The best folk remedy for high blood pressure. Brain damage. A mixture that normalizes blood pressure

Arterial hypertension or hypertension is an increase in blood pressure that occurs due to narrowing of the vascular lumen. If previously the disease had to be treated more often by older people, today the number of young patients has increased significantly.

Methods for treating hypertension

It is well known that arterial hypertension is a significant prerequisite for heart attacks, strokes, damage to blood vessels, kidneys, blood clots and other serious diseases, which are much more difficult to treat than high blood pressure. All methods of treating hypertension are aimed at normalizing the level of blood pressure in the arteries and preventing complications in the heart. Hypertension can be managed with medications, lifestyle changes, folk remedies or a whole set of measures.

Drug treatment

In many cases the only way To cope with the disease is drug treatment of arterial hypertension. Pharmacists offer many medications designed to treat hypertension and normalize blood pressure levels. different degrees hypertension. Five groups of drugs have practical significance in the treatment of hypertension:

• angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors;
• diuretic medications;
• beta blockers;
• calcium channel blockers;
• angiotensin receptor blockers.

Non-drug

An effective measure to prevent high blood pressure (even with hereditary cause its appearance) lifestyle adjustments are recognized. Treatment of hypertension with non-drug means involves giving up tobacco and alcohol, a diet limited in salt, fatty and fried foods, and moderate physical activity. These measures are often enough to achieve a good result.

Doctors say one of the confirmed causes of hypertension is a lack of the minerals magnesium and potassium in the body. You can get enough of these substances from pharmaceutical drugs(asparkam, orocamag) or by introducing into the diet the following foods rich in potassium and magnesium:

• wheat bran;
• pumpkin seeds;
• flax seeds;
• nuts: cashews, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts, brazil nut, pine nuts, walnuts;
• dried apricots;
• spinach;
• beans;
• kiwi;
• apples;
• potatoes.

Treatment of hypertension with folk remedies at home

In the first stages of the disease, high blood pressure can be treated without pills. Folk remedies for hypertension will not be beneficial when hypertension has developed to a severe degree or hypertensive crisis. At the first problems with high blood pressure, take advantage of doctors' recommendations on proper nutrition, exercise, and use traditional medicine. Self-medication for hypertension is dangerous. The doctor must determine the extent of the disease in order to recommend medications and take measures to normalize blood pressure.

Herbs

Traditional medicine recipes can tell you how to get rid of hypertension. Methods designed to treat high blood pressure have been time-tested, but for serious problems and severe attacks, it is important not to resort to self-treatment, but to consult a specialist. Herbs that lower blood pressure in hypertension will be effective when taken for a long time. Among famous recipes For home treatment For hypertension, herbs and other medicinal plants include the following remedies:

1. Hawthorn decoction or tincture. For the decoction you will need 3 tbsp. hawthorn flowers and 3 cups of boiling water. The decoction should be drunk a day, dividing the entire volume into 3 doses. A tincture of the plant is sold in pharmacy chains. It is taken according to the instructions: 30 drops four times a day.
2. Medicine from pine cones. Grind 5 pine cones and pour into a dark bottle. Fill herbal component glass medical alcohol and place in a dark place (not in the refrigerator). After 10 days, strain the tincture, pour in 1 tsp. apple cider vinegar. You need to drink the medicine in the morning after breakfast, 1 tsp. It is recommended to treat high blood pressure for six months.
3. Beetroot juice. Juice is squeezed out of fresh beets. The liquid should be mixed in a ratio of 1:4 with the juice of another vegetable: carrot, pumpkin or cucumber. Gradually, the portion of beets should be increased. You need to drink the drink 2 times a day, 1 glass. The course of admission is 14 days.
4. Cranberries. As a diuretic that does not wash away potassium, traditional healers recommend using a mixture of cranberries and honey. To do this, the berries are crushed using a meat grinder and combined with the same amount of honey. You need to take 1 tbsp of natural medicine. before meals.

flax seed

A common cause of increased pressure is the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques on the vascular walls, which narrow the lumen and impair blood flow. Omega-3 acids are an effective measure to prevent the appearance of such formations. Flax seeds are a product that contains these substances significant amount. Fatty acids from the product are easily absorbed and increase the percentage of lipoproteins in the blood that resist the appearance of plaques.

Doctors recommend treating hypertension with flax seeds by taking 3 tablespoons of them raw daily. First, flaxseeds need to be ground in a blender or other convenient method. They can be eaten plain, used as a topping for a sandwich, or added to salads. This natural supplement reduces the risk of pathologies of cardio-vascular system, oncology and helps treat hypertension.

Garlic

ethnoscience suggests treating high blood pressure with garlic. This product prevents lipid oxidation and the formation of free radicals. Garlic thins the blood and stimulates blood circulation due to its high hydrogen sulfide content. Lemon and garlic for hypertension improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system and increase body tone. For tincture from high pressure You will need to grind 2 heads of garlic and 2 lemons in a meat grinder. The mixture is diluted with 1 liter of water, after which it is infused for a day. The infusion is drunk in a course: 3 weeks, 3 tablespoons per day.

How to treat high blood pressure

Valerian in drops or tablets is actively used to treat hypertension in the early stages, to reduce blood pressure. It not only has the ability to reduce the rate, but also acts as a sedative and antispasmodic. For more significant problems with blood pressure, you will need antihypertensive drugs that have an intense hypotensive effect.

Beta blockers

Doctors suggest treating hypertension in conditions after a heart attack, angina pectoris, persistent atrial fibrillation, and heart failure with beta blockers. With monotherapy, the course of treatment is 2-4 weeks, and then beta-blockers for hypertension are combined with diuretics and calcium channel blockers. Among the popular means of this group are:

• Carvedilol;
• Bisoprolol;
• Atenolol;
• Metoprolol;
• Nebivolol;
• Betaxolol and their analogues.

Calcium channel blockers

For elderly hypertensive patients with arrhythmia, cardiac dysfunction, angina pectoris, severe cerebral atherosclerosis, it is recommended to treat high blood pressure with drugs that block calcium channels. The action of calcium antagonists is aimed at preventing brain damage. These include:

• Amlodipine;
• Nimodipine;
• Nifedipine;
• Riocidilin;
• Verapamil.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

In development hypertension Angiotensin plays a significant role, under the influence of which the vascular lumen narrows. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs that normalize blood pressure are designed to block the conversion of renin to angiotensin. ACE inhibitors for hypertension, which are prescribed to treat the disease, are represented by the following medications:

• Kapoten;
• Captopril;
• Epsitron;
• Enalapril;
• Enap.

Diuretics

On initial stage In diseases, doctors assign a large role to diuretics. Diuretics for high blood pressure help get rid of accumulated fluid and salt deposits. The effect of medications allows you to lower the level of pressure in the blood vessels and reduce the load on the heart. It is suggested to treat high blood pressure with the following drugs:

• Indapamide;
• Dichlorothiazide;
• Furosemide and others.

Sartans

Pharmacists and doctors around the world are constantly working to improve the composition of drugs and determine how to treat arterial hypertension as effectively as possible. Among the latest achievements in this area are sartana drugs for the treatment of hypertension. The activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is suppressed by this group of medications, which explains the beneficial effect on the body and the ability to treat high blood pressure and hypertension curable disease.

Excellent effectiveness, minimal risk of side effects, and affordable cost of drugs make them popular for the treatment of hypertension. There is an opinion that this group of medications can provoke the occurrence of malignant tumors, but so far there is no evidence of this. Doctors recommend treating high blood pressure with the following sartans:

• Sanoral;
• Valmoset;
• Tevetent;
• Mikardis and others.

How to cure hypertension without pills

Your doctor will tell you how to treat hypertension at an early stage. Doctors' recommendations, carried out systematically, will help treat hypertension and normalize the condition. Treatment of hypertension without medications comes down to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, physical therapy, and giving up unhealthy habits. It is possible to cope with hypertension only with these methods in the initial stages of the disease.

Lifestyle change

Often the cause of hypertension is the incorrect lifestyle that the patient leads. Failure to comply with work and rest schedules, unbalanced nutrition, alcohol abuse, smoking, and lack of physical activity affect the quality of functioning of the cardiovascular system. Changing your lifestyle will help you radically solve the problem of hypertension and get rid of high blood pressure without taking pills.

Diet

Digestive processes affect all systems and organs of the body, including the cardiovascular system. Rich food and excess fluid impede the activity of this organ. The diet for patients with hypertension requires mandatory adherence to the regimen. Frequent split meals, avoiding late dinners, and variety in the diet are recommended. It is important to eat foods with high content potassium and magnesium.

Doctors recommend reducing salt intake, limiting fluid intake to 1 liter per day, and giving up caffeine and other tonics. If you have hypertension, you should not eat foods with a significant cholesterol content or consume fats of animal origin. Among the foods prohibited for hypertensive patients:

• smoked meats;
• pickles;
• marinades;
• chips;
• caviar;
• eggs;
• liver;
• butter;
• fatty, spicy, sweet foods.

Body weight control

One of the main goals of treatment for hypertension is to reduce excess weight. Doctors recommend reducing the caloric content of food consumed by limiting sweets, starchy foods and fatty foods. Weight loss for hypertension cannot be achieved by fasting or eliminating protein foods. Nutritional adjustments are necessary for all patients whose weight is more than normal. Losing weight helps bring blood pressure back to normal.

Rejection of bad habits

The basis good health and normal blood pressure indicators - giving up bad habits. Nicotine leads to vasoconstriction, and as a result, smoking increases blood pressure. Even under the influence of harmful substances from cigarettes, a huge dose of adrenaline enters the body, which makes the heart beat faster and causes tachycardia. Alcohol in large doses also leads to hypertension, so doctors recommend giving up this bad habit.

Physical activity for high blood pressure

In hypertension, physical exercise is a biological stimulator of regulatory systems. The method of exercise therapy for arterial hypertension that will be used to treat the disease depends on the stage of the disease and its manifestations. Breathing exercises and complexes aimed at relaxing muscles are always prescribed. It is optimal to complement the treatment of high blood pressure with the following activities:

• swimming in the pool;
• cycling;
• dancing;
• regular walking, walks.

Video

Folk remedies for high blood pressure are becoming increasingly popular among hypertensive patients, because they are practically harmless to other organs and are several times cheaper. It is believed that hypertension is age-related disease. Like many other diseases, it has become significantly younger and has become one of the most common reasons deaths of young people.

Often patients simply ignore poor health and do not take any measures, but timely diagnosis of hypertension and its treatment, will help avoid most complications.

You can fight high blood pressure using different methods - both medicinal and folk. How to properly resist high blood pressure? What to eat and drink to prevent it from rising? – we’ll talk in this article.

Is hypertension dangerous?

No doctor would dare call this disease safe. High blood pressure causes problems in many organ systems. This is a harbinger of the development of a heart attack or stroke, which often lead to disability or death.

Negative influence hypertension affects cerebral circulation. Due to its deterioration, nutrients do not reach the cells, therefore memory deteriorates significantly.

Changes are happening and in the eyeball. The retina is damaged, which provokes a deterioration in visual perception.

The heart muscle suffers greatly due to high blood pressure. The organ is supplied with insufficient blood, Consequently– angina pectoris. Heart failure or myocardial infarction also occurs.

WHO data shows that 40% of adults suffer from hypertension. At first, this disease rarely manifests itself. Sometimes a person learns about hypertension only after a sudden hypertensive crisis.

Causes of increased blood pressure

The fast pace of modern life does not allow a person to have proper rest and sleep. He often finds himself in stressful situations, and his nerves are under constant strain. It leads to exhaustion of the body, causing chronic fatigue.

The reasons for increased blood pressure lie not only this. Under the influence of external factors, the activity of all internal organs is disrupted.

First of all, they affect the state of the vascular system. Blood, under the influence of a rapid heartbeat, circulates much more actively. The situation is getting more complicated, if the vascular walls are weakened and clogged with plaques of atherosclerosis.

Because of this, the blood is distributed unevenly throughout the vessels and exerts more pressure in some areas than in others. This is the main reason for the development of hypertension.

Symptoms of high blood pressure

You can normalize high blood pressure with the help of a plant that is found in almost every home. The benefits of fresh aloe juice have been known since ancient times. Positively its use also affects high blood pressure.

Daily dose – 1 tsp. This amount of fresh aloe leaves is diluted in 50 ml. pure water and take on an empty stomach.

Dill seeds

The healing properties of dill grains are used in folk medicine for various diseases. In the case of hypertension, prepare an infusion based on these seeds.

Soak 1 tbsp in a glass of boiling water. l. raw materials. Leave for a couple of hours and filter. Divide the drug into three doses.

This is an effective folk remedy for high blood pressure, as evidenced by reviews from hypertensive patients.

Elecampane root

Hypertension can be treated using therapeutic properties of the plant:

• Normalization of blood pressure.
• Strengthening the myocardium.
• Reducing cholesterol.

A special decoction is prepared to lower blood pressure.

It requires:

1. Chopped elecampane rhizome – 70 g.
2. Oat grains – 50 g.
3. Water – 5 l.

First, prepare an oatmeal broth and keep it in the dark for at least 5 hours. Mix elecampane with the resulting liquid and boil again. Leave for about 120 minutes.

Taking the remedy a third of a glass three times a day against high blood pressure.

Plantain

Anti-pressure tinctures based on vodka and fresh plantain leaves are simple to prepare and effectively lower blood pressure.

Grind the washed leaves to make 4 tbsp. l. Pour this amount of raw material with half a liter of vodka and leave in the room for 14 days.

Then the tincture is filtered and drunk 30 drops three times a day.

Valerian

A folk remedy based on valerian roots is also found to be effective against hypertension.

The infusion is capable of:

1. Strengthen the myocardium.
2. Reduce high blood pressure.
3. Reduce cholesterol.
4. Resist tachycardia.

To prepare the product, use a couple of spoons of raw materials and 300 ml of boiling water. Boil for 20 minutes and cool.

Used three times a day exclusively after meals.

Peppermint

Most effective home remedy from high blood pressure - mint leaves. You need to make strong tea from them. Its rich taste and aroma will eliminate headaches and calm blood pressure surges. The drink is not only drunk, but also rubbed into the skin of the neck.

Clover

To decoctions fast acting refers to clover. He very useful hypertensive patients and will not cause any harm to the body.

The folk remedy is so effective that it reduces high blood pressure. Its effect no matter, for what reason it rose.

Hawthorn

Treatment of high blood pressure with folk remedies quickly occurs with the help of an infusion based on hawthorn flowers.

For 1 l. boiling water requires 2 tbsp. l. dried raw materials. Leave for about 24 hours. Drink 200 ml three times a day after meals.

Foods to normalize blood pressure

With hypertension, a person needs not only treatment, but also proper nutrition. It should include products or products based on them that have antihypertensive properties. Hypertensive patients just need to choose the one that suits their taste and effect.

Video on the topic:

Watermelon

Home remedies for treating hypertension such as watermelon may raise doubts and contradictions among many. It is known that if you have high blood pressure, you should not drink a lot of fluids. In the case of watermelon, only its dried crust and seeds.

The ground mixture does not need to be diluted in water or brewed. It is enough for hypertensive patients to eat only 1 tbsp. l. twice a day.

Kefir

This drink, beneficial for the intestines, has also shown its effectiveness in the fight against high blood pressure. People with hypertension drink kefir just for fun. Add for taste and performance improvement a little cinnamon or honey.

Garlic

Its lobules are successfully used to remove cholesterol and normalize the activity of the heart and vascular system. This means that it can cure hypertension.

Exists several ways Using garlic for high blood pressure:

1. Consume at least a day 1 garlic clove. It needs to be chewed thoroughly and for a long time, and then not eaten with anything for a while.
2. Crush or rub 3 cloves and connect with kefir. Drink at once.
3. Place 25 garlic cloves in half a liter of vodka. The tincture should be in the dark and warm 14 days. Drink three times a day 1 tsp. before meals.
4. Chop the garlic and mix with boiling water. From this remedy make lotions with increased pressure in the area of ​​​​the feet, palms or forehead.

cranberries

A decoction of cranberry fruit helps with hypertension. Ripe berries and sugar boil in a ratio of 2:1. The mixture must be brought until pureed using a blender. There is a remedy for hypertension 5 tbsp. l.

Kalina

Ripe viburnum berries are universal. They are used for various diseases. How to get rid of high blood pressure with their help?

For the means 5 tbsp. l. turn into pulp. Stir with the same amount of honey and warm it up a little. Leave to infuse. Eat one tablespoon four times a day.

Black currant

The taste and aroma of this plant is amazing. Everything in it is useful, even the leaves. They can be used fresh or prepared by drying.

The recipe against hypertension is simple - make tea. Thanks to your taste qualities, it is pleasant to drink and you can refuse classic teas, which negatively affect blood pressure.

Don't forget and about dried currants. They also need to be chewed, alternating with tea.

Juices under pressure

Traditional medicine knows how to treat hypertension, but contemporaries forgot about the benefits of certain juices with this diagnosis.

1. Daily drink half a glass lingonberry juice.
2. Consume fresh black rowan fruit daily several times a day 20 g. Well - 14-21 days. For diabetics there is such a remedy prohibited, but they can replace it with a water infusion based on dried fruits.
3. For 2 month period daily drink on an empty stomach for hypertension 3 drops each fresh juice from aloe leaves.
4. Mix from fresh nectar of horseradish root, beetroot and carrots. Dilute with a small amount of water and leave for a day.
5. Beet juice with honey for hypertension in proportion 300 ml/200 g. Daily dose – 3 tbsp. l.(one per appointment).

Photos of juices:

From lingonberry berries

From the fruits of black rowan

From horseradish root, beets and carrots

Beetroot with honey

Vinegar

Every housewife has this product in her kitchen, but not many people know how well it relieves high blood pressure. Apple cider vinegar is a quick relief for hypertension. It is so effective that it is necessary to constantly monitor blood pressure levels.

Several layers of gauze should be soaked in vinegar and placed on the feet. As soon as the blood pressure situation in a hypertensive patient has returned to normal, the lotions need to be removed.

Mustard plasters for high blood pressure

The best folk remedy for hypertension is mustard. Ready mustard plasters needs to be soaked warm water and distribute over the body.

Under their influence, blood vessels dilate, reducing pressure on blood vessels hypertension.

Water treatments

The ancient people believed in the magical power of water and worshiped it. Thanks to its relaxing abilities, modern doctors recommend spend more often water procedures for hypertensive patients:

1. Cold and hot shower.
2. Washing the face and collar area mint decoction or warm water.
3. Rubbing with a wet towel.
4. Bath with salt. 300 mg. lavender extract, 2 drops of fir oil, 5 drops of lemon juice, half a pack of salt. The water temperature should not be above + 38. Duration – no longer than 20 minutes.
5. Bath with valerian. First make an infusion of 2 glasses dry mixture and boiling water. Let it sit and then add it to the bath water.

Massage to reduce blood pressure

Classic back massage is contraindicated for hypertensive patients, as it can provoke a sharp rise in blood pressure. What to do if you have hypertension? Doctors advise - self-massage.

Massaging can be different:

1. Holding your earlobes, pull them firmly down 20 times. Do the same with the upper part of the ear. The final step of the procedure is rubbing the ears. clockwise and counterclockwise.
2. IN 3 tbsp. l. sunflower oil dilute a few drops essential oils chamomile and lemon balm. Apply the mixture to your palms and wipe the neck and back of the head. Finally, wash with warm water.

Other folk remedies

There are a lot of folk remedies against high blood pressure that normalize its indicators. The main thing is to be able to prepare them and use them correctly.

Honey, lemon and garlic

This combination is often used against colds, but is also used in the fight against hypertension. For high blood pressure it has hypotensive effect.

It's easy to prepare. Grate 5 garlic cloves and 1 medium lemon with zest. Connect with 100 ml liquid honey and use according to 1 tsp. three times a day. Store in the refrigerator or cool place.

Heart drops

This remedy helps lower not only diastolic blood pressure, but also upper blood pressure.

If hypertension began due to stress, it is necessary to shake the water a couple of drops Corvalola/Valoserdina. After consumption hypertensive patient to lie down.

Photos of medicines:

Corvalol

Valoserdin

Since the positive effect occurs quickly with elevated blood pressure, popular method.

Fir Oil

Fir oil helps very well with hypertension. The best efficiency occurs if 5 drops drop refined sugar onto cube. In the oral cavity, hypertensive patients need to slowly dissolve it, do not swallow or bite.

Honey water

Honey is used in various recipes against hypertension. This folk recipe is the simplest, but no less effective.

1 tbsp. l. honey needs to be diluted cold water in an amount of 200 ml. and drink on an empty stomach immediately after waking up.

Green tea

Tea leaves of this type contain several times less caffeine than black tea. For this reason alone, it will be useful for hypertensive patients. You need to brew it not strong and drink warm several times a day.

To enhance effectiveness, drip onto the cup 20 drops Calendula tinctures in alcohol.

Rowan

Red rowan berries - herbal tablets from hypertension. If consumed per day 1 tbsp. l. fruits this tree or drink the same amount of juice, a rapid decrease in blood pressure is guaranteed.

It will be useful to view:

During pregnancy

Hypertension for pregnant women is a very dangerous condition. What to drink in this case is prescribed only by an experienced specialist. The medications should be such that the high blood pressure is brought down and the child is not harmed.

What folk methods help? All of the above methods. It would also be useful to observe some general rules:

1. Regular walks on fresh air.
2. Drink beet juice - 200 ml. per day.
3. Refuse caffeinated drinks and products.
4. Get more rest.
5. Don't engage self-medication.
6. Before going to bed, massage the back of your head.

If you have high blood pressure, then you are probably familiar with unpleasant symptoms of this disease. To normalize your well-being and prevent a stroke, you should use the traditional medicine described in this material.

If your blood pressure rises regularly, then you should stop eating peas, beans and dark meat. It is also necessary to reduce the amount of rich bread, water and fat-rich foods. But milk and dairy products must be included in the daily diet.

Slow walks in the fresh air are very beneficial. To do this, it is better to choose uncrowded places located as far as possible from the transport route. You should not neglect sports either - with moderate loads, the pressure will not only return to normal, but also remain constantly at a normal level. For hypertension during an exacerbation, it is necessary to do light exercises - this is one of the most effective remedies.

However, it should be borne in mind that sports in many cases are contraindicated in case of hypertension. This issue is discussed with the doctor. If your blood pressure rises to a maximum of 160, then light exercise will not hurt. If the indicator is higher than this norm, it is not worth taking risks.

Quitting smoking is the first step towards normalizing blood pressure. Just one smoked cigarette can lead to a hypertensive crisis, not to mention regular use of nicotine.

It is better to give up strong alcohol, in particular wine. It increases blood pressure, like other alcohol-containing drinks, and leads to poor health.

Tea increases blood pressure, as does coffee. But this only applies to black varieties. Green tea tones, while reducing blood pressure.

Scientists have proven that stress is hypertension's best friend. The nervous system is closely connected with cerebral circulation, and with nervous overstrain a sharp rise in pressure is possible.

High blood pressure can be prevented

Herbs for blood pressure

In folk medicine, there are many recipes using herbs for high blood pressure. To prepare a medicinal infusion you will need 80 grams of elecampane root, 50 grams of unpeeled oats and 30 grams of honey. The oats are thoroughly washed, filled with 5 liters of water and brought to a boil. Afterwards it must be left for 4 hours. Then pour the elecampane roots with the resulting decoction, bring the mixture to a boil and leave again for about 2 hours. Take 1/3 cup three times a day for 2-3 weeks.

This infusion maintains normal blood pressure, and also strengthens the heart muscle and treats high cholesterol.

Chamomile, immortelle, St. John's wort, strawberry leaves, and birch buds reduce pressure no less effectively. To prepare the decoction, you need to mix all the listed herbs in a tablespoon, then pour boiling water over two tablespoons, leave for 2 hours and take in the same way as the previous method. This decoction has one important advantage - it has no contraindications and can be taken at any age.

Kefir for blood pressure

As mentioned above, fermented milk products effectively fight hypertension. To improve the effect of the product, you should add a little cinnamon to kefir and drink one glass every day.

Watermelon against hypertension

Watermelon has unique properties. It not only removes excess fluid from the body, cleanses the kidneys and lowers cholesterol levels, but also effectively fights hypertension. For this purpose, not the pulp is used, but dried crusts and seeds. They are ground and consumed one tablespoon 2 times a day.

Watermelon can lower blood pressure

Vinegar and water - first aid for hypertension

To lower blood pressure, you need to soak a rag in table vinegar and wrap it around your legs. It will take about 30 minutes to normalize your health. It is recommended to keep your feet warm if the pressure has risen no higher than 160 mmHg. If the indicator is higher, then cold therapy is indicated.

To reduce blood pressure, wet your hands and face with cold water. You just need to do this with caution if hypertension is caused by heart disease.

Other folk remedies

Beet. For cooking medicinal mixture It is necessary to mix the juice of root vegetables with bee honey. Take a tablespoon five times a day.

Fir oil. Place about 5 drops on a piece of sugar fir oil, then hold in your mouth until completely dissolved.

Aloe juice. On an empty stomach, take a teaspoon of aloe every day, diluted with 50 ml of water.

Mint. Make a mint tea that you can drink and rub on your neck to reduce blood pressure. You can also place oils or mint branches around the house.

Black currant. Brew and use instead of tea. You can eat or add dry fruits to dishes.

Heart drops. To quickly reduce blood pressure, you need to drop a few drops of Corvalol or Valoserdin into a glass and drink it, diluting it with water.

High blood pressure in pregnant women

During pregnancy, high blood pressure is dangerous due to placental abruption and premature birth. Hypertension in expectant mothers requires mandatory consultation with a specialist who will prescribe the necessary treatment and monitor the condition of the woman and the fetus. In addition to basic therapy, several rules should be followed:

exclude coffee, strong tea and chocolate from the diet;

drink beet juice every day;

drink fruit juice or cranberry juice;

massage the occipital fossa;

get more rest, if you have high blood pressure, stay in bed;

walk in warm weather in the fresh air.

If the pressure rises slightly, then treatment is not required if you maintain normal health. If a woman feels unwell, then traditional medicine is indicated.

Chronic hypertension

Chronic hypertension requires conservative treatment using medications. Do not neglect the recommendations of your doctor. Traditional medicine is not a panacea; they provide only a temporary effect and only eliminate symptoms. And so that high blood pressure does not become the beginning of a more serious disease, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of hypertension. You should not delay the examination - every jump in blood pressure makes the blood vessels weak, clogs the blood passage and disrupts brain activity.

A good alternative to medications for hypertension are folk remedies for high blood pressure. This is especially true if the medicine has wide range side effects. Hypertension is a common disease that mostly affects older people. Unfortunately, under the influence of negative factors, the disease is rapidly making people younger, and high blood pressure can be observed in very young people.

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There are many reasons for high blood pressure. These may be stressful situations, a sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, smoking and genetics. People who regularly eat foods high in cholesterol are at risk. Abuse of regular table salt provokes high blood pressure. The reason that influenced the process is not always known. To ensure that such problems arise as rarely as possible, it is recommended to take folk remedies for preventive purposes.

To lower blood pressure, you need to adjust your daily routine, devote more time to sleep, and perform simple gymnastic exercises daily. It is forbidden to overwork, especially mentally. Daily, leisurely walks in the fresh air help normalize blood pressure.

Proper, balanced nutrition is a good preventive measure. You should eat foods with minimal salt and cholesterol content. Excess cholesterol leads to the formation of plaques on the walls of the arteries, they narrow and blood pressure rises.

The diet of a hypertensive patient should include berries, fruits, boiled fish, kefir and fermented baked milk, seaweed. Vegetables that you should eat if you have high blood pressure include:

• potatoes - baked potatoes are very healthy;
• zucchini and cucumbers - due to their diuretic properties, these vegetables bring blood pressure back to normal;
• beets - cleans blood vessels well;
• pumpkin - contains vitamins useful for hematopoiesis;
• turnip - improves the metabolism of substances in the body.

ATTENTION!

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Traditional medicine as prophylactic recommends drinking a drink called kombucha daily. A water infusion of marsh cucumber is a good remedy for high blood pressure. It has the ability to reduce heart rate by dilating peripheral blood vessels. There are no restrictions for taking the infusion; it can be consumed continuously up to 3-4 glasses per day.

There are folk remedies for increasing blood pressure that are time-tested. Viburnum has a calming, diuretic effect and strengthens blood vessels. Treatment of pressure traditional methods using viburnum is very effective. During a hypertensive crisis, you can eat a handful of fresh healing berries. This will quickly lower your blood pressure. Systematic treatment of high blood pressure using traditional methods based on the use of viburnum occurs according to several recipes:

1. Pour 2 cups of fresh viburnum into 2 liters of boiling water and leave in a warm place for at least 10 hours. After this, the tincture is filtered, and the remaining berries are squeezed out as much as possible. Add 400 g of May honey to the resulting decoction. The finished infusion should be stored in a cool, dark place. Take half a glass 2 times a day for 25 days.
2. The required amount of well-washed and dried viburnum berries is steamed in the oven over low heat for about 2 hours. After this, the viburnum is ground using a large sieve, a little honey is added, a little cold water is added and put into the oven for another 15 minutes. Take 4 tbsp. spoons 20 minutes before meals for a month.
3. Instead of the usual tea, which contributes to the development of hypertension, you can drink an infusion of fresh viburnum berries with sugar or honey, poured with boiling water. It can be consumed daily, preparing a fresh portion each time. This drink is not prepared for future use. It is made very simply: a couple of tbsp. Grind a tablespoon of fresh viburnum with sugar and pour boiling water over it. The infusion is ready for use.

If your blood pressure is high, you can use a remedy such as viburnum bark. Pour boiling water over a spoonful of bark and leave for about half an hour. Drink half a glass 2 times a day.

There is a good remedy for high blood pressure. Honey, when used regularly, can reduce high rate up to normal. By eating a few spoons of sweet medicine every day, you can normalize your blood pressure. A good and simple recipe: dissolve a tablespoon of honey in a glass of warm boiled water and drink it on an empty stomach. The course of treatment lasts 3 months.

The problem of high blood pressure can be solved using folk remedies using this recipe. Honey, lemon juice, beets and radishes are taken in equal quantities. This mixture should stand for 24 hours. Drink a sip 3 times a day for 3 months. This good way normalize blood pressure at home. Unlike pills, you should not expect an instant result, since treatment with honey relieves hypertension gradually. With high blood pressure, treatment takes time, but brings longer lasting results.

Elderly people often have high blood pressure; treatment with folk remedies for them involves the use of a remedy such as sesame seeds mixed with honey. To combat hypertension, 200 g of ground black sesame is mixed with 150 g of honey. Add warm water to the mixture by eye. To relieve high blood pressure, take 1 glass twice a day.

To normalize indicators at home, use a mixture of hawthorn fruits, honey and cinnamon. The mixture relieves the problem of pressure by strengthening blood vessels. Mix a spoonful of cinnamon powder with a glass of boiling water and add half a glass of dried hawthorn fruit. Simmer over low heat for 35 minutes. For hypertension, drink 5 spoons per dose. This remedy helps very well against high blood pressure.

The problem of low blood pressure is no less pressing. With low blood pressure, a person becomes lethargic, apathetic, experiences weakness and constant headaches. Traditional medicine tells how to treat low blood pressure with folk remedies. You can increase blood pressure using folk remedies as effectively as synthetic drugs, but more secure.

There are folk remedies for lowering blood pressure, which are not difficult to prepare. For cooking onion broth Take 3 small onions, add a liter of purified water, add 120 g of sugar and boil for about half an hour over low heat. To raise low blood pressure, drink the resulting infusion half a glass at a time during the day. To gradually increase low blood pressure, the medicine is used for 2 months.

If you have low blood pressure, you should eat fresh celery every day as the main component of salads. The treatment of low blood pressure has a positive effect from consuming grapes and fresh grape juice, preferably dark varieties. For low blood pressure, immortelle tincture helps well. To normalize blood pressure at home, prepare the following remedy: 100 g of small, dry immortelle is poured with a liter of vodka, left for 3 days, and then taken according to Art. spoon twice a day.

You can raise your blood pressure at home with an alcohol tincture of Leuzea safflower. The herb can be found at the pharmacy or from herbalists at the market. To increase blood pressure at home, Art. a spoonful of Leuzea roots is poured with 2 glasses of vodka and placed in a dark place for 4 weeks. After the infusion, you should drink 25 drops three times a day at reduced pressure, 25 minutes before meals. You can raise blood pressure using folk remedies using an alcohol tincture of ginseng root. This is a healing plant for low blood pressure. For a tincture for low blood pressure, take 1 spoon of the roots and pour 2 glasses of vodka, leave in a cool, dark place for 12 days and take a spoonful in the morning on an empty stomach. This is a good remedy for low blood pressure, it helps quickly, so as soon as the situation stabilizes, you should stop taking it. In the future, you should use the recipe for an infusion for low blood pressure only if the need arises.

You can increase your blood pressure at home with the help of the Aralia plant. It helps well with low blood pressure. A tincture is prepared in a 70% alcohol solution. 1 tbsp. a spoonful of Manchurian aralia roots is poured into 6 tbsp. spoons of alcohol. Infuse for a week in a dark, dry place, then strain. Take 25 drops before meals twice a day for a month. This is a time-tested method of raising blood pressure using folk remedies.

Methods to normalize this important indicator folk remedies are very effective and have a beneficial effect on the body, as they contain a minimum of harmful substances.

It is not for nothing that in homeopathy, herbs and fruits of medicinal plants are widely used to stabilize blood pressure at home.

And a little about secrets...

• headache, blurred vision, black dots before the eyes (floaters)...
• rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath even after the slightest physical exertion...
• chronic fatigue, apathy, irritability, drowsiness...
• swelling, sweating, numbness and chills of the fingers...
• pressure surges...

Are these symptoms familiar to you firsthand? And judging by the fact that you are reading these lines, victory is not on your side. That is why we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the new method of E. Malysheva, who has found an effective remedy for treating hypertension and cleaning blood vessels.

Introduction

According to statistics, about 30% of the world's population suffers from arterial hypertension. How dangerous is this disease? Mainly because it is most directly related to diseases of the cardiovascular system. 60-70% of patients who have had a stroke have arterial hypertension - the most important factor in the development of vascular atherosclerosis, coronary disease heart (one of the variants of the course of which is myocardial infarction).

The problem of arterial hypertension has been known in medicine for a long time. In most cases, the disease can be treated traditional treatment. But we are not used to monitoring our health, and this makes early detection of the disease difficult. If a diagnosis is made, we delay starting treatment, do not follow doctors’ recommendations, cannot give up destructive bad habits, or engage in self-medication. But if the disease is neglected, the health consequences can be catastrophic.

In this book you will not find miraculous healing recipes or exclusive healing techniques. The described treatment methods can be found in any serious medical publication devoted to the problem of arterial hypertension. I would also like to note that this book is not a textbook on medicine. The drugs and non-drug treatments mentioned in this publication should not be considered the only possible or the best. Indications and contraindications for the prescription of certain drugs and methods of therapy, as well as doses and timing of treatment, are determined by the doctor, individually in each specific case.

The purpose of the book is to help the reader navigate the methods of diagnosing hypertension, understand the main directions of drug therapy, traditional medicine recipes, and introduce methods of preventing the disease.

Arterial hypertension is a sign of trouble in the body. Therefore, due to the serious threat that hypertension poses to life and health, independent treatment of this condition is unacceptable.

If you understand the damage uncontrolled high blood pressure causes to your health, start monitoring your well-being, think about how healthy your lifestyle is, sacrifice some bad habits and simply consult a doctor on time, you will have already taken the first step towards health and longevity.

Structure and function of the cardiovascular system

This vital system of the body includes, as the name suggests, the heart and blood vessels. All tissues of our body require a constant flow of nutrients and oxygen. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, microelements and other nutrients enter the body with food, in gastrointestinal tract they are digested and, when crushed, are absorbed into the blood (the walls of the stomach and intestines are penetrated by small blood vessels). They are carried throughout the body through the bloodstream and delivered to their destination (many substances first pass through the liver, which neutralizes substances toxic to the body). Oxygen with the inhaled air enters the lungs, where, through a system of branching bronchi, it reaches their final sections - the alveoli, special sacs through the walls of which oxygen seeps into the blood vessels adjacent to them. Carbon dioxide passes from the vessels into the alveoli, which is removed with the exhaled air.

Thus, blood vessels are needed to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs of our body, as well as to remove metabolic waste products. The heart is a pump that drives blood through the vessels.

Oxygen is vital for the body. From the left side of the heart, blood enriched with oxygen enters the aorta, a large vessel, from where it is distributed by smaller branching arterial vessels throughout the body. This is the arterial vascular system. From the tissues, blood, which has given up oxygen and is saturated with carbon dioxide, enters the vessels of the venous system. Through the veins, the blood reaches the right side of the heart. This closes the so-called systemic circulation.

From the right side of the heart, blood enters the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and is again saturated with oxygen. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left side of the heart. This is the so-called pulmonary circulation. From the left side of the heart, blood flows again into the systemic circle.

Let's try to figure out how the blood pressure in our vessels is formed and regulated. As we already know, this pressure is necessary to drive blood through the vessels and enrich our tissues and organs with oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, this pressure must be stable and sufficient to ensure constant blood supply to all tissues. But at the same time, surges or increases in blood pressure above normal are dangerous and have an extremely negative impact on a person’s health. How does the body maintain balance in this system?

So, blood pressure is maintained by the rhythmic contractions of the heart, which plays the role of a pump that pumps blood into the vessels of the systemic circulation. The walls of some vessels (the so-called resistive vessels - arterioles and precapillaries) are equipped muscle structures, which can contract and, therefore, narrow the lumen of the vessel. This creates resistance to blood flow in the tissue, and it accumulates in the general circulation, increasing systemic pressure.

The role of the heart in the formation of blood pressure is thus determined by the amount of blood that it releases into the vascular bed per unit time. This quantity is defined by the term cardiac output, or cardiac output(MO). The role of resistive vessels is defined as total peripheral resistance(OPS), which depends mainly on the radius of the lumen of the vessels (namely arterioles), that is, on the degree of their narrowing, as well as on the length of the vessels and blood viscosity.

MO and OPS are interconnected. With an increase in the amount of blood ejected by the heart into the vascular bed, the pressure increases. To maintain an adequate level of blood pressure, the smooth muscles of the resistive vessels relax, their lumen increases (that is, total peripheral resistance decreases), blood flows to the peripheral tissues, and systemic blood pressure decreases. And, conversely, with an increase in total peripheral resistance, a decrease in cardiac output occurs.

What blood pressure should be considered elevated?

It should be noted that if a patient has stage I hypertension, this does not mean that he is at less risk of dangerous complications than a patient with III degree yu hypertension. The fact is that most of the cardiovascular complications in patients with hypertension occur in patients with moderate arterial hypertension (grade II), and not with severe arterial hypertension (grade III), as one might assume.

A single increase in blood pressure does not allow a diagnosis of arterial hypertension, but, of course, requires attention. And if during two subsequent therapeutic examinations (with an interval of at least a week) there is also an increase in blood pressure above normal, that is, above 140/90 mm Hg. Art., then the diagnosis of arterial hypertension can be considered justified. Formally, such a diagnosis can be made only after three visits to the doctor.

It is very important to follow a number of rules for measuring blood pressure. Since this procedure can be carried out at home, we will focus on the technique for performing it.

How to measure blood pressure

To measure blood pressure we will need a tonometer and a phonendoscope. This method was developed by the Russian surgeon N. S. Korotkov.

A blood pressure cuff is placed on the patient's shoulder, and air is pumped into the cuff reservoir using a bulb. As a result, the brachial artery is completely compressed and blood flow through it stops. In the area of ​​the elbow bend, above the projection of the brachial artery, the membrane of the stethoscope (phonendoscope) is installed so that it fits tightly to the skin, with light pressure. In this case, it is desirable that the stethoscope attachment does not come into contact with the edge of the cuff or tonometer tubes.

The air is gradually released from the cuff. The speed at which air should be released is about 2 mmHg. Art. per second. As a result, the pressure in the cuff drops. The blood, which is driven through the vessels by the contractions of the heart, under pressure begins to break through the obstacle created by the cuff. When the blood pressure in the vessels becomes greater than the pressure in the cuff, the blood will begin to push through the brachial artery in spurts (at the moment the heart contracts, when the pressure in the vessels is maximum), overcoming the pressure in the cuff. In this case, the blood hits the walls of the narrowed vessel, compressed by the cuff, with force, and the examiner hears these pulsating beats through a phonendoscope.

These sound phenomena are called Korotkoff tones. After the appearance of the first tone, record systolic pressure – the highest blood pressure measured during contraction (systole) of the heart.

Gradually, the pressure in the cuff becomes less and less, and blood passes through the vessel more and more easily. Until the patency of the vessel is completely restored and nothing interferes with the flow of blood, it passes freely without hitting the walls of the vessel, and the sounds disappear. At this moment register diastolic pressure– the lowest blood pressure, measured when the heart muscle is in a relaxed state (diastole) between two contractions, and which largely reflects vascular tone.

In practice, two main types of tonometers are used: mechanical (mostly aneroid) and digital. The first ones are based on the Korotkov technique. Ordinary mechanical tonometer- a device familiar to most people for measuring blood pressure. It has a cuff that is placed on the arm (wound around the shoulder). The cuff is connected by one tube to a bulb, squeezing which pumps air into the cuff. Using a second tube, it is connected to a pressure gauge equipped with a graduated scale.

This method is the standard for examining patients adopted by WHO. Although this is a fairly simple procedure, it is still precise measurements it requires some training and good skill. In addition, the accuracy of this method greatly depends on the state of hearing, vision and the accuracy of the examiner's hand movements. Therefore, electronic (digital) blood pressure monitors are widely used at home.

Digital blood pressure monitors are based on the oscillometric method of measuring blood pressure, which is based on electronic processing of the vibration of the sound wave created in the cuff by heart contractions. The result is displayed digitally on the device monitor. Working with electronic tonometers is simple and eliminates possible errors.

There are automatic devices, which themselves pump and release air from the cuff, and semi-automatic, when you have to pump the air yourself. The disadvantage of all electronic tonometers is that the microphone used in these devices picks up a large amount of extraneous noise. Therefore, there is sensitivity to any changes in pressure in the cuff, which can be caused, for example, by slight movement of the arm or conversation. Also, some of them incorrectly record blood pressure in patients with arrhythmias. In addition to electronic tonometers mounted on the shoulder, there are also electronic tonometers that measure blood pressure on the wrist and even on the finger. In general, the accuracy of electronic tonometers varies among different manufacturers; more accurate and advanced tonometers are somewhat more expensive.

In addition, to receive correct results measurements A number of rules must be strictly followed:

– Before the procedure, you should avoid taking medications that affect blood pressure, as well as eating, coffee and tea.

– You should not smoke for 30 minutes before the procedure.

– Measurements are carried out after a five-minute rest at rest, in a comfortable environment (if the measurements were preceded by physical or emotional stress, then the duration of rest is 30 minutes).

– If the patient’s condition allows, measurements are taken in a sitting position.

– The hand should be placed freely on the table, the fingers of the palm are unclenched, it should be freed from constricting clothing.

– The cuff is placed slightly above the elbow, where the pulse is felt most strongly (the middle of the cuff should be at the level of the heart), its lower edge should be 2 cm above the elbow.

– On average, the length of the cuff is 30-40 cm. In width, it should cover about 2/3 of the length of the shoulder (on average 12-14 cm) or hip (on average 18-20 cm).

– The cuff should be placed so that one finger can be placed under it.

At the first measurement, blood pressure is assessed in both arms. If no significant difference is noted, further measurements can be taken only on the working hand (on the right for right-handers, on the left for left-handers). If the difference is more than 10 mmHg. Art., then they are guided by higher blood pressure and measurements are carried out on the arm with higher pressure.

Blood pressure values ​​obtained from repeated measurements differ from each other, which is associated with physiological variability in human blood pressure. To determine the actual blood pressure value, it is recommended to take a series of repeated measurements at intervals of 1-3 minutes. The average of the three obtained values ​​is taken as the final result. This meticulousness avoids measurement errors.

High blood pressure values ​​can also be obtained if the patient (mostly elderly people) experiences changes in the walls of arterial vessels - their hardening as a result of atherosclerosis. To compress such vessels, greater pressure in the cuff is required.

Other factors that may cause distortion of measurement results:

– malfunction of instruments (tonometer, phonendoscope);

– a tonometer cuff that is not the right size;

– incorrect measurement technique;

– uncomfortable room temperature;

– incorrect position of the subject;

– negative emotional background;

– taking measurements during physical activity, unpleasant (painful) sensations;

– smoking, drinking food, coffee, alcohol, and certain medications.

Types of arterial hypertension

There are two types of arterial hypertension. Primary hypertension considered as an independent disease. Secondary hypertension is a consequence of any underlying disease, one of its manifestations, symptoms.

About 90% of cases of disease are attributed to primary hypertension, which is widely known in our country under the name “hypertension”, and the term essential hypertension. Regardless of what we call the disease, its essence can be defined as follows: it is an independent chronic illness, the main manifestation of which is an increase in blood pressure, not associated with any disease. That is, the diagnosis of hypertension can only be made after all other possible reasons increased blood pressure.

In addition to hypertension, blood pressure can also increase in a number of other diseases, when there is primary damage to any organs and systems. And as a result of this lesion, a disturbance in the pressure regulation system is formed for the second time and, as a consequence, - arterial hypertension. An increase in blood pressure may be accompanied, for example, by diseases of the kidneys, endocrine or nervous systems, pathological conditions of pregnant women, etc. All these conditions are combined with the term secondary, or symptomatic, hypertension, that is, an increase in blood pressure in in this case- just one of the symptoms of the underlying disease. Note that symptomatic hypertension accounts for 10% of cases of high blood pressure. This means that most people with fairly high blood pressure suffer from hypertension.

Reasons for the development of the disease

Heredity plays a significant role in the development of hypertension. About 80% of patients have relatives with high blood pressure.

However, in most cases, hereditary predisposition is not enough for the development of the disease. Gene disorders will appear only in the presence of provoking external factors.

These factors are:

– excess body weight;

– neuropsychic stress;

– increased consumption table salt;

- eating food with high content saturated fatty acids, lack of potassium, calcium, magnesium;

- sedentary lifestyle;

– smoking;

– alcohol abuse.

Thus, hypertension is a disease that is based on a whole complex of causes, and their combined action leads to an imbalance in normal operation mechanisms regulating blood pressure.

Symptoms of the disease

It is clear that the main symptom of hypertension is the actual increase in blood pressure. What else does a person with high blood pressure complain about? A fairly common complaint is headaches of a very diverse nature. Dizziness, tinnitus, fast fatiguability, decreased performance, memory impairment. In some cases, neurotic disorders appear: frequent mood swings, emotional instability, irritability, depression, sleep disorders.

We already know that this disease provokes the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) or worsens its course. It is not surprising that most people suffering from hypertension experience pain in the heart area. The main manifestation of IHD is angina pectoris (angina pectoris), that is, attacks of pain behind the sternum (or at its left edge), usually occurring during physical or emotional stress.

Angina pectoris is characterized by dull, squeezing, pressing, burning, boring pain, radiating to the left arm, under left shoulder blade, in the neck, lower jaw. The pain subsides when the exercise is stopped and quickly disappears when taking nitroglycerin.

However aching pain or a feeling of heaviness in the heart area, which occurs when blood pressure rises and disappears when it decreases, is not always related to coronary artery disease. Similar symptoms may be associated with taking drugs such as diuretics, cardiac glycosides, reserpine, guanethidine, etc., which are used in the treatment of hypertension.

Another alarming signal is visual disturbances in the form of flickering spots, sparks, curved lines, and fog before the eyes.

High blood pressure sometimes leads to nosebleeds. Also, patients suffering from hypertension may be bothered by rapid heartbeat, interruptions in heart rhythm, etc.

If the disease reaches stage I or II, then the consequences of all those target organ lesions, which will be discussed below, may appear. These are disorders cerebral circulation– from transient disorders to strokes. This includes coronary heart disease – up to the development of myocardial infarction. These include damage and dysfunction of the kidneys - up to the development of chronic renal failure.

Target organs

As we have already said, hypertension is a chronic disease. Once it arises, it becomes a constant companion of a person.

Any chronic disease occurs with alternating periods of deterioration (exacerbation) and improvement (remission). The same can be said about hypertension. There are fluctuations in periods of increase and decrease in blood pressure. However, in general, there is stabilization of blood pressure at high values.

In a significant proportion of cases, the onset of the disease goes unnoticed. The patient is unlikely to be able to indicate the day, month or even year of onset of the disease. In such cases, an increase in blood pressure is discovered by chance, for example, during periodic preventive examinations.

However, sooner or later the disease makes itself known. High blood pressure gradually causes damage to organs sensitive to it - they are called target organs.

It is target organ damage that poses the main threat to health and is characterized by a number of symptoms that form the clinical picture of the disease (in addition to high blood pressure itself). And identifying these symptoms, including laboratory and instrumental methods, allows you to determine the diagnosis, stage and prognosis of the disease for a particular person.

Heart damage

One of the early manifestations of the heart in arterial hypertension is a violation of the active relaxation of the left ventricle in the diastole phase, i.e., the diastolic function of the left ventricular myocardium. Let us recall that in the diastole phase the left ventricle actively relaxes, its cavity expands and fills with blood coming from the pulmonary circulation (passed through the lungs and saturated with oxygen). During the systole phase, the ventricle contracts and releases blood into the systemic circulation. When the ventricle cannot fully relax during the diastole phase, its chamber does not expand enough and cannot accept the entire required volume of blood. Consequently, a smaller volume of blood will enter the systemic circle during the systole phase.

With arterial hypertension, the heart has to overcome additional stress in order to pump blood into the systemic circulation. This is the so-called. The main job of overcoming high blood pressure falls on the left ventricle of the heart. He has to contract more intensely. Under conditions of chronic stress, the myocardium (heart muscle) occurs structural changes, metabolic processes are activated. We know that athletes subject their body muscles to regular physical activity to increase their strength and endurance. The main universal mechanism of adaptation (adaptation) to high loads- This is muscle hypertrophy, that is, an increase in muscle mass.

The human heart is also a muscle and also undergoes hypertrophy; an increase in its mass will be manifested by thickening of the walls, in particular of the left ventricle.

However, left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension is not as harmless as an increase in muscle mass in athletes. In the hypertrophied myocardium, structural changes occur that disrupt its full functioning; Part muscle tissue is replaced by connective tissue, blood supply is disrupted and normal conduction electrical impulses in the myocardium.

Sooner or later, as the disease progresses and there is no proper treatment, the left ventricle ceases to cope with the load. The adaptive reserves of the myocardium are depleted. Decompensation occurs, manifested by weakening of the heart muscle.

With timely treatment and removal of the load in the form of increased pressure from the left parts of the heart, the walls of the left ventricle acquire their previous thickness, and its contractility is restored.

Violation of the diastolic (relaxation and filling with blood) and then systolic (contraction and ejection of blood) functions of the left ventricle leads to the development of circulatory failure.

Circulatory failure is a manifestation of a violation of the pumping function of the heart. The heart pumps blood ineffectively, blood flow slows down, blood stagnation occurs, and swelling appears. The rapid onset of circulatory failure is facilitated by myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, as well as concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus and severe infections.

Hypertension is undoubtedly a provoking factor for the development of vascular atherosclerosis, in particular the coronary vessels that feed the heart muscle. Atherosclerotic plaques narrow the lumen of the vessel, and the normal blood supply to the myocardium is disrupted. The heart begins to lack oxygen. This condition is called ischemia. A disease known as coronary heart disease (CHD) develops.

The extreme manifestation of coronary heart disease is myocardial infarction. It develops when atherosclerotic narrowing of the vessels supplying the heart is accompanied by a sudden spasm and/or blockage of the vessel by a blood clot. As a result, the blood supply to the myocardial area is completely stopped, leading to the death of its cells. It has been proven that high blood pressure worsens the course and prognosis of myocardial infarction. Such threatening conditions as shock and pulmonary edema develop. The likelihood of death increases.

With hypertension, such forms of heart rhythm disturbances as atrial fibrillation and flutter, extrasystole, atrioventricular block, and tachycardia are possible. More often, arrhythmias occur in the later (second and third) stages of the disease. The development of arrhythmias is also facilitated by uncontrolled, illiterate use of certain medications that lower blood pressure.

Damage to large vessels

Under conditions of prolonged increase in pressure, the walls of arterial vessels of the elastic type become rigid (rigid), lose flexibility and pliability.

More than 90% of cases of dissecting aortic aneurysm are associated with hypertension. Dissecting aortic aneurysm is a very dangerous, but fortunately rare complication. Atherosclerotic changes, decreased elasticity and other structural changes make the aortic wall extremely vulnerable, which can lead to protrusion of the vessel wall, or aneurysm. Naturally, in the area of ​​the aneurysm, the aortic wall stretches and thins. If you do not reduce the blood pressure in the vessel and restore its wall ( surgically), sooner or later the aorta ruptures at the site of the aneurysm, and a massive internal bleeding With fatal.

Kidney damage

Kidney damage of varying severity occurs in most patients with hypertension.

In response to increased pressure, the kidney vessels contract, their lumen narrows, and blood flow in the kidneys decreases. Subsequently, structural changes in the renal vessels occur. One of the mechanisms underlying these changes is the saturation of the walls of blood vessels, in particular arterioles, with blood plasma, the deposition of hyaline in them and the development of the phenomena of sclerosis and necrosis of arterioles.

The altered vessels do not supply the kidney tissue with enough blood, and it dies. Nephrosclerosis develops (from the Greek. nephros– kidney), or the so-called primary wrinkled buds. The replacement of functioning renal tissue with connective tissue causes disruption of the kidneys, that is, renal failure develops.

Brain damage

Brain damage is one of the most common and dangerous complications of hypertension. Chronic increase in blood pressure causes structural changes in the blood vessels of the brain. In particular, hypertrophy occurs, that is, thickening of the vascular wall. At the same time, the lumen of the blood vessels narrows, their tendency to spasm (narrowing) increases, and their ability to relax (dilate) decreases. In hypertension, cerebral vessels become a vulnerable point, and the risk of cerebrovascular accidents increases significantly.

An early manifestation of vascular disorders in the brain during hypertension is headaches.

Hypertension is complicated by both transient (temporary) cerebrovascular accidents and strokes. A stroke can be caused by persistent, acute disturbances in the blood supply (ischemia) to a region of the brain with its subsequent necrosis (infarction) or hemorrhage into the brain tissue or subarachnoid space. The incidence of acute cerebrovascular accidents in patients suffering from hypertension is 9 times higher than in people with normal blood pressure.

Eye damage

In hypertension, the vessels of the retina are also affected. This pathological condition is called hypertensive angioretinopathy. The patient complains of short-term decreased vision and shiny lines before the eyes. Examination of the fundus reveals characteristic changes caused by spasm of the retinal and cerebral vessels. As the disease progresses, these changes become more obvious, dark spots appear before the eyes, and vision deteriorates.

At the doctor

A visit to your doctor begins with collecting complaints and anamnesis (the history of your illness and some circumstances of your life). After you talk about your problems, the doctor will conduct an examination.

We know that increased blood pressure is the main manifestation of essential hypertension. And of course, the results of blood pressure measurements, carried out according to all the rules that were discussed above, will be decisive during the examination. To clearly judge the presence of chronic high blood pressure, arterial hypertension should be recorded in three measurements with an interval of 7 days.

The next stage of the examination is laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods. At this stage, it will be possible to determine the stage of the disease, the presence of complications from target organs, and also exclude other causes of increased blood pressure.

Additional Research

The success of treating hypertension sometimes largely depends on how accurately diagnostic studies and tests were performed.

Laboratory examination methods:

- general urine analysis;

– general (clinical) blood test (electrolytes: K+, Na+; main indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism).

Instrumental examination methods:

– electrocardiography (ECG);

– 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM);

– Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram;

– Doppler ultrasound (USDG) of the upper and lower extremities and carotid arteries;

– echocardiography (ECHOCG);

– ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the kidneys;

– examination of the vessels of the fundus (ophthalmoscopy).

All research conducted will help determine the following questions:

– is there a chronic stable increase in blood pressure, is it really possible to make a final diagnosis (essential hypertension);

– whether other causes leading to increased blood pressure, that is, secondary (symptomatic) hypertension, have been excluded;

– what is the stage of the disease and the degree of hypertension;

– what is the risk of developing cardiovascular complications.

By answering these questions, the attending physician will be able to assess the prognosis of the disease and decide on treatment tactics. But first it is necessary to understand the modern classification of essential hypertension.

The degree of increase in blood pressure and the stage of the disease

The degree of increase in blood pressure to a certain extent corresponds to the stage of the disease, which in turn determines treatment tactics.

Stage I. Stage of functional impairment, reversible. There is an increase in blood pressure (up to 160-170/90 - 100 mm Hg), but there is no damage to target organs. Blood pressure may return to normal, then rise above normal again. In this case, patients complain of weakness, headache, and poor sleep.

Stage II. The pressure remains stable within the range of 180-200/105–110 mmHg. Art. If in stage I the pressure can drop on its own, then in stage II you cannot do without taking medications.

Moderate target organ damage appears. Patients complain of poor sleep, pain in the heart, headache, dizziness, nausea and insomnia.

Stage III. The pressure reaches 200-230/115–120 mm Hg. Art. and holds up quite firmly.

Pronounced changes in target organs appear with obvious manifestations:

– with heart damage – angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure;

– in case of brain damage – transient cerebrovascular accidents, strokes; vascular dementia, hypertensive encephalopathy;

– eye damage – hemorrhages or exudates, disc swelling optic nerve;

– kidney damage – increased creatinine levels above 2 mg/dl, chronic renal failure;

– damage to large vessels – dissecting aortic aneurysm, symptomatic occlusion of the arteries.

Borderline arterial hypertension

As we have already mentioned several times, essential hypertension is accompanied by relatively constant increase blood pressure level. In order to define conditions when only periodic, unstable and fairly low rises in blood pressure are noted, the term - borderline arterial hypertension(PAG).

Previously, it was believed that borderline arterial hypertension was characterized by increases in blood pressure to the following values: from 140/90 to 159/94 mm Hg. Art. Now they are inclined to values ​​from 140/90 to 149/94 mmHg. Art.

It is in order to distinguish borderline arterial hypertension from already developed hypertension that it is recommended to carry out three measurements of blood pressure at weekly intervals in persons with newly diagnosed hypertension.

Conditions characteristic of borderline arterial hypertension:

– high blood pressure decreases without taking medications;

– there are no lesions of other target organs;

– the increase in blood pressure is primary in nature, that is, it is not symptomatic (secondary hypertension).

Borderline hypertension can occur:

– in athletes;

– when employed in hazardous work;

– with psychoneuroses;

– during menopause in women;

– with alcohol abuse.

It must be said that psychosomatic mechanisms associated with psychological factors, and for more effective treatment The personal characteristics of people suffering from borderline arterial hypertension should be taken into account.

Treatment of hypertension

General principles

What are the goals of treating hypertension? We already know that the insidiousness of this disease is that it causes various cardiovascular complications. Accordingly, the main goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of these complications, which depends on the degree of hypertension, the presence of unfavorable factors that worsen the prognosis (risk factors), and the presence of target organ damage. This means that it is necessary: ​​firstly, to reduce blood pressure to a safe level; secondly, eliminate those risk factors that can be corrected; thirdly, protect target organs and reduce the degree of damage to them.

A very important question: to what level should blood pressure be reduced or how much of a reduction will be sufficient?

In 1999, the World Health Organization and the International Organization on Arterial Hypertension adopted the so-called target blood pressure levels that should be strived for in the treatment of patients:

– below 140/90 mm Hg. Art. – in the general population of patients with arterial hypertension;

– below 130/85 mm Hg. Art. – in patients with arterial hypertension, suffering from diabetes mellitus without kidney damage in the form of proteinuria (protein in the urine);

– below 120/75 mmHg. Art. – in patients with arterial hypertension, suffering from diabetes mellitus with kidney damage in the form of proteinuria (protein in the urine);

– below 120/75 mmHg. Art. – in patients with arterial hypertension and chronic renal failure.

It should be noted that such values ​​in practice are not always achievable in all patients. Therefore, treatment requires an individual approach, taking into account all possible circumstances, which are usually clarified through closer cooperation between the attending physician and the patient.

Non-drug treatment and medication are not two different treatment approaches that should be opposed to each other. On the contrary, they complement each other and make treatment more effective. Long-term studies have proven that at certain stages of the disease, drug correction of blood pressure is mandatory and the earlier it is started, the less likely there are severe complications. In addition, in developed countries it has been possible to significantly reduce mortality from myocardial infarction and stroke precisely thanks to effective programs of timely drug treatment.

The general treatment tactics, as we have already said, are determined by the degree of risk of cardiovascular complications.

If the risk of complications is low, they are first limited to non-drug treatment (lifestyle correction, elimination of harmful factors, etc.), and blood pressure levels and risk factors are monitored throughout the year. If after 12 months hypertension persists, that is, blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. Art., then it is further recommended to switch to medications. If it is possible to maintain normal blood pressure using non-drug methods, then they are limited to it.

At average risk, non-drug treatment and observation are also first carried out (but only for three months), followed by a revision of treatment tactics.

At a high and very high risk of complications, treatment with antihypertensive drugs is immediately prescribed. At the same time, there remains a need for non-drug measures (lifestyle correction, combating harmful factors, etc.).

Non-drug treatment

As we found out in the previous chapter, non-drug treatment has no contraindications. It is recommended for all patients, regardless of whether they are taking medication or not, since it itself can achieve some reduction in blood pressure.

These methods of treating hypertension can reduce the dose of medications (and therefore reduce their side effects), can eliminate some risk factors and, therefore, reduce the likelihood of complications of hypertension.

Reducing excess body weight

Excess body weight is one of the the most important factors, causing an increase blood pressure. Studies show that an average weight gain of 1 kg increases systolic blood pressure by somewhere between 1 and 2 mm Hg. Art. In addition, obesity reduces the effectiveness of drug therapy, and concomitant diabetes mellitus becomes more difficult. But reducing excess weight by 5 kg leads to a decrease in systolic pressure approximately 5 mm Hg. Art. and diastolic - by approximately 2 mm Hg. Art., improves the course of diabetes, has a beneficial effect on factors such as high levels of lipids in the blood, left ventricular hypertrophy.

Stop smoking

It is known that nicotine causes vasoconstriction, that is, it increases blood pressure. If a person smokes, the disease is more likely to develop malignant course, is accompanied by various complications, and blood pressure is less amenable to correction.

Quitting smoking is a good prevention of hypertension. In addition, it is an effective remedy in the fight against an already developed disease.

Quitting smoking is a very difficult task. Much depends on your willpower, your smoking history, and your environment at home and at work.

Reducing table salt in the diet

Salt in excess amounts causes fluid retention in the body, which passes into the vascular bed and thereby increases blood pressure. In addition, salt increases the sensitivity of blood vessels to vasoconstrictor active substances.

This non-drug method works most effectively in the so-called “salt-sensitive” form of arterial hypertension. In such cases, it is recommended to limit salt intake to 3 g per day, and liquid intake to 1.2–1.5 liters.

In other situations, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of table salt to 4–5 g per dose (a teaspoon without a pea). To control the amount of salt consumed, give preference to natural products, since semi-finished products, canned food, smoked products, sausages, etc. have a fairly high content.

Reducing alcohol consumption

Ethyl alcohol disrupts the regulation of vascular tone. Being enough high-calorie product, may affect body weight. In addition, it reduces the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.

Acceptable daily dose alcohol in terms of pure ethanol is no more than 20-30 g for men (which corresponds to 50-60 ml of vodka, 200-250 ml of dry wine, 500-600 ml of beer) and 10-20 g for women.

Building an optimal diet

Basic principles proper nutrition:

– variety of diet according to the main nutrients(proteins, fats, carbohydrates), as well as vitamins and microelements;

– limited consumption of high-calorie foods, intake of easily digestible carbohydrates and fats;

– balance between energy intake from food and its expenditure (that is, the number of calories consumed and expended);

– proper diet (eating 4-5 times a day in small portions).

Enriching your diet with foods rich in potassium, magnesium and calcium

Let's list potassium-rich foods: apricots, beans, seaweed, prunes, raisins, peas, potatoes, beef, pork, cod, hake, mackerel, squid, oatmeal, green peas, tomatoes, beets, radishes, green onions, currants, grapes , apricots, peaches.

The attending physician may recommend taking medications containing potassium, magnesium, and easily absorbed calcium salts (citrate and carbonate).

Dosed physical activity

It is known that physical inactivity, that is, reduced physical activity, is a risk factor for the development of hypertension. Therefore, it is very important to compensate for the lack of movement that is associated with a sedentary, sedentary lifestyle.

It has been noted that regular physical exercise reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure by an average of 5–10 mmHg. Art. Walking with a gradual acceleration of the step and swimming for 30-45 minutes 3-4 times a week are recommended. In contrast, isometric (static) exercise, such as heavy lifting, can raise blood pressure.

Physical exercise must be approached thoughtfully, taking into account your initial shape and state of health. Start with minimal loads and do not rush to increase their intensity. For example, when walking, gradually increase your speed and distance while monitoring how you feel and your heart rate.

If you have already developed hypertension or have other diseases, then any loads should be agreed upon with your doctor, and the regimen and intensity of exercise should be developed together with a specialist in physical therapy (physical therapy).

Fighting nervous tension

Try to avoid different stressful situations. For example, don’t get carried away with watching TV, meet with friends, have small holidays, relax more often, smile. Do not accumulate negative emotions (aggression, anger, malice, envy, resentment), try to think about something positive. You shouldn’t be left alone with your problems; share your experiences with loved ones.

Auto-training and relaxation will help you fight negative emotions. breathing exercises, psychotherapy.

Sometimes patients suffering from arterial hypertension with a labile nervous system are recommended to take mild sedatives.

Organization of a healthy work and rest regime

Avoid excessive fatigue, especially chronic fatigue. It is useful to alternate between different types of activities, for example, mental work with a little exercise. Stick to your diet. Sleep at least 8–9 hours a day. It is advisable to go to bed and get up at the same time so as not to disrupt the biological rhythms of sleep and wakefulness. If you suffer from insomnia, try taking evening walks in the fresh air before going to bed, take a warm (not hot) bath, do not eat at night, consult with your doctor about the choice of sedatives, especially mild ones, plant origin.

Drug therapy

– Prescribing medications does not free you from adhering to a correct lifestyle, that is, it does not cancel all the prescriptions given above. Properly selected non-drug treatment and lifestyle correction are a mandatory background for treatment with medications. This makes our therapy more effective.

– Drug therapy is not carried out sporadically - when blood pressure rises, as many mistakenly believe. It is carried out constantly to prevent these rises and stabilize blood pressure at an acceptable safe level. After all, sometimes even a single sudden jump in blood pressure is enough to cause a stroke or heart attack.

– For each patient, the medicine is selected individually, taking into account the threshold of its sensitivity. The same drug affects different people with different effectiveness. One medicine helps some people, while others do better with another.

– Drug treatment begins with small doses, gradually increasing the dose as necessary. At severe course diseases, of course, immediately begin with serious dosages.

– As a rule, therapy is started with one drug (monotherapy); if it is ineffective, an antihypertensive drug from another group is added to the treatment. Sometimes it becomes necessary to combine three or more drugs with by different mechanisms actions.

– If one drug is poorly tolerated, it is replaced with another drug, because the choice of antihypertensive drugs is now quite wide.

– The speed at which blood pressure should be reduced and the level to which it should be reduced is determined by the attending physician based on the patient’s condition. For example, with soft and moderate hypertension acceptable rapid decline blood pressure to normal values. But in case of severe hypertension, blood pressure should be reduced gradually and extremely carefully: with a sharp decrease, cerebral blood supply may be impaired. Blood pressure is also gradually reduced in elderly patients with cerebral atherosclerosis.

– Medicines should provide a more or less stable blood pressure level 24 hours a day. For this purpose, long-acting drugs are used, which are taken once a day and provide an effect for 24 hours.

– It is obvious that treatment is carried out under regular monitoring of blood pressure (especially carefully when selecting and changing medications) at home with periodic visits to the doctor.

– With stable normalization of blood pressure within one year in patients from low and medium risk groups, the attending physician can gradually reduce the dose of the drug to a minimum. At the same time, of course, all recommendations for non-drug support for such a patient remain in force.

Medicines that lower blood pressure

In this chapter we will get acquainted with the antihypertensive (antihypertensive) drugs that are used in modern practice.

There are several groups of these drugs, different in their mechanism of action. There are drugs that dilate blood vessels, there are diuretics, there are drugs that reduce cardiac output, there are drugs that act on the nervous system, and, finally, there are complex drugs.

Which group of medications is best to use? We will look at the features of each of these groups, their advantages and disadvantages.

Currently, the following are used to treat hypertension:

– diuretics;

– B-adrenergic receptor blockers, or B-adrenergic blockers (BAB);

– angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs);

– calcium channel blockers (antagonists) (CCB);

– angiotensin II receptor blockers;

– alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers.

ACE inhibitors

Representatives: captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Renitec, Enam, Ednit), ramipril (Tritapce), perindopril (Prestarium), lisinopril (Privinil), fosinopril (Monopril), cilazapril (Inhibase), quinapril (Accupro), trandolapril (Odrik), moexipril (moex).

Main mechanism of action

ACE blockade leads to disruption of the formation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I; Angiotensin II, as we already know, causes severe vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.

Effects

Reducing blood pressure, reducing hypertrophy of the left ventricle and blood vessels, increasing cerebral blood flow, improving kidney function.

Possible side effects

Allergic reactions: rash, itching, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, mucous membranes of the pharynx, larynx (angioedema), bronchospasm.

Dyspeptic disorders: vomiting, stool disorders (constipation, diarrhea), dry mouth, impaired sense of smell. Dry cough, sore throat.

The most significant side effects: arterial hypotension upon administration of the first dose of the drug, hypotension in patients with narrowing of the renal arteries, impaired renal function, increased potassium levels in the blood (hyperkalemia).

Advantages

Along with the hypotensive effect, the drugs have a beneficial effect on the heart, cerebral vessels, and kidneys; they do not cause disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, or uric acid, which means they can be used in patients with similar metabolic disorders.

Contraindications

Not used during pregnancy.

Despite their great popularity, drugs of this group cause a slow and smaller decrease in blood pressure than drugs of a number of other groups, therefore, in the case of monotherapy, they are more effective at earlier stages, when soft forms hypertension. In more severe forms, it is often necessary to combine them with other antihypertensive drugs.

Beta blockers

Representatives: atenolol (tenormin, tenoblock), alprenolol, acebutalol (sectral), betaxolol, bisoprolol, labetalol, metoprolol (betaloc), nadolol (korgard), oxprenolol (trazicor), pindolol (wisken), propranolol (anaprilin, obzidan, inderal), sotalol , talinolol (cordanum), timolol.

Main mechanism of action

Block beta adrenergic receptors.

There are two types of beta receptors: receptors of the first type are located in the heart, in the juxto-glomerular apparatus of the kidneys, in adipose tissue, and receptors of the second type are in the smooth muscles of the bronchi, pregnant uterus, skeletal muscles, liver, pancreas, etc.

Drugs that block both types of receptors are non-selective. Drugs that block only type 1 receptors are cardioselective, but in large doses they act on all receptors.

Effects

A decrease in cardiac output, a pronounced decrease in heart rate, a decrease in energy consumption for the heart, relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, vasodilation, non-selective drugs - reduce insulin secretion, cause bronchospasm.

Their use is also effective in patients with hypertension: tachycardia, hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, angina pectoris, previous heart attack, hypokalemia.

Possible side effects

Heart rhythm disturbances, vascular spasm of the extremities with impaired circulation in them (intermittent claudication, exacerbation of Raynaud's disease).

Fatigue, headaches, sleep disorders, depression, seizures, tremors, impotence.

Withdrawal syndrome - with sudden withdrawal there is a sharp increase in blood pressure (the drug should be discontinued gradually).

Various dyspeptic disorders, allergic reactions.

Impaired lipid metabolism (tendency to atherosclerosis), impaired carbohydrate metabolism (complications in patients with diabetes).

Bronchospasm (worsening in patients with diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, in particular bronchial asthma).

Some of these side effects are less pronounced or absent with selective beta blockers.

These drugs are mainly used to treat stage I hypertension, although they are also effective for stage I and stage II hypertension.

Calcium channel blockers

Representatives

Dihydropyridines: nifedipine (Corinfar, Cordafen, Cordipine, Phenigidine, Adalat), isradipine, amlodipine (Norvasc), felodipine (Plendil), lacidipine (Latsipil), nicardipine (Loxene), nimodipine (Nimotop), nitrendipine (Bypress).

Phenylalkylamines: verapamil (isoptin, phenoptin), animapil, galopamil, falimapil.

Benzotidisines: diltiazem (cardil, dilzem, dilren), clentiazem.

Main mechanism of action

They block the passage of calcium ions through calcium channels into the cells that form vascular smooth muscle. As a result, the ability of blood vessels to narrow is reduced

(spasm). In addition, calcium antagonists reduce the sensitivity of blood vessels to angiotensin II.

Effects

Lowering blood pressure, slowing and correcting heart rate, reducing myocardial contractility, reducing platelet aggregation.

Possible side effects

Decreased heart rate (bradycardia), heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension), dizziness, headaches, swelling of the extremities, facial redness and fever - hot flashes, constipation.

Diuretics

Representatives

Diuretics from the thiazide group: hydrochlorothiazide, bendroflumetazide, polythiazide, cyclomethiazide.

Diuretics from the thiazide-like group: indapamide (arifon), clopamide, metozalone, mefruzide, chlorthalidone.

Loop diuretics: furosemide (Lasix), ethacrynic acid, bumetanide, torsemide, pyretanide.

Potassium-sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride - are prescribed for hypokalemia.

Main mechanism of action

Reduce the reabsorption of sodium ions from urine in the kidneys. The excretion of sodium and fluid in the urine increases. The volume of fluid in tissues and blood vessels decreases. The volume of circulating blood decreases, blood pressure decreases.

Possible side effects

Negative effect on lipid metabolism (increase total blood cholesterol: increase “bad” cholesterol, which causes atherosclerosis, decrease “good” cholesterol, anti-atherogenic cholesterol).

Negative effect on carbohydrate metabolism (increase blood glucose levels, which is unfavorable for patients with diabetes).

Negative effect on uric acid metabolism (delayed excretion, which means an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood, with the possibility of developing gout).

Loss of potassium in the urine - hypokalemia develops, that is, a decrease in the concentration of potassium in the blood. Potassium-sparing diuretics, on the contrary, can cause hyperkalemia.

Negative effect on the cardiovascular system (increases the risk of coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy).

These side effects occur mainly when using high doses diuretics. In small doses, these drugs do not produce significant side effects while maintaining a good hypotensive effect. In addition, thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in small doses improve the prognosis in patients with essential hypertension and reduce the likelihood of strokes, myocardial infarction and heart failure.

The so-called loop diuretics have a fairly strong and rapid diuretic effect, although blood pressure is reduced slightly less than thiazides. However, they are not suitable for long-term use what is required for hypertension. They are used for hypertensive crises (Lasix intravenously), and they are also used in patients with hypertension in the presence of renal failure. Indicated in the treatment of acute left ventricular failure, edema, obesity.

Potassium-sparing diuretics, while having a diuretic effect, do not cause leaching of potassium in the urine and are prescribed for hypokalemia. One of the representatives of this group, spironolactone, is used together with beta blockers for malignant hypertension due to aldosteronism.

For a long time, diuretics were considered as the main group of drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Then, due to the identification of a number of side effects, as well as the emergence of new classes of antihypertensive drugs, their use began to be limited.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Representatives: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, zolasartan, tazosartan, telmisartan, tosazartan.

Main mechanism of action

Blocks angiotensin type I receptors. The action of angiotensin II is disrupted, which causes vasospasm.

Effects

They inhibit and cause reverse development of hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium and smooth muscles of resistive vessels. Have a protective effect on the kidneys.

Side effects

Dizziness, headaches, cough, hyperkalemia, tachycardia, increased liver enzymes.

Contraindications

Do not use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

This is a relatively new class of drugs. In general, there is a similar effectiveness of this group of drugs and ACE inhibitors. However, the former are better tolerated. That is, they give less often unwanted reactions. However, while angiotensin II receptor blockers are under study, it is too early to draw final conclusions.

Alpha blockers

Representatives: doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin.

Main mechanism of action: drugs block alpha-adrenergic receptors; as a result of disruption of the interaction of norepinephrine with its receptors, its vasoconstrictor effect is eliminated.

Effects

The peculiarity of the drugs is their positive influence on lipid metabolism, with a decrease in susceptibility to vascular atherosclerosis. In addition, alpha-blockers improve the functioning of the urinary system in men with prostate adenoma.

Side effects

Possible headaches, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, fever, digestive disorders, allergic reactions, fluid retention (edema) with prolonged use, palpitations.

Orthostatic hypotension and collapse on the first dose of the drug. The orthostatic reaction is a change in blood flow when moving from a horizontal to a vertical body position. When we stand up, the blood rushes into the lower sections torso, limbs, and the brain lacks blood supply. Normally, mechanisms regulating vascular tone are activated to prevent this. It follows that these drugs should be started with small doses.

How to choose the right drug

We looked at several groups of different drugs that lower blood pressure and are used to treat hypertension. Naturally, the question arises, which drug or group of drugs is preferable?

This dilemma lies entirely within the competence of the attending physician, cardiologist or therapist. Even specialists sometimes find it difficult to navigate among the available abundance of medicines and newly emerging names. Some drugs are still at the stage of study and implementation. New information is constantly emerging about long-proven methods.

It must be admitted that at present there are no clear algorithms for choosing a drug. It is impossible to say that some antihypertensive drugs are preferable to others in all situations.

Sometimes you have to change more than one drug to choose the right one for a particular patient. It should also be taken into account that hypertension is, in fact, not one disease. According to the mechanism of occurrence, several variants of hypertension are distinguished, and in medical practice it is not always possible to clearly distinguish them. But if this is possible, then take into account that for certain options certain groups of antihypertensive drugs are preferable.

During treatment moderate hypertension often limited to the use of one drug. If ineffective, increase the dose, and then, if it does not help, add a second drug (from a different group). Combinations of three drugs are also possible.

At severe hypertension treatment can begin immediately with a combination of 2-3 drugs different actions. This combination makes it possible to summarize the effects of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Moreover, these drugs are used in moderate doses, which reduces their side effects. It is worth considering that not all of these drugs can be combined with each other. Otherwise, therapy may turn out to be not only ineffective, but also unsafe.

The following combinations of drugs are acceptable:

– diuretic + beta-blocker;

– diuretic + ACE inhibitor;

– diuretic + angiotensin II receptor blocker;

– diuretic + calcium antagonist;

– calcium antagonist (dihydropyridines) + beta-blocker;

– calcium antagonist + ACE inhibitor;

– alpha-blocker + beta-blocker.

We repeat once again: do not self-medicate! Pharmacy workers also do not have the right to give recommendations on the choice of medicine, even if they are people with pharmacological education - they cannot be familiar with your situation and do not bear any responsibility for the state of your health. Provide the choice of means and methods of therapy to your doctor.

Help with hypertensive crises

A hypertensive (hypertensive) crisis is a sudden, usually very significant increase in blood pressure. The crisis is accompanied by a sharp increase in all those symptoms of the disease that were previously observed in the patient, and the appearance of new ones. First of all, the condition of the brain, cardiovascular system, and kidneys worsens.

Oddly enough, a sudden rise in blood pressure can also occur in people who have not previously suffered from arterial hypertension. Of course, this requires the presence of some kind of acute situation. For example, with hepatic colic, strangulated hernia, attacks of bronchial asthma, pulmonary edema, myocardial infarction, paroxysmal tachycardia, spinal cord and brain injuries, etc.

In patients with arterial hypertension, a crisis is also provoked by some unfavorable factors that can disrupt the calm course of the disease and lead to a sharp jump in blood pressure. These could be negative emotions, weather changes (in weather dependent people), infectious diseases, abrupt cessation of antihypertensive drugs, etc.

A hypertensive crisis is not always a very high, prohibitive increase in blood pressure. Signs of the development of a crisis situation may appear even when blood pressure is not very high. Let's say in young people or children with mild hypertension, for whom the values ​​are 160/100 mmHg. Art. – this is already noticeable. In older people who suffer from hypertension for a long time, even significant sharp jumps blood pressure may pass without the typical picture of a crisis.

A hypertensive crisis has its own characteristic symptoms, which make it possible to suspect this life-threatening condition. Based on the mechanisms of occurrence and external manifestations (symptoms), three forms of crises can be distinguished.

Neurovegetative or adrenal crises. Their development is associated with pronounced activation of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system and a massive release of its mediators (adrenaline, norepinephrine) into the blood. Systolic pressure increases more than diastolic pressure.

The patient experiences anxiety, a feeling of fear, the skin of the face first turns red, and later may turn pale, sweat appears, the temperature rises, trembling in the hands appears, urination increases, and cardiac arrhythmias are possible.

All these phenomena develop suddenly and can pass just as quickly. This version of the crisis is more favorable than others and is easier to treat. Although, of course, it also poses a danger to life and health and requires immediate treatment.

All these symptoms manifest themselves most clearly during crises associated with pheochromacytoma, which we have already described above.

Water-salt, or edematous crises. This form is associated with excessive water retention in the body.

On the contrary, this state is characterized by lethargy, lethargy, and drowsiness. The person has poor orientation in time and space, is inactive, and pale. The face is puffy and edematous. IN equally increased systolic and diastolic pressure.

Water-salt crises develop gradually and disappear more slowly. However, they often lead to unwanted complications.

Convulsive crises. This severe form is associated with disturbances in the functioning of the brain (cerebral edema develops).

Excitement and severe throbbing headaches are observed. Repeated vomiting occurs. Possible visual disturbances. The crisis ends with convulsions with loss of consciousness, and can be complicated by hemorrhages in the brain and irreversible damage. The patient falls into a coma. Possible death.

In more favorable situations, the patient regains consciousness and gradually recovers. Visual disturbances, disorientation in time and space, and memory impairment (amnesia) still persist for some time.

* * *

Can you feel a crisis approaching? Sometimes yes, but most often people do not feel any symptoms; for most, crises come on suddenly. And what to do in this case, what to do?

“Fast is not always good” - this is the principle of lowering blood pressure during a hypertensive crisis. A rapid decrease in blood pressure (in 30 minutes or less) is required during severe crises, when there is a threat of rapid development of damage to the heart and brain. In other cases, such rates are not only unnecessary, but even undesirable. A sharp decrease in blood pressure leads to depletion of cerebral blood flow in older people, especially if they suffer from cerebral atherosclerosis or have impaired renal function (renal failure), or have previously suffered a stroke. Therefore, in uncomplicated crises, blood pressure is reduced gradually, over 1–2 hours.

Also, you should not lower your blood pressure to the ideal 120/80 mmHg in all situations. Art. For some patients this is simply dangerous. Decrease in systolic pressure to 160 mmHg. Art. may be enough. Diastolic pressure should not be reduced below 100 mmHg. Art.

Let us list the cases when a more significant reduction in pressure is required (to normal values, that is, about 120/80 mm Hg): preeclampsia in pregnant women, dissecting aortic aneurysm, postoperative hypertension with bleeding, acute glomerulonephritis in children and young people.

Treatment of a crisis depends on its form, severity and a number of other factors. It should be taken into account that there are diseases that have manifestations similar to those of a hypertensive crisis.

Only a qualified specialist can correctly assess the patient’s condition and select the appropriate treatment.

Since medical care cannot be provided immediately at home or on the street, you first have to make do on your own.

If you or your relatives suffer from arterial hypertension, then your home medicine cabinet should contain basic medications to quickly lower blood pressure. We have already talked about the treatment of hypertension, where they are used for a long time active drugs, the effect of which develops gradually and lasts up to a day. Such drugs are not intended for the treatment of hypertensive crises. Here we need faster-acting remedies. And vice versa - drugs for stopping crises are in no way suitable for long-term continuous use.

So, it is advisable to have the following drugs in the medicine cabinet: captopril (Capoten), clonidine (clonidine, Gemiton), nifedipine (Corinfar, Cordaflex, Adalat), lasix (furosemide). Of course, in a family where there are hypertensive patients, there must be a tonometer, a reliable mechanical one or a proven electronic one.

In case of hypertensive crisis, the patient should be kept at rest. Let him sit reclining, raising top part bodies. You need to apply heating pads or mustard plasters to your feet, and a moistened cold towel or ice to your head. If the patient is indoors, it is advisable to dim the light; it should not be bright. It is also necessary to reassure the patient; there is no need for excessive excitement here. Therefore, there is no need to create panic. Try to keep your cool. Speak calmly and confidently.

And in any case, you need to call an ambulance (emergency) or seek other available medical help. Receive instructions from the dispatcher. Be sure to tell us what is bothering you and what should be done before the doctor arrives.

Drugs that can be used before the ambulance arrives

To treat a hypertensive crisis, nifedipine 10 mg is usually taken orally. For very elderly patients and people with vascular diseases of the brain, it is better to reduce the dose of nifedipine by half - to 5 mg.

Nifedipine(Corinfar, Cordaflex, Cordipin, Adalat) is available in the form of tablets, capsules, dragees. The drug is taken orally. There are extended-release dosage forms of nifedipine (the so-called “retard forms”) - they are intended for long-term constant control of blood pressure. During a crisis, “retard forms” are not effective.

When should you expect your blood pressure to drop? Remember that too sharp, rapid decrease in blood pressure can be no less dangerous than the crisis itself. The effect of the drug begins within 15-30 minutes (if dissolved under the tongue - after 5-15 minutes; to speed up the action when taken orally, the tablets can be chewed). Blood pressure decreases by about 25%. The effect lasts for 2–6 hours.

Monitor the effect of the drug by repeated blood pressure measurements. A single dose of nifedipine is usually enough to wait for the ambulance to arrive. If a quick visit by a doctor is impossible and the symptoms of a hypertensive crisis persist, then the drug is taken again in the same dose (10 mg) 30-60 minutes or more after the first dose. If necessary, the drug can be repeated at this dose at intervals of 30-60 minutes, until the total dose of the drug taken reaches 60-90 mg.

Contraindications to taking nifedipine:

– not recommended for use in patients with severe coronary heart disease (angina pectoris III-IV functional class, unstable angina, myocardial infarction) and acute disorder cerebral circulation;

– if there is hypersensitivity and allergy to this drug, then other means should be used;

– not used for low blood pressure (hypotension), severe heart failure;

– not used in patients with severe aortic stenosis, in a state of shock, collapse;

Single doses of nifedipine can cause side effects such as headache, dizziness, nausea, redness of the facial skin, and a feeling of hot flashes (the condition resembles the symptoms of a hypertensive crisis itself). In some cases, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) and low blood pressure (hypotension) are observed.

Clonidine(clonidine, hemiton, catapressan) is indicated for the neurovegetative (adrenal) form of hypertensive crisis. The drug is taken orally or dissolved under the tongue in a dose of 0.15 mg (150 mcg). The hypotensive effect occurs within 30-60 minutes. Stores for 4–10 hours.

If after 30-60 minutes the drug has no effect and the ambulance is delayed, then clonidine can be taken again, but at a lower dose of 0.075 mg (75 mcg). If necessary, the drug can be repeated at this dose at intervals of 1 hour, until the total dose of the drug taken reaches 0.8 mg.

When taking the drug, the following adverse reactions may occur: dry mouth, lethargy, drowsiness, nasal congestion.

Furosemide(Lasix) is effective in the water-salt (edematous) version of the crisis. In this form of crisis, Lasix is ​​taken orally in a single dose of 40-80 mg while taking nifedipine (10 mg).

Captopril(Capoten) is taken in a dose of 25 mg sublingually. The drug begins to act within 10 minutes, the hypotensive effect lasts for 4–6 hours.

If the effect does not occur, then, if necessary, repeated doses of captopril 25 mg orally are possible, but only 30-60 minutes after the first dose.

Contraindications to taking captopril:

– increased sensitivity to captopril and other ACE inhibitors;

– pronounced violations kidney function;

– bilateral stenosis (narrowing) of the renal arteries;

– stenosis of the artery of the only kidney;

– stenosis of the aortic mouth and similar blood flow disorders;

– patients after kidney transplantation;

– with hereditary Quincke's edema;

– with primary hyperaldosteronism;

– during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

In severe hypertensive crisis, the patient requires intravenous administration of drugs. IN similar cases drugs are used more strong action. However, they can also cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Therefore, intravenous administration of such drugs as sodium nitroprusside, pentamine, etc. requires strict control and is used only in a hospital setting or by emergency doctors.

There are features of the treatment of crises accompanied by complications in the form of stroke, heart attack, etc., as well as in the convulsive form of the crisis. Such serious conditions require qualified medical care.

Additional means of treatment, prevention and rehabilitation

The methods given below are a good means of prevention and rehabilitation of patients. I repeat: in relation to hypertension, they can be used without drug support only for borderline hypertension or stage I of the disease.

In all other cases additional funds treatment should give way to individually tailored drug therapy. Naturally, the secondary nature of the disease should be excluded, because with symptomatic hypertension it is necessary to look for the root cause of the disease, and not just reduce blood pressure in one way or another.

Additional means such as physical therapy, physiotherapy, and manual therapy have already become firmly established in traditional medicine. So-called alternative medicine – homeopathy, types of reflexology, etc. – are also gaining popularity.

Therapeutic exercise, physiotherapy

It has been proven that physical inactivity (sedentary lifestyle) is one of the factors that provokes arterial hypertension.

Physical exercise normalize blood circulation (blood pressure, pulse, etc.), increase the body’s endurance, making it easier to cope with stress. Physical activity improves blood supply to peripheral tissues, thus reducing the amount of blood in the systemic circulation, which means blood pressure decreases. Physical exercise helps cope with mental tension and stress, that is, it has a positive effect on the nervous system, which plays an important role in the development of the disease.

Selection of funds for physical rehabilitation for people suffering from hypertension depends on the severity of the condition, the stage of the disease, its form, and the individual’s individual characteristics.

The loads increase gradually so that the body has time to adapt to them.

The so-called aerobic exercises (jogging, cycling or exercise bike, cross-country skiing, swimming, dancing, etc.) are very useful, that is, dynamic exercises that are performed for a long time, without breaks.

For older and untrained people, regular walking (preferably in the fresh air) provides sufficient exercise.

In any case, it is advisable to consult with a professional (doctor, exercise therapy methodologist) who will conduct stress tests: on an exercise bike or on a treadmill, evaluate the reaction of your cardiovascular system to a certain load and select necessary complex exercises.

Excessive exertion causes exhaustion. You feel worse. Fatigue, weakness, sleep disturbances, palpitations will occur, and blood pressure will increase, etc. Of course, you should stop and analyze the reasons for this condition and adjust the intensity of the exercises.

A load that is too light will not have the desired effect. But a properly selected load should increase emotional tone and give a charge of vivacity. Each time it will become easier for you to pedal or perform dance moves.

Physiotherapeutic treatments include electrosleep, iodine-bromine, radon, hydrogen sulfide baths, and ultraviolet irradiation.

Therapeutic massage is also useful for hypertension. It helps improve the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, improves metabolism in the body, causes muscle relaxation and thereby reduces vascular spasm.

Homeopathic treatment

In this chapter we will try to reveal the secrets of the popular, but at the same time very mysterious and controversial art of healing, which is based on the principle of treating like with like.

Homeopathy is based on the use of microdoses of those substances that, in large doses, cause manifestations of this disease in a healthy person.

Homeopathic medicines are prepared according to special technologies and laws. The source of medicine can be substances of plant origin, animal tissue, and microelements. The main substance is diluted in alcohol, water, lactose. A dilution is prepared that is a multiple of ten, and is designated: x1, x2, x3, etc. Or a dilution that is a multiple of one hundred, and is designated 1, 2, 3, etc.

Based on the experience of using substances of different concentrations, homeopaths came to the conclusion that it is more effective to use substances in dilutions that are a multiple of three (3, 6, 12 or x3, x6, x12, etc.).

Should be avoided simultaneous administration food and homeopathic medicines.

All prescriptions for treatment with homeopathic remedies must be made by a qualified homeopathic physician. Only he will be able to select a truly effective remedy for a given disease and for a given specific patient.

This is one of the advantages of the homeopathic approach - treatment is carried out taking into account the individual characteristics of the person.

Homeopathic treatment is used at the non-drug stage of hypertension therapy along with other non-pharmacological methods and lifestyle correction. In patients at low and average risk for developing cardiovascular complications, this may be the only form treatment. At high risk, classical drug therapy is also required.

In moderate and severe forms of the disease, homeopathic remedies can be an addition to treatment, but do not replace or exclude modern antihypertensive drugs.

A conscientious homeopathic doctor will never recommend treatment severe forms hypertension only with homeopathic remedies and forget about traditional medicines.

In addition, in acute situations (for example, hypertensive crises, heart attacks, strokes), homeopathy alone often remains powerless. Effective, potent pharmacological agents must also be used here.

Phytotherapy

Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment and prevention of high blood pressure for a long time. They can be combined with traditional therapy. However, it should be remembered that the use of any treatment methods, including herbal medicine, requires consultation with a doctor.

Despite the fact that more and more effective potent drugs are appearing medicinal preparations, interest in medicinal plants is constantly growing. Side effects and allergic reactions to many drugs of synthetic origin increase the practical significance of herbal medicine.

It is advisable to use medicinal plants for hypertension stages I and II. In these cases, a significant and lasting reduction in blood pressure is usually achieved.

Juice treatment

When arterial hypertension is combined with excess body weight, it is advisable to use plants that activate metabolism. In this case, vegetable and fruit juices are a wonderful way to reduce high blood pressure.

For example, beet juice reduces the risk of nocturnal increases in blood pressure. Besides, beet drink It also has many other positive properties that affect the human body.

It is better to drink the drink at night in combination with carrot juice in the following proportion: 1 part beet juice and 4 parts carrot juice. Take no more than 100 ml per day.

Also, if you have high blood pressure, it is recommended to prepare a mixture of equal amounts (1 glass each) of juices carrots, beets, black radish with the addition of the juice of 1 lemon and 1 glass of honey. To stir thoroughly. Take the drink 1 hour before meals, 2-3 times a day, 1 tablespoon.

Watermelon juice It is also considered a useful addition to the diet of people suffering from high blood pressure. Folic acid, fructose, microelements, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP have been isolated from watermelon pulp. It is advisable regular use watermelons for atherosclerosis, as it helps remove cholesterol from the body and also has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.

Grapefruit used in dietary nutrition, it has a beneficial effect on the digestive system, reduces high blood pressure and has an effect that increases immunity. It is recommended to take 1/4 cup of grapefruit juice 30 minutes before meals.

Apples contain a large number of various vitamins, microelements and organic acids necessary to the human body to raise vitality. People suffering from high blood pressure are advised to take Apple juice 15 minutes before meals, 1/2 cup.

An excellent remedy for high blood pressure is cranberry juice . Cranberries contain citric, benzoic, quinic, ursolic acids, vitamin C, vaccinin glycoside, and pectin substances. Cranberry juice is recommended to be used as a weak vasodilator with angina pectoris.

To prepare cranberry juice, you need to take 1 kg of fresh cranberries, mash the berries well with granulated sugar in equal proportions. Take 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 3 weeks, after which it is necessary to take a break for 1 week. You can then continue taking the mixture.

Juice aloe arborescens (the plant is also known as agave) also helps reduce high blood pressure.

Large aloe leaves are torn off, washed and squeezed out the juice. Take only freshly squeezed juice before meals, diluting 3 drops of juice in 1 teaspoon of boiled cold water.

Onion juice also helps normalize high blood pressure. You need to take 3 kg of onions, squeeze the juice out of it, then add 500 g of honey and walnuts. Pour the mixture with 1/2 liter of vodka. Seal the container with the mixture and leave in a dark place for 10 days. Take the finished product 2-3 times a day, 1 tablespoon.

Characteristics of some medicinal plants

Hawthorn blood red

For medicinal purposes, hawthorn flowers are used, collected at the very beginning of flowering, as well as fruits without stalks at full maturity. The plant is used for cardiac disorders, vegetative neuroses, and high blood pressure.

Hawthorn and drugs created on its basis have a beneficial effect on cerebral and coronary blood supply, can reduce nervous excitability, and eliminate symptoms of arrhythmia and tachycardia. These drugs are especially well tolerated by older people. Traditional medicine recommends using an infusion of hawthorn fruits during menopause.

For high blood pressure, as well as menopause and vegetative neuroses, an infusion of blood-red hawthorn fruits is recommended.

Pour 10 g of fruits into 1 glass of water at room temperature. Cover the dish with a lid and place in a water bath for approximately 10-15 minutes. Then cool at room temperature and strain. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.

In addition to the infusion to reduce blood pressure, you can prepare a tincture from hawthorn fruits.

Pour 10 g of flowers into 100 g of vodka or 70% alcohol, seal tightly and leave for 10 days. Then strain the tincture. Store in a dark container. Take 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals, 20-30 drops. The course of treatment is 20-25 days.

Spring adonis, or Montenegrin

The above-ground part of the herb is used for medicinal purposes. Adonis should be collected when it blooms or during the fruiting period.

This plant is used for diseases of the cardiovascular system, in particular for chronic circulatory failure, and also as a diuretic and sedative in complex therapy. Spring adonis is included in some pharmaceutical preparations. It must be remembered that before starting to use adonis preparations or the herb itself, you need to consult a doctor.

Black cohosh

The thick rhizome with roots is used for medicinal purposes. When studying the plant, it was found that it has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system and also helps to relax the intestinal muscles. Black cohosh has the ability to reduce blood pressure. It is one of the highly effective medicinal plants used for arterial hypertension. Except water infusions, you can cook alcohol infusions, which are also recommended for some gynecological diseases. For high blood pressure, use black cohosh tincture (it can be purchased at a pharmacy) 50 drops 3 times a day.

Rowan chokeberry

Rowan fruits are used for medicinal purposes. They contain a large amount of vitamin P, as well as vitamins C, A, B2, B6, trace elements, iron, boron, iodine and many other useful substances. It is the vitamin P content, supplemented by the action of ascorbic acid, that helps reduce high blood pressure. Therefore, rowan fruits and juice from it are recommended for use in stages I and II of hypertension.

Juice is prepared from the fruits, which must be taken (in the absence of any contraindications) 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals, 50 ml for 10 days. You can continue the course of treatment for up to 50 days, after consulting with your doctor.

Fruit chokeberry and drugs created on its basis are not recommended for patients suffering from gastritis accompanied by high acidity, as well as stomach and duodenal ulcers.

Swamp dry grass

The plant is used for medicinal purposes along with its roots. Marsh dry grass and preparations made on its basis are widely used to reduce high blood pressure, as well as in complex treatment peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum.

Marsh cudweed is used in the form of infusions and decoctions. The pharmaceutical industry produces tablets containing cudweed.

For high blood pressure, he recommends using blue cyanosis tablets (0.05 g) together with cukeweed tablets (0.2 g), since their combined use has a more pronounced therapeutic effect. Take cucumber tablets 30 minutes before meals, 3 times a day, 2 pcs. and blue cyanosis tablets 3 times a day after meals, 1 pc. (check with your doctor!). For high blood pressure, it is recommended to take warm foot baths with the herbs marsh cudweed and blue cyanosis.

To prepare baths, you need to take 150 g of herb and pour 3 liters of boiling water over it. Leave for 30 minutes. Take a bath for 30 minutes.

To treat high blood pressure, an infusion is prepared from the herb marshweed.

30 g of herb is poured into 1 glass of warm water, covered with a lid and placed in a water bath for 15 minutes. Then cool for 45 minutes and strain. Take 3-4 times a day, 1 tablespoon 30 minutes before meals.

Herbal infusions

Collection No. 1

Kidney tea – 1 part;

Cushion herb – 2 parts;

Motherwort herb – 3 parts.

Pour 1 heaped tablespoon with 300 ml of boiling water. Boil over low heat for 5 minutes. Then wrap well and leave for 3-4 hours. After this, strain. Take 20 minutes before meals, 1/2 cup 3 times a day. Take the infusion only warm.

Collection No. 2

Cushion herb – 1 part;

Blood red hawthorn flowers – 1 part;

Mistletoe leaves – 1 part;

Motherwort herb – 1 part.

Mix the ingredients well. Pour 4 tablespoons of the prepared herbal mixture into 1 liter of boiling water. Strain. Take the infusion 1 hour before meals 3 times a day, 1/2 cup.

Collection No. 3

Rhizome of valerian officinalis – 15 g;

Baikal skullcap roots – 15 g;

Carrot seeds – 10 g;

Horsetail grass – 10 g;

Fennel seeds – 10 g;

Pour 10 g of the prepared herbal mixture into 200 ml of boiling water. Place in a boiling water bath for 20-30 minutes. Cool for 10 minutes, strain. Quantity received herbal decoction bring to 200 ml boiled water. Take 3 times a day, 1/3–1/4 cup.

Collection No. 4

Leonurus quinqueloba herb – 8 parts;

Wild strawberry leaves – 4 parts;

Marsh cudweed herb – 4 parts;

Shepherd's purse grass - 2 parts;

Blood red hawthorn fruits – 2 parts;

Flax seed – 2 parts;

Peppermint herb – 1 part.

Depending on the patient’s weight, 2–3 tablespoons of the herbal mixture are taken. Place the herb in a thermos and pour 2 cups of boiling water over it. Leave in a thermos for 6–8 hours. Afterwards, drink the infusion warm during the day in 3 doses. Take 30 minutes before meals.

Collection No. 5

Kidney tea – 1 part;

Adonis herb – 1 part;

Blood red hawthorn fruits – 1 part;

Cushion herb – 2 parts;

Peppermint herb – 2 parts;

Motherwort herb – 3 parts.

Grind all ingredients well and mix. Pour 2 tablespoons of herbal mixture into 2 cups of boiling water. Bring to a boil over low heat for 5–10 minutes, then close the lid tightly and wrap. After 30 minutes, strain. Take the infusion after meals 3 times a day, 1/3 cup.

Collection No. 6

Blood red hawthorn fruits – 15 g;

Chokeberry fruits – 15 g;

Baikal skullcap roots – 10 g;

Horsetail grass – 10 g;

Blue cornflower flowers – 10 g.

Pour 10 g of the prepared herbal mixture into 200 ml of boiling water. Place in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. Cool for 10 minutes, strain. Bring the resulting amount of herbal decoction to 200 ml with boiled water. Take 3 times a day, 1/4 cup.

Collection No. 7

Rose hips – 1 part;

Basilisk grass – 1 part;

Fruits and flowers of blood-red hawthorn – 1 part;

Marsh cudweed grass – 1 part;

Motherwort herb – 1 part.

All necessary ingredients chop and mix. Pour 4 tablespoons of the prepared herbal mixture into 1 liter of boiling water. Leave the infusion to steep for 7 hours. Strain. Take the prepared infusion 3 times a day, 1/2 cup.

Collection No. 8

Blood red hawthorn flowers – 20 g;

Young shoots of white mistletoe – 20 g;

Small periwinkle leaves – 10 g;

Rhizome of valerian officinalis – 10 g;

Common caraway fruits – 10 g.

Mix all ingredients well. Pour 1 tablespoon of herbal mixture into 1 glass of boiling water. Leave to infuse for 2 hours, then strain. Take the infusion 2 times a day, 1 glass.

It should be emphasized that in the treatment of herbs, herbs can be used both in isolation and in combination with drug therapy(at the discretion of the attending physician).

Usually, with herbal medicine, improvement occurs after 2 weeks: sleep normalizes, weakness decreases, and blood pressure levels decrease. However, a lasting effect can only be achieved with long-term and regular use of herbs (for 6-8 weeks).

Preferably after a month and a half of treatment against the background wellness take breaks for 7–10 days, and after the break, change the fees if possible. In addition, it is recommended to change the plants added to the main collection to treat concomitant diseases. After the course of treatment, it is recommended to take the preparations for preventive purposes (even with normalization of blood pressure and satisfactory health) for 2 months, twice a year - in spring and autumn.

When doing herbal medicine, it should be borne in mind that herbal treatment, like any other treatment, cannot be sufficiently effective without following the correct regimen, using physical therapy and a gentle diet, quitting smoking, drinking alcohol and strong coffee.