How to act and what to use when treating purulent wounds. What is an infected wound and how to treat it

Purulent wounds can appear at any age in any person. If incorrect or untimely treatment this leads to the most complex complications.

Therefore, it is extremely important to know what drugs and other means to use, how to carry out the procedures correctly.

If infection is observed when the integrity of the skin is damaged, then the question of treatment purulent wounds at home it becomes acute. After all, suppuration leads to the most unpleasant consequences, up to gangrene.

Abscesses are a lumen with purulent fluid around which there is inflammatory process. The disease occurs against the background of infection of any wound (cut, scratch, puncture, etc.).

Simply put, pus is formed due to the penetration of a pathogenic microorganism into the wound.

A purulent formation can occur in any part of the body, but is most often found on the leg, arm, buttocks, abdomen, and fingers. Pus can have a thick or liquid consistency, as well as a different color.

It is the shade that allows you to determine the type of pathogen:

• whitish and yellowish color a thick structure indicates infection with the staphylococcus bacterium;
• with a liquid consistency of a brownish-yellow hue, we are talking about E. coli;
• a watery structure of yellow and green color is characterized by infection with streptococcus;
• brown, foul-smelling liquid – anaerobic microbes;
• if the shade of pus inside is yellow, but changes color when in contact with air, then it is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Symptoms of purulent wounds

1. Bursting, throbbing or pressing pain.
2. Redness of the skin around the lesion.
3. On palpation, the skin feels hot.
4. Change in skin color at the site of pathology.
5. Swelling and headache.
6. Increased body temperature, chills, weakness.
7. Loss of appetite and increased sweating.

Causes of infection

As you know, purulent wounds occur due to infection. But why then does one person immediately notice the inflammatory process, while the other does not? It turns out that there are certain factors that influence the transformation of a simple wound into a purulent form.

First of all, this is a weakened immune system and the presence of certain pathologies ( diabetes, HIV, etc.). Climatic conditions (high humidity) and extensive pollution of the area also play a huge role.

A pathogenic microorganism can be introduced into a wound through dirty hands or the use of non-sterile materials for processing.

The first question that arises is how to treat a purulent wound. Because the effectiveness and duration of subsequent therapy depends on this.

Not every person is ready to go to the clinic with such a minor problem. And it’s not always possible to see a doctor right away.

Therefore, it is necessary to know the rules of primary processing:

1. Wound disinfection and rinsing. What to wash with? Every home has hydrogen peroxide, so use this liquid. You can use Furacilin, potassium permanganate diluted in water, or a solution of Chlorhexidine.
2. Next you need to treat the area around the wound. To do this, you can take brilliant green or iodine. After this, you need to make a dressing (apply a sterile bandage).
3. Further care includes application of ointments, daily rinsing and other types of processing.
4. In particularly advanced cases, the doctor prescribes surgical intervention . For example, if the wound is lacerated, open, with the presence of foreign bodies, etc. The surgeon performs a deep cleaning, removing blood clots, fragments, dead tissue and cells. This will speed up the healing process. If necessary, the doctor excises the uneven edges and then applies sutures.

Quite often, the doctor suggests administering a special anti-tetanus serum, and for bites from unvaccinated animals, a rabies vaccine. You should not refuse the procedure, as this will prevent complications.

Basic processing algorithm purulent lesions consists of removing dead epithelium, clearing purulent fluid, accelerating regeneration processes and preventing the development and growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

For processing, you will need a sterile bandage and gauze pads, scissors washed in alcohol, sterile gloves, adhesive tape, solutions and ointments.

Initially, the area around the wound is washed and treated with hydrogen peroxide, manganese or other solutions. Next, use scissors to cut a sterile napkin to the size of the wound, apply ointment to it and apply it to the lesion. After this, bandage it. All manipulations must be done with gloves.

If you remove a bandage with accumulated pus, do it with rubber gloves. After removing the purulent napkin, be sure to change your gloves. Otherwise, you risk spreading the infection throughout your body.

Treatment methods for purulent wounds

Before treating purulent wounds, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic methods. Medical principles treatments include the following:

• cleansing of purulent fluid and dead tissues and cells;
• neutralization of swelling and other symptoms;
• destruction of bacteria.

If the pus cannot be removed naturally, drainage is performed. It can be passive or active.

In the first case, drainage from tubes, strips, turundas and napkins soaked in antiseptics is used. Active drainage involves the use of suction devices.

Since purulent wounds are classified as infectious group, the use of antibiotics is necessary. Depending on the severity of suppuration, various forms of drugs are used.

For example, with minor suppuration, local exposure is sufficient, and in more complex cases, complex treatment is prescribed. That is, the wounds are treated with antibacterial ointments and solutions, and the patient takes tablets orally. Injections are also prescribed quite often.

The most popular antibiotics for purulent wounds:

• tetracyclines;
• cephalosporins;
• penicillins.

Modern pharmacology produces a huge amount universal ointments, which have a comprehensive effect. But what ointment to use for purulent wounds in a particular case will be decided by the attending physician and directly by you.

List of the best ointments:

The most common and popular drugs:

Treatment at home: traditional medicine recipes

Modern medicine does not deny positive influence medicinal herbs and other components used in folk medicine.

After all, many drugs are made from plant extracts. That's why folk remedies are popular.

Juna is a folk healer, thanks to whom many people got rid of various pathologies. One of her recipes is Juna's unique ointment.

Although, she personally claimed that this remedy came from the people, and she only recommended it. The ointment can draw out any purulent fluid in a short time.

So, you will need 1 yolk raw egg, 1 tsp. honey and 1 tbsp. l. wheat flour. Mix all ingredients thoroughly and store in the refrigerator.

If necessary, apply the resulting mixture directly to the hearth, covering it with a piece of toilet paper or paper napkin. Be sure to apply a protective bandage.

The ointment can be changed every 3 hours throughout the day.. If you want to leave it overnight, feel free to leave it. After removal, you will find accumulations of pus that need to be removed. If there is no purulent liquid yet, then apply another layer of the mixture on top.

Almighty aloe flower

Aloe is a bactericidal plant that destroys pathogens, draws out pus and heals.

But how to use aloe correctly to achieve maximum effect? There are several ways:

1. Wash the plant leaf and cut it lengthwise. Apply to the affected area and secure. To enhance the antibacterial effect, you can drop a little iodine.
2. Peel the aloe and finely chop. Apply the paste to the wound.
3. Squeeze the juice out of the cleaned plant, soak a gauze cloth in it and apply it to the damaged area.

Aloe needs to be changed every 2-3 hours. Try to use a 3 year old plant. Be sure to treat the wound with any solution before the procedure.

Horseradish recipes

Horseradish is a powerful antibacterial plant, which is why it is used to treat purulent formations. Horseradish infusion is used as lotions, compresses and rinsing solutions.

Grind the root part, take 1 tbsp. l. and pour boiling water over it. It is advisable to insist in a thermos for 1 hour.

You can make a tincture from fresh leaves. Weigh 200 grams of the plant and twist the leaves through a meat grinder. You should end up with a paste that needs to be poured with 1 liter of boiled water (temperature slightly above room temperature).

Now place the mixture in a glass jar and close the lid tightly. You need to insist for 12 hours. Do not forget to periodically stir the ingredients during this time.

Other recipes

Try not to self-medicate, this can lead to complications.. It is better to consult your doctor, as separate groups of drugs may be prescribed for each type of bacteria. And then you can easily get rid of the purulent wound!

All people are familiar with various injuries and wounds. For some, wounds heal quite quickly. Some people have to put in a lot of effort to get well. Why does a non-healing wound occur? There may be several reasons. We will consider them further.

Causes

A wound that does not heal for a long time is a reason to seek medical help. Only there you will receive appropriate treatment. The question arises, what time of wound healing is considered normal? Normal healing occurs within no more than three weeks. If complications arise or there are deviations, this process may drag on for one and a half months. Reasons why the wound long time does not heal, they are divided into external and internal, as well as their combination.

Internal factors: chronic diseases endocrine system, such as diabetes mellitus, exhaustion of the body, vitamin deficiency, excess weight, circulatory disorders, varicose veins, infectious diseases, oncological diseases. All these diseases lead to decreased immunity. How - wounds do not heal.

Getting infected

If a person is injured with a sharp object, infection may occur directly from the injury. Although this can happen in other ways. For example, infection getting into a wound during dressing. If the wound is not treated promptly disinfectants, the spread of infection is possible. Then you will need long-term treatment.

Symptoms: body temperature rises, swelling appears in the affected area, the skin becomes red and hot, and suppuration appears. Infection causes the wound site to for a long time doesn't heal. Treatment will require antibiotics. You will also need special processing, removal of suppuration and suturing if necessary. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe blood transfusions and vitamin therapy.

Treatment of non-healing wounds in diabetes mellitus

With this disease, any minor cut becomes a real challenge. High content blood sugar has a detrimental effect on blood vessels, destroying them. Blood supply is impaired, especially in the lower legs. In addition, sensitivity is reduced nerve endings. As a result, a person does not feel that he was injured because of this. An ordinary callus, a small cut not treated in a timely manner, can become a non-healing wound, and later turn into an ulcer.

You should be extremely careful and try to avoid injuries or cuts, and carefully check the condition of your legs. At the slightest violation skin, you should consult a doctor. Wound suppuration in diabetes mellitus often leads to amputation of the affected parts of the limbs.

Rapid healing is promoted by: timely treatment with antiseptics, prescription of ointments with antibiotics, proper nutrition, foods rich in vitamins B and C, additional vitamins, proper care for the affected area of ​​the body, treatment, dressing.

ethnoscience

When treating a non-healing wound on the leg, you can combine drug therapy and traditional methods. This combination will speed up healing.

Fresh cucumber juice has an antimicrobial effect. They need to lubricate the wounds and apply compresses for several hours.

Celandine leaves have a healing effect. Both fresh leaves can be used for treatment, and the leaves should be steamed before use. Bandages are made with celandine leaves, applying them to the wound.

A mixture of burdock and celandine roots, boiled in sunflower oil, will also help. How to make it? Now we'll tell you. This will require 100 ml sunflower oil, crushed burdock roots 30 g., celandine roots 20 g. Cook over low heat for 15 minutes. Then cool and strain. Apply the resulting mixture to the affected area two to three times a day for a week.

Diabetic wounds

If a person has diabetes, non-healing wounds how to treat? Now we'll tell you. When treating a non-healing wound in diabetes, you need to remember how to properly treat the affected area and bandage it:

You should follow your doctor’s instructions and consult if you want to use prescriptions. traditional medicine. Self-medication and the wrong choice of medications can significantly worsen the condition of the wound and slow down healing.

Ointments

Effective ointments for non-healing wounds:

1. "Solcoseryl". Used for dry wounds. Accelerates tissue regeneration, promotes effective healing. 2. "Actovegin". To heal deep wounds, a gel is released, and after the wound has begun to heal, an ointment is applied. Analogue of "Solcoseryl". 3. "Levomekol". Antibiotic drug. It is used to treat purulent wounds, burns, bedsores, and trophic ulcers.

4. "Baneotsin". A drug containing antibiotics that protect the skin from infection. Available in ointment and powder form.

Non-healing weeping wounds

A weeping wound is accompanied by the release of ichor in large quantities. This happens if a person is injured due to a burn (electrical, chemical, solar), there is bacterial or fungal infections, the skin is torn off, there are diaper rashes, abrasions and calluses.

In order to avoid infection in such a wound, an antiseptic bandage is needed. If the affected area has foreign objects, damaged skin extends more than one centimeter, observed heavy bleeding, then you should urgently go to the emergency room. If all this is missing, you can treat the wound and apply a bandage yourself.

Do not use iodine or brilliant green to wash an open, weeping wound. These products will burn the tissue and the fluid will not drain. And this can cause inflammation and suppuration. It is better to use hydrogen peroxide. It can be treated with a solution of Chlorhexidine, Unisept, Decasan or Miramistin. For subsequent cleansing and treatment of the wound, you can use a solution of furatsilin or isotonic solution (boiled water With table salt, 5 grams per glass of water). These products can be used to remove dried bandages and to treat the surface of the affected area.

Weeping wounds. Treatment

How to treat non-healing wounds that get wet? Until a crust has formed on the affected area, you should avoid ointments. For treatment, use solutions or powders with a drying effect. In this case, a saline solution works simply and effectively. How to cook it? Dilute salt in water in a ratio of 1x10.

To speed up tissue regeneration and eliminate infection, you should use antibiotic powder. For this purpose it is prescribed the following means: “Streptocide”, “Penicillin”, “Levomycetin”.

Combined-action drugs aimed at suppressing bacteria and fungi, such as Baneocin, are also used. A thin layer of powder is applied to the treated surface of the wound using a cotton swab. Then it is covered with a sterile gauze pad and bandaged. After 4-5 hours, the bandage should be moistened saline solution. Afterwards it is worth replacing it. If the wound is healing, there is no pus or there is very little of it, you can not rinse with saline solution, but limit yourself to only treating the affected area.

If they don't pass painful sensations, the edges of the wound darken, the inflammation spreads to nearby areas of the skin, you need to urgently visit a doctor. In this case, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics and antibacterial drugs to avoid infection, sepsis. In addition, vitamins are necessary to maintain the body’s resistant functions.

Conclusion

Correct and timely treatment will give positive result within one to two weeks. In some severe cases Therapy will be required for a month using physiotherapy: heating, quartz treatment, laser treatment, massage. Wounds that take a long time to heal lead to damage to adjacent areas of the skin and the formation of keloid scars, which can remain forever. You need to be attentive to your health.

Damage to the skin of the extremities often leads to the formation of an inflammatory process. Various cuts, wounds on the arms and legs can be easily treated at home. But if an infection gets into the damaged area, there is a risk of an abscess. Purulent wounds must be taken seriously and seek medical help in time to eliminate similar phenomenon and avoid negative consequences.

Types of wounds on the legs

Injury to the skin on the leg occurs due to the influence of various factors (mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical). For effective treatment the injured limb needs to know what caused the wound formation. To the most common types open wounds

• problems that people encounter include:
• Surgical - appear after surgery.
• Accidental - are divided depending on the degree of damage to the soft tissues of the leg. When cut with a sharp object, a cut wound is formed, and when the wound is deep and affects the internal organs, a puncture wound is formed. Torn - usually appear after a fall, accompanied by severe pain
• and bleeding. Such wounds have an irrational shape.
• Bruised - formed as a result of bruises or blows with a blunt object.
• Chopped - occur due to the impact of chopping agents (a blow with an axe). Crushed - are a consequence strong blow
• when not only the skin is damaged, but also the tissues underneath it.

Scalped or patchy - formed after exposure to sharp objects. These wounds require surgery due to extensive skin peeling.

Causes of inflammation of a wound on the leg

When the infection enters the wounded area of ​​the leg, it leads to suppuration.

• Factors that provoke infectious invasion include: Weakness immune system
• person.
• Failure to comply with basic personal hygiene standards. Not favorable conditions
• labor (in a dirty, dusty place).
• Vitamin deficiency is a lack of important microelements and vitamins in the body.
• Irrational eating.
• Metabolic disorder.

The presence of some severe pathologies (hepatitis, AIDS, tuberculosis, diabetes, diseases of the cardiovascular system).

The cause of suppuration of the damaged area of ​​the leg is usually streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria, which, after entering the cut area, form their own microflora.

As a result of this process, necrosis of skin tissue and bacterial proliferation occurs. If the limb begins to fester, you need to consult a doctor, and then begin treatment, following all the doctor’s instructions.

The formation of pus in a wounded leg can be determined by the following symptoms:

• Swelling appears near the damaged area, and the skin takes on a reddish tint.
• The temperature in the wounded area of ​​the body rises.
• The patient is disturbed by pulsating pain that occurs inside the wound.
• A cloudy, purulent fluid is discharged from the leg.
• General weakness of the body, dizziness, nausea.

Treatment for purulent wounds lower limb Necessarily.

If you ignore the disease for a long time, complications will arise that will worsen the health of the sick person.

How to properly treat a wound on the leg?

For the speedy healing of a wound, it is important to properly care for the injured area of ​​the body. Treatment of an inflamed limb after cuts is carried out 2 times a day in accordance with the instructions below:

• First you need to disinfect your hands and equipment for the upcoming procedure.
• Then carefully remove the old bandage (if the bandage is dry, you should wet it with hydrogen peroxide).
• Proceed with caution to remove pus from the wounded leg. The edges of the damaged area must be treated with an antiseptic.
• Apply medicine to the wound (if the wound is too deep, you will need drainage or a tampon, which is inserted into the cavity for treatment).
• The next step is to cover the damaged surface with a bandage (adhesive plaster, clean gauze bandage).
• In particular difficult situations a purulent wound is treated up to 4 times a day.

Treatment options

Treatment of leg wounds - difficult process which takes a lot of time. The effectiveness of health measures depends on the severity of the injury and the patient’s health status. Removing pus that has formed on a wounded limb at home is a dangerous task. Treatment should be comprehensive, aimed at eliminating the infection from the patient’s body.

Ointments and creams

The following can be used during treatment: healing ointments and creams:

• Baneocin - helps when the wound on the leg is deep, and also promotes healing for burns.
• Levomekol is an excellent anti-infective agent.
• Eplan is effective for treating a variety of wounds.
• Solcoseryl - relieves pain from the damaged area of ​​the body, promotes speedy healing.
• Vishnevsky ointment - used as an effective anti-inflammatory agent, improves blood circulation, eliminates infection.
• Heparin - prevents the development of thrombosis, relieves pain and other symptoms of a purulent wound.

Antibacterial therapy

A purulent wound on the leg that appears requires immediate treatment.

For recovery, you can use various antiseptic solutions that perfectly fight bacteria and germs. To recommended antibacterial agents relate:

• A solution of chlorhexidine or furatsilin is suitable for treating open wounds.
• Powder "Streptotsid" - has unique medicinal properties. The damaged limb will heal faster after using this remedy.
• Bandage with hypertonic solution applied to the wounded leg to relieve swelling and pain.
• Iodine should not be used as an antibacterial medicine (due to the risk of skin burns).
• It is also important to use antibiotics orally and give injections to prevent suppuration and remove infection from the body.

Application of pharmacological solutions

The most effective pharmacological drugs that are used in the treatment of wounds are:

• Dioxidin - eliminates infection, relieves inflammation, available in the form of an ointment or solution.
• Dimexide - unique remedy, has a number positive properties(antihistamine, analgesic, antibacterial).
• Sodium chloride effectively removes pus from the wound and does not have a negative effect on blood cells.

Traditional medicine methods in the treatment of wounds

Non-traditional methods of treating a purulent wound process give the desired result, but only in combination with local therapy and following the doctor's recommendations. Self-medication is allowed initial stages. Below is a list of remedies that help treat an injured limb at home:

• You can treat the wound medicinal plants. Tinctures and decoctions of calendula, aloe juice, and sea buckthorn oil have excellent anti-inflammatory effects.
• Honey is used as an alternative to ointments and creams.
• You can wash the wound with a solution of eucalyptus.
• To treat purulent wounds, you need to wash the damaged area with horseradish decoction. This product has antimicrobial properties. Instead of horseradish, you can use chamomile. A decoction of this plant prevents infection and prevents infection from entering the body.
• Recognized by the majority traditional healers The remedy is aloe pulp. This medicine should be applied to the sore spot to speed up the treatment of a purulent wound.

Possible complications

If the pathology is not treated in time, complications arise. Consequences improper treatment abrasions and purulent wounds are as follows:

• The appearance of chronic diseases of the lymphatic vessels (lymphadenitis, lymphangitis).
• Thrombophlebitis is inflammation of the walls of capillaries, veins and arteries.
• A dangerous complication is the formation of pus on the fingers of the lower extremities.
• The spread of suppuration leads to an abscess, periositis, and osteomyelitis.
• In extremely severe cases, a person develops sepsis, which often causes death.

Prevention

How long the treatment of a purulent wound will last depends on the degree of neglect of the pathology, but it would be better to prevent infection from entering the body. For this purpose, it is important to adhere to the following rules:

• Carefully monitor the condition of the skin.
• If purulent blisters or swelling appear, you should seek medical help.
• Do not self-medicate without medical advice.
• Don't forget about rest and good sleep.
• Observe generally accepted rules of personal hygiene.
• Eat right - your menu should include foods rich in vitamins necessary for healthy skin.

Purulent wounds occur when the integrity of the skin when there is purulent content in the lumen, there is an inflammatory process at the edges. The pathology develops after infection of a clean wound (after a cut, puncture, etc.) or is formed due to a breakthrough of an abscess.

Possible reasons

Such wounds also occur in the period after surgical operations: even with careful observance of sterility during their implementation, up to 30% of suppurations are observed. The causative agents in them are pyogenic microbes (strepto-, staphylococci, Proteus or Escherichia coli, pseudomonas. Less commonly - mycobacteria, salmonella, shigella, pneumococci).

It is believed that any wound resulting from trauma is already infected (there are bacteria in it). For an infection to develop, several factors must be present:

• presence of a foreign body, blood clots or pieces of dead tissue in the wound;
• high level of pathogenic microorganisms.

The main reason for the development of purulent puncture wounds- insufficient outflow of fluid from the wound due to a narrow wound channel and a small hole on the surface of the skin.

Suppuration of lacerated wounds occurs as a result of contamination of crushed tissues and large quantity dead. Suppuration cut wounds observed less frequently (their edges are slightly damaged, the wound channel is often shallow).

Other factors that increase the risk of developing suppuration:

Characteristic symptoms

All manifestations of purulent wounds can be divided into general and local.

Local symptoms:

• the presence of damage to the skin with purulent contents;
• Regardless of the amount of pus, granulations and areas with dead tissue can form underneath.

The color of the purulent contents and its consistency depend on the type of pathogen:

• yellow or white thick pus - when infected with staphylococcus;
• brownish-yellow liquidish - E. coli;
• greenish or yellowish watery - streptococcus;
• brown with foul odor- anaerobic microbes;
• yellowish, changing color in the air - Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The appearance of pus in the wound is accompanied by bursting or pressing pain. When the outflow of purulent contents from the wound is difficult (when a crust forms), the production of pus increases, and the affected area becomes inflamed. Throbbing pain appears due to increased pressure in the wound.

The skin around the wound turns red and is hot to the touch. In advanced cases, the skin acquires a purple or purplish-blue hue. The temperature rises, swelling of the tissue around the wound is observed. Physiological functions are violated (due to severe pain and swelling).

General symptoms are due to general intoxication as a result of toxins entering the body from a purulent wound:

• body temperature rises;
• general weakness;
• increased sweating;
• chills;
• loss of appetite;
• at laboratory research There is leukocytosis in the blood, accelerated ESR, and protein in the urine.

Purulent wounds that have not previously been treated are treated by surgeons. If suppuration occurs after primary surgical treatment, traumatologists are involved in treatment. Festering surgical wounds treated by the operating doctors.

Antibacterial drugs are selected taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen. Treatment of purulent wounds includes:

• prescription of antibacterial drugs;
• carrying out detoxification measures (hemodialysis, hemosorption, forced diuresis are used to remove toxins from the body, outpatient setting- drinking plenty of water);
• (to increase the production of tissue protective factors and interferon by the body).

When a purulent focus is just forming, the goal is to thoroughly clean the wound, reduce inflammation, and eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. At the next stage, it is important to speed up the regeneration processes.

The greatest effect is obtained by using:

• Vishnevsky ointment;
• syntomycin liniment;
• tetracycline ointment;
• neomycin ointment.

How to cure with folk remedies?

If the wound has festered and you don’t want to use medications, you can use traditional medicine:

• use aloe juice to irrigate wounds and lotions;
• a paste of grape leaves applied to the wound will clear it of pus within 24 hours (it also has a hemostatic effect);
• lotions from sauerkraut will help remove dried blood and prevent the development of inflammation;
• powder prepared from calamus root can be poured directly onto the wound (has a bactericidal effect);
• washed plantain leaves are applied to the wound for 20 minutes (the release of pus from small festering scratches stops and healing begins);
• apply fresh garlic paste to the area with a purulent wound for several hours (itching may occur immediately, gradually the wound will begin to clear of pus, the bactericidal properties of garlic accelerate healing);
• sliced fresh leaves and the flowers are applied to the wound and left for a few minutes. You can prepare a decoction of chamomile and use it as a lotion. Simultaneously with external use, it is recommended to take chamomile infusion internally.

You cannot apply bandages with ointment to an open purulent wound - this impedes the outflow of pus and promotes its penetration deep into the tissue. For dressings, use gauze pads and bandages (instead of adhesive tape) to provide air access to the wound.

If you have purulent wounds, you should refrain from visiting the bathhouse, sauna, or swimming pool (in the summer, from swimming and sunbathing). It is not recommended to use it until the end of the course of treatment. essential oils(they can increase the flow of fluid to the affected area).

Prevention measures

To prevent suppuration of wounds it is necessary:

• treat any scratches, abrasions, cuts and other damage to the skin (with a solution of iodine, brilliant green, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate);
• when treating wounds, use sterile instruments;
• promptly bandage existing wounds;
• follow all doctor's orders;
• take proper care of your skin;
• apply individual means protection at enterprises (where provided).

When treating purulent wounds at home, treatment with simple and by safe means, which have bactericidal properties, accelerates the healing process.

The wound healing process is a response of the entire organism to injury, and great importance in wound healing has a state of nervous trophism.

Depending on the body’s reaction, the state of nervous trophism, infection and other conditions, the wound healing process is different. There are two types of healing. In some cases, the adjacent edges of the wound stick together with the subsequent formation of a linear scar and without the release of pus, and the entire healing process ends in a few days. Such a wound is called clean, and its healing is called healing by primary intention. If the edges of the wound gape or have separated due to the presence of infection, its cavity is gradually filled with a special newly formed tissue and pus is released, then such a wound is called purulent, and its healing is healing by secondary intention; Wounds take longer to heal by secondary intention.

ARGOSULFAN® cream helps speed up the healing of abrasions and small wounds. The combination of the antibacterial component silver sulfathiazole and silver ions provides a broad spectrum antibacterial action cream. The drug can be applied not only to wounds located on open areas of the body, but also under bandages. The product has not only wound healing, but also antimicrobial effect, and in addition, promotes wound healing without a rough scar (1). You need to read the instructions or consult a specialist.

All surgical patients, depending on the course of the wound process, are divided into two large groups. Patients who undergo operations under aseptic conditions, who have no purulent processes and wound healing occurs by primary intention, constitute the first group - the group of pure surgical patients. The same group includes patients with accidental wounds in whom wound healing after primary surgical treatment occurs without suppuration. The huge number of patients in modern surgical departments belongs to this group. Patients with purulent processes, with accidental wounds, usually infected and healing by secondary intention, as well as those postoperative patients in whom healing occurs with wound suppuration, belong to the second group - the group of patients with purulent surgical diseases.

Healing by primary intention. Wound healing is a very complex process in which a general and local reaction of the body and tissues to damage is manifested. Healing by primary intention is possible only when the edges of the wound are adjacent to each other, being brought together by sutures, or simply touching. Wound infection prevents healing by primary intention in the same way as necrosis of the wound edges (contused wounds) also prevents it.

Wound healing by primary intention begins almost immediately after the injury, at least from the moment the bleeding stops. No matter how accurately the edges of the wound touch, there is always a gap between them, filled with blood and lymph, which soon coagulates. In the tissues of the edges of the wound there is a greater or lesser number of damaged and dead tissue cells, these also include red blood cells released from the vessels and blood clots in the cut vessels. Subsequently, healing follows the path of dissolution and resorption of dead cells and restoration of tissue at the site of the incision. It occurs mainly through the proliferation of local connective tissue cells and the release of white blood cells from the vessels. Thanks to this, already within the first day, the primary gluing of the wound occurs, so that some effort is already required to separate its edges. Along with the formation of new cells, damaged blood cells, fibrin clots and bacteria trapped in the wound are reabsorbed and dissolved.

Following the formation of cells, new formation of connective tissue fibers also occurs, which ultimately leads to the construction of new connective tissue tissue at the site of the wound, and new formation of vessels (capillaries) connecting the edges of the wound occurs. As a result, young scar connective tissue forms at the wound site; At the same time, epithelial cells (skin, mucous membranes) grow, and after 3-5-7 days the epithelial cover is restored. In general, within 5-8 days, the healing process by primary intention basically ends, and then there is a decrease in cellular elements, the development of connective tissue fibers and partial emptying of blood vessels, due to which the scar turns from pink to white. In general, any tissue, be it muscle, skin, internal organ etc., heals almost exclusively through the formation of a connective tissue scar.

Definitely affects wound healing general state body. Exhaustion chronic diseases clearly affect the course of the healing process, creating conditions that slow it down or are not at all favorable to it.

Removing stitches. When healing by primary intention, it is believed that the tissues grow together quite firmly already on the 7-8th day, which makes it possible to remove skin sutures. Only in very weakened and exhausted persons, cancer patients, in whom the healing processes are slow, or in cases where the sutures were applied with great tension, they are removed on the 10-15th day. Sutures must be removed in compliance with all aseptic rules. Carefully remove the bandage, avoiding pulling on the stitches if they are stuck to the bandage. When healing by primary intention, there is no swelling or redness of the edges, pain when pressed is insignificant, and deep down there is no feeling of compaction characteristic of the inflammatory process.

After removing the bandage and lubricating the sutures with iodine tincture, carefully pull the free tip of the suture near the knot with anatomical tweezers, lift it and, pulling the knot to the other side of the cut line, remove the thread from the depth by several millimeters, which is noticeable by the color of the thread, dry and dark on the outside, white and wet, located deep in the skin. Then this whitened section of thread, which was in the skin, is cut with scissors, and the thread is easily removed by pulling. This is how the suture is removed so as not to pull the dirty outer part of it, which has dark color. After the sutures are removed, the injection sites are lubricated with iodine tincture and the wound is covered with a bandage for several days.

Healing by secondary intention. Where there is a wound cavity, where its edges are not brought together (for example, after excision of tissue), where there is dead tissue or a voluminous blood clot in the wound, or foreign bodies(for example, tampons and drains), healing will proceed by secondary intention. In addition, any wound complicated by an inflammatory purulent process, also heals by secondary intention, and it should be noted that this is a complication purulent infection This does not happen in all wounds that heal by secondary intention.

During healing by secondary intention, a complex process occurs, the most characteristic feature of which is the filling of the wound cavity with a special newly formed granulation tissue, so named because of its granular appearance (granula - grain).

Soon after injury, the blood vessels at the edges of the wound dilate, causing them to redden; the edges of the wound become swollen, moist, smoothing of the boundaries between tissues appears, and by the end of the second day, newly formed tissue is noticeable. In this case, there is an energetic release of white blood cells, the appearance of young connective tissue cells, and the formation of offspring of capillary vessels. Small branches of capillaries with surrounding connective tissue cells, white blood cells and other cells make up individual grains connective tissue Usually, during the 3rd and 4th days, granulation tissue lines the entire wound cavity, forming a red granular mass that makes the individual wound tissues and the boundaries between them indistinguishable.

Granulation tissue, therefore, forms a temporary cover that somewhat protects the tissue from any external damage: It delays the absorption of toxins and other toxic substances from the wound. Therefore, a careful attitude towards granulations and careful handling of them is necessary, since any mechanical (during dressing) or chemical (antiseptic substances) damage to easily vulnerable granulation tissue opens the unprotected surface of deeper tissues and contributes to the spread of infection.

On outer surface In the granulation tissue, fluid leaks out, cells come out, new vascular shoots appear and, thus, the tissue layer grows and fills the wound cavity.

Simultaneously with the filling of the wound cavity, its surface is covered with epithelium (epithelialization). From the edges, from neighboring areas, from the remains of the excretory ducts of the glands, from randomly preserved groups of epithelial cells, they multiply, not only by growing continuous layers of epithelium from the edges, but also by forming separate islands on the granulation tissue, which then merge with the epithelium running from the edges of the wound. The healing process generally ends when epithelium covers the surface of the wound. Only with very large wound surfaces may the epithelium fail to cover them and it becomes necessary to transplant skin from another part of the body.

At the same time, in the deeper layers, scar tissue shrinks, the release of white blood cells decreases, capillaries become empty, connective tissue fibers are formed, which leads to a decrease in tissue volume and contraction of the entire wound cavity, accelerating the healing process. Any lack of tissue is compensated by a scar that is first pink, then - when the vessels become empty - White color.

The duration of wound healing depends on a number of conditions, especially on its size, and sometimes reaches many months. Also, subsequent wrinkling of the scar continues for weeks and even months, and it can lead to disfigurement and limitation of movements.

Healing under the scab. For superficial skin damage, especially when minor abrasions, blood and lymph appear on the surface; they curl up, dry out and look like a dark brown crust - a scab. When the scab falls off, a surface lined with fresh epithelium is visible. This healing is called subescal healing.

Wound infection. All accidental wounds, no matter what they were caused by, are infected, and the primary infection is that which is introduced into the tissue by the wounding body. When wounded, pieces of clothing and dirty skin get into the depths of the wound, which cause a primary infection of the wound. Secondary is an infection that enters a wound not at the time of injury, but after that - secondarily - from surrounding areas of the skin and mucous membranes, from bandages, clothing, from infected body cavities (esophagus, intestines), during dressings, etc. Even with In an infected wound and in the presence of suppuration, this secondary infection is dangerous, since the body’s response to a new infection is usually weakened.

In addition to infection with purulent cocci, wounds may become infected with bacteria that develop in the absence of air (anaerobes). This infection greatly complicates the course of the wound.

The question of whether an infection will develop or not usually becomes clear within a few hours or days. As already mentioned, in addition to the virulence of microbes, the nature of the wound and the reaction of the body are of great importance. Clinical manifestation of infection, course of the inflammatory process, its spread, transition to general infection the body depends not only on the nature of the infection and the type of wound, but also on the state of the wounded person’s body.

Initially, there are only a small number of microbes in the wound. During the first 6-8 hours, microbes, finding favorable conditions in the wound, multiply quickly, but do not yet spread through the interstitial spaces. In the following hours, the rapid spread of microbes through the lymphatic crevices begins, lymphatic vessels and nodes. In the period before the spread of infection, all measures must be taken to limit the development of microbes by eliminating conditions conducive to their proliferation.

Wound suppuration. When an infection develops in a wound, an inflammatory process usually occurs, which is expressed locally in redness and swelling around the wound, pain, inability to move the diseased part of the body, local (in the area of ​​the wound) and a general increase in temperature. Soon, pus begins to ooze from the wound and the wound walls become covered with granulation tissue. The entry of bacteria into a sutured, for example postoperative, wound causes a characteristic picture of the disease. The patient's temperature rises and a febrile state is observed. The patient feels pain in the wound area, its edges swell, redness appears and sometimes pus accumulates in the depths. Fusion of the edges of the wound usually does not occur, and pus is either released spontaneously between the sutures, or such a wound has to be opened.

(1) - E.I. Tretyakova. Complex treatment long-term non-healing wounds of various etiologies. Clinical dermatology and venereology. - 2013.- No. 3