Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in ophthalmology. New generation broad-spectrum antibiotics (list)

More than half existing diseases caused by disease-causing viruses or bacteria that enter the body and disrupt its constancy internal environment. For the treatment of such infections, various antimicrobial drugs are prescribed, which are the largest group of drugs. They cause the death of fungi, bacteria, viruses, and also inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobials unlike antibacterial ones, they prevent the development of a wider range of harmful organisms.

Types of drugs and their features

Antimicrobials have a number of common specific features and are divided into several types depending on:

• From the field of application (antiseptic, disinfectant)
• Directions of action (antifungal, antiviral)
• Method of obtaining (antibiotics, synthetic agents, natural medicines).

Before prescribing antibiotics, check the sensitivity of the microflora to medicine and identify the causative agent. It is advisable to start treatment as early as possible, until the immune system is completely destroyed, and the amount harmful bacteria in the body is not so great. Often such drugs are prescribed for various diseases skin caused by staphylococci and streptococci, as well as fever, headache, chills.

Synthetic drugs are usually prescribed in the presence of intolerance to antibiotics or the absence of a microflora response to them. They are highly active antimicrobials and are often used for infections. gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract And genitourinary system.
Natural remedies help to avoid certain diseases and are used in preventive purposes. These are infusions of herbs, berries, honey and more.

Choice of drug

When choosing a medicine for microbes, analysis data, the age of the patient, and the tolerance of the components of the drug are taken into account. During the entire course of treatment, the dynamics of symptoms of infection, as well as the appearance of undesirable consequences. These can be allergic reactions in the form of urticaria or dermatitis, as well as dysbacteriosis, renal failure, cholestasis, gastritis, colitis. Instructions for use contains the entire list side effects for each tool. The doctor prescribes the appropriate doses and route of administration of the drug, which eliminate or minimize the risk negative impact on the patient's body.
Despite the fact that each instruction for use contains information about the indications for use and the required doses of the drug, you should not self-medicate. If you choose the wrong antimicrobial agents, the number of bacteria in the body will only increase, allergic reactions and dysbacteriosis may occur.

To combat pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungi - antimicrobial and antifungals. Their action is based on the destruction of microbes or blocking their reproduction.

Further copes with the stopped infection the immune system person. It is not always possible to accurately determine the type of microorganism that caused the disease. In these cases, the drug of choice is antimicrobials broad action, able to cope with various types of infections.

According to their activity against microbial species, antibiotics are divided into:

• antibacterial;
• antiprotozoal;
• antifungal.

By breadth of coverage on funds:

• wide;
• and narrow spectrum.

According to the mechanism of action on pathogenic microorganisms:

• bactericidal, causing the death of bacteria;
• bacteriostatic - stopping their reproduction.

Most antimicrobial drugs are toxic to the patient's body, negatively affect the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and some other organs. It imposes certain rules of admission antimicrobial agents. Doses are given to kill germs as quickly as possible. It is not recommended to interrupt the course, even if the patient's condition improves.

Antibacterial medicines are effective against many types of infection. This is their main advantage - the ability to use when the causative agent of the disease is not exactly identified, or there is a polyinfection. The disadvantages of universal drugs include the fact that they can destroy useful intestinal microflora causing dysbiosis.

Whatever the breadth of coverage of an antimicrobial agent, it is not able to destroy all types of pathogens. Some are intended mainly for the treatment of respiratory diseases, others cope better with infections of the genitourinary system. Therefore, in the treatment, those means are used that are most effective in relation to certain human systems and organs.

For bronchitis and pneumonia

The characteristic signs of bronchitis and pneumonia are:

• elevated temperature;
• heaviness of breathing;
• cough.

The use of antibiotics for bronchitis has its own characteristics. IN initial stage The infection is usually caused by viruses against which antibacterial drugs are not effective. At acute bronchitis antimicrobial drugs are not usually prescribed.

When bronchitis progresses to chronic form To viral infections bacterial join. In these cases, universal antibiotics are prescribed that can destroy many types of pathogenic bacteria.

What kind of antibacterial agent for bronchitis and pneumonia will be most effective in each case, the doctor determines. The ideal option is to determine the causative agent of the disease. But do a sputum analysis on different reasons succeeds not always.

Therefore, antibacterial drugs are most often prescribed, effective against most infections that cause bronchitis and pneumonia. Usually these are drugs from the group of macrolides and penicillins.

Of the first most often:

• spiramycin;
• erythromycin;
• azithromycin;
• rovamycin.

From the penicillin group:

• amoxicillin;
• flemoklav;
• augmentin;
• arlet;
• amoxiclav.

Possible reception various drugs V different forms such as augmentin tablets and azithromycin injection.

In urology

All organs of the urinary system can be infected - kidneys, bladder, urinary tract, urethra. The most common diseases to which urinary system, - urethritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis.

When taking urological antibiotics, it is important to maintain a constant concentration of the drug in the blood. This is achieved by taking an antibiotic at a certain interval. During treatment, you can not take alcohol.

The most commonly used antibacterial drugs in urology:

• kanefron- is prescribed for glomerulonephritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis;
• nolicin- used for the prevention and treatment of gonorrhea, bacterial gastroenteritis and prostatitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis and other infections of the genitourinary system;
• palin- indicated for pyelonephritis, urethritis, pyelitis, cystitis.

Attention! Old drugs, such as 5-nok, to which bacteria have become resistant, are not only useless, but also harmful, as precious time is wasted.

Ointments

The use of antibacterial ointments is convenient and effective for local infections that have developed on the skin or mucous membranes. Absorption into the bloodstream of their active substances is minimal, so the resorptive (coming after the absorption of the drug into the blood) effect is minimized.

Unlike systemic drugs, ointments practically do not have a negative effect on the body and do not cause bacterial resistance to active substance.Besides, therapeutic effect after their single application, it lasts about 10 hours. This allows you to maintain the desired concentration of the drug in the focus of the disease with two to three applications per day, unlike most tablets, which have to be taken 3-5 times a day.

Antibacterial drugs broad action - ointments (tetracycline, erythromycin, etc.) are used for prophylactic and therapeutic purpose in the following cases.

• With various infectious diseases of the organs of vision - blepharitis, keratitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, trach, infection of the cornea of ​​​​the eyes or lacrimal canals.
• With pustular skin lesions – acne, carbuncles, boils.
• With trophic erosion.
• Bedsores and eczema.
• Burnt or frostbitten skin.
• With erysipelas.
• Bites of insects and animals.
• Acute otitis externa.
• For bacterial infections caused by eye injuries or ophthalmic surgery.

List of antimicrobials

Universal preparations are convenient in that they can be taken in initial therapy with an unspecified pathogen. They are also shown in complicated severe infections, when there is no time to wait for the results of sowing on the pathogen.

Depending on the purpose, antimicrobial agents are divided into the following groups.

Directly antibacterial agents- the most large group drugs for systemic use. According to the method of production, they are natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic. The action is to destroy bacteria or disrupt their reproduction mechanism.

Antiseptics, intended mainly for local use in focal infectious lesion skin and mucous membranes.

Antimycotics. Formulas designed to fight fungus. Available in forms for systemic and local (external) use.

Antiviral drugs are designed to destroy or block the reproduction of viruses. Presented in the form of tablets, injections and ointments.

Anti-tuberculosis facilities. Their object is the causative agent of tuberculosis - Koch's wand.

The main classification of antibiotics is the division into chemical structure defining its role in treatment. According to this factor, all antibacterial agents are divided into groups.

Penicillin. The first of the discovered groups of antibiotics, effective against many infectious diseases.

Cephalosporins. They have a bactericidal effect similar to penicillin, but have a high resistance against beta-lactamases produced by bacteria. It is used to treat infections of the URT and URT (lower and upper respiratory tract) of the urinary tract ( urinary tract) and others.

On a note! Bacteria produce beta-lactamase (β-lactamase) enzymes, which make them more resistant to certain types of antibiotics - penicillin, cephalosporins. To combat β-lactamase, beta-lactamase inhibitors are taken along with antibiotics.

Aminoglycosides. E effectively destroy aerobic and gram-negative bacteria, but are among the most toxic antibacterial agents.

Tetracyclines made or modified from natural substances. The most widely used in the form of ointments.

Fluoroquinolones have powerful bactericidal action. They are used in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system and ENT diseases.

Sulfonamides. They are used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, ENT and urinary organs, gastrointestinal tract, etc.

Most commonly prescribed drugs

The preparations are effective against most pathogenic microorganisms. Their use allows you to cope with diseases, the causative agent of which is not exactly identified, as well as with polyinfections. List of antimicrobials a wide range, most commonly prescribed by doctors, is as follows:

• azithromycin;
• amoxicillin;
• augmentin;
• cefodox;
• flemoxin solutab;
• amosin.

Attention! Antimicrobial agents often cause allergic reactions, manifested by redness, rash, itching skin. To combat them, antibiotics are prescribed at the same time antihistamines. It is necessary to carefully read the instructions for medicines in terms of contraindications and side effects, and in case of any doubt, inform the doctor.

Ideally, antibacterial chemotherapy should be directed to a specific pathogen. However, determining the etiology of infection in most hospitals on the day of admission is impossible. Therefore, most often the primary appointment generic antibiotics done empirically.

Conclusion

Antimicrobials are powerful generic medicines effective against infectious diseases various bodies and systems. In many cases, they are the drug of choice.

However, overuse of antibiotics can harm the body, lead to bacterial resistance, make treatment difficult or even impossible. bacterial infections in future. Therefore, self-treatment with antibiotics is highly undesirable, each of their use should be preceded by a consultation with a specialist.

Today, the pharmaceutical market has the widest selection of varieties - broad-spectrum antibiotics that instantly resist various gynecological ailments, colds, infections of various etiologies and bacterial pathological processes.

Today you will find out what new generation antibiotics are now, the release form, when they are prescribed. This group of pharmaceuticals is aimed at suppressing microbes, viruses and fungi in a matter of days.

Now they are releasing the same that they are able to act exclusively on a specific disease and not cause severe side effects do not affect the intestinal microflora.

What it is

Macrolides - a synonym for the name, are aimed at fighting infections in such diseases:

• Urological - with inflammation of the kidneys, from pyelonephritis, diseases of the genitourinary system, antibiotic treatment for prostatitis;
• ENT (with sinusitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis);
• In trauma with gangrenous outcome, with festering wounds and abscesses;
• ORS, acute respiratory infections, influenza, tonsillitis;
• Respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, tuberculosis;
• STD.

Antibiotics latest generation have a narrowly targeted specificity of action, destroy the pathogenic cells of the microorganism, namely those that caused the infection and inflammation.

Modern ones are involved in the fight against many diseases, even those that were considered incurable.

After the diagnosis is made, the patient is prescribed narrowly targeted antibiotics that can defeat a specific disease. Only the attending physician can prescribe the exact dose without health consequences.

At the same time, drugs are prescribed for thrush and dysbacteriosis. They are available in pharmacies and sold without a prescription. Many groups are relatively inexpensive, not inferior to third and fourth generation drugs.

Release form

• After determining the severity of the disease, complete examination and diagnosis, the doctor prescribes an antibiotic;
• The dosage of the drug is prescribed, taking into account the weight, age and severity of the disease;
• The daily rate is determined by the doctor and the course of treatment is individual, mostly no more than 10 days;
• IN severe cases administered intramuscularly.

List of the most important:

1. In tablets;
2. Injections - in ampoules;
3. Candles;
4. Suspensions for children.

Titles:

• "Sumamed (Sumamed)";
• "Unidox Solutab";
• "Tetracycline";
• "Penicillin";
• "Streptomycin";
• "Imipenem";
• "Amoxiclav";
• "Cefodox";
• "Avelox";
• "Cefixime".

Antibiotic injections are prescribed when the disease proceeds in severe form, after surgery, pathologies in gynecology, urology, bronchitis and pneumonia.

How to use

• Strictly according to the recipe;
• They act on bacterial (pneumonia) and fungal (deep mycoses), ENT infections, they are not used against viral diseases;
• Compliance with the course and regimen of taking the antibiotic, do not finish the use of drugs on your own;
• If the treatment is not effective after 5 days, the dynamics is unchanged, you need to consult a doctor to prescribe an antibiotic of a narrower focus and action;
• In parallel, a probiotic, bifidobacteria is always taken to prevent the appearance of dysbacteriosis, diarrhea and against the occurrence of candidiasis (for women);
• Read the reception hours in the instructions and follow it;
• Do not drink alcohol during treatment.

Kinds

• 3rd generation cephalosporins - Pantsef, Ceforal, Solutab, Suprax. Often used for pneumonia, after major operations to avoid complications and in urology. Assign intravenously, intramuscularly;
• Penicillin groups. Indications - tonsillitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, ENT diseases, cystitis, otitis media, bronchitis. Restrictions - intolerance to this group, allergies, anaphylactic shock, urticaria and skin rashes. It is possible for pregnant women and children from a year. Preparations: Amoxicillin, Amoxin, Flemoxin, Solutab.
• microlide group. Indications - sexually transmitted diseases, with angina, tonsillitis, otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis. The release form is tableted or in the form of suspensions, the action here is slower than that of antibiotics in injections.

It is important to know! Do not use for a long time, there is a possibility of addiction pathogens to this kind. Side effects: nausea, vomiting, dysbacteriosis.

Popular names: "Azithromycin", "Aziral", "Summamed", "Ecomed", "Hemomycin".

• Fluoroquinolone group. Indications: salmonellosis, urological diseases, Chronical bronchitis and his relapse, diarrhea, pneumonia. Powerful drugs which are prescribed in severe and extreme cases.

Side effects: nausea, fatigue, joint pain, diarrhea. Contraindications: pregnancy, lactating mothers. Parallel to accept vitamin complex and probiotics. Only a doctor prescribes. Name: Ofloxacin, Zanocin, Avelox, Cifran, Ciprofloxacin.

Pregnancy

During this exciting period, the woman's body resists heavy loads and sometimes it can fail. Then chronic diseases, weakened immunity make themselves felt.

Expectant mothers understand how taking antibiotics negatively affects the fetus, but not everyone knows that only in the first trimester and not every group of antibacterial medicines. Which one, only a doctor can prescribe expectant mother, and dosage.

Indications:

• Chronic and acute leak ailments of the genitourinary system;
• Sexual infections PP;
• Diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Admission rules:

1. Stick to them and the doctor's prescriptions;
2. Do not change the dose on your own, do not prolong the treatment;

If after antibiotic therapy it becomes worse, immediately refuse to take them and consult a doctor for advice.

Ointments

For external use, a doctor of a narrow direction prescribes - an ENT specialist, an ophthalmologist, a dermatologist, a venereologist. The cream is applied externally for the treatment of:

• Skin - balanitis, urticaria, allergic reactions, burns;
• Eye pathologies, postoperative recovery;
• Diseases of the hearing organs - acute otitis externa.

Name of well-known and effective:

• "Tetracycline";
• "Erythromycin";
• "Levomekol";
• "Oflokain";
• "Klenzit S";
• "Fusiderm";
• "Gentaxan".

Narrow diseases

Consider the most common ailments and ways to treat them. With cystitis, it is able to alleviate the disease in the first days. These include:

• "Furadonin";
• "Monural";
• "Levomitsetin";
• "Palin";
• Furagin.

Kidney inflammation

• Ofloxacin
• "Amoxicillin";
• "Penicillin";
• "Cefaclor";
• "Cephalexin";
• "Gentamicin";

Intestinal infections

• Antibiotics of the 1st generation - "Oxolinic acid", "Nalidix acid";
• The second - "Lomefloxacin", "Norfloxacin", "Ofloxacin";
• Third - "Levofloxacin", "Sparfloxacin";
• Fourth - "Moxifloxacin", "Cefepim".

Pathological processes of the upper respiratory tract

Bronchitis, with pneumonia, caused by various pathogens:

• "Erythromycin";
• "Amoxiclav";
• "Panklav";
• "Augmentin";
• "Levofloxacin";
• "Ciprofloxacin";
• "Cefuroxime";
• "Cefotaxime", "Cefoxin", "Ceftriaxone" - antibiotics for pneumonia;
• Lincomycin (Lincomycin), Clindamycin (Clindamycin), Acyclovir (Acyclovir), Ganciclovir (Ganciclovir) - pneumonia caused by CMV infection.

ENT diseases

With sinusitis - "Cefahlor", "Cefexim", "Macropen".

For angina:

• "Spiramycin";
• "Erythromycin";
• "Azithromycin";
• "Clarithromycin";
• "Dirithromycin";
• "Aziral".

STD

• "Doxycycline";
• "Ofloxacin";
• "Tavanik";
• "Biseptol";
• "Faktiv";
• Monural.
• Azithromycin;

Antiviral

For colds, flu and colds

• "Cefaclor";
• "Rulid";
• "Sumammed";
• "Avelox". Also, the drug is prescribed for prostatitis in men;
• "Clarithromycin".

Antifungal

• "Levorin";
• "Nystatin";
• "Miconazole";
• "Antraconazole";
• "Posaconazole";
• "Ravuconazole".

Ophthalmology

• Drops - "Maksakvin", "Tobrex", "Dilaterol";
• Ointments - "Oksatsin", "Vitabakt", "Kolbiotsin".

Broad spectrum antibiotics now available in every pharmacy a large number of for every pocket. There are cheap ones, but they are in no way inferior to new generation drugs.

Expensive, which are available in suspensions and are assigned to children young age, without great harm for good health.

But the main thing is not to self-medicate, only a qualified doctor can prescribe the exact dosage of the antibiotic and which one is needed to treat a particular disease.

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Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of living cells or lead to their death. May be of natural or semi-synthetic origin. They are used to treat infectious diseases caused by the growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms.

Universal

Broad spectrum antibiotics - list:

1. Penicillins.
2. Tetracyclines.
3. Erythromycin.
4. Quinolones.
5. Metronidazole.
6. Vancomycin.
7. Imipenem.
8. Aminoglycoside.
9. Levomycetin (chloramphenicol).
10. Neomycin.
11. Monomycin.
12. Rifamcin.
13. Cephalosporins.
14. Kanamycin.
15. Streptomycin.
16. Ampicillin.
17. Azithromycin.

These drugs are used in cases where it is impossible to accurately determine the causative agent of the infection. Their advantage is in a large list of microorganisms sensitive to the active substance. But there is a drawback: in addition to pathogenic bacteria, broad-spectrum antibiotics contribute to the suppression of immunity and disruption of the normal intestinal microflora.

List strong antibiotics new generation with a wide spectrum of action:

1. Cefaclor.
2. Cefamandol.
3. Unidox Solutab.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Rulid.
6. Amoxiclav.
7. Cephroxitin.
8. Lincomycin.
9. Cefoperazone.
10. Ceftazidime.
11. Cefotaxime.
12. Latamoxef.
13. Cefixime.
14. Cefpodoxime.
15. Spiramycin.
16. Rovamycin.
17. Clarithromycin.
18. Roxithromycin.
19. Klacid.
20. Sumamed.
21. Fusidin.
22. Avelox.
23. Moxifloxacin.
24. Ciprofloxacin.

Antibiotics of the new generation are notable for a deeper degree of purification active substance. Due to this, the drugs have much less toxicity compared to earlier analogues and cause less harm to the body as a whole.

Highly focused:

Bronchitis

The list of antibiotics for coughs and bronchitis usually does not differ from the list of broad-spectrum drugs. This is explained by the fact that the analysis of sputum discharge takes about seven days, and until the causative agent of the infection is accurately identified, a remedy with the maximum number of bacteria sensitive to it is needed.

In addition, recent studies show that in many cases the use of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis is not justified. The point is that the assignment similar drugs effective if the nature of the disease is bacterial. In the case when the cause of bronchitis is a virus, antibiotics will not have any positive effect.

Often used antibiotic drugs with inflammatory processes in the bronchi:

1. Ampicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Azithromycin.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Ceflocor.
6. Rovamycin.
7. Cefodox.
8. Lendatsin.
9. Ceftriaxone.
10. Macrofoam.

Angina

List of antibiotics for angina:

1. Penicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Amoxiclav.
4. Augmentin.
5. Ampiox.
6. Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
7. Oxacillin.
8. Cephradine.
9. Cephalexin.
10. Erythromycin.
11. Spiramycin.
12. Clarithromycin.
13. Azithromycin.
14. Roxithromycin.
15. Josamycin.
16. Tetracycline.
17. Doxycycline.
18. Lidaprim.
19. Biseptol.
20. Bioparox.
21. Ingalipt.
22. Grammidin.

These antibiotics are effective against sore throats caused by bacteria, most often beta-hemolytic streptococci. As for the disease, the causative agents of which are fungal microorganisms, the list is as follows:

1. Nystatin.
2. Levorin.
3. Ketoconazole.

Colds and flu (ARI, ARVI)

Antibiotics for common cold not on the list of required medicines, given the rather high toxicity of antibiotics and possible side effects. Recommended treatment with antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as restorative means. In any case, it is necessary to consult a therapist.

Sinusitis

List of antibiotics for sinusitis - in tablets and for injections:

1. Zitrolide.
2. Macrofoam.
3. Ampicillin.
4. Amoxicillin.
5. Flemoxin Solutab.
6. Augmentin.
7. Hyconcil.
8. Amoxil.
9. Gramox.
10. Cephalexin.
11. Digital.
12. Sporidex.
13. Rovamycin.
14. Ampiox.
15. Cefotaxime.
16. Vercef.
17. Cefazolin.
18. Ceftriaxone.
19. Duracef.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics of a new generation, the list of which is increasing every year, represent a group medical preparations, the purpose of which is the destruction of bacteria and viruses. by the most known antibiotic is penicillin, which was discovered by A. Fleming back in 1928. Gradually, new antibacterial agents were created on the basis of penicillin. They are currently treating diseases that were considered incurable several decades ago.

The effect of new drugs

Broad spectrum antibiotics newest generation- This medications aimed at eliminating infections and diseases that these infections caused. They allow you to speed up the treatment of the disease, alleviate the course of the disease, reduce the number deaths. Some drugs (penicillin,) block the development of external cell membrane bacteria. Other antibiotics (tetracyclines and) completely stop protein production in bacterial cells.

The list of drugs is divided according to the principle of antibacterial drugs. The annotation must necessarily indicate in which area the antibiotic is most active. Some drugs are aimed at the destruction of a specific bacterium, others are active in many cases of infection by various bacteria. If the disease develops too actively or the nature of the infection is not known, then a drug with a wide range of effects is prescribed.
IMPORTANT! Of the variety of antibiotics, it is impossible to choose the right one on your own. This should be done exclusively by the attending physician, otherwise, if you prescribe antibiotics yourself, you can cause significant harm to your health.
There are two types of bacteria that antibiotics treat:

1. Gram negative. Become the cause of diseases of the genitourinary organs, respiratory systems, intestines.
2. Gram-positive. They cause infection of wounds. Because of them, inflammatory processes occur after surgery.

Antibacterial agents are divided into 2 groups. One destroys bacteria and viruses, and the second suppresses their effect on the human body, prevents them from multiplying. Both groups of drugs act selectively and do not affect healthy cells.

List of antibiotics

There are original drugs and their copies (the so-called generics). It is better to choose originals. Although they are more expensive, they are safe and the treatment will be effective.

There is no doubt that antibiotics are good at helping to cope with such diseases that led to death even a few decades ago. This greatest discovery person. But viruses and bacteria are able to adapt to the therapy of old drugs. Therefore, new generations of medicines have to be invented.

Antibacterial agents of a new generation of a wide spectrum of activity have a smaller amount side effects They are safe, easy to use, and come in a variety of forms.
Select any one effective drug impossible, all of them will be effective in a certain situation.
The list of broad-spectrum antibiotics includes the following medicines:

• Antipseudomonal and natural penicillins;
• macrolides;
• nitrofurans;
• sulfonamides;
• tetracyclines;
• quinolones;
• fluorines;
• 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins.

This list includes funds the oldest generation and the latest very strong drugs.

Forms of release of antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics are prescribed for periodontitis, syphilis, boils, pneumonia, skin infections. They are produced in tablet form, in the form of suppositories, powders, capsules.

List of new antibiotic powders and solutions for injection

Strong and fast-acting drugs are most often administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. Due to the injection, the medicine does not enter the stomach, the effect on its mucosa is prevented and the microflora is not destroyed. So the medicine immediately begins its action. The list of new drugs for injection is extensive.

These include:

• aminopenicillins resistant to beta-lactamase, for example, Sulbactam;
• carbapenems (Imipinem-cilastatin, Ertapenem);
• cephalosporins of the third and fourth generations Cefoperazone; Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefpir;
• 3rd generation aminoglycoside antibiotics Amikacin and Netilmicin.

Tablets and capsules

These drugs are prescribed during pregnancy and in childhood. It is believed that they do not harm health, the use of the tablet form is more gentle than injections. Modern antibiotics the latest generation in capsules or tablets are produced in almost the same quantity as powders and injections. These include:

• 3rd and 4th generation fluoroquinols (Moxifloxacin, Gatifloxacin);
• macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin, Amoxicillin);
• macrolides natural origin(Sparfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Midecamycin);
• nitrofurans - (Nitrofurantoin, Ersefuril);
• 4th generation antibiotics (Posaconazole, Voriconazole, Ravuconazole).

Sometimes doctors prefer narrow antibiotics because they do not affect the integrity of the intestinal microflora and have fewer side effects.

The use of antibiotics for various diseases

For adults, there is a huge list of antibiotics. The table shows the main medicines used in the treatment of various diseases.

Disease. Names of antibiotics used

Diseases of the female urinary and reproductive system
Antibacterial agents are used in gynecology for the treatment inflammatory processes associated with the female genital area. Thrush, vaginitis are treated with Monural, Furamag. If the disease is accompanied by complications, then Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin are prescribed. To eliminate the infection urinary tract it is necessary to drink a course of Metronidazole, Nalidixic acid.

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses
With sinusitis, Cefachlor, Cefixime are prescribed. If the disease is accompanied by complications, then the doctor prescribes Azithromycin, Macropen.

Staphylococcus aureus
When the body is affected by staphylococcus, Bactroban ointment is used. It prevents the appearance of new bacteria, and those that live inside the body become weak and die.

Angina
In diseases of angina, Azitral, Spiramycin, Erythromycin are used.

Colds, flu, SARS
Assign macrolides, which are considered the safest among antibiotics. These are Erythromycin, Leukomycin, Rulid, Sumamed, Clarithromycin, Aziromycin. Cefamandol is also prescribed, which has a powerful bactericidal effect and is highly absorbable from the gastrointestinal tract.

Dental problems
Dentists prescribe antibiotics for acute inflammation and to prevent purulent processes if the patient to be surgical intervention, suffers from problems with blood vessels, diabetes in the stage of decompensation, kidney failure. Usually prescribed Ampiox, Gentamicin, Synthomycin, Doxycycline. The most commonly used in dentistry is the prolonged drug Lincomycin. It accumulates in the bones and acts for a long time, which is very good when performing complex operations.

Diseases of the urinary system
Cystitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis are treated with Kanefron, Palin, Nolicin. The same drugs are also suitable for eliminating other urological problems. With cystitis, Ionural, Norbactin, Unidox Solutab are prescribed.

For urinary tract infections, Miconazole, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole are prescribed. With pyelonephritis, an antibiotic is prescribed from among nitrofurans, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones. If the disease proceeds normally, cephalosporins are used, if the condition worsens, then they are used.

Pneumonia and bronchitis
With bronchitis, Erythromycin, Penicillin are prescribed. But other components must be added to Penicillin, since it has long been used for treatment and bacteria have adapted to it.

Usually Penicillin is used in conjunction with Augmentin, Cefuroxime. For bronchitis and pneumonia, an individual treatment regimen is drawn up, which combines different kinds drugs to kill more bacteria. Most often, bronchodilators are added.

With a complicated and prolonged course of bronchitis, Ceftriaxone plus Azithromycin is prescribed, which is sometimes replaced by Clarithromycin, Midecamycin.

eye inflammation
At eye infections apply drops Eubetal, Tobrex.

New generations of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which include Ciprofloxacin, Cefepime, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, inhibit pathogenic microflora and the next day after taking them, the person already feels the effect of the treatment. With inflammation of the lungs, these drugs quickly suppress the pathogen and its pathogenic effect.
If medicines are combined, then the ratio of bacteriostatic drug to bactericidal should be one to one.

Limitations of antibiotic therapy for children and pregnant women

Since “adult” antibiotics are often not suitable for children, scientists, after conducting a lot of research, empirically found out which antibiotics are best taken when necessary for children. As a result, it was proved that the best antibacterial agents in childhood are macrolides (Roxithromycin, Azithromycin), aminopenicillins (Clavulanate), cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone). It is not recommended to use carbapenes, fluoroquinols. These medicines provoke the development of problems with the kidneys, liver, do not allow children's bones to grow normally.

During pregnancy, the list of antibiotics approved for use is very limited. It is recommended to use Amoxiclav, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone. In the 3rd trimester, Clarithromycin, Midecamycin, Azithromycin are also added to the drugs. Of course, all appointments are made by a doctor.

Features of therapy

Antibiotics of the new generation do an excellent job with any pathogens of inflammatory processes. It is important to choose the optimal combination of drugs to increase the effectiveness of therapy. Only a doctor who takes into account the individual course of the disease, the presence or absence of progress in treatment can prescribe such a combination.

Basically, the course is 7-10 days. Treatment with antibiotics is carried out in several ways: through the mouth (orally), through the rectum (rectally), intravenously, intramuscularly, in spinal cord. Do not drink alcohol or use drugs during this time. Before use, you should read the annotation to the drugs and strictly follow the instructions for use.

The new generation of antibiotics also seriously affects health, like the old one. The latest facilities help to recover, but at the same time destroy the beneficial intestinal microflora, reduce immunity. Therefore, it is necessary to take such medicines strictly according to the doctor's recommendation according to the instructions. After a course of therapy, to protect and restore the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to take prebiotics and probiotics, immunomodulators. It is important to follow a diet with plenty of lactic acid products, vegetables and fruits. Spicy, fatty, smoked, salty dishes are excluded.

Macrolides should not be used during pregnancy, people with impaired kidney function, liver, if allergic reactions for a certain type of antibiotic. If a broad-spectrum antibiotic was chosen incorrectly or the patient does not follow the rules for its use, then headaches, nausea, rashes, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, impaired coordination, and even anaphylactic shock may occur. In this case, you need to stop taking the medicine and consult a doctor.

Therapy with antibiotics broadest action new generation helps to cure most of the ailments that are caused by pathogenic bacteria. But treatment should be taken with great responsibility, fully following the advice of a doctor. Otherwise, there is a chance of even more harm to your health.