Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) - types and forms (catarrhal, hypertrophic, ulcerative, necrotic, acute and chronic), causes of the disease, symptoms (bad breath, pain, bleeding, etc.), diagnostic methods, photos. Hypertrophic gingivitis

Papillitis is an inflammation limited to the area of ​​one or two, rarely more, gingival papillae. Often a single gingival polyp appearance resembles a neoplasm, epulid. In some cases, a relatively rapid development of papillitis is observed, in a short time reaching the size of a cherry pit or more.

The disease in children, as in adults, occurs mainly from local irritants. If there is no contact between adjacent teeth, the dental gap
filled with food debris, which, during chewing, damage the gingival papilla, are pressed into the gingival pocket, and are sources of infection and inflammation. The presence of a sharp edge of a carious tooth, which injures the gums during the act of chewing, entails the development of papillitis. Papillitis can also develop under the influence of the cauterizing effect of certain drugs, such as carbolic acid, arsenic acid and other strong acids that come into contact with the gums during dental treatment. One of the main reasons for the occurrence of papillitis is an unsatisfactory filling of the approximal cavity, overhanging the gingival papilla and constantly injuring it in cases where the approximal fillings do not restore the contact point.

Papillitis also occurs under the influence endogenous factors, in particular in case of violation endocrine system, metabolism, cardiovascular and other systems.

Symptoms. The clinical picture of papillitis is characterized by pronounced inflammatory phenomena. The gingival papilla acquires a bright red color, sometimes with a cyanotic tint, and bleeds easily while eating, when brushing teeth, etc. The disease has a chronic course, sometimes worsens and occurs in an acute or subacute form.

Histological examination reveals a picture characteristic of hypertrophic gingivitis. Sometimes the gingival papilla is covered with a narrow strip of keratinized epithelium. The epithelium is damaged in places, connections between individual cells are disrupted. There is proliferation of the basal layer of the epithelium, proliferation of fibrous connective tissue penetrating the epithelial layers, expansion blood vessels, formation of new vessels, cellular infiltration of the mucous membrane itself.

The X-ray picture indicates the presence of osteoporosis of the interdental septa. With a long course of papillitis, the phenomena of resorption of the apex of the septum, partial destruction of the compact plate at the apex, are often observed.

Diagnosis of papillitis is not difficult. It is necessary to distinguish a single developed papillitis (gingival polyp) from an epulid, as well as from a pulp polyp if the hypertrophied pulp has grown into the interdental space.

The prognosis with proper treatment, especially in cases of papillitis developing from local causes, is favorable in most cases.

Treatment of papillitis, as well as chronic hypertrophic gingivitis, consists primarily in the elimination of all local irritants, in the use of local medicinal and surgical means and funds overall impact on the body,

Papillitis is an inflammation of the gingival interdental papilla, related to the superficial inflammatory diseases periodontal disease, in a number of literary sources papillitis is considered as a localized type of gingivitis.

1. Causes of papillitis

The causes of papillitis can be traumatic, infectious or allergic factors. Less commonly, papillitis is a manifestation of endogenous pathology - in diseases of the metabolic system, endocrine pathology, cardiovascular diseases. Definition immediate cause, which led to the development of the disease, is necessary to prescribe adequate therapy for the pathology.

2. Classification of papillitis

The basics of the classification of papillitis make it possible to determine the form and nature of the course of the disease, help clarify the diagnosis and adjust the treatment plan for the disease.

According to the variants of the course, acute papillitis and chronic papillitis are distinguished.

According to the form of the disease, acute papillitis can be catarrhal or ulcerative. The forms of chronic papillitis are catarrhal, ulcerative and hypertrophic forms.

With papillitis, the inflammatory process usually involves one or two gingival interdental papillae.

3. Symptoms of papillitis

The symptoms of papillitis depend on the nature of the disease and clinical form pathology. Thus, acute papillitis is characterized by the greatest severity of local inflammatory phenomena - redness, swelling, pain and bleeding of the affected gingival interdental papilla. However, when chronic course disease, all symptoms can be smoothed out, the color of the gums changes to dark red or cyanotic, which reflects the progression of arterial and venous circulation disorders, and pain can manifest itself only during the period of exacerbation of the disease. In addition, the form of papillitis leaves a visible imprint on the clinical picture of the disease.

At ulcerative form papillitis in the area of ​​the gingival interdental papilla, an area of ​​ulceration is observed against the background of the above local signs inflammation, in the hypertrophic form, along with the picture of inflammation, there is a “proliferation” of tissue in the form of granulomas or fibromas, which requires differential diagnosis with other diseases. In some cases, to clarify the diagnosis, histological examination is necessary. Histological analysis describes the appearance characteristic of the hypertrophic form of papillitis - mucous membrane of the gums with proliferation of cells of the basal layer, against the background of proliferation of fibrous connecting base and blood filling of the capillaries, sometimes individual cells with elements of parakeratosis are detected. As a rule, the diagnostic algorithm also uses x-ray examination, which often reveals osteoporosis of the interdental septa. In the chronic course of the disease, resorption of the apex of the septum and partial destruction of the compact lamina at the apex are often detected. During probing with instruments, no abnormal pathological pockets in the gums are detected.

4. Treatment of papillitis

Before prescribing therapy for papillitis in each special case determine causal factors its occurrence. Due to diversity etiological factors papillitis, tactics dental care requires strict individualization.

Treatment of papillitis of traumatic etiology is carried out comprehensively. After carrying out antibacterial, anti-inflammatory therapy and relieving the severity of the inflammatory process, methods aimed at eliminating the traumatic factor can be used in the treatment of papillitis. Thus, in case of pathological position of the tooth, the presence of its crowding, various orthopedic methods of influence are used, including when at a young age patients (up to 30 years old) and the insignificance of the required restructuring - orthodontic treatment. For papillitis resulting from acute injury to the gingival papilla, after the severity of the inflammatory phenomena has been relieved, it is recommended to use indirect methods restorations - cast inlays or crowns for more precise restoration of contacts between teeth.

Treatment of papillitis, which forms as a result of the traumatic impact of a defective crown, begins with the removal of this crown and the appointment (in the future) of remedies drug therapy aimed at relieving inflammatory phenomena. In such cases, during repeated prosthetics, the quality of tooth processing is assessed and defects in tooth preparation for a crown are corrected.

In case of the infectious nature of the disease, which develops as a complication of the cervical caries process, treatment is carried out from the standpoint of the treatment of dental caries, with the parallel use of anti-inflammatory therapy.

Treatment of papillitis of allergic etiology inherently includes the administration of antiallergic drugs. - you can find out here.

IN in rare cases, with pronounced chronic hypertrophic papillitis in the “cold period”, local surgical options are possible, aimed at removing excess tissue growth.

The spaces of the gums that are located between the teeth are called gingival (or interdental) papillae. Their purpose is to protect periodontal structures. This part is vulnerable and very sensitive, so soft tissue is easily damaged. If symptoms of inflammation appear, you should contact your dentist.

Signs of inflammation of the interdental papilla

The first sign of inflammation is redness of the soft tissues and bleeding, which can be observed when brushing teeth and eating. At the same time, bacteria enter the wound, provoking a further process.

Gradually, the inflammation will begin to go away on its own, and the damage will heal. But the surface of the soft tissue will increase and become even more vulnerable, and then the inflammation will begin again. Therefore, self-medication is highly discouraged, otherwise it will be more difficult for the dentist to diagnose the cause and prescribe adequate treatment.

Causes of inflammation of the gingival papilla:

• poor hygiene oral cavity– it is very difficult to clean plaque and food debris from the last teeth;
• formation of tartar;
• periodontitis;
• injury from dental floss, brush, toothpick, hot or hard food;
• injuries during dental treatment;
• malocclusion;
• avitaminosis;
• decreased immunity;
• hormonal disorders;
• diabetes.

Treatment of gum inflammation

If the cause of inflammation of the gingival papilla is poor hygiene and tartar, and the inflammation is at initial stage, then the doctor will ask you to carry out. After this, the inflamed area is additionally washed and soft cloth Antiseptic gel is applied.

If the cause is deeper damage to the periodontal tissues - periodontitis, then in addition to hygienic cleaning, the doctor will perform a periodontal examination, cleaning the periodontal pocket from bacteria and nourishing the tooth root useful substances. Inflammation of the gingival papilla will stop as soon as the cause is eliminated.

The rehabilitation period is 2-3 days, during which time the gums should heal. To prevent inflammation, it is recommended to rinse your mouth after every meal. warm water, and also additionally use a single-tuft brush, which effectively removes food debris and plaque from the interdental space. To prevent inflammation in the future, it is recommended.

How to relieve symptoms at home

Let us repeat once again, there is no need to self-medicate. However, if you made an appointment with the doctor the next day, and in the evening you want to alleviate the condition, then you can rinse your mouth with an antiseptic solution, for this you can choose “Tantum Verde”, “Stomatofit” or “Chlorophyllipt”. You can also prepare a decoction of sage, chamomile or eucalyptus.

Gingivitis- inflammation of the gum mucosa. Like any inflammation, gingivitis can be considered as a protective-adaptive reaction of the entire organism to the action of a pathogenic stimulus, manifested at the site of tissue damage by changes in blood circulation, increased vascular permeability, edema, degeneration or proliferation of cells.

In accordance with the classification of periodontal diseases recommended by the XVI Plenum of the Board of the All-Union Scientific Society of Dentists, the group of gingivitis includes following forms diseases of marginal periodontium: serous (catarrhal), hypertrophic (proliferative), necrotic.

Of these forms, serous gingivitis is the most common. In the clinic orthopedic dentistry There is a type of gingivitis - papillitis - inflammation of the gingival interdental papilla.

This section examines in detail serous (catarrhal) and hypertrophic gingivitis, one of the etiological aspects of which is anomalies in the development of the dental system, medical interventions, including post-orthopedic interventions.

Clinical picture

The disease is manifested by inflammation of the gingival margin, which can vary in degree and nature. The process is localized or generalized. In some cases, the disease begins acutely, with patients noticing itching in the gums, pain when eating, and bleeding gums, especially when brushing their teeth. Bleeding gums - characteristic symptom gingivitis.

In chronic gingivitis, which begins unnoticed by the patient, complaints are inconsistent and most often boil down to periodic or increasing bleeding of the gums and itching in the gums. Often the process is asymptomatic. These subjective sensations are also characteristic of hypertrophic gingivitis, which develops on the basis serous inflammation. These symptoms are accompanied by complaints of a feeling of swelling, changes in the shape of the gums, and sometimes the appearance of spontaneous bleeding of the gums, even at night.

Acute papillitis is accompanied by sharp, sometimes paroxysmal pain, sometimes radiating to adjacent teeth. The pain is pulpitic in nature, but decreases with warm rinsing or disappears for no reason.

During an examination during an acute process, a sharp hyperemia of the gingival margin, including the gingival papilla, and swelling of these areas are determined. Due to inflammatory infiltration, the surface of the gums is smooth, stretched and becomes similar to orange peel. Swelling of the marginal margin mimics the formation of a pathological pocket, especially in the area of ​​the gingival papilla. Palpation and light touch with a probe cause bleeding.

Color inflamed area The gums are bright red, with a clear boundary between unaffected areas.

With chronic gingivitis, the phenomena of circulatory disorders and venous stagnation, which causes the affected area to appear dark red or bluish.

The presence of pathological pockets is not determined by probing.

If there are dentures in the oral cavity, the clinical picture remains general symptoms, but has some specifics, which largely depend on the quality of the prosthesis. When using fixed dentures, gingivitis in the area of ​​the supporting teeth and the body of the prosthesis is more pronounced, especially if the dentures are made poorly. In these cases, gingivitis is localized, coinciding with the location of the prosthesis. Promotes the development of gingivitis after prosthetics and insufficient hygiene care for fixed dentures. If the patient uses removable dentures - clasp or plate, poor hygienic care for them can lead to the development of gingivitis and stomatitis ( differential diagnosis see below). The phenomena of gingivitis in these cases are more severe in the areas of traumatic impact of the prosthesis.

On radiographs of acute gingivitis, the pattern bone tissue normal. With a long course of chronic serous and hypertrophic gingivitis, resorption of the endplate of the interdental septa can be established.

Lubricating the gums with Lugol's solution makes it possible to clarify the prevalence and partly the degree of the inflammatory process, since iodine preparations are well fixed by glycogen, the content of which in the gums increases as the inflammatory phenomena increase.

Depending on the location and inflammation in the gums, there are: 1) mild gingivitis - inflammation affects only part of the gingival papilla or the marginal edge; 2) gingivitis moderate severity- inflammation spreads to part of the alveolar gum; 3) severe gingivitis - the inflammatory process spreads to the entire alveolar gum.

According to prevalence, they are distinguished: 1) focal gingivitis - the gums of one or a group of teeth are affected; 2) diffuse - the gums of all teeth of one or both jaws are affected.

Etiology and pathogenesis

A large role in the occurrence of the disease belongs to the constant irritation of the gum mucosa by metabolic products (toxins) of the microbial plaque of soft dental plaque. Poor oral hygiene, especially in the presence of dentures, is considered one of the leading etiological factors.

TO local reasons These include supragingival tartar, the edge of an artificial crown (wide or long), overhanging edges of fillings, inlays, the absence of interdental contact points, malocclusion, tooth position, and abnormal tooth shape.

The absence of interdental contacts causes permanent injury to the gingival papilla and, as a consequence of the injury, an inflammatory process. Mechanical injury to the gingival margin is also possible in the absence of the anatomical equator of the tooth crown due to abnormal development or position of the tooth. Teeth crowding is usually accompanied by gingivitis. The inclination of the tooth leads to the fact that on the side opposite to the inclination (Fig. 143), the equator (clinical) moves towards the gingival margin or disappears.

Knowing the functional purpose of the equator - abduction food bolus from the gingival margin, it becomes clear why a change in the inclination of the coronal part of the tooth causes the development of gingivitis.

Rice. 143. The direction of displacement of the food bolus with a well-defined clinical equator of the tooth crown (a) and in its absence (b), leading to injury to the gingival margin.

Gingivitis also occurs when artificial crowns are poorly modeled, on which the equator and, consequently, the contact point are not recreated.

Loosely covering clinical neck artificial tooth crowns, as well as its elongated edge, compress the marginal periodontium, where inflammation develops over time. Tissue swelling that occurs during inflammation aggravates the traumatic effect of a poor-quality crown. The edge of a well-made plastic crown inserted into the gingival sulcus can cause gingivitis, since in the oral cavity, in the gingival fluid, the plastic swells and its edge increases and puts pressure on the mucous membrane. If in the first two cases acute serous gingivitis most often develops, then in the latter case- chronic.

The use of soldered crowns (Fig. 144) and bridges is a source of injury: pinching of the gingival papilla with solder tightly applied to the gingival edge of the artificial tooth.

Gingivitis can occur due to the influence of an inaccurately created edge of a removable denture. With a deep bite, the cutting edges of the incisors, and sometimes the tubercles of the fangs, injure the gingival margin. Gingivitis that develops while using a removable denture is characterized by serous or hypertrophic inflammation.

Serous inflammation varying degrees severity develops with inaccurate reproduction of the relief of the mucous membrane alveolar process based on a removable denture. This is possible in following cases: 1) when using low-plasticity impression material, which presses (squeezes) the tissues of the marginal periodontium; 2) when taking an impression of a patient who already has gingivitis; 3) as a result of distortion of the relief of the contours of the mucous membrane on the base of the prosthesis during its fitting - excessive grinding of the base along the boundaries of contact with both the mucous membrane and the hard tissues of the teeth. In the first case, a space is formed between the base and the mucous membrane, which, due to irritation and a kind of “suction” force, leads to hypertrophy of the mucous membrane. In the second case, when the edge of the prosthesis base does not rest on the hard tissues of the tooth and a gap forms between them, the latter also “sucks up” the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed - hypertrophic gingivitis develops; 4) in case of damage during the production and use of a plaster model of the relief of the mucous membrane in the area of ​​the gingival margin.

Noted frequent development localized form of gingivitis with cervical caries, wedge-shaped defect, caries under an artificial crown or its decementation. Gingivitis often accompanies diseases gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic system; They also occur during intoxication with salts of lead, bismuth, and mercury.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

The diagnosis is made based on clinical picture, the degree of nature and prevalence of the process. Sudden onset of symptoms, identification of previous ones from the anamnesis in the period immediately before visiting a doctor infectious diseases, indicate acute serous gingivitis. A history of complaints of periodic bleeding, cyanosis and congestion, especially in the gingival papillae and marginal gums, are signs of exacerbation of chronic gingivitis.

An acute onset on the 2-3rd day after fixation of a crown, bridge, or filling with localization of the process in the area of ​​the supporting teeth reveals the cause of the disease. If the process is also widespread in the area of ​​teeth that have not undergone orthopedic interventions, differentiate traumatic gingivitis from acute gingivitis of another etiology, which is independent nosological form, difficult. It cannot be ruled out that the fixation of the prosthesis coincides with the development of gingivitis. of various etiologies. It should also be remembered that fixation in the oral cavity of both non-removable and removable dentures in patients with chronic gingivitis, as a rule, leads to an exacerbation of the disease.

Difficulties often arise when deciding whether chronic gingivitis in a given patient is an independent nosological form or one of the symptoms of other diseases, in particular periodontitis, peptic ulcer, gastritis, diabetes.

Swelling of the gums in severe gingivitis can mimic a periodontal pocket. Therefore, in order to differentiate gingivitis from periodontitis, it is necessary to carry out

X-ray examination. With gingivitis, no changes in bone tissue are detected. IN severe cases If you suspect the presence of general somatic diseases, a request to the district clinic is necessary.

Establishing the diagnosis and etiological moment of the focal form of gingivitis, which developed as a result of the lack of approximal contacts, abnormal tooth position, and crowding of teeth, is not difficult. The presence of tartar indicates a chronic process.

In case of focal gingivitis and the presence of artificial crowns, it is necessary to find out and differentiate all possible causes that led to the development of the disease.

First of all, the correctness of the reconstructed anatomical shape and especially the presence and severity of the equator are established. Then, using a probe, the accuracy of the fit of the edge of the crown to the neck of the tooth, the depth of its immersion, and the presence of cervical carious cavities are determined.

With an elongated crown edge, in the elongation zone there are roller-like compactions of the gingival edge and a false gingival pocket. An attempt to reach the edge of the crown with a probe is unsuccessful and causes severe pain. A survey of the patient allows us to establish that when fitting the crown(s), pain was felt, which was repeated when the prosthesis was fixed with cement.

With a wide crown, the gingival margin is loosened, and the edge of the crown is determined with a probe. When transferring the probe from vertical position in a horizontal position and moving it towards the tooth, a distance greater than the thickness of the crown is determined (Fig. 145). If the crown is wide but not long, there is no pain during fitting. The phenomena of inflammation after fixation of crowns occur after several days or even weeks.

In the presence of cervical caries under the crown, the swollen gingival margin can be pulled away from the crown and its edge can be seen.

Advancement of the probe and its movement make it possible to determine the size of the cavity.

Treatment

Treatment of gingivitis of traumatic origin should be comprehensive. Due to the variety of reasons medical tactics requires strict individualization. In case of incorrect position of the tooth (Fig. 146, a), crowding of teeth as a result of abnormal development of the jaw, depending on age, orthodontic treatment methods are used or different kinds artificial crowns. Orthodontic methods for correcting the position of individual teeth (mild crowding of teeth) are effective up to the age of 30 years. They are indicated if the movement of teeth does not require significant restructuring of the length of the dental arches and occlusal relationships throughout the entire dentition. Simultaneously with orthodontic techniques, drug treatment gingivitis. If there is no space in the dentition for a tooth to be moved and in persons over 30 years of age, use orthopedic devices. Before production they must be carried out therapeutic treatment until all inflammatory phenomena are completely removed, otherwise the artificial crown after its fixation will become short, as tissue swelling will disappear.

When tilting teeth, rotating around an axis effective means is an artificial crown that restores not only the aesthetic norm, but also correct position tooth in the dentition. If the tooth is inclined, the preparation should be changed: more healthy tissue is removed from the inclined side so as not to expand the occlusal surface (Fig. 146, b).

For gingivitis or papillitis resulting from trauma to the gingival papilla, the use of a cast inlay or crown with precise restoration of interdental contacts is indicated. Traumatic gingivitis that develops as a result of an incorrectly made crown is treated with medication, but first of all it is necessary to remove the crown or group of crowns, which will eliminate the cause.

Before repeated prosthetics, the quality of the previously performed preparation is carefully assessed and, if necessary, appropriate adjustments are made.

The presence of a carious process in the cervical area, depending on the length of the cavity, requires a change in the tactics of complex treatment. When the cavity spreads on one or two surfaces of the tooth, the process penetrates under the gingival margin, the use of a metal tab or filling the cavity with amalgam is indicated (the use of plastics and even composites is contraindicated). In cases of hypertrophic gingivitis, preliminary excision of the gum area or its electrocoagulation is indicated. The cavity in the tooth must be closed. The manufacture of inlays and crowns begins after complete removal of inflammatory phenomena. To accurately determine the relief and immersion level of the crown edge, the use of a two-layer impression is recommended.

The development of circular caries and necrosis of hard tissues as a result of decementation of crowns serve as an indication for tooth depulpation (regardless of subjective data and indications of electroodontodiagnosis). After this, the coronal part is excised, a stump with a pin and an artificial crown are made (stump crown according to Kopeikin).

In case of persistent gingivitis that is not amenable to drug therapy, especially in cases of incorrect tooth position or the presence of cervical caries, temporary crowns are made. In these cases, it is advisable to bring the crown edge to the level of the gingival margin. After the gingivitis is cured, they switch to a permanent structure.

Traumatic gingivitis that has developed in the group of front teeth, with a deep bite, is treated by grinding the incisors, and sometimes the canines, lower jaw. In severe cases, it is permissible to depulp these teeth with subsequent grinding (shortening) of the crown part of the tooth. Grinding must be carried out in such a way as to maintain occlusal contacts on the group of anterior teeth.

Prevention

To preventive measures to prevent the development of gingivitis traumatic origin, should include: 1) timely, in childhood, treatment of abnormalities in the position of teeth and jaw development; 2) creation of contact points when filling carious cavities on the contact surfaces of the tooth. It is preferable to treat with tabs; 3) the use of cast inlays in the treatment of cervical caries, less often - composite materials (plastic fillings are contraindicated); 4) strict quality control of artificial crowns: restoration of the anatomical shape of the tooth (especially the quality of the recreated equator), the length and width of the cervical part of the crown. Only the metal frame of the crown can be inserted into the tooth sulcus; the facing material is brought to the gingival edge, without overhangs over it. In the future, refusal to use crowns made of acrylic plastic, stamped crowns, including crowns with Belkin veneering, becomes of preventive importance.

For warning repeated diseases marginal periodontium after a naturally high-quality orpedic stage of treatment important attached to oral hygiene.

To prevent the development of gingivitis when using removable dentures, taking impressions for the manufacture of dentures is permissible only after complete elimination of inflammation in the marginal periodontium. No less important preventive measure is the use of clasp dentures instead of plate ones, naturally, in accordance with medical indications. If lamellar prostheses are indicated, then precise adherence to the boundaries of the prosthesis, the degree and level of its adherence to hard tissues is also a measure to prevent gingivitis.

Orthopedic dentistry
Edited by Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor V.N. Kopeikin, Professor M.Z. Mirgazizov

Pain, bleeding and inflammation of the oral mucosa in adults can cause no less inconvenience than toothache. In addition to discomfort, such a condition without timely and proper treatment can lead to the loss of a tooth, or even several. Why does severe and persistent inflammation occur? - Possibly as a result of injuries to the teeth or mucous membranes. If gum inflammation does not go away on its own for a long time, you need to visit a dentist. When pathological changes If your gums are in bad shape, you should urgently consult a periodontist.

Why gums can become inflamed: an overview of the reasons

The doctor finds out the factors causing changes in the interdental papillae and gums and, based on the examination results, prescribes necessary treatment. Very often redness and swelling of the gums can be caused by improper care for teeth and oral cavity. Immunity plays important role in protecting the body, when its level is low, even a minor injury can become the root cause of inflammation. Many factors can trigger gum inflammation, for example:

1. trauma to teeth and gums;
2. chronic diseases of cardio-vascular system, diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal diseases;
3. the hereditary factor is directly related to the appearance inflammatory processes in organism;
4. presence of bad habits;
5. hormonal disorders;
6. Improperly organized dental and oral care can create problems;
7. Treatment of inflammation is also carried out if an unsuitable crown or poor-quality filling has been installed.

Toothpastes

1. cleanses soft plaque formed during the day;
2. help reduce inflammation and swelling;
3. help eliminate tartar;
4. have a healing effect;
5. reduce bleeding and irritation.

Such effective pastes as Forest Balsam, Paradontax, Lakalut active, President have proven themselves well. In addition to using pastes, an excellent remedy prevention can be massage of the gums with a soft toothbrush. Prevention to eliminate gum disease is no less important than timely therapy.

Antibiotics

Antibiotic therapy is used in the most serious and advanced cases. When does it occur severe inflammation- serious intoxication of the body develops. Medications not only eliminate the signs of the disease, but also contribute to the restoration of the functions of all systems. The use of antibiotics should be agreed with the attending physician, who will select the required dose of the drug and draw up a treatment plan. Medicines are available in the form of tablets, capsules, and rinsing solutions.

Rinse with pharmaceutical products

Effective mouth rinses are prescribed antiseptics, such as Miramistin and. The best pharmaceutical product for inflammation - this is Miramistin. It has a disinfecting and anti-inflammatory effect on diseased, affected gums and periodontal gingival papillae. In some cases, rinsing with a solution of hydrogen peroxide is prescribed. It must be remembered that all medications should be used only as prescribed by a doctor.

Traditional recipes for inflammation and redness of gums

Treatment at home involves the use of folk remedies that will help with gum inflammation. Gingivitis can be cured at home - prescription medications traditional medicine can relieve swelling, and when the gums itch and ache, they will have a calming effect. Natural preparations prepared in the form of decoctions for rinsing or infusions for internal use.

• Use calendula Birch buds, chamomile, celandine, sage.
• In addition to herbs for cooking medicines Beekeeping products are often used: bee bread, propolis, honey.
• When the gums become inflamed and very painful, and the periodontal papillae swell, salt treatment can help.
• Treatment of inflamed gums with salt is carried out as follows: add one teaspoon of salt to a glass of water at room temperature and mix well. Rinsing with this solution helps a lot when the gums, gingival pocket and periodontal papillae are slightly red.

Despite the fact that all products are natural, some herbs contain toxic substances in various proportions. Treatment folk remedies should be carried out under the strict supervision of a physician.

Principles of treatment for diseases of the oral cavity

Self-medication in the event of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity may not be effective. All specific prescriptions can only be carried out by a specialist who will eliminate the symptoms and help get rid of the cause of the disease. The doctor, if necessary, will prescribe an examination and lab tests. Redness, swelling of the gums and interdental peri-gingival papillae are signs of gingivitis. Prevention of inflammation of the upper and lower gums always gives good results, so do not forget about it.

Gingivitis

In cases where the mucous membrane is inflamed and pus has formed in the gum pockets, a suspicion of gingivitis arises. In case of gingivitis, soft plaque is cleaned and hard plaque is removed using ultrasound. After this, it is assigned complex treatment, aimed at reducing tissue swelling, eliminating bleeding and getting rid of pain. When gingivitis develops, the gums become inflamed and swell (only the superficial layers of tissue are affected) - the prognosis for treatment is positive, provided that the specialist’s recommendations are strictly followed.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a more serious form of the disease. For a long time pathological process gingival periodontal papillae can atrophy along with the mucosal area. Periodontitis therapy is carried out according to the following plan:

Dental manipulations

If a cyst or fistula has formed in the gum tissue, surgical intervention may be required. After anesthesia, the surgeon makes an incision, removes the affected piece of periosteum and removes pus from the resulting cavity. Then the wound is washed and temporary drainage is installed.

When restoring the dentition in the event that the gingival periodontal papillae have partially atrophied, they resort to surgical intervention. The specialist forms the gingival periodontal papillae using implants followed by a course of phonophoresis.

Wisdom tooth eruption

Sometimes inflammation develops due to the eruption of wisdom teeth. Symptoms are: severe redness and inflammation, gums hurt and ache, tissue swelling appears at the end of the dentition. Based x-ray examination The specialist makes a decision either to remove the tooth or to prescribe conservative treatment.

In case of inflammation, rinses are prescribed antiseptic solutions, and in order to eliminate pain, analgesic-based drugs are used.

How to quickly relieve inflammation?

In order to quickly eliminate soreness and inflammation of the gums, you can use a solution of salt and soda for rinsing. Excellent medicinal properties has red rowan juice. Decoctions made from herbs are good for gum inflammation. Take two tablespoons of dried raw materials per glass of boiling water, after which the broth must be allowed to brew for ten minutes. The optimal temperature of the rinsing solution is about 35-40 degrees.