Respiratory allergosis. Respiratory allergies

Most often the disease manifests itself in childhood, but the disease is often diagnosed in adult patients. Usually the first symptoms appear after some illness due to decreased immunity.

The body reacts inappropriately to the allergen, producing antibodies that are ultimately directed against own cells. With a respiratory allergy, the allergen gets into the mucous membrane of the throat or nose, causing a number of symptoms that are similar to the common cold.

Types of respiratory allergosis:

• . It is triggered by aeroallergens that float in the air and land on the mucous membrane of the eyes. As a result, it is in this area that the immune system produces antibodies. Accordingly, inflammation of the mucous membrane and lacrimal sac occurs.
• Allergic rhinitis . Usually triggered by an allergen plant origin and is a seasonal disease. An exacerbation is observed during the flowering period of some plants, which, when they enter the nasal sinuses, provoke swelling and mucus secretion.
• Allergic laryngitis. IN in this case the allergen causes an inadequate reaction in the throat area. The tonsils may become inflamed.
• Allergic bronchitis. Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa due to exposure to an allergen. Symptoms are similar to normal bacterial bronchitis. The disease can occur as a complication after ARVI.
• Allergic alveolitis. This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the alveoli of the lungs. The disease resembles pneumonia with the release of large amounts of sputum.

Main causes of respiratory allergies

Causes of respiratory allergosis:

1. Pathologies of the nervous and respiratory systems. Particular attention should be paid to perinatal pathologies. That is, children or adults with ICP, encephalopathy and various neurological disorders in history are most prone to the appearance of respiratory allergies.
2. . People with this disease are prone to any type of allergy. Allergens can be: food products, as well as pollen, dust, bed mites.
3. Early effects of allergens on the body. Allergists believe that the earlier mothers introduce foods that can cause allergies into their child’s menu, the higher the risk. Most likely, this child will develop atopic dermatitis or allergies.
4. Taking certain medications. In some cases, after taking certain medications, the body reacts inadequately to ordinary dust, pollen and household chemicals. This is due to an abnormal immunological response, which is provoked by taking immunomodulators and hormonal drugs.

Respiratory Allergy Symptoms

List of symptoms of respiratory allergies:

• Sneezing. This occurs due to the allergen entering the nasal mucosa. Often after sneezing there is mucus discharge from the nose. The patient may feel a sore sensation.
• Eye redness and watery eyes. It resembles conjunctivitis, but when a smear is taken from the mucous membrane of the eyes or tears for analysis, pathogenic microorganisms are not detected in the secretion.
• Cough and sore throat. When the walls of the throat are irritated, the patient feels pain. A little mucus may be produced. With allergic tracheitis, dry and paroxysmal cough. Vomiting may occur.
• Wheezing in the lungs. Sometimes when listening you can hear wheezing. Therefore, doctors diagnose pneumonia. In fact, phlegm appears due to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the alveoli.

Features of treatment of respiratory allergies

There are many treatment options for this disease. You can use pharmaceutical drugs or seek help from traditional medicine. Mainly used symptomatic treatment, which can relieve discomfort.

Treatment of respiratory allergies with medications

List of medications for the treatment of respiratory allergies:

1. Diphenhydramine. This is a first generation antihistamine. It is not often used to treat allergies. It is mainly used in combination with Analgin to relieve swelling and reduce temperature. Causes drowsiness and acts on the central nervous system.
2. Diazolin. A first-generation drug that acts quickly, but has a huge amount of side effects. Does not cause drowsiness and has a weak sedative effect. There is information that the drug has a negative effect on the health of the nervous system. The price of the medicine is low.
3. Claridol. This is a second generation medicine that does not cause drowsiness and helps to quickly get rid of allergy symptoms. There is no need to take pills several times a day. One tablet is enough for 24 hours. Has not a large number of side effects.
4. Lomilan. Effective for allergic rhinitis, as it helps reduce the amount of fluid that is produced in the nose. For treatment, it is enough to take one capsule per day. There are not many side effects, mainly headache and nausea. But they appear extremely rarely.
5. Gismanal. The drug is third generation, so there are almost no side effects. One capsule is enough to forget about allergies for 24 hours. You can combine it with sleeping pills and drive a car. The drug does not inhibit nervous system and does not cause drowsiness, it can be taken by people who drive diesel locomotives and other vehicles.
6. Telfast. Very effective drug, which is an analogue of histamines. Therefore, it contacts them, blocking their action. Often used for seasonal fever. Effective against angioedema, as it quickly relieves the effect of the allergen.

Local allergy medications

List of drugs for local treatment of respiratory allergies:

• Allergodil. These are nasal drops that are indicated for allergic rhinitis. It is enough to use the drug once a day. It relieves swelling and itching. Accordingly, the amount of mucus secreted decreases.
• Cromohexal. A drug that quickly relieves swelling. It can be used for allergic rhinitis and tracheitis. Thanks to the spray, small droplets fall on the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, reducing inflammation, redness and swelling.
• Flixonase. This is a corticosteroid-based drug. Accordingly, like all hormonal drugs, it is used in extreme cases. Drops very quickly eliminate severe swelling and help treat a runny nose.
• Vibrocil. This combination drug, which contains a vasoconstrictor and an antihistamine component. Thanks to this, the medicine acts instantly, stopping a runny nose and relieving swelling of the mucous membranes.
• Sanorin-Analergin. Combined nasal drops, which are used to eliminate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The drug contains two active substances. Naphazoline and Antazoline constrict blood vessels and relieve swelling. The drug works very quickly.
• Derinat. This is an immunostimulating drug, so it is recommended to use it in combination with vasoconstrictor medications. The effect of the drug is observed after 4 days.

Treatment of respiratory allergies with folk remedies

Recipes traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory allergies:

1. . It is necessary to prepare a tincture of berries. To do this, the bottle is filled to the top with berries and filled with alcohol. It is necessary to leave the container in a warm place for 14 days. After this, the liquid is separated from the berries and taken 22 drops in the morning and evening.
2. Birch leaves. Need to collect fresh leaves birch and pour a handful of 500 ml of boiling water. Leave the tea for 30 minutes. Drink instead of regular black or green tea. The course of treatment is 8 days. With the help of a decoction it is possible to get rid of the symptoms of the disease.
3. Eggshell. Very effective remedy which our grandmothers used. You need to hard boil the egg. It is advisable that it be homemade. Peel off the shell and remove the thin film that lines the surface. Grind the shells to a powder. Take on the tip of a knife in the morning before meals. This remedy can be used for allergies in children.
4. Bay leaf. Pour boiling water over 5 leaves and let stand for 5 minutes. Put it back on the fire and cook for 15 minutes. Drain the liquid and drink 50-60 ml three times a day. It is advisable to consume the decoction separately from food.

Prevention of respiratory allergies

Preventive measures:

• Carry out wet cleaning daily. This is true if there is a patient in the house who suffers from dust. Don't forget to wipe tables and window sills with a damp cloth.
• Remove carpets. Carpet and carpet runners are “dust collectors”. Dust gets clogged deep in the fibers, which provokes an allergic reaction.
• Replace pillows, change bed linens. Bed mites live and reproduce in feather pillows. Down and feathers are an ideal environment for ticks. Buy pillows with synthetic filling. Change bed linen once a week.
• Don't smoke or use fragrances. This also applies to aroma lamps. You should not add essential oils to humidifiers.
• Install an air conditioner. This will prevent pollen from entering the room during the flowering period of some plants. Don't forget to clean the filter from time to time.
• Do not relax in nature when plants are blooming. The best time to walk in nature is after rain, when there is no pollen in the air. Limit your time outdoors or wear a mask.
• Use baby powders. Laundry detergents contain fragrances. Choose products for children without fragrance additives.

Respiratory allergies are a common disease in adults and children. Negative reactions caused by various types of irritants. For successful therapy, it is important to know which substance is dangerous for a particular patient.

A respiratory panel of allergens is a special set of volatile irritants, against the background of which signs of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hay fever, bronchial asthma, and urticaria most often appear. The result of testing using the immunoblotting method gives an accurate answer about the type and quantity of antibodies to a specific allergen.

Respiratory allergies: causes of development

Acute and moderate symptoms develop after inhalation of microparticles of substances that irritate the receptors of the mucous membranes. Antigens penetrate the respiratory tract and provoke a response from the immune system. The interaction of immunoglobulin E and the allergen releases a large volume of inflammatory mediators, symptoms appear on the mucous membranes, skin of the face and body, and in the eye area.

After contact with irritants, the body intensively produces immunoglobulins E and G. In most cases, it develops acute reaction immediate type, the level of lgE increases markedly. It is this factor that doctors use during immunoblotting testing.

Release of inflammatory mediators against the background higher level immunoglobulin E provokes major Clinical signs respiratory allergies from the respiratory system. For long-term admission irritant another type of reaction develops - a delayed type. Allergic cough, sneezing, swelling, lacrimation appear, but rather weakly, the main symptoms are skin rashes ().

Main types of volatile allergens:

• mold spores;
• pet fur and skin particles;
• pollen of certain plants;
• dust: house and book dust.

Respiratory allergies appear throughout the year or during a certain season. The nature negative symptoms, the time of appearance of the main signs of the disease, it is easier to establish that the patient suffers from, or. The seasonal and year-round form of the disease when inhaling volatile allergens causes noticeable discomfort to a person. Lack of therapy provokes the transition of the disease to severe form, in advanced cases it often develops.

Respiratory allergens:

• Derm mite. pteronyssinus;
• alder;
• mixture of herbs;
• plantain;
• sagebrush;
• Derm mite. farinae;
• hazel;
• birch;
• rye;
• rabbit;
• dog;
• guinea pig;
• horse;
• cat;
• golden hamster;
• cladosporium herbarum;
• alternaria alternata;
• penicillium notatum;
• aspergillus fumigatus.

How to prepare for a blood draw

Before testing for immunoglobulins, doctors recommend following the following rules:

• Before the study, the last meal was allowed 8 hours before. Maximum term- 14 hours (fasting longer than this period is prohibited);
• only allowed mineral water without gas;
• the doctor temporarily cancels 7-14 days before the collection venous blood to determine the level of immunoglobulin E;
• if the patient has not yet taken antiallergic drugs, then the start of therapy is postponed until the test results are clarified;
• prohibited to use alcoholic drinks 24 hours before the study;
• before testing it is advisable to reduce nervous tension, give up heavy physical activity. Before donating blood, doctors recommend sitting quietly for a quarter of an hour;
• physiotherapy, injections, therapeutic exercises are always carried out after taking material for research;
• To determine the level of immunoglobulins over time, doctors prescribe tests in the same laboratory. A prerequisite for a reliable result is the collection of venous blood at the same time.

Violation of recommendations blurs the picture of the disease and interferes with precise definition indicators. False-positive or false-negative results require repeat, expensive tests and delay the appointment of antiallergic therapy.

Decoding the results

The RAST scale was developed to interpret the data. With a low level of sensitization of the body and no tendency to allergic reactions, immunoglobulin E levels do not exceed 0.35 kU/l. Deviation from the norm has certain values ​​for each level of allergization of the body.

If you are prone to an immune response to the action of volatile allergens, it is important to conduct testing in time to determine the irritant. Only upon detection dangerous substance adequate treatment can be carried out. Immunoblotting method, comparison of analysis results with a respiratory panel of allergens - highly informative, safe research to clarify the diagnosis in children and adults.

Contents [Show]

Respiratory allergies is a complex of diseases with allergic damage to various parts of the respiratory system. Etiology and pathogenesis are based on allergic reactions urgent and inhibited appearance. The respiratory system as a whole or some of its parts can be damaged, which determines the form of allergosis.
Allergic rhinosinusitis usually manifests itself in children aged 2-4 years, and is often combined with other respiratory allergies or becomes a precedent. There are seasonal rhinosinusitis, chronic and infectious-allergic (mixed type). Each of these types is characterized by the following stages of disease development: paroxysmal, catarrhal, vasodilator.

Symptoms of allergic rhinosinusitis Symptoms include the following: itching and burning in the nose, sneezing, watery or foamy nasal discharge, swelling of the mucous membrane, manifestations of inflammation of the mucous membrane eustachian tube, swelling of the eyelids, injection of the sclera, feeling of a foreign body in the eye. During seasonal rhinosinusitis, general malaise, headaches, lethargy, a possible increase in temperature to subfebrile levels, and nervousness are often manifested. Very often, rhinosinusitis becomes a precursor to the formation of bronchial asthma.

Recognition is based on information from symptoms, rhinoscopy, radiography, detection high content immunoglobulin E, skin testing results, etc.

How to treat allergic rhinosinusitis Typical hyposensitization, antihistamines.

Allergic laryngitis occurs more often at night and is expressed by croup syndrome - anxiety, difficulty breathing, barking cough, blue lips and nasolabial triangle. The voice is saved. Depending on the severity of the child’s situation, there are four stages of subglottic laryngitis: at stage 1, breathing is replenishable, the attack is short-lived; at stage II - additional muscles take part in the breathing process, the heartbeat accelerates; at stage 111, severe shortness of breath is observed with acute retraction of the compliant areas of the chest, local blue discoloration; at stage IV, severe blue discoloration, coma, and cardiac arrest appear.
The diagnosis is based on information from a study of symptoms and immunoglobulin E levels.

How to treat allergic laryngitis At stage 1, warm sitz baths are prescribed with a gradual increase in water temperature to 42-43 degrees. C, frequently drinking a warm Borjomi solution, inhaling steam with the addition of a 2% sodium bicarbonate solution; hospitalization is not necessary. At stage II, hospitalization is necessary; Antisensitizing drugs and antispasmodics are administered intravenously. On Stage III diseases, in addition to the indicated treatment, dehydration and steroid hormones are prescribed; if ineffective, intubation or throat section is performed; hospitalization is mandatory.

The prognosis for stage I is positive; at stages II-IV is determined by the correctness of the therapy.

Symptoms of allergic tracheobronchitis Symptoms include bouts of dry, tense cough, usually at night. The disease proceeds in waves, stretches long time. With manifestations of bronchitis in the lungs, you can listen to dry and silent moist rales. There is an abundance of leukocytes in the blood. Affirmative scarification skin test with histamine.

Recognition is the same as for laryngitis.

How to treat allergic tracheobronchitis Inhalations with the addition of soda are prescribed, abstracting the legs thermal procedures, warm drink with soda, jars, wild rosemary decoction, antiallergic medications, physiotherapy, if the child’s parents do not know how to spend an active holiday, then it is worth going to the website camping-don.ru.

The prognosis is positive.
A food allergy involves multiple allergic responses of a child to foods. In the formation of food allergies, sensitivity to cow's milk. However, sensitivity to other products may also occur. Overlapping responses between different stimuli are also common. Hereditary propensity is also very important. Food allergy is a fairly common disorder with a predisposition to increasing growth, and its first symptoms are mostly associated with artificial feeding or premature supplementation.

Symptoms of food allergy Symptoms of food allergies are varied and manifest as separate lesions of the skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract or combined disorders - skin-respiratory, skin-intestinal. Children suffer from itching, especially at night, they are nervous, suffer from neurotic reactions and, often, deviations of the ENT organs and gastrointestinal tract. In parallel, Quincke's edema and urticaria can often occur.

Recognition of food allergy is based on information from history and symptoms and is supported by the manifestation of a causally significant irritant.

How to treat food allergies Elimination of a causally significant irritant, pathogenetically reasoned diet, anti-allergenic drugs, anti-mediator drugs, histaglobulin, allergoglobulin, ointments with the addition of tar or naphthalan.

The prognosis with timely examination and therapy is positive.
Allergic alveolitis is a defective process in the lungs that occurs as a result of a known causative factor– irritant and is expressed reactive reaction. Both the antigenic structure of the causal causes and the characteristic features of the response of the macroorganism play a role.
Hydrolytic enzymes of alveolar cells stimulate the decomposition of complement with the appearance of C3-fractions and ultimately lead to the formation of the C3-component, leading to an increase in the rate of decay of C3; activation of the production of immunoglobulins by B-lymphocytes leads to the formation of immune systems, which subsequently remain on the base membrane of the lung vessels and When complement is fixed on their surface, they become open to fusion with phagocytes. The structural enzymes released during this process damage the lung tissue according to the Arthus phenomenon.

Symptoms of allergic alveolitis Symptoms are varied and depend on the level of antigenicity of the causative stimulus, the power and duration of the antigenic action, and the characteristic features of the macroorganism. These reasons predetermine the course of the disease. The main symptoms: increased body temperature, chills, shortness of breath, cough, lethargy, pain in the chest, muscles, joints, headaches. When contact with the causative irritant ends, these symptoms disappear within 12-48 hours. Secondary contacts with the causative allergen lead to a worsening of the disease.

Recognition is based on symptoms, leukocytosis with shift leukocyte formula to the left, accelerated ESR, moderate eosinophilia, manifestation of characteristic precipitating antibodies and immune systems, results of provocative inhalation tests, X-ray examination.

How to treat allergic alveolitis Eliminate contact with the causative irritant. Prednisolone in a dosage appropriate to the child’s age, symptomatic treatment.

Forecast at acute forms positive, in subacute and chronic cases - difficult.

Publication date: March 9, 2011

belriem.org

Clinicalmanifestations of allergicrespiratory diseasesways

IN practical medicine widely used term "respiratory (breathing) allergoz". This term is also familiar to many parents. It should be said that the term “respiratory allergosis” unites a group of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract from allergic rhinitis to bronchial asthma.

As a rule, children have a combination different levels respiratory tract lesions. For example, in an allergic cough, the main area of ​​allergic inflammation is the larynx and trachea (allergic laryngotracheitis); in asthma, the disease affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract up to smallest bronchi. Respiratory allergies can be very difficult to recognize. Many parents believe the cause of the disease is hypothermia or infection. Difficulty of recognition allergic conditions is due to the fact that infectious diseases occur with a similar clinical picture.

1.Allergicrhinitis (runny nose)

Allergic rhinitis, as a rule, lasts a long time - weeks, months and even years. Its manifestations are characterized by prolonged periods of nasal congestion and/or mucous discharge. Exacerbations occur several times a year; in severe cases, the disease continues year-round. During an exacerbation appears severe itching in the nose, and the child begins to rub his nose with his hand almost continuously - this is the so-called “allergic salute”; paroxysmal sneezing occurs and copious discharge from the nose. Exacerbations of allergic rhinitis are usually short-lived, but are repeated frequently. They can occur in a child while cleaning a room, when he wipes dust or sweeps the floor, while playing with a cat or dog, when looking at old books, newspapers, magazines, or when visiting a circus or zoo.

Parents often fail to detect the provoking factor, which is typical for most cases of allergies to house dust(micromites), in which the allergen is constantly exposed. In this case, frequent acute respiratory infections with the same type of course are recorded, with a predominant picture of a runny nose, coughing, and mild malaise.

An allergic runny nose can also occur in the form of persistent nasal congestion. Nasal breathing is disrupted, the child breathes through the mouth. At the same time, his adenoids, as a rule, enlarge. Enlarged adenoids can also be the result of allergies. It is very important to establish the allergic nature of adenoid growths, since removal of adenoids in case of allergies is undesirable. Firstly, their relapse (re-growth) occurs in a fairly short time; secondly, the progression of the allergic process in the respiratory tract may begin.

Allergic rhinitis is the first step in the development of asthma and subsequently accompanies it in most cases. If the course of asthma is favorable and its symptoms disappear by adolescence, allergic runny nose, as a rule, is preserved. Remember that this “mild” form of the disease should constantly remind the patient and his parents of the presence of an allergic disease, which, under unfavorable conditions, can again worsen in its manifestations.

2. Allergiccough

Allergic cough is a manifestation of allergic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx (allergic pharyngitis), larynx (allergic laryngitis), trachea (allergic tracheitis), bronchi (allergic bronchitis).

Allergic lesions of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi can be observed in isolation, for example, allergic tracheitis or laryngitis. Much more common is a combined lesion, for example, allergic rhinolaryngitis-tracheitis or allergic tracheo-bronchitis.

Allergic pharyngo-laryngo-tracheitis can be considered together, since the main manifestation of these conditions is a dry cough. Doctors sometimes call these diseases “cough disease,” emphasizing that cough is the main symptom.

Allergic cough develops in children of all ages, but is most common in children from 1 to 7 years old. The disease is characterized by repeated bouts of dry cough. Exacerbations of the disease recur several times a month, more often in the autumn-winter period. As a rule, an exacerbation of the disease begins with a period of warning signs. During the period of warning signs, the child’s appetite and sleep deteriorate, anxiety and irritability appear. When examining the pharynx, you can see swelling and swelling of the tonsils. Itching of the nose, eyes, sneezing and watery eyes appears. The temperature may rise to 37.0-37.5º C. The duration of the warning period ranges from several hours to 1-2 days. All this is very reminiscent of the usual colds, "ORZ".

Since the most common cause of the disease is an allergy to house dust and micromites, which are found in large numbers in bedding, then coughing attacks often occur in bed - during night and daytime sleep. In this case, the child develops a dry, painful, paroxysmal cough, accompanied by painful sensations in the chest, stomach. Mustard plasters and rubbing with strong odors intensify the cough. Doesn't help much usual treatment"for a cold." The monotony draws attention clinical manifestations with every exacerbation in a child. Even mothers who do not know about the allergic nature of their child’s disease tell the doctor that “a cold always occurs the same way.”

If a child with repeated episodes of allergic cough develops wheezing (on exhalation!), wheezing in the chest, audible from a distance, be very careful: this may be the first episode of asthma. The signs of asthma are discussed in more detail in the section “Bronchial asthma”.

3. Allergiclaryngeal stenosis (falsecroup)

Most dangerous manifestation Allergies in young children include laryngeal stenosis or false croup. With this disease, allergic inflammation and swelling of the larynx develops in the area vocal cords. An exacerbation begins suddenly, often at night, against the background of apparent well-being. In this case, the child develops hoarseness of voice, up to its complete disappearance, a rough “barking” cough, and difficult noisy breathing. The child becomes restless and excited.

Laryngeal stenosis can occur due to a viral infection, such as influenza. An allergic background aggravates the manifestation of laryngeal stenosis, even caused by a virus. But laryngeal stenoses of a viral nature occur no more than 1-2 times during a child’s life. Repeated stenoses of the larynx, especially in children over 3 years of age, are most characteristic of allergic lesions, and not of viral infection.

allergolog-spb.ru

Every second person on the planet knows first-hand what allergies are. Some people get pimples from the berries, some people sneeze when the trees bloom, some people can’t stand the cold, etc. Considering environmental problems and what we eat, this is not surprising.

From the outside it seems that it is impossible to live normally with allergies. But that's not true. I had to face this problem, having experienced all its “delights” not only on myself. When in the house child with allergies– this is more complicated, but this is a “bell” that we are not living correctly. In the sense that somewhere my mother didn’t finish watching. And most importantly, change this very “somewhere” and the lifestyle of the whole family. There is nothing tragic about this.

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE FIRST?

The first step Naturally, the source of the allergy must be removed. It is impossible to test a child for everything at once. Therefore, you should independently review and remove possible sources of irritants. What we did:

The carpet was removed;

We removed most of the soft toys (I left only my favorite ones, made from natural materials and we wash and clean them often).

We replaced the pillow and blanket with padding polyester ones;

We change bed linen twice as often (applies to the whole family);

Wet cleaning daily;

We reviewed household chemicals, reducing unnatural products to a minimum.

Allergies in a child

YOU SHOULD KNOW THAT:

When cleaning, a child with allergies should not be nearby. Ideally, he walks away with his dad.

Wet weather does not have the best effect on the course of the disease, although the humidity and temperature in the room should always be optimal.

It is highly undesirable to spray perfumes, deodorants and air fresheners near your baby.

Particular care should be taken to check corners and dark nooks and crannies for mold. The source can also be the external covering of the walls (fungus).

Even if tests have shown that there is no allergy to animal fur, it is advisable that there are no animals in the house where the allergic child lives.

ABOUT FOOD

The risk of a child with a respiratory allergy having a reaction to food allergens much higher. Some interesting facts I described the occurrence of allergies in children here. Because next step Mom should revise the menu. I believe that my mistake was that I taught my daughter too quickly to “adult” food. Pizza, sausage, frankfurters, fried foods, sweets - all this is by no means the best way affected health. In my defense, I will say that we did not abuse all this. Ordinary family, ordinary food. Moreover, she is already in her fifth year... However, now I have looked through our dishes. I excluded almost all store-bought sweets, sausages and other similar pleasures. Fresh vegetables from the market, she hardly eats. We eat, but I try to buy them from those I trust and wait for our own harvest. We excluded store-bought chicken and even turkey. The last time I bought it was for the New Year. While cutting the meat, I noticed a distinct smell of penicillin. Since then, we have tried to buy only homemade food.

What else? Yes, we also try not to consume such pleasures as ketchup and mayonnaise. Left cheese and dairy products.

Food allergies in a child

ARE WE HARDENING? OF COURSE YES!

Today is the first day of summer - a great time to start tempering your child. We live in the suburbs, so it's easier for us. We walk barefoot, there is a large container of water in the yard where you can splash around, and an outdoor shower has been installed. When it’s sunny, the baby is outside almost all the time.

This is more difficult to do in the city. However, if there are carpets on the floor in the apartment, it’s time to remove them. The temperature of the bath water can be gradually reduced and the number of baths increased. Walk more often, sleep with the window open. Try doing exercises and dousing your feet cold water. The main thing is regularity.

AND MEDICINES?

You shouldn't rely only on medications. Antihistamines also have side effects, although you should always have them on hand. If your baby has a respiratory allergy, also make sure you have any nasal rinsing solution on hand. Sometimes this is enough to stop the first manifestations.

By making all of the above changes in your life, you will protect your child from irritants. Plus, you will significantly improve your standard of living.

I have already written about allergy treatment methods and its first manifestations. Allergies do not go away on their own and without leaving a trace. Take care of yourself and your little smart guys!

And I wish you good health and good mood.

Your Anna R.

7ya.vn.ua

Respiratory allergosis is a combination various pathologies, through which the respiratory tract is damaged due to interaction with the source of the allergy. The disease can occur in a child or an adult. But, in most cases, it is observed in children 2-4 years of age. The use of treatment is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of this pathology.

Causes

Respiratory allergens have two types of appearance: through infection or without its penetration.

With any of them, the respiratory tract or a certain part is damaged:

• nasopharynx;
• larynx;
• trachea;
• bronchi.

If the allergy penetrates through infection, the activity of the respiratory organs undergoes some changes due to the penetration of bacteria, viruses or foreign elements.

But with a non-infectious nature of infection, the disease manifests itself as a result of certain reasons:

• symptoms appear due to the penetration of allergens, which include: plant or grass pollen, dust particles with elements contained in it, mites and pet hair;
• irritation occurs as a result of exposure to food allergens on the body;
• the development of allergic diseases is associated with the consumption of certain medicines;
• Often, symptoms of respiratory damage appear due to close interaction with chemicals and cosmetics.

Depending on the presence of certain causes, a sick person requires immediate examination in a medical facility.

Based on the results, a necessary treatment only a specialist in this field.

Types and symptoms of the disease

Respiratory allergosis in children can manifest itself through various forms, which have some features in eliminating the source of infection.

Their classification:

1. Allergic rhinitis occurs during the flowering period of plants, but complaints are also observed throughout the year. Symptoms of the disease in most cases occur in children. When irritation occurs, the patient experiences nasal congestion, slight discharge mucus, conjunctivitis. In addition, itching occurs in the nasal cavity, due to which sneezing occurs most often. Also possible: headache, fatigue.
2. Allergic pharyngitis has a special characteristic symptoms– swelling of the oropharynx. Rarely inflammatory process observed in the area of ​​language. In this case, respiratory allergies in children are characterized by a feeling of a foreign element in the larynx, as well as a feeling of a lump in the throat that does not go away for some time. A distinctive feature of this form of pathology is a strong dry cough.
3. With the development of allergic tracheitis, hoarseness occurs in the voice. An adult may also experience attacks of dry cough, especially at night. In this case, there is pain in the sternum. Allergic tracheitis occurs over a fairly long period of time, as a result of which either complications or relief of well-being may arise.
4. Allergic obstructive bronchitis is one of the most common diseases. In this case, the impact falls on the lower parts of the respiratory system. However, there are situations when respiratory allergies of this form arise due to the presence of bronchial asthma, which occurs in a mild form.
5. Allergic laryngitis is characterized by the development of swelling of the larynx. With such manifestations, a cough and a hoarse voice are observed.

Often, the signs of respiratory allergosis are compared with acute respiratory viral infections. As a result, it is compiled incorrect treatment, which can cause serious complications.

Despite this there are distinctive features, with the help of which two such concepts can be distinguished:

• if the baby has allergies, then physical activity does not differ in any changes;
• the child’s appetite is good, no problems are observed;
• there is no high body temperature characteristic of ARVI;
• the periods of wakefulness and sleep are not disturbed, activity and mobility are the same as in healthy people.

An essential feature of respiratory tract diseases is the nature of their occurrence. That is why, when observing the first symptoms of respiratory damage, it is necessary to seek help from a specialist.

Basically, they appear some time after certain actions that can cause the development of the disease. But with ARVI, the state of health worsens after some time.

Therapeutic measures

When diagnosed with respiratory allergosis in children, treatment occurs through the use of certain antihistamines, which should be prescribed by a doctor. A specialist can prescribe medications that are produced in the first, second or third generation.
Thus, drugs that have an antihistamine effect include:

1. Suprastin.
2. Gistalong.
3. Claritin.
4. Telfast.
5. Diazolin.

For young children, therapeutic measures are carried out using special drops. These include Zyrtec, Fenistil and Zodak. However, when serious complications Suprastin is still used, and the dosage of the drug will be calculated taking into account the age of the baby. In addition, it is assumed therapeutic actions aimed at accelerating recovery.

Such actions can be carried out through the use of vasoconstrictors:

1. Nazivin.
2. Otrivin.
3. Tizin.

They help relieve swelling of the nasal passages, prevent runny nose and mucus from the nose. In addition, they are aimed at normalizing the activity of the respiratory system, through which full breathing is possible. Therapeutic measures can be carried out in conjunction with the use of some other medications, the use of which is vital. However, such changes while taking medications should be discussed with a specialist.

You can eliminate the source of the allergy and remove it from the body with the help of certain medications: Enterosgel, Smecta and activated carbon. All of them have a beneficial effect on the cause of allergies and short term will help get rid of pronounced signs of the disease. It is also possible to restore the intestinal microflora through the use of certain probiotics: Hilak-Forte, Lactusan and Duphalac. They are used in cases of similar problems in newborns. The recurrence of symptoms of respiratory allergosis can be eliminated through the use of physiotherapeutic procedures.

The positive effect can be observed:

• from baths;
• from speleotherapy;
• from inhalation.

For the child, you need to use therapeutic exercises, which will help restore well-being and strengthen general state body after getting rid of signs of illness .

To successfully eliminate the causes of the disease, it is necessary to influence the irritant by eliminating the person from contact with the allergen. If it is not possible to carry out such actions, then treatment should be carried out aimed at restoring the immune system. However, this method can only be used in in some cases on the recommendation of a specialist, otherwise you can provoke the development of more serious complications.

allergolog1.ru

Breathing is a very important process for the body as a whole, since disturbances in its work worsen heat transfer, lead to a decrease in protective and immune functions. Respiratory allergies are one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system.

The first manifestations of respiratory allergies most often occur in childhood. However, such an allergy can be detected for the first time in an adult, for example, as a consequence of one of past diseases respiratory system.

Due to the similarity of symptoms, the respiratory immune reaction is often mistaken for other inflammatory diseases: rhinitis, bronchitis, etc.

Respiratory allergies and their causes

The disease occurs when an allergen enters the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Allergens that cause a respiratory immune response are microscopic in size. They are in the air, entering the body when inhaled. That's why they are called aeroallergens.

Even in small quantities, they can cause a response in a person prone to hypersensitivity.

Aeroallergens can easily enter the body both at home and in in public places, during a walk, on vacation outside the city. Examples of aeroallergens are:

• pollen and fungal spores;
• dust mite;
• song;
• animal hair or dander;
• household chemicals;
• aromatics;
• building materials.

Depending on the cause of occurrence, there are following types respiratory allergic reactions:

• household;
• infectious;
• seasonal;
• chemical.

The disease worsens in the spring and summer, because... It is during these seasons that there is a large amount of pollen and odors in the air.

Common respiratory allergic diseases are:

• conjunctivitis;
• rhinitis;
• laryngitis;
• bronchitis;
• alveolitis, etc.

Symptoms

A feature of respiratory allergies is the rapidity of development of the disease after the allergen enters the body (from several minutes to a couple of hours). Manifestations of such immune reaction like a cold.

But unlike acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, the patient’s general condition is normal, there is no headache, elevated temperature are not observed, appetite and activity do not deteriorate.

Respiratory allergies include the following symptoms:

• sneezing;
• cough;
• nasal congestion;
• irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat;
• redness, burning and tearing of the eyes;
• wheezing in the lungs;
• swelling of the throat and eyelids.

As a rule, the patient experiences 1-2 of listed symptoms. Based on these signs, we can draw a conclusion about the nature of the allergic disease.

Allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is allergic inflammation outer shell eyes. Allergic conjunctivitis is often caused by dust mites that live in feather pillows, mattresses, etc.

The presence of an aquarium in the house can also cause the disease, because... the chitinous cover of daphnia crustaceans, which are used as fish food, is very strong allergen. Mold spores, animal hair and dander, feathers, bird droppings, pollen and plant particles can also cause allergic conjunctivitis.

Allergic conjunctivitis includes the following symptoms:

• hyperemia, redness of the eyes;
• increased lacrimation;
• burning and itching of the eyes.

About 15% of the population suffers from this disease. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs as a concomitant reaction in many systemic immunological disorders. The disease often occurs with allergic bronchitis and rhinitis, atopic dermatitis.

Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa of the allergic type.

The disease is seasonal and is caused by pollen. This is called hay fever. Often hay fever is accompanied by allergic conjunctivitis.

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• runny nose;
• nasal congestion;
• sneezing;
• increased lacrimation;
• swelling of the eyelids.

Allergic laryngitis

Allergic type inflammation of the larynx is called allergic laryngitis.

Polluted, polluted air in industrial areas, chemical emissions in factories, and exhaust gases can cause the development of the disease.

Characteristic symptoms are:

More often concomitant diseases are allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma.

Asthmatic bronchitis

Allergic bronchitis (asthmatic) - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi of the allergic type. The development of the disease can be triggered by allergens that we encounter in everyday life (dust, fur, animal dander, pollen or spores).

Asthmatic bronchitis can occur after contact with viral and bacterial allergens (staphylococcus). Often such bronchitis occurs against the background of ARVI.

The following symptoms appear when the disease occurs:

• cough;
• wheezing in the lungs;
• attacks of suffocation.

In 10-15% of cases, neglected asthmatic bronchitis develops into bronchial asthma.

Allergic alveolitis

An allergic-type inflammatory process that occurs in the alveoli of the lungs is called allergic alveolitis. Common cause occurrence is the presence of bird protein contained in the droppings.

Plant (sawdust, pollen) and animal allergens (wool dust) are also found.

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• cough;
• dyspnea;
• sputum.

Treatment and prevention of respiratory allergies

The first thing to do is to avoid contact with the allergen. During treatment, antihistamines are used to help quickly remove antigens from the body and restore the functioning of the immune system. In addition to them, local treatment of the respiratory mucosa is used. Antihistamines include:

• antiallergic drugs 1-3 generations;
• corticosteroid drugs;
• preparations for local treatment: sprays, drops, ointments.

The drug is selected individually, based on factors such as the severity of the disease and the patient’s age. Allergy treatment necessarily includes strengthening the body's immunity.

In order to reduce the risk of allergies, it is enough to reduce the number of potential allergens and follow simple rules:

• vacuum regularly and carry out wet cleaning in the room;
• remove possible sources of dust mites: remove carpets, replace feather pillows with pillows with synthetic filling;
• do not keep pets or indoor plants;
• do not use clothes and shoes containing animal hair and fur;
• no smoking;
• do not use aromatic substances, perfumes and air fresheners;
• avoid excess humidity in the room;
• ventilate the room;
• do not travel outdoors during the flowering season;
• install an air conditioner or air filter in the room;
• Wear safety glasses when outdoors.

Respiratory allergosis includes a set of diseases in which the respiratory tract is affected under the influence of allergens. It can manifest itself in both adulthood and childhood. However, most often lesions of this nature appear in 2–4 year old children. Treatment of each disease is symptomatic.

Causes of diseases

Respiratory allergosis can have two types of origin: infectious and non-infectious. For each of the diseases, damage to the respiratory tract or part of it may occur:

nasopharynx;

If the defeat is infectious nature, then the functioning of the respiratory system is disrupted by the penetration of viruses, bacteria or microorganisms of fungal origin.
In the non-infectious form, allergosis manifests itself for a number of reasons.

Symptoms of damage occur when aeroallergens penetrate. These include plant pollen, dust with the secretions of cockroaches and mites contained in it, as well as animal hair.

Irritation may occur when exposed to food allergens.

The occurrence of allergic diseases is influenced by the use of medications.

Often symptoms of respiratory tract damage are observed upon contact with household chemicals, cosmetics.

Depending on the causes, the symptoms of the disease may vary. Therefore, treatment is prescribed only after a mandatory examination by a doctor.

Forms of allergosis and their symptoms

Respiratory allergosis in children can be expressed in various forms. They differ in the localization of the reaction when exposed to a stimulus.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis often appear in childhood. When irritation occurs, a person experiences congestion in the nasal passages, slight mucous discharge from the nose, and conjunctivitis. In this case, the child develops an itchy nose, which causes sneezing. He can feel headache, malaise. Allergic rhinitis often appears during the flowering period of plants, but can also occur year-round.

With allergic pharyngitis, extensive swelling of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx is observed. In some cases, inflammation spreads to the tongue area. In this case, children often experience a sensation of a foreign object in the throat, a lump that does not go away. Pharyngitis is characterized by a strong dry cough.

When allergic tracheitis occurs, hoarseness appears. A person may experience attacks of dry cough, especially at night. In this case, pain is felt in the chest area. Tracheitis can manifest itself over a long period of time, either exacerbating or reducing symptoms.

The most common disease is allergic obstructive bronchitis. The defeat in this case is observed only in lower parts respiratory tract. In some cases, the disease is associated with bronchial mild asthma forms.

With allergic laryngitis, swelling of the larynx occurs. The child appears barking cough, as well as hoarseness.

Often the symptoms of respiratory allergosis are confused with ARVI. Therefore, incorrect treatment is often prescribed, which does not lead to a positive result. However, there are some characteristics that distinguish allergosis from a viral disease.

With allergy, the child is in a normal state.

The baby's appetite is not affected.

There is no rise in body temperature.

The child plays and stays awake as usual.

The main difference between the diseases is the nature of the manifestations. In case of allergic damage to the respiratory tract, the reaction is observed after a few minutes or hours. With ARVI, the condition may worsen gradually.

Treatment of diseases

Since the disease is allergic in nature, treatment of children includes mandatory intake antihistamines. The doctor may prescribe first, second or third generation drugs. Among drugs with antihistamine effect highlight:

Suprastin;

Diazolin;

Claritin;

Gistalong;

In children, treatment is carried out in the form of drops. These include Zyrtec, Zodak, Fenistil. But for severe allergic reactions, Suprastin is often used, the dosage of which is calculated based on the age of the child.
Therapy is also required vasoconstrictor drugs. Among them are:

They relieve swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose, preventing the appearance of a runny nose and mucous discharge. They also help make breathing easier.
Treatment involves taking enterosorbents in combination with prebiotics. You can remove the allergen from the body using Enterosgel, Smecta, Activated carbon. You can normalize the intestinal microflora with the help of prebiotics Hilak-Forte, Duphalac, Lactusan. They can be used from the first day of the baby's life.
You can cope with the manifestations of respiratory allergosis with the help of physiotherapeutic procedures. The effect is observed from:

inhalations;

speleotherapy.

The child is recommended to undergo therapeutic exercises aimed at general strengthening body. During such exercises breathing is trained.
It is important to immediately eliminate contact with the irritant to avoid increased signs of respiratory allergosis. If this is not possible, then immunotherapeutic treatment is performed. However, this method is not suitable for all children, as it can enhance the development of the reaction.