the limbs or on the hands.

Treatment and prevention of exacerbation of allergic skin diseases – difficult task, requiring accurate diagnosis and reception necessary medications. Therapy should be supplemented with diet and measures aimed at strengthening the immune system.

Video

Much is known various ailments skin, with different causes, symptoms, etiology of origin. Can be roughly divided into two large groups:

Types of infectious diseases:

A group of diseases caused by infectious agents. Depending on the severity of mycosis, they are divided into:

• deep in case of fungal infection of the deep layers of the skin: cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis;
• superficial with integrity damage upper layers dermis: candidiasis, keratomycosis, dermatomycosis, ringworm, trichophytosis, blastomycosis, actinomycosis, erythrasma.

The peculiarity of fungal diseases is their tendency to relapse, become chronic, and affect large areas of the skin.

Infectious

A group of pathologies caused by microbes that lead to inflammation of the skin:

• molluscum contagiosum;
• herpes;
• pyoderma;
• impetigo;
• candidiasis.

• demodicosis;
• scabies;
• pediculosis;
• psoriasis;
• pink, red lichen.

Local symptoms on the skin are severe itching, serous rashes, red nodules, watery crusts. If treatment is not started in time, eczema will gradually begin to develop with the appearance of swelling, bursting, weeping ulcers that are difficult to heal.

Ringworm

The provoking factor is fungal, viral infection. But sometimes the reason is:

• heredity;
• stress;
• low immunity.

Taking into account the type of pathogen, location, degree of infectivity and type of rash, lichen can form:

• pink with the appearance of flaky red spots on the skin, the development of an inflammatory process;
• red with a chronic recurrent course, itching, nodular rash on the body.

Pathologies of the skin glands

This group of diseases is caused by a violation fat metabolism against the background of endogenous (exogenous) factors. People begin to experience an increase in subcutaneous sebum secretion. Causes:

• hormonal imbalance;
• age-related changes (in adolescents);
• increased androgen levels (in men) in case of hypersecretion or hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands.

Common types of glandular diseases:

A clear sign of skin jelly disease is a rash (acne, red necrotic, acne). Lack of treatment at the initial stage leads to the formation of pustules that are difficult to cure.

What are the types of allergic skin diseases?

Allergic skin diseases are a broad group: eczema and dermatitis, when any (even minor) contact with irritant allergens leads to exacerbation and recurrence of signs on the skin in people.

List of diseases:

• purpura;
• toxic necrolysis;
• hives;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• dermatitis herpetiformis;
• pemphigoid;
• pemphigus;
• neurodermatitis;
• psoriasis;
• vasculitis;
• dermatomyositis;
• scleroderma;
• erythema multiforme.

Some diseases of allergic origin are not prone to exacerbation, but acquire chronic course when periods of remission begin to be combined with exacerbations.

Usually, allergies manifest themselves violently in the first days, immediately after contact with allergens, when the immune system, in response to irritants, begins to activate the production of mast cells. After 2-3 days, allergy symptoms begin to subside. This can be repeated periodically, up to 203 times a year, mainly among allergy sufferers, as predisposed people.

Signs for different dermatological pathologies may differ slightly, but the main ones and inherent in almost everyone:

• ulcers;
• growths;
• erosion;
• blisters;
• sores;
• cracks;
• hematomas;
• pigmentation.

Dermatosis

Inflammation of the skin caused by external or internal irritants. Types of dermatoses:

• pruritus;
• hives;
• neurodermatitis.

Causes:

• suffered stress;
• food intoxication of the body;
• failure of the nervous system;
• a bite of an insect;
• contacts with allergens (plants, pollen, products): nettle, strawberries, spices.

Symptoms are burning, itching, dryness, irritation, peeling of the skin.

Eczema

A complex recurrent disease with an inflammatory course in upper layers epidermis. By virtue of various reasons The following types of eczema may develop:

• atopic;
• professional;
• microbial;
• idiopathic.

• hormonal imbalance;
• mycoses;
• diseases of the stomach, liver;
• hereditary factor;
• food products that cause violent allergic reactions on the face in children.

Symptoms of eczema;

• swelling of tissues;
• erythema;
• weeping blisters, serous ulcers on the skin.

Treatment is based on antihistamines, corticosteroids, antibiotics, vitamins (in case of eczema development due to weakening of the body’s defenses), biostimulants.

Atopic dermatitis

A disease that provokes:

• mechanical impact (pressure, friction);
• chemical (burns sun rays, ultraviolet, reagents).

Signs: itching, burning, swelling, scales and dry crusts on the skin.

Hives

Independent pathology or provoked external factors– irritants: insect bite, nettle, spices, strawberries.

A rash and blisters appear on the skin. This childhood disease on food, but sometimes caused by dysfunction of internal organs during the course of concomitant bronchial asthma, autoimmune processes.

Depending on the duration, urticaria occurs:

• acute for up to 6 weeks;
• chronic with constant relapses, lasting over 6 weeks, when the cause is autointoxication of the liver, digestive tract, gallbladder, tonsils.

There are different types:

• dermographic, caused mechanical impact on the skin with the appearance of scars and blisters;
• solar with excessive sensitivity of the dermis to ultraviolet radiation, covering the body with blisters. The risk group includes fair-skinned girls and women;
• cold with the appearance after contact with cold, wind and the appearance of redness, burning, itching, swelling, blisters on the body;
• medicinal in case of abuse of certain drugs (steroids, NSAIDs, Aspirin).

The disease is dangerous due to laryngeal edema, asphyxia, and suffocation.

Diagnosis of skin diseases due to allergies

An experienced dermatologist performs diagnostics and develops treatment programs. Only a specialist can identify real reasons occurrence and type of skin disease.

Methods for recognition after the doctor listens to complaints and visually examines the skin:

• palpation diascopy with special glass pressing on the affected areas;
• bacterioscopy;
• cytology smear for fingerprint analysis;
• histology;
• layer-by-layer scraping;
• serological tests.

Standard procedures that patients must undergo to identify the causes of the disease:

• blood test for sugar, biochemistry;
• urine and stool analysis.

If an allergy is suspected, allergy tests, ultrasound, and virology are prescribed to determine immune status in patients.

Treatment methods for allergic skin diseases

Skin allergic diseases should be treated step by step, comprehensively. First of all, it is important to identify the causes and factors of development, then:

• direct measures to relieve inflammation and atrophic processes on the skin;
• prevent degeneration;
• normalize the functions of the affected areas.

Medicines are prescribed in tablets, ointments, creams, gels, and foams for washing:

The drugs are selected by the doctor taking into account individual characteristics body, degree of skin sensitivity.

It is important to suppress the process pathological processes, normalize blood flow, lymphatic drainage and metabolism in the dermal tissues.