Inflammation of the gallbladder: symptoms, timely diagnosis and treatment. Treatment of cholecystitis at home

Cholecystitis is a lesion of the walls of the gallbladder of infectious and inflammatory origin, characterized by diagnosticians as an “insidious” disease. “The Big Pretender” - that’s what they call him because of his many faces clinical picture, accompanied by a wide variety of, sometimes contradictory, symptoms. This is one of the most common gastrointestinal pathologies.

Cholecystitis is characteristic gradual development, gradually turning into a chronic relapsing course. It is extremely rare that the onset of the disease is acute clinical forms. The peculiarity of this nosological unit is that it predominantly occurs in women. Chronic cholecystitis is characterized by concomitance with other gastrointestinal diseases, most often gastritis, pancreatitis and hepatitis. Causes:

• bacterial infection, more often staphylococcal, streptococcal, less often anaerobic;
• helminthic invasion of the bladder and ducts by opisthorchia, lamblia;
• fungal infections of the biliary tract;
• hepatitis viruses;
• toxic factors;
• allergic components.

Factors, directly and indirectly causing inflammation gallbladder:

• bile stasis due to the formation of stones, the presence of narrowings, kinks and dyskinesia of the ducts;
• outbreaks acute infection in organism;
• prolapse of the gastrointestinal tract;
• hypokinesia;
• irregular food intake;
• overeating, predominance of acute and fatty foods, fried foods;
• alcohol;
• stress, endocrine disorders and neurovegetative disorders;

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptom of cholecystitis is pain in the right hypochondrium, and occasionally under the sternum. It can radiate to the scapula and collarbone on the right, shoulder and shoulder joint, sometimes - in the hypochondrium on the left and in the region of the heart. More often the pain is prolonged and aching, but an attack of cholecystitis can be accompanied by unbearable acute spasms.

Patients suffer from nausea, heartburn and belching, and it is not uncommon for cholecystitis to experience bitterness and dry mouth, bloating in the abdomen and upset stool. Severe attacks with cholestasis, they are usually accompanied by vomiting, often with an admixture of bile. These symptoms often occur against a background of moderate elevated temperature body, malaise and weakness, sometimes jaundice of the sclera and skin is noted.

Laboratory and instrumental studies

With exacerbation of cholecystitis, clinical and biochemical research blood reveals:

• leukocytosis;
• neutrophilia;
• eosinophilia;
• increase in ESR;
• presence of SRB;
• increased levels of alpha and gamma globulins;
• an increase in the activity of liver enzymes;
• increase in bilirubin levels.

Duodenal fractional intubation of patients with chronic cholecystitis reveals disturbances in the efficiency of bile secretion, visual signs of inflammation: flakes, mucus and sediment. Microscopy of the resulting bile reveals the presence of leukocytes, bilirubinate crystals, cholesterol, and accumulations of Giardia. In this case, the presence of pathological impurities in portion B indicates damage to the bladder itself, and in portion C - damage to the ducts.

An ultrasound picture of cholecystitis shows compaction, thickening or layering of the bladder wall, its deformation or a decrease in volume. To clarify the diagnosis, if necessary, contrast Rg-cholegraphy or cholecystography is used.

Treatment

Drug therapy for cholecystitis is aimed at combating infection, bile stasis, spastic and pain syndromes.

The doctor must decide what to treat, monitor the treatment process, and determine what to do during attacks of cholestasis after examining and thoroughly examining the patient; self-medication is unsafe.

Diet for gallbladder inflammation

The goal of the diet during exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis is to normalize the process of bile production by the liver and its evacuation from the gallbladder to the intestines. This is achieved by orderly eating small portions of food.

With 5 – 6 times daily nutrition The gallbladder is emptied frequently and efficiently, bile does not stagnate in it, and flows into the intestines in a timely manner. Overeating and rare episodic meals can provoke stagnation of bile, thereby causing a painful or dyspeptic attack.

What the patient can eat should be discussed with the attending physician after a detailed examination. As a rule, patients should avoid anything that will provoke a spasm, thereby impeding the flow of bile:

• spicy, sour foods;
• rough food;
• hot and cold food;
• marinades and smoked meats;
• spices

It is important to ensure a sufficient volume of fluid is taken daily, namely at least 2 liters. This will allow the patient to save required level rheological properties of bile, will facilitate its evacuation through the bile ducts, prevent its stagnation in the liver and thereby prevent pain and dyspeptic attacks. For drinking with cholecystitis, the following are recommended:

• diluted berry and fruit juices;
• still mineral waters;
• rosehip infusion;
• tea with milk.

Patients with cholecystitis are contraindicated from consuming foods and dishes that have a choleretic effect, which can cause overflow and overstretching of the gallbladder. Therefore, they exclude forever from their diet:

• fried and fatty foods;
• spicy food;
• soups with rich broths.

They are replaced for cholecystitis:

• steamed, boiled and stewed dishes from low-fat products;
• vegetable soups;
• casseroles, puddings and cereals.

Coffee, hot chocolate, cocoa, chilled drinks are unacceptable for cholecystitis, but any low-fat dairy and dairy products. After you manage to relieve a painful attack of colic, all types of fresh or rich baked goods are excluded from the diet for a long time. Instead, the following are introduced into the patient’s diet:

• dried bread;
• Lenten cookies;
• diet bread.

As for eggs, eating them in the form of a dietary protein steamed omelet is quite acceptable. Occasionally you can treat yourself to a soft-boiled egg. Scrambled and hard-boiled eggs will forever have to say no.

With all dietary restrictions, the diet of a patient with cholecystitis should contain the average daily intake:

• carbohydrates – 300 g;
• proteins – up to 120 g, 1/2 of them are animal;
• fats - no more than 100 g, most of them should be of vegetable origin;
• 2,500 kcal.

Food must be freshly prepared, delight the patient in taste and appearance, nutrition must be timely and complete.

Treatment with folk remedies

These methods, proven and reliable, have helped patients for centuries to successfully cope with numerous symptoms of cholecystitis and relieve inflammation. However, it is necessary to consult with your doctor before using them. Decoctions and infusions of many herbs and fruits help relieve heaviness in the hypochondrium, dryness and bitterness in the mouth, for example:

• a tablespoon of dried corn silk poured into a glass of boiling water and infused for an hour is filtered and taken a quarter glass before meals;
• pour a liter of boiling water and infuse for 24 hours a glass of freshly ground horseradish root, strain it and drink 1/4 glass before meals until the painful symptoms disappear;
• a tablespoon of finely chopped parsley infused in a glass of boiling water is taken warm, 1/4 cup before meals;
• Rose hips, brewed according to the instructions, can successfully replace tea for people with cholecystitis.

Natural proven over centuries medicinal products for cholecystitis, vegetable oils that promote the outflow of bile are also used - olive, sunflower, sea buckthorn, as well as leaves and stems peppermint, immortelle color.

Treatment of cholecystitis requires a responsible approach and serious attitude. In any case, it must be monitored by the attending doctor; self-medication is fraught with unpredictable consequences and unforeseen complications. Consultation with a doctor will allow you to decide how to treat a particular patient, will allow you to develop a long-term individual treatment plan that is age-appropriate, constitutional features patient, as well as the nature, severity and phase of disease activity.

The disease, which is caused by an inflammatory process in the walls of the gallbladder, is called cholecystitis. The gallbladder is a kind of reservoir for the accumulation of bile produced by the liver. Since bile contains quite a lot, if it (bile) thickens or stagnates or the level of cholesterol in it increases, cholesterol crystals begin to precipitate. When combining such crystals stones appear that consist of cholesterol and bile salts.

Cholecystitis can occur fast and violent (acute form) or sluggish and slow (chronic form). There are cases of transition acute stage into chronic.

Acute cholecystitis

Symptoms of acute cholecystitis

Complications of acute cholecystitis

A few days after the start acute cholecystitis Some serious complications may develop:
purulent inflammation (gangrene, empyema) and perforation of the gallbladder, after which peritonitis can occur - inflammation of the peritoneum;
the appearance of biliary fistulas that connect the gallbladder to the stomach, intestines or kidney;
formation of a limited purulent focus (so-called subhepatic abscess);
obstructive jaundice;
acute pancreatitis.

Diagnosis and therapy of acute cholecystitis

The patient needs to be put to bed, something cold should be placed on the gallbladder area, wrapped in a cloth, ice or filled cold water heating pad

To make a diagnosis, the doctor must listen to all the patient’s complaints, perform an examination, and, if necessary, prescribe additional tests. It is necessary to conduct a blood test (general and biochemical), as well as ultrasonography organs of the peritoneum (mainly the biliary tract and gallbladder).

Treatment of acute cholecystitis

If the symptoms of the disease subside and no stones are found in the gallbladder and ducts (this happens infrequently), the patient is allowed to go home. In this case, the patient must stand on dispensary observation see a gastroenterologist and follow diet number 5. The essence of the diet is to exclude heavy fatty and fried foods. Instead you should use a large number of vegetable fiber - vegetables and fruits. The liquid can be consumed in unlimited quantities.

If cholecystitis manifests itself as complication of cholelithiasis (so-called calculous cholecystitis), then, after the acute inflammation subsides, the patient is prepared for cholecystectomy - planned laparoscopic or abdominal surgery to remove the gallbladder. If the attack does not stop, the operation is performed urgently.

Emergency surgery required if complications develop. Typically, a cholecystectomy is performed. If, for certain reasons (the advanced age of the patient, accompanying illnesses) cholecystectomy is impossible, cholecystotomy is performed. The essence of the operation: a tube is inserted into the gallbladder through the skin, through which the bile is drained out. Cholecystotomy helps relieve the process of inflammation in the gallbladder, which will help remove a person from dangerous condition.

Chronic form of cholecystitis

Causes of chronic cholecystitis

Also, the development of inflammation is provoked by enzymes that penetrate the gallbladder from the pancreas. Similar situation often accompanies pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas.

The following factors contribute to the occurrence of gallbladder inflammation:
biliary dyskinesia;
congenital deformity of the gallbladder;
gallbladder injuries;
disruptions in diet (dry food, long breaks between meals);
metabolic disorder (atherosclerosis, diabetes);
tumors in abdominal cavity;
pregnancy;
sedentary lifestyle life, constipation;
allergic reactions;
age-related disruption of the blood supply to the gallbladder.

Symptoms of chronic cholecystitis

Sensations that periodically occur in a patient with chronic cholecystitis:
dull pain in the right hypochondrium;
vomiting, nausea;
bloating;
diarrhea after eating (occurs due to disturbances in the digestion of fatty foods).

As a rule, through 2-4 hours from the moment of eating smoked, fatty, fried foods, an exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis appears. In addition, an attack can be triggered by hypothermia, shaking (for example, when riding a bicycle or on a tram), prolonged physical activity, or stressful conditions.

Diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis

In some cases ERCP is used - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Contrast agent During this procedure, it is inserted directly into the bile ducts using an endoscope.

Treatment of chronic cholecystitis

Add to list prohibited products includes: fried and spicy foods, smoked meats, sausages, canned food, cocoa, spicy cheese, alcohol, chocolate, carbonated drinks.

Authorized products: soups (especially vegetarian, dairy and fruit), as second courses - porridge, boiled vegetables, puddings, boiled meat and fish.

From drinks allowed: compote, tea, juices, jelly, fermented milk products and milk, mineral waters.

For chronic cholecystitis the following are used:
choleretic drugs ( Cholenzyme, Holosas, Lyobil, Cholagol etc.);
decoctions choleretic herbs(immortelle flowers, corn silk etc.);
It's important to remember that if you have gallstones, use choleretic agents under no circumstances! We'll explain why below.
if there is pain, use antispasmodics (for example, baralgin, no-shpa);
in some cases - anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics.

Nowadays, treatment methods such as tubeless tubing or duodenal intubation are extremely rarely used. Tubage is carried out for the purpose of washing biliary tract and stimulate the process of bile secretion so that the gallbladder empties. It is carried out both with the help of a gastric tube (duodenal intubation) and without it (“blind” tube). "Blind" tubage finds more wide application, because it is better tolerated by patients and can be done at home. Moreover, in most cases he is cause of severe complications of gallstone disease, the treatment of which requires surgery.

How to carry out “blind” tubing. In the morning on an empty stomach, drink one or two glasses of warm mineral water or a decoction of choleretic herbs. After this, apply a heating pad to the right side and go to bed for an hour and a half. If the result is positive, the stool becomes greenish tint, which is a sign of the bile present in it. How many times to spend this procedure, the doctor decides. It is recommended to use a probeless tube at least once every seven days. The duration of the course should be at least two to three months.

Contraindications for tubing:
cholecystitis in the acute stage (pain, temperature), since heating the inflammation is fraught with the formation purulent inflammation, which can end in the death of the patient;
peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum because bleeding may occur;
choleretic herbs, preparations and tubages Contraindicated for gallstone disease!

If you know the structure of the biliary tract, you probably already understand the reason. It is very difficult for the stone to pass into the intestines, therefore, most likely, it will get stuck halfway along the “road”, which will lead to acute blockage of the bile ducts, threatening pancreatic and liver dysfunction. In this case, you will be urgently taken to the operating room, and there the surgeons will have to work hard. The fact is that it is not always possible to remove a stone from the ducts laparoscopically; an extremely serious operation may be required, after which the functions gastrointestinal tract will remain broken.

If the development of cholecystitis is associated with cholelithiasis, it is treated.

Treatment of chronic cholecystitis with traditional methods

Besides, Chronic forms of cholecystitis are treated with decoctions:
immortelle decoction: 10 d immortelle flowers. Take warm, half a glass per 15 minutes before meals daily 2-3 times;
parsley decoction: you need a glass of boiling water 10 g parsley. For 2-3 weeks daily 2-3 drink warm once, half a glass per 15 minutes before eating;
corn silk decoction: per glass of boiling water required 10 d corn silks. For 3-5 weeks, three times a day, drink a quarter glass before meals.

In addition, decoctions of yarrow, mint, and rose hips are used.

Peppermint tincture: you need a glass of boiling water 5 g peppermint. Drink the tincture in half or a third of a glass per 15 minutes before eating 2-3 once a day. Course duration – from 2 weeks to a month.

Our expert - doctor medical sciences, professor MGMSU Tatyana Polunina.

A turning point

Inflammation of the gallbladder wall - chronic cholecystitis - usually develops gradually. Often it occurs against the background of other chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract: gastritis, pancreatitis, hepatitis.

The cause of cholecystitis is stagnation of bile in the gallbladder, to which infection is added. Why does the gallbladder stop emptying as it should? There are many reasons. In a healthy body, the movement of bile is ensured by the good tone of the bile ducts, their proper nervous and endocrine regulation. This movement becomes more difficult if the ducts are somehow compressed or bent, if their ability to move bile in the right direction is impaired. This can happen under the influence of stress, endocrine and autonomic regulation. Often the impetus for stagnation of bile is prolapse of the viscera, pregnancy, sedentary lifestyle, rare tricks food.

Stagnation contributes to the development of infection in the gallbladder. It could be bacteria - coli, streptococci, staphylococci, as well as lamblia and fungi, hepatitis viruses. In some cases, inflammation is stimulated by toxic poisoning (for example, drug overdose) or an allergic process. Inflammatory processes in other organs, such as tonsillitis, also contribute to it.

Either constipation or belching

The immediate impetus for the outbreak inflammatory process in the gallbladder is often overeating. Rich lunch or dinner with fatty and spicy food, supplemented with beer or wine, may end up dull, aching pain on the right, under the ribs. It occurs 1–3 hours after the feast. The pain usually radiates upward, to the area of ​​the right shoulder and neck, right scapula. A sharp pain resembling biliary colic may also occur. There is a persistent feeling of bitterness in the mouth, a metallic taste, there may be belching, nausea, and gurgling in the stomach. Often alternating constipation and diarrhea, irritability, insomnia. Pressing on the abdomen in the area of ​​the gallbladder is very sensitive, sometimes painful. You can feel the muscular resistance of the abdominal wall.

All these are signs of acute cholecystitis, which, if measures are not taken, can become chronic. The diagnosis can only be made by a doctor - after a blood test, duodenal intubation, microscopic examination bile.

In some cases, cholecystography - x-ray examination is required. This is necessary to evaluate the shape and structure of the walls of the gallbladder, its contraction, and the presence or absence of stones in it. Useful information Ultrasound examination is also available. If cholecystitis has become chronic, ultrasound shows thickening or deformation of the walls of the gallbladder.

Prevent relapse

Cholecystitis in most cases has a long course. Periods of remission, when the patient practically does not notice his illness, are replaced by exacerbations, usually due to malnutrition and after taking alcoholic drinks. The impetus for a new exacerbation can also be severe physical labor, spicy intestinal infection, hypothermia. However, if you follow your doctor's recommendations, the prognosis is favorable in most cases.

Unfortunately, patients often come to the doctor too late - they simply do not pay attention to the first attack, cope with it with the help of home remedies on the advice of friends and neighbors, and then, when the pain has passed, they do not change anything in their lifestyle. With frequent relapses, inflammation of the large intrahepatic ducts may develop. In this case, the pain is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, sometimes chills, fever, itchy skin. The skin and mucous membrane of the eyes may turn yellow, which is associated with a deterioration in the outflow of bile due to blockage of the bile ducts with mucus.

IN acute condition patients are usually hospitalized in surgical or therapeutic hospitals. In mild cases it is possible ambulatory treatment. In the first days it is necessary to strictly observe bed rest and diet No. 5a. Small meals are very important - 4-6 times a day. The patient is prescribed selective antispasmodics; in case of exacerbation - antibacterial drugs. After remission occurs, choleretic drugs are recommended.

Diet

To stop the development of acute cholecystitis into chronic, and chronic into cholelithiasis, you need to radically change your lifestyle and, above all, your eating style. Doctors recommend diet table No. 5 or diet No. 5 according to Pevzner.

It is forbidden

• Fat meat
• Animal fats
• Savory snacks
• Marinades
• Alcohol
• Ice cream
• Chilled drinks
• Salty
• Roast
• Cakes, cream,
• Fish and mushroom broths
• Smoked meats

Can

• Puree vegetables
• Minced meat, steamed or boiled
• Cottage cheese, kefir
• Weak tea with milk
• Lactic acid products
• Butter in limited quantities
• Vegetable oil– 20–30 g per day
• White omelet, soft-boiled eggs – 1–2 times a week
• Vegetarian borscht, cabbage soup
• Cereal, fruit, milk soups
• Boiled, baked vegetables
• Any porridge
• Pasta, vermicelli
• Baked cheesecakes
• Vegetable and fruit juices
• Lean meat (beef, chicken, turkey, rabbit), boiled, baked
• Compotes, jelly, rosehip decoction
• Cracker
• Fruits and berries (except sour ones) raw and boiled, grapes
• Stale bread: white, gray
• Watermelon
• Low-fat boiled fish
• Mild cheese

With this diet you need to eat 5 times a day, in small portions. This diet is prescribed to ensure gentle functioning of the liver, normalization of bile secretion and intestinal activity, unloading of fat and cholesterol metabolism.

Beef, lamb and pork fat, lard, liver, brains, sausage, canned fish and meat, pickles, meat and fish broths, as well as butter dough. If possible, limit your use butter, eggs, garlic, onion, dill and parsley. It is also recommended to eat cottage cheese, vegetables and fruits. You should drink plenty of fluids, but you must take into account the condition of cardio-vascular system and kidneys. Table salt consumption should be moderately reduced.

Chemical composition of the diet:

• Protein approximately 100–110 g
• Fats 80–100 g
• Carbohydrates approximately 400–450 g
• The number of calories is 2800–3200.

To improve the condition of the bile ducts, you need to conduct more active image life, exercise regularly during the working day, walk more, visit a sports club or swimming pool.

Be on your guard against foci of chronic infection, if they exist in the body: do not trigger bad teeth, sore throat, or inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs. If they are treated in a timely manner, you can avoid further troubles with the gallbladder.

Inna Lavrenko

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Inflammation of the gallbladder is very specific and cannot be confused with another disease. The causes of this disease may be pathogenic microflora, weakening immune protection body, as well as stones in the gall bladder and bile duct cavity. For inflammation of the gallbladder in clinical medicine There is a special term, cholecystitis.

Clinical practice shows that cholecystitis most often affects women in adulthood, 40 years and older, and men are 2 times less likely to get sick. The disease occurs in different forms, more often cholecystitis passes with the formation of stones, this is calculous inflammation (refers to stone diseases). In the absence of stones, cholecystitis is called acalculous. Based on the form of the disease, the doctor determines the symptoms and treatment that eliminates the root cause.

The manifestation of symptoms depends on the form of the disease, so let’s take a closer look at how acute and chronic cholecystitis clinically manifests itself.

Acute inflammation is always accompanied by severe intoxication, which causes headaches, fever, joint pain, lethargy and weakness, and sudden weight loss. Signs of inflammation of the gallbladder in the acute stage:

• paroxysmal pain in the right abdomen under the ribs. Emergence sharp pain explained by obstruction of the lumen in the ducts by a bile clot or stone;
• weight loss, poor appetite;
• yellowness of the skin and eye sclera;
• when diagnosed at a doctor's appointment, pain and dilation of the bile ducts are noted;
• the appearance of chills at temperatures up to 39 degrees;
• nausea and vomiting with discharge of green bile;
• frequent constipation;
• flatulence and bloating;
• The child develops irritability and aversion to fatty foods.

During exacerbations of inflammation with the formation of stones, the symptoms are severe and often develop dangerous complications, while treatment of the gallbladder at home is not carried out. One of these conditions can be an abscess in the liver, when an inflamed lesion with a capsule containing pus appears inside the organ.

Symptoms of cholecystitis

It is also possible to experience peritonitis, when inflammation spreads to the peritoneum, or pancreatitis with a focus of inflammation in the pancreas. Often there is infection, the development of cholangitis with inflammation of the bile excretion tract. All of these symptoms require immediate medical attention. medical institution for medical help, including treatment in a hospital.

Symptoms of chronic cholecystitis

IN chronic form inflammation increases, painful spasms in the biliary system and gastrointestinal tract when eating food, during stressful experiences, after drinking alcohol:

• nagging pain in the right hypochondrium, possibly a burning sensation in the liver area;
• pain in the stomach, in the upper part;
• irradiation to the sacrum or lower back;
• pain in chest in the area of ​​the heart (cholecystocardial syndrome), and there is a failure heart rate. The heart is affected when the source of infection in the bladder has a toxic effect on the entire body and blood flow.

Experts point to solar syndrome, which occurs when symptoms are ignored chronic inflammation. In this case, pain is noted near the solar plexus. Irradiation occurs in the navel, back, the intensity grows to extremely high.

General symptoms of cholecystitis

There is a range for all patients common symptoms cholecystitis of the gallbladder. In most cases, there are signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia - rapid heartbeat, tachycardia, excessive sweating, headache, loss of sleep. Of the specifically biliary manifestations that the organ is inflamed, the following symptoms are often noted:

Patients with allergies may experience angioedema, the most life-threatening symptom in humans. Chronic cholecystitis begins to develop in children, without showing clinical symptoms. Over time, the walls of the gallbladder thicken, forming severe inflammation, which causes such vivid symptoms.

Inflammation of the biliary organ in women

Not only are women more susceptible to gallbladder inflammation than men, but they also have several additional symptoms:

• PMS syndrome, when severe stress begins before menstruation;
• a week before critical days severe headaches begin;
• there are mood swings;
• pastiness in the legs and arms. The patient observes slight swelling, which causes the skin to swell and become pale, resembling raw dough.

Chronic cholecystitis always varies in its manifestations depending on the form of the disease, stage and general condition of the patient. Due to the connection of the ducts with the liver, if the bladder becomes inflamed, inflammation can often be found in the liver.

How is cholecystitis treated?

If a patient has inflammation of the gallbladder, the doctor takes into account the symptoms, finds out general state, determines the location of pain, studies the results of laboratory and instrumental examinations to prescribe effective antibacterial therapy. Treatment with antibiotics can only be prescribed by the attending doctor, since you can harm the body yourself and provoke side effects. Let's consider how to treat cholecystitis of the gallbladder so that complications do not arise.

Drug treatment

To relieve pain and stimulate the flow of bile from the gallbladder, treatment must be supplemented with antispasmodics. These are Drotaverine or No-shpa, Mebeverine or Papaverine, Duspatalin or Spazgan. The choice of the correct medication is made by the doctor. It also allows you to take analgesic tablets - Baralgin or Analgin. Each of them will relieve pain within 15-20 minutes. Riabal is taken as an anticholinergic. Inflammation of the gallbladder should be treated not until the pain is relieved, but until the cause is eliminated.

If the function of the liver and gall bladder decreases, the doctor, when choosing how to treat concomitant pathologies, includes in the therapy the use of drugs with a choleretic effect - Cholenzym, Alloho, Holagol.

Treatment of stones

In case of microliths in the composition of bile and hypotension of the walls of the biliary organ, inflammation of the gallbladder, symptoms are treated with acid-based drugs - Ursofalk or Henofalk, produced with ursodeoxycholic acids. The course is always long and is carried out under strict control of tests. If the stones are large, then the drugs are ineffective.

Cholecystitis is treated with medications that increase the secretion of bile by the liver, dilute its viscosity, and reduce its concentration. It is also necessary to eliminate the cause of the inflammatory process in the bladder and liver.

Taking hepatoprotectors will help the liver function in conditions of inflammation of the biliary system. Choleretic drugs improve patency if there is inflammation of the bile ducts, and the quality of the secretion itself. It could be herbal medicine Chophytol, produced as artichoke extract, or Gepabene, combination remedy from milk thistle and fume. The drugs are taken for a year or more.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia

In patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia, the course of inflammation of the gallbladder is always more severe than in other patients. An inflamed gallbladder requires treatment with sedatives. These medications are valerian, Adaptol or motherwort tincture. Experts also recommend these drugs to patients in the premenstrual period, if women are diagnosed with acute inflammation of the gallbladder at this time. The course of treatment with sedatives lasts up to 2 months.

Improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract

It is also necessary to support the digestive organs. Enzyme preparations Mezim-Forte or Creon, Pancreatin or their analogues will help with this. Doctors recommend undergoing physiotherapeutic procedures using decoctions and tinctures on healing herbs. Folk remedies will help not only digestive system, but also the liver and gall bladder.

Diet

It is impossible to eliminate inflammation and alleviate the patient’s condition without following the rules dietary nutrition. The diet recommended by the doctor involves the exclusion of heavy dishes and foods that are difficult to digest and assimilate. These are fatty and spicy, smoked and fried dishes, as well as fast food. The diet includes more plant food, you need to drink not only clean water, but also mineral, compotes and herbal infusions instead of tea. The diet is not a one-time measure and can be canceled after you feel better.

Phytotherapy

Treatment folk remedies cholecystitis may improve effectiveness conservative therapy. The convenience for the patient is that this is treatment at home. It is necessary to obtain the doctor’s approval and select appropriate herbal preparations to eliminate the cause of cholecystitis. Experts recommend several herbs that can reduce inflammation in the biliary organ and prevent complications:

• phyto-collection of St. John's wort and immortelle. The mixture is taken before meals, 0.1 l;
• tea with corn silk. The infused drink is taken before each meal, 0.05 liters;
• Tansy tea has medicinal properties;
• Peppermint leaf tea relieves irritability and premenstrual syndrome. Taken before meals in three doses;
• V recovery period When the exacerbation has subsided, it is useful to drink a decoction of rose hips. Chronic cholecystitis of the gallbladder requires long-term treatment, so rosehip decoction will be especially useful. It will support the body's immune defense and eliminate discomfort. Take 0.1 liter for a month.

Rose hip decoction

Physiotherapy

The recovery period for cholecystitis after an exacerbation is marked by complex procedures. These are UHF manipulations, inductothermy, diathermy and ultrasound treatment, applications therapeutic mud and paraffin applied to the gallbladder in the projection area.

You can help the body by taking a course of hydrogen sulfide baths or radon bathing; these procedures can relieve inflammation of the gallbladder and are also a preventative measure. It is recommended to perform physical exercises such as “birch”, “bike on the back” and others. All exercises should be prescribed by a doctor, who eliminates strong stress on the abdominal cavity.

Treatment of gallbladder inflammation is always carried out comprehensively, and if the disease has become chronic or severe form, then the possibility of carrying out surgical intervention with removal of the gallbladder, cholecystectomy. There is no need to be afraid, the operation is minimally invasive and is performed laparoscopically, through punctures in the skin belly.

Cholecystitis in medicine is called inflammation of the gallbladder. The danger of the disease is that it can progress to gallstone disease.

The main cause of the disease is an infection that penetrates the organ through the blood, lymph or from the intestines.

Primary sources of infection: acute/chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary and reproductive systems, liver, as well as worms in the biliary tract. Biliary dyskinesia contributes to the development of the disease, congenital pathologies organ structure, pancreatic reflux, disruption of blood supply and normal bile composition, allergic/immunological reactions that provoke inflammation of the walls of the organ, heredity, changes in the endocrine system.

Symptoms of acute and chronic inflammation of the gallbladder in women

Acute acalculous course of the disease is rare, but is characterized by a favorable prognosis, absence of complications, but can become chronic. Most often, acute inflammation is a complication of stones in the bladder. On initial stages development, a person experiences intense paroxysmal pain in the right hypochondrium. The attack is accompanied by nausea, leading to vomiting. Body temperature may rise to 39°C. In addition, chills, flatulence, constipation, yellowness of the sclera and skin appear.

Acute cholecystitis with the presence of stones is characterized by severe course: inflammation spreads to nearby organs and tissues.

Complications after inflammation are liver abscess, cholangitis, pancreatitis, peritonitis. Negative consequences involve placement in a surgical hospital and treatment through surgery.

Symptoms of chronic gallbladder inflammation

It often develops in adolescence, gradually progressing. Complaints may arise due to psycho-emotional stress or malnutrition. The main signs of the disease are attacks of pain in the right hypochondrium, which can radiate to the left half of the abdomen and chest.

If there are no stones in the bladder, then basically the person has some form of biliary dyskinesia, which often determines the nature of pain. With hypomotor dyskinesia, the pain is aching, constant, and of low intensity. In the absence of such, a person is bothered by heaviness or burning in the right hypochondrium. With hyperkinetic dyskinesia, pain attacks are more intense, but short-lived, radiating to the lower back, under the shoulder blade, and to the heart.

There is such a thing as cholecystocardial syndrome - pain in the heart, palpitations, rhythm disturbances, which is caused by toxic effect to the myocardium. For a long period of time in pathological process gets involved solar plexus, solar syndrome appears - burning, intense pain in the navel, radiating to the back.

The appearance of attacks and their frequency are often provoked by errors in diet, excessive physical activity, vibrations, hypothermia, drinking alcohol and emotional stress.

Nausea and vomiting occur in only half of cases. As a rule, these signs of inflammation of the gallbladder are reflexive in nature and are associated with a violation of its tone, but they can also be accompanied by complications - gastroduodenitis or pancreatitis. Bile particles are present in the vomit. Vomiting is caused by drinking alcohol and poor diet.

Bitterness in the mouth is one of the most common complaints in patients with cholecystitis. If such a symptom appears, you should examine gallbladder Firstly.

Skin itching is associated with a violation of the outflow of bile. The latter provokes irritation of nerve receptors, accumulating in the blood. Violation of the outflow leads to the temporary appearance of jaundice.

Chills and fever accompany exacerbation of a chronic disease.

It is worth noting that patients are simultaneously diagnosed with severe vegetative-vascular dystonia. The attacks are often accompanied neurotic syndromes– weakness, sweating, palpitations, headache, sleep disturbance, emotional lability (mood instability).

In patients with a predisposition to allergies, during an exacerbation of cholecystitis, corresponding negative reactions from the body, for example, Quincke's edema or urticaria.

Women may experience premenstrual tension syndrome. A few days before menstruation, headaches, slight swelling of the face and limbs, and mood swings occur. At the same time, the signs of cholecystitis become more pronounced.

What medications can relieve inflammation of the gallbladder?

If inflammation is confirmed through tests and clinical symptoms, antibiotic therapy is prescribed. The choice of drugs depends on their ability to concentrate in bile.

Symptomatic therapy is aimed at normalizing the function of the biliary tract and stopping pain syndrome. Anticholinergic drugs (Riabal), myotropic antispasmodics (No-shpa, Papaverine, Mebeverine), anticholinergics (Platifillin) and analgesics (Balagin, Analgin) will help relieve pain.

If there are no stones in the bladder, but there are signs of hypotension, treatment of inflammation requires the appointment of choleretic drugs (Allochol) and cholenzyme, as well as herbal medicine. Folk recipes based on herbs are widely used: immortelle, St. John's wort, corn silk, tansy, peppermint leaves, rose hips. These plants enhance the production of bile, reduce its density, and have an anti-inflammatory effect. They are usually prescribed during remission. Treatment by folk recipes lasts from 2 to 4 weeks. Mineral waters have a similar effect.

The doctor may also prescribe blind probing - tubage. It is usually carried out once every 7 days.

Course – from 3 to 5 procedures. Do it in the morning, on an empty stomach. First, you need to slowly drink a glass of warm mineral water with the addition of xylitol or sorbitol (20-25 g). Then the patient should lie on his right side for 45-60 minutes.

Under right side a warm heating pad is placed on the body. After visiting the toilet, take a shower and rest. After an hour and a half, you can eat cottage cheese and drink a glass of tea with honey.

Drugs bile acids prescribed in the presence of microliths, hypotension of the bladder, cholestatic syndrome.

All treatment methods require the use of hepatoprotectors to normalize liver function, for example, Chofitol, Gepabene. At vegetative-vascular dystonia recommended sedatives(motherwort, valerian) and anxiolytics (pr. Adaptol).

What can you eat during acute inflammation: diet for the gallbladder

It is better to undergo therapy during an exacerbation in a hospital setting. In addition, bed rest and psycho-emotional rest are desirable. After stopping the acute process, the regimen is expanded to general.

During an exacerbation in the first two days it is allowed to drink warm liquid (juices diluted with water, mineral water, weak sweet tea) and eat crackers (not a lot). As symptoms subside, the diet expands.

• pureed cereal and vegetable soups;
• porridge (semolina, buckwheat, rice, oatmeal);
• low-fat cottage cheese, mousses, jelly, jelly;
• lean boiled fish;
• white crackers;
• boiled and pureed meat, steamed cutlets.

You need to eat fractionally: up to 6 times a day, but in small portions.