Hiccups from overeating. Why does hiccup occur? Causes of physiological hiccups

Hiccups are convulsive contractions of the diaphragm, during which a person performs short breathing movements and strongly protrudes the stomach. Essentially, this is a reflex that helps get rid of excess air from the digestive organs.

Causes

There are many factors that influence the appearance of this condition. So, the causes of hiccups include the following:

1. Stomach fullness. In such a situation, the volume of the digestive organ increases significantly. It compresses the diaphragm and the vagus nerve, causing the person to hiccup after eating.
2. Hiccups after eating due to eating hot and cold foods, spicy foods, dry food. IN similar situation food leads to irritation of the lining of the esophagus. As a result, the vagus nerve is affected, and information about this is sent to the brain. As a response, a sudden contraction of the diaphragm occurs, and the person experiences hiccups after eating.
3. Alcohol consumption. When drinking alcohol, the mucous membrane of the esophagus and pharynx is irritated, which provokes intoxication of the human body. As a result of alcohol consumption, the functioning of the diaphragm is impaired and vagus nerve. This is why hiccups occur during heavy meals and alcohol consumption.
4. Intoxication with medications. In such a situation, in adults it is by-effect from use medicines. Their components provoke problems in functioning nervous system. As a rule, this symptom appears under the influence of muscle relaxants, sulfonamides and anesthesia drugs.
5. Stressful situations. They have a serious impact on the functioning of the nervous system and cause problems with the transmission of impulses from the brain to the organs. In this case, the center is excited, which is responsible for contracting the diaphragm, after which the disease occurs.
6. Hypothermia. Convulsive contraction of muscle tissue is aimed at maintaining heat. Vibration of the diaphragm reminds a person of hiccups.
7. Laughter. In this case, after a strong inhalation, the person makes several sharp exhalations. As a result, the functioning of the respiratory center suffers.

The most dangerous thing is that hiccups can be a sign of a serious illness if they appear too often:

• Heartburn
• Gastritis
• Cholecystitis
• Peptic ulcer disease.

1. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Towards the appearance constant hiccups leads:

• Aortic aneurysm
• Myocardial infarction.

1. Pathologies of the respiratory system. These include:

• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia
• Pleurisy
• Tumor formations.

Besides, frequent occurrence Nuduga can be a consequence of such serious diseases as:

• Meningitis
• Stroke
• Tumor formations
• Multiple sclerosis
• Spinal hernia
• Traumatic head injuries.

If this condition does not go away for several days, you need to undergo comprehensive examination– perhaps it is one of the symptoms of a dangerous disease.

Symptoms

Manifestations of pathological hiccups include the following:

• Systematic contraction of the diaphragm - throughout the day or several times a week
• Chest pain when hiccupping or swallowing
• The appearance of heartburn
• Sensation of a foreign object in the esophagus
• Heavy salivation - indicates a disturbance in the functioning of the nervous system or brain
• A sudden cough that accompanies hiccups and provokes pain in the side or back may indicate pulmonary disorders
• Headache, discomfort in the shoulder and joints - similar symptoms may indicate osteochondrosis.

Hiccups may have different durations. Depending on this, there are the following varieties:

1. Short-term or episodic – lasts 10-15 minutes. As a rule, it appears when overeating, hypothermia, drinking alcohol, or taking certain medications.
2. Long lasting - appears every day and does not go away for several hours or even days. This is a more serious condition that is caused by the presence of dangerous diseases. Thus, central hiccups occur with meningitis, heart attack, gastritis, peptic ulcer, glaucoma and other pathologies, peripheral is caused by pathological processes in the diaphragm, and toxic is associated with the use of drugs and alcohol.

Features in children

In newborns, this condition occurs quite often. As a rule, it does not pose a health risk and is associated with swallowing air while eating. Other reasons for this condition in infants associated with fear, bloating or hypothermia. To stop it, it is enough to calm it down, give the baby something to drink or feed.

Sometimes this symptom indicates problems with the nervous system or diaphragm. Also, hiccups in children can be a consequence of helminthic infestation.

In older children, the disease is usually caused by rapid absorption of food. If the baby hiccups briefly and not often, there should be no cause for concern. To remove this symptom, you can give the child something to drink, breathing exercises or massage your earlobe.

If this state occurs quite often in children or the child complains of other symptoms, you should consult a doctor. The causes of constant hiccups in children can be hernias in the esophagus, pneumonia and even cancer.

Diagnostics

To determine the causes of the disorder in adults and children and select adequate treatment, it is necessary to conduct the following studies:

1. Analysis of the patient's medical history and complaints - frequency of occurrence and duration of the disease, dependence on food intake.
2. Examination of the life history - the presence of pathologies of the digestive organs, endocrine or respiratory system.

In some cases, the patient requires consultation with specialists - for example, a surgeon or gastroenterologist. You may also need to be examined by a neurologist and psychiatrist.

Ways to get rid of hiccups

Ideally, hiccups should stop involuntarily after about 5-15 minutes, but you can get rid of them faster at home. Help stop hiccups in children and adults special exercises:

1. You need to take a deep breath and then exhale the air little by little. In this case, before each exhalation you need to hold your breath a little.
2. Grasp the edges of the paper bag tightly with your hands and, pressing it to your face, breathe intensely and frequently. It is important to ensure that air does not enter the bag.
3. You can drink a glass of water in small sips.

It’s easy to get rid of hiccups at home if they are caused by digestive disorders. The following remedies will help remove this symptom:

• Eat sweet product– a spoonful of sugar or honey
• Eat something sour - for example, a slice of lemon
• Drink a glass of cold water
• If the condition is associated with alcohol consumption, you need to eat hot food.

Many people are interested in how to get rid of hiccups quickly. Stimulation helps stop this condition reflex zones. To do this you need to influence active points, in which the receptors of the nervous system are localized.

Treatment of hiccups with medications

If no remedy helps, treatment is to use medications. This condition can be cured by a doctor who will determine the causes of this symptom.
Typically, tablets are prescribed for persistent or frequent hiccups - for example, if this symptom does not go away throughout the day. Drug treatment carried out in the following situations:

• The symptom occurs regularly
• The attack does not go away for more than 48 hours
• Accompanied by heartburn and painful sensations behind the sternum
• The condition is caused by various diseases.

In addition, the doctor may treat based on symptoms:

1. For high excitability of the nervous system and stress, antipsychotics are prescribed. They help normalize the functioning of the nervous system and reduce the speed of transmission of impulses from the brain to organs and systems. Your doctor may prescribe a hiccup remedy such as Chlorpromazine or Aminazine.
2. If the vagus nerve is irritated or pathologies of the respiratory system develop, muscle relaxants are prescribed. They promote relaxation skeletal muscles and reduce the excitability of the diaphragm. IN in this case The medicine Baclofen helps stop the disease.
3. Get rid of hiccups after eating, drinking alcohol or having problems with digestive organs antiemetic drugs help, which reduce sensitivity nerve cells. Treatment can be carried out with the help of Cerucal.

Motor stimulants are also indicated digestive tract. This treatment helps food move through the intestines as quickly as possible and helps relieve the feeling of fullness in the stomach. Peristil or Cisapride will help stop hiccups.

In addition, treatment can be carried out using blockers histamine receptors. These drugs reduce the synthesis of hydrochloric acid and eliminate inflammation during gastritis. Treatment is carried out with Omeprazole. Its duration is determined by the state of health.

What are hiccups and why do they occur? 20 ways to get rid of hiccups.

About hiccups

Hiccups, with scientific point vision is characterized as convulsive jerky contractions of the diaphragm. Occurring as a result of simultaneous narrowing of the larynx and complete closure of the glottis, blocking air intake. The glottis is located in the middle part , right at the location of the vocal cords.

The exact causes of hiccups are unknown, but it is believed that digestive problems may cause hiccups. Sometimes hiccups occur as a result of neuroses.

In most cases, hiccups go away on their own without any treatment within a few minutes. Hiccups can occur in separate attacks, or in a series of attacks that occur rhythmically, the interval between each hiccup is approximately the same. For most people, hiccups are a minor inconvenience. And only if the hiccups do not go away throughout long period time, this may indicate a serious medical problem, and in this case, hiccups require treatment.

Prolonged bouts of hiccups occur more often in men than in women. When attacks of hiccups occur for a month or more, the hiccups are called chronic.

Causes of hiccups

The exact causes of hiccups are not fully known. Thanks to research, the circumstances, conditions and conditions that contribute to the occurrence of hiccups are known:

• Hot food, which can irritate the phrenic nerve (located near the esophagus).
• Binge eating.
• Food eaten too quickly.
• Sudden changes temperatures
• Carbonated drinks.
• Eating spicy foods.
• Dry food.
• Drinking alcoholic beverages.
• Some medical supplies cause hiccups: opiates, benzodiazepines (tranquilizers), anesthesia, corticosteroids, barbiturates.

Some diseases are associated with the appearance of hiccups:

• Diseases gastrointestinal tract: inflammatory disease intestines, obstruction small intestine, gastroesophageal ruflex disease.
• Diseases respiratory tract: pleurisy, pneumonia, asthma.
• Diseases affecting the central nervous system: , .
• Diseases that cause irritation of the cranial nerve: overgrowth of the thyroid gland.
• Psychological reactions human body on grief, excitement, state of excitement, stress, hysterical behavior.
• Diseases affecting metabolism: , .

Reader Questions

18 October 2013, 17:25 Hello! I was diagnosed with a neurological lump in my throat. Please tell me what drugs can quickly and effectively cure this disease. Thank you in advance

Sometimes the occurrence of hiccups is unexplained.

What complications can arise from hiccups?

With long and frequent attacks of hiccups, the following complications may occur:

• Weight loss, if hiccups occur at short intervals, it is very difficult to eat.
• Insomnia, frequent bouts of hiccups make it difficult to sleep.
• Fatigue, with prolonged bouts of hiccups, a person becomes exhausted if he cannot sleep and eat enough.
• With prolonged bouts of hiccups, a person cannot speak.
• , with severe and prolonged hiccups, clinical depression can develop.
• Healing of sutures after operations. At constant attacks hiccups, stitches take much longer after surgery.

help yourself

If hiccups are a consequence various diseases or medical conditions, then the medical problems need to be treated first.

Simple ways to help get rid of hiccups:

• Drink ice water slowly in small sips.
• Inhale, hold your breath for 10 seconds, exhale, repeat 3-4 times. Repeat every 20 minutes.
• Do light massage in the area of ​​the diaphragm.
• Gargle with very cold water.
• Place a slice of lemon on your tongue and suck on it like a lollipop.
• Place a drop of vinegar in your mouth.
• Breathe into a paper bag.
• Sit so that you can hug your knees and press your chest as close to them as possible. Sit in this position for a couple of minutes.
• Lean forward to release a slight compression of the chest.
• Stick out your tongue, grab the tip of your tongue with your fingers and pull it. This exercise stimulates cranial nerve, and reduces diaphragm spasms.
• Breathe in as much as you can breathe into yourself. Breathe in full breasts, don't exhale. Try to breathe in a little more, breathe in while you can. When you can no longer inhale or hold air, exhale.
• Breathe open mouth. Open your mouth and keep it completely open for a couple of minutes. Inhale every two seconds.
• Try to pull down the diaphragm a little. Inhale slowly until you feel that you can no longer inhale. Feel the diaphragm move down slightly towards the stomach; stretching the diaphragm may stop the hiccups.
• Use your tongue and ears. Inhale and exhale slowly. As you exhale, exhale as much air as possible (until you feel the need to inhale again). Do deep breath, stick out your tongue, hold your breath, pinch your nose and close your ears (hold your breath for 40 seconds). Exhale slowly.
• Cocktail straws. Take a glass of water and 2 straws. Insert 1 tube into a glass of water, and press the other tube with outside glasses. Place both straws in your mouth at the same time, and drink the water, taking the largest sips possible.
• spoon of sugar . Place a full spoon of brown sugar or honey in your mouth for 5 seconds. Swallow sugar/honey and drink water.
• Lie down on the floor, then stand up quickly.
• Cough. Count how many seconds pass between hiccup attacks. The second the hiccups should start. Start coughing loudly, or screaming loudly. Repeat 3-4 times.
• Just wait, in most cases, hiccups will go away on their own.

When frequent hiccups occur, the cause of its occurrence is easy to find and quickly deal with this scourge. WITH medical point In terms of vision, hiccups are a specific contraction of the diaphragm, which is accompanied by slight suffocation. This phenomenon occurs extremely rarely in some people, while in others it can occur several times a day.

Common Causes of Hiccups

Frequent hiccups can have a variety of causes. One of the most common factors that contribute to specific contraction of the diaphragm is overeating. You need to watch yourself. If hiccups occur a short time after a hearty meal, then the problem lies precisely in excessive food consumption. After all, when the stomach is full, disruptions occur in the digestive system. This is immediately signaled in the form of repeated shocks of the diaphragm. It begins to contract rapidly and periodically block the glottis. As a result, a person begins to have hiccups. In this case, it is recommended to reduce food portions. It is better to eat less food, but eat more often. You can go to fractional meals and include it in your diet more products, which are easily absorbed by the body: feta cheese, cottage cheese, kefir, vegetables.

Next possible reason appearance frequent hiccups - overuse alcoholic drinks. Alcohol quite often leads to intoxication of the body. At the same time, the body tries to get rid of harmful substances, and a specific contraction of the diaphragm often occurs. To avoid similar phenomenon, you should reduce the amount of alcoholic beverages you drink or completely abandon them.

Frequent hiccups may be caused by the following: irritation or damage to the nerves that control the functioning of the diaphragm muscles. Their dysfunction can be caused by diseases such as pneumonia and pleurisy. Certain foods can cause frequent hiccups medications which have side effects. Diabetes and impaired metabolism can provoke a specific contraction of the diaphragm.

Frequent hiccups are often the result of damage to the central nervous system. Damage may occur due to the presence of serious diseases. Another reason for the specific contraction of the diaphragm is hypothermia of the body. Therefore, it is important to dress warmly in the cold season and after bath procedures to stay in a heated room for some time.

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Rare causes of hiccups

If an adult has chronic diseases, then you shouldn’t be surprised that hiccups have become faithful companion. Another reason for its occurrence is benign or malignant tumor. The appearance of hiccups can be caused by disturbances in the functioning of the brain or too a large number of toxins in the body.

There are other reasons for the occurrence of specific contraction of the diaphragm, including:

• stroke;
• intracranial hypertension;
• pathologies of the biliary tract;
• diseases of the lungs and esophagus;
• metabolic problems;
• stretching of the abdominal walls;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• stress;
• hernia;
• glaucoma;
• sarcoidosis

In children, the appearance of frequent hiccups may be associated with a concussion, a sudden change in activity, excessive excitability or poor digestion of food.

Only a doctor can determine the exact cause of frequent hiccups. Therefore, with such a problem you should contact a specialist as soon as possible. He will perform an examination, diagnosis and, based on the results obtained, determine why frequent specific contractions of the diaphragm occur. After all, it will be important not only to cure hiccups, but also the illness that provoked it. If it is a consequence of incorrect eating habits, then you need to change your lifestyle.

Hiccups are manifested by impaired breathing in the form of convulsive contractions of the diaphragm muscles and involuntary extraction of sounds from the glottis. It is usually not recognized as a symptom of a disease, although it may pose a pathological threat that needs to be gotten rid of. A short-term muscle spasm can exist without obvious reasons, during an attack of which a person experiences exclusively aesthetic discomfort.

A traditional method of treatment can help get rid of the disorder, along with taking medications.

Medicines for hiccups are conventionally divided into two types.

Symptomatic medications - antispasmodics

If spontaneous, prolonged spasms occur, causing discomfort and chest pain, it is necessary to use medications based on active substance Drotaverine. Anti-hiccup tablets eliminate the disorder and associated discomfort. Antispasmodics relax muscles, improve work internal organs, restore blood circulation.

Drugs used:

Now let's look at remedies to treat the cause of hiccups.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

The occurrence of this pathology due to diseases of the esophagus or stomach requires careful determination of the causes of its occurrence. Medicines for gastrointestinal pathology are taken only after consultation with gastroenterological specialists.

Hiccups associated with nervous system dysfunction

Attacks occur not only due to problems with the stomach, but also when nervous stress, mental illness, dysfunction of excitation and inhibition in the nervous system. Spasms of nervous etiology are longer lasting and are tolerated much worse by humans.

Vagus nerve and respiratory system dysfunction

"Baclofen" - the drug is intended to quickly relieve an attack caused by irritation nervus vagus(nervus vagus). It has an analgesic effect and is used for strokes. The initial dosage for adults is 15 mg per day. Increase the dose over three days if necessary. Maximum daily dosage– 75 mg. The reduction in the amount consumed occurs gradually over two weeks. Do not use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. The dose is selected individually.

General principles of treatment

The use of medications is justified in cases of prolonged attacks. When prescribing antipsychotics, use drugs that do not have hypnotic or sedative effects. Antidepressants, in addition to relieving muscle spasms, improve the functioning of the nervous system.

The main causes of illness in children are identical to attacks in adults:

• Overeating – normalize the child’s diet.
• Stress, fear - normalization of the environment, if necessary, consultation with a psychotherapist.
• The presence of a disease of the digestive tract, nervous system or respiratory system - finding out the cause and curing it under the supervision of a doctor.

Prolonged hiccups and additional symptoms

When a hiccup attack lasts more than an hour, it is accompanied by pain in the chest or stomach and repeats daily - go to the hospital immediately. Under the guise of ordinary hiccups, heart attacks, strokes and serious illnesses gastrointestinal tract. The condition may also be accompanied by heartburn and difficulty swallowing.

In addition to the above treatment methods, operational view therapy, which is more often used in the presence of anatomical reasons pathology.

Hiccups are intense, involuntary, stereotypically repeated short intense respiratory movements when the glottis is completely closed or narrowed. When we hear a strangled sound, this is a consequence of the closing of the gap.

When a person periodically hiccups, it causes short-term inconvenience. But if the process takes a long time and often at an intense pace, the violation complicates existence and negatively affects the quality of life. Let's look at what causes hiccups to form.

The signals for the occurrence of hiccups are divided into four types.

Caused by physiological factors:

• the body is hypothermic - when the body suddenly cools down, a person begins to hiccup;
• incorrect body position when eating, during sleep (body bending, intense bending);
• a full stomach (overeating puts pressure on the diaphragm, causing contractions);
• fright;
• pregnancy for later(the fetus presses into the area of ​​the respiratory muscle - involuntary contractions begin, hiccups occur).

Caused by hepatotoxic effects of substances or factors:

• entering the body toxic substances(anesthesia, substances included in medications, for example, Dexamethasone, which has a mass side effects, among them hiccups, hormonal drugs, sleeping pills Thiopental, a group of drugs that affect the human GNI Phenazepam, etc.);
• alcohol is the cause this symptom with repeated constant use (toxins negatively affect the azygos muscle);
• intoxication with toxic substances (arsenic, carbon monoxide).

Pathological changes in the functioning of nerve structures:

• stressful, hysterical states;
• CNS damage cancer cells(benign tumors);
• neurological disorders (cerebral hemorrhages, encephalitis, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, etc.).

Which are indirect manifestations of diseases:

Types of hiccups

They are divided into types, depending on the duration of the disease:

1. Short-term - occurs 1-2 times per day, disappears within 20 minutes.
2. Persistent - from one hour to 48 hours. Defined as persistent.
3. Unstoppable - 30-60 days. If it does not stop after two months, it is considered persistent and lasts forever.

Episodic has physiological origins. The other two forms have pathological causes appearance.

How to eliminate an unpleasant symptom?

The answer to the question of how to get rid of hiccups lies in the causes of their occurrence. An adult, having undergone an examination, if it is not possible to detect on his own etiological factors the occurrence of malaise, you must find out why the hiccups attack.

Physiological hiccups

Hiccups caused by physiological signals, according to doctors, are the body pushing out excess air formed in the stomach.

In this case, it is easy to stop short, intense respiratory movements - you just need to eliminate the factor that caused the appearance: get rid of hypothermia, remove carbonated drinks from the diet, change body position, etc. Does not require medical intervention.

The illness is not pleasant; sometimes we hiccup when the phenomenon is inappropriate, for example, at a meeting or meeting. Intense sudden muscle contractions, although not so painful, cause discomfort and embarrassment. Therefore, people are trying to find methods to immediately eliminate involuntary contractions of the diaphragm.

Elimination techniques at home:

• Drink boiled water- a popular method that combines three methods: drink a glass of water in tiny sips; drink half a glass in a bent position; Drink fluids while doing physical exercise.
• Hold your breath for 10-20 seconds.
• Eat bitter or sour product(with stimulation taste buds irritation occurs peripheral parts human NS). This switches the body - the vagus nerve, innervating abdominal cavity, does not get excited, the hiccups stop, as the cause is eliminated.
• Suppression of reflex contractions by irritating receptors in the pharynx. Touch the sky with two or three fingers and hold in this position until you feel that the hiccups have stopped.
• Ask someone to scare you. Unexpected fright - additional method combating an undesirable condition in a hiccupping person. This is due to the switching of the dominant focus of the central nervous system and the formation of a focus of excitation in another place.
• A piece of sugar placed on the tongue is swallowed by a hiccupping person.

What else makes a troublesome synonym disappear? We will describe methods that are used less often. Residents of one state in the USA treat hiccups in babies this way - they tie 2 fabric strips around the circumference of the head, one on the bridge of the nose and the other on the forehead, and between them there is a bright thread. Bright color attracts the child's attention, the baby stops hiccupping.

Gymnastic exercises (squats, bends) distract the attention of the nervous system. Exercise stress improves blood circulation, corrects breathing, optimizes metabolism in the body. So, to stop hiccups after overeating, it is wise to use this method.

When tickled, breathing is reflexively held, and within seconds the hiccupping person’s spasms disappear.

Stick out your tongue far and support it with your fingertips for 1 minute - according to legend, the American president once used the described method.

Pathological hiccups

Pathological hiccups are divided into three types:

1. Central (mediated by lesions of the central nervous system).
2. Peripheral (present in diseases that affect or irritate the trigeminal nerve).
3. Toxic.

For pathological nature The disease is characterized by relapses. This exhausts the body of a person suffering from prolonged hiccups and brings changes to psychological state. It will not be possible to eliminate it on your own - a thorough examination is required to clarify the etiology and mechanisms of the disease. If the phenomenon was brief and there was no recurrence of hiccups, there is no cause for concern. But if this lasts for 1-3 days, it means that fundamental health changes have developed, it is advisable to immediately contact a medical facility.

Amazing facts about unwanted contractions of the diaphragm and how to eliminate it

Scientists and the whole world are still wondering about the origin of muscle spasms. abdominal wall and the main respiratory muscle. This means that many theories of origin and methods of treatment have been formulated. But even with modern methods diagnostics - hiccups remain unstudied until the end.

Medical scientist from America F. Feismar, together with fellow doctors from the Israeli medical center described a unique method for eliminating the phenomenon of spasm of the respiratory muscle. Researchers have suggested eliminating hiccups by massaging the prostate gland.

Facemar and like-minded people, after a series of studies, came to the conclusion that sex is universal. In an interview for a British popular science magazine, the scientist stated that orgasm stimulates the vagus nerve, which innervates the stomach and lungs. True, in 2006, scientists were awarded the Anti-Nobel Prize in the field of medicine.

Jerry Randell got rid of an obsessive, debilitating condition in 1988 as a result of rectal massage.

Michael Oberman's spasmodic contractions of the respiratory muscle, which lasted four days, stopped after orgasm during intercourse.

Chinese medicine uses in practice acupressure and acupuncture.

Diagnosis and drug treatment:

• Collecting information about individual characteristics body by questioning the subject.
• Establishment of time, frequency and characteristics of the course.
• Consultations and diagnostic studies gastroenterologist, psychiatrist, surgeon.

Therapeutic treatment methods are effective after a thorough examination of the anamnesis and identification of the occurrence factors.

In elimination pathological types hiccups require medical intervention. The therapy is designed to neutralize the preconditions for the occurrence of hiccups.

Doctors use four types of drugs:

• Medicines that suppress spasms.
• Psychotropic action.
• Anticonvulsants (to relieve muscle cramps).
• Psychotropic (to eliminate psychotic disorders).

Group 1: no-spa - relieves spasms. The effect occurs after two days. It is used in children from the age of six. Spasmonet - reduces muscle tone.

Group 2: when the etiology of origin lies in disorders of the digestive tract. Omeprazole, Cerucal - for the purpose of preventing reflux and hiccups. Atropine - relaxes muscle tissue internal organs.

Group 3: in case of failures in the NS, the following is prescribed: Haloperidol - for severe attacks, has a calming and relaxing effect. Pipolfen is an anti-allergy medicine designed to block receptors in the central nervous system.

Group 4: for pathologies trigeminal nerve or respiratory organs. Baclofen is a pain reliever with a calming and relaxing effect.

The use of medications is advisable after being prescribed by the attending physician.