Unusual dryness in oral cavity may be a symptom of inflammation of the sublingual salivary gland(sialoadenitis), which is located near the root of the tongue just under the mucous membrane.
The cause of the disease is most often bacteria and viruses, which, penetrating the body, contribute to the development various kinds infections. As a result, problems arise related to the functioning of the digestive system.
Inflammation in all areas salivary glands have a similar clinical picture:
If the patient is not given timely assistance, the appearance of abscesses and even breakthrough of ulcers into the oral cavity is possible.
CT scan of the neck - sialadenitis
Inflamed salivary glands
The disease can be either primary (develops as a result of a viral infection in the mouth) or secondary, which occurs after suffering other inflammatory processes. In the second case, the causative agent is fungi and bacteria.
Pathogenic microorganisms penetrate through the ducts of the glands, with the lymph flow, bloodstream and by contact for such diseases:
Lymphogenic sialadenitis is a direct consequence of immunodeficiency, which is expressed in the form of swelling, gradually turning into phlegmon or a dense abscess. Contact sialadenitis occurs as a result of rupture of ulcers in the area of the salivary glands, after which purulent discharge appears in the saliva.
In turn, salivary stone disease provokes swelling mainly during meals, but the formed stones often have to be removed using surgical methods.
Sometimes sialadenitis develops in people suffering from oncological diseases. In such cases, inflammatory processes occur against the background general decline immunity. Similar risk factors include prolonged fasting and dehydration.
The causative agents of sialadenitis enter newborns through the placenta from the mother.
The sublingual glands often become inflamed simultaneously with the submandibular glands. In such cases, it is necessary to consult a dentist or otolaryngologist, depending on the diagnosis.
Usually this disease is diagnosed during the initial examination, but if there is a suspicion of the development of ulcers or abscesses, the doctor may prescribe additional examination. In such cases, it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound or CG tomography. Most effective way diagnostics in in this case considered an MRI.
The choice of treatment methods for sialadenitis depends entirely on how quickly the patient responded to the appearance of painful sensations and unusual dryness in the oral cavity:
If food is difficult to chew, it must be crushed using a blender or grater.
Home remedies are also used quite often to treat inflammation in the salivary glands. Time-tested recipes are prepared from a wide variety of natural ingredients:
The salivary glands produce saliva, which is directly involved in the digestion process. may be due to infection.
How to choose pasta for sensitive teeth, we'll tell you.
Means to combat hypersensitivity teeth are presented.
Add alcohol (50 ml) to a container with crushed propolis (20 g) and shake thoroughly for half an hour.
The medicine is infused for about a week, after which it is filtered through gauze and taken according to the following scheme: the first day - 20 drops, and then 40 in three doses, dissolving the product in milk or plain boiled water. Course – 3 months.
Natural tinctures and decoctions are effective at the initial stage of the disease, so it is important not to waste time.
To prevent the development of inflammatory processes in the area of the salivary glands, it is necessary, first of all, to strictly observe the rules of oral hygiene. Doctors recommend Special attention pay attention to the health of gums and teeth, because caries, periodontitis and others dental diseases are often the root cause of the development of sialadenitis.
It is also important not to ignore viral infections and acute respiratory infections, because even a seemingly mild cold can lead to such unwanted complications as inflammation of the sublingual gland.
When caring for the oral cavity, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the teeth, but also to the tongue, gums, and tonsils, which can serve as a hotbed for the development of infections.
You can also avoid stagnation in the sublingual salivary glands if you regularly massage them at the exit points with the tongue. Gum massage is also useful, as it prevents the development of many infectious diseases that contribute to the development of sialadenitis.
At the slightest sign disturbances in the process of salivation, you should immediately begin irrigating your mouth with a solution of regular citric acid. This simple procedure will help cleanse the salivary ducts quickly and naturally. A decoction of chamomile, plantain and calendula helps well. To prepare the product 1 tsp. herbal mixture you need to pour a glass of boiling water.
Rinsing is carried out as many times as possible during the day.
The disease can be detected in a timely manner through a daily examination of the oral cavity.
The advanced stage of sialadenitis often becomes chronic, which requires long-term treatment.
Inflammation of the sublingual glands is most often caused by the penetration of bacteria and viruses into them, as well as as a result of blockage of the salivary ducts. In such cases, it is very important to consult a doctor promptly.
Without an accurate diagnosis and professional treatment the disease develops into an acute form, which often requires surgical intervention.
The salivary glands in humans play important role in digestion. It is in the mouth that the first stage of food processing occurs. While chewing food, a person moistens it with saliva. It is secreted by three large salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular and sublingual. In addition to these three glands, the human mouth also contains smaller salivary glands, which are also involved in the digestion process. During the day, depending on various factors, approximately a liter to two liters of saliva are released.
Who treats, which doctor should I contact? .
The salivary glands, like all organs, can become inflamed, and when protracted process rocks form there. This is the most common problem with these organs it is called sialadenitis. Due to the peculiarities of their location, the parotid glands most often become inflamed, much less often the sublingual and submandibular glands.
Inflammation of the salivary glands is difficult to miss, since this disease makes itself felt with rather unpleasant symptoms.
Inflammation of the salivary glands occurs due to the penetration of bacteria or viruses there. Viral infection most often affects the parotid salivary glands. This disease is called mumps, or simply put, mumps. In newborns, inflammation of the salivary glands is caused by the presence of congenital cytomegalovirus - this is one of the complications of this disease.
If we talk about bacteria, these are most often staphylococci, pneumococci and streptococci. They are activated in the presence of an unfavorable situation for the body, against the background of other diseases. In some cases, bacterial inflammation of the salivary glands may occur due to surgical procedures. The fact is that the anesthesia given to the patient significantly inhibits the function of the salivary glands. If after surgical intervention If you do not take care of oral hygiene, bacterial inflammation may begin.
Inflammation of the salivary glands can be acute in form. Such patients need to be observed in a hospital of various profiles. Children most often enter infectious diseases departments with a diagnosis parotitis. Adults with acute sialadenitis are placed in infectious diseases departments after gynecological operations, for abdominal cavity– it is during such operations that sialadenitis most often becomes a complication. Acute sialadenitis is divided into types depending on what caused the disease: viral sialadenitis or bacterial sialadenitis.
Influenza sialadenitis – one of the types of viral sialadenitis. Most often, people with the flu or those who have recently had the flu complain of acute pain and discomfort in the salivary glands. With this type of sialadenitis, patients feel all the symptoms described above. In addition, they note general weakness, an increase in body temperature to low-grade fever. The salivary gland area swells. The outflow of saliva is sharply reduced. With influenza sialadenitis, the acute period most often lasts one week, then the symptoms subside. However, the infiltrate itself persists; it resolves quite slowly, sometimes even several months. In this case, a seal may form, which can completely disable the gland - it will stop secreting saliva if the problem is not addressed in time. In this case, the doctor prescribes a puncture and collection of material for examination. In the laboratory, as a rule, the inflammation experienced is beyond doubt. With timely treatment, even at this stage, it is possible to restore the function of the salivary gland in most cases.
A much smaller proportion of patients, but still suffer from a severe form of influenza sialadenitis. In this case, the temperature rises significantly, painful sensations they do not give the opportunity to work, sleep, the patient’s life is focused on the painful area. Locally you can notice purulent melting and necrosis. Most often, this picture is observed first in one gland, and then penetrates into the steam room. The melting process occurs instantly - in just a couple of days, iron can lose its structure. The next stage after melting is necrosis. The surgeon, opening the purulent cavity, notes which areas are preserved and which are not capable of producing further saliva. In this case, only part of the gland is removed, provided that the excretory duct is preserved.
With influenza, sialadenitis occurs most often in the parotid gland, much less often in the submandibular gland. In almost fifty percent of patients, the inflammation spreads to the second gland. The minor salivary glands are rarely affected. To diagnose, the doctor presses on the gland, and pus usually flows out of it. In addition, the patient reports general information, characteristic of the disease. To treat influenza sialadenitis, oral irrigation with interferon is used (at least four times a day). If signs of secondary infection are observed, then an antibiotic must be injected into the gland; novocaine blockade helps.
If the salivary glands are inflamed and the situation is acute, with a high temperature, detection of a significant abscess, etc., then treatment with antibiotics is necessary. In this case, antibiotics justifiably affect the salivary glands and improve the situation. It is also necessary to ensure a constant flow of saliva so that natural drainage does not allow saliva to stagnate in the glands and create a threatening situation. In addition, dead bacteria that caused the disease are also removed with saliva. To do this, it is recommended to eat citrus fruits and chew gum. If inflammation of the salivary glands occurs too often, it develops into chronic stage, then patients are prescribed the injection of antibiotics directly into the salivary gland, and, if necessary, it is affected x-rays. Surgery in this case is the last stage in treatment when therapeutic methods do not help. Resection (removal) of the gland or part of it is performed.
Inflammation of the salivary glands (usually the major parotid glands) is called mumps. Most often it affects young children school age and mainly in the cold season.
Infection occurs by airborne droplets, the virus can also be transmitted through objects touched by sick people (for example, toys in kindergarten, which children lick).
It is detected in the gland on the third day, and on the sixth or seventh day the body secretes antibodies to this virus. Externally, the gland is swollen and hyperemic. In the ducts of the gland there is epithelium that dies. Mumps comes in three forms – mild, moderate and severe.
At mild form the glands are slightly painful, they swell only a little, there is no temperature. Usually within a week similar phenomena disappear. At average shape appear first general symptoms– chills, weakness, lack of appetite, myalgia, headache. The temperature is subfebrile. Swelling forms quite quickly. Children have problems with salivation, they find it difficult to chew, and they ask for water. After three to four days, this condition usually improves.
The salivary glands are of no small importance in the digestive process. When chewing food, it is moistened with saliva produced by the glands. In addition, saliva prevents the penetration of bacteria and viruses, thanks to it the oral mucosa does not dry out.
In the oral cavity there are small large paired salivary glands - sublingual, submandibular, parotid. If inflammation of the salivary gland occurs, otherwise called sialadenitis, the amount and composition of saliva secreted changes, digestion is disrupted, and the protection of the oral cavity decreases.
Penetrating into the salivary glands, bacteria and viruses cause an inflammatory process. This may happen in the background viral infections, for example, during flu or pneumonia.
If the parotid salivary glands are affected by viruses, mumps or mumps develops. The disease is common, especially in children. If it appears in adults, treatment becomes more complicated.
Inflammation can be caused by:
They are activated against the background of general weakness of the body and reduced immunity.
The inflammatory process can begin after surgery. Anesthesia administered before surgery has a depressing effect on the functioning of the salivary glands. If you take care of oral hygiene in time, you can avoid bacterial inflammation.
Diseases of the salivary glands often manifest themselves in oncology due to reduced immunity. Infection can enter the salivary ducts due to inflammation of the lymph nodes, gums, stomatitis, and diseased teeth.
There have been cases of inflammation in newborns. The reason for this is the cytomegaly virus, which during pregnancy passes through the placenta and infects the fetus.
Inflammation of the salivary glands is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms:
If the parotid glands are inflamed, you may feel pain in the ear, temple, and head. Similar symptoms observed with otitis, which complicates diagnosis at an early stage.
There is constant pressure on inflamed area salivary gland. This indicates the accumulation of purulent infiltrate.
Acute sialadenitis is of two types: viral and bacterial, depending on what is the causative agent of the disease.
One of the varieties viral disease– influenza sialadenitis. Usually appears during or after the flu. There is discomfort in the affected area, sharp pain, general weakness, fever. In addition, swelling occurs in the gland area, and the outflow of saliva decreases. Acute period lasts about 7 days, then the symptoms disappear, but an infiltrate remains, which resolves slowly. In this case, a compaction forms and salivation may stop. Correct treatment even at this stage of development of the disease it is able to restore the activity of the salivary gland.
Particularly severe forms of influenza sialadenitis are rare. Severe pain occurs and body temperature rises. Purulent melting and necrosis may occur. The disease, starting in one gland, can spread to the steam room. The structure of the gland changes in just a couple of days. After purulent melting, necrosis begins. Surgery required.
Influenza sialadenitis develops in most cases in the parotid gland, rarely in the submandibular gland. In 50% of cases, inflammation of the salivary gland spreads to the steam room. Treatment consists of irrigating the oral cavity with interferon. If there are signs of secondary infection, antibiotics are injected into the gland. Small salivary glands become inflamed extremely rarely.
With vitamin deficiency, impaired water-salt metabolism, a violation of the properties of the secretion of the salivary gland can develop salivary stone disease. Salivary stones form in the sublingual glands. Salivary blood clots or foreign bodies in the duct. Increasing in size, the stone clogs the duct. This is accompanied by severe pain and accumulation of pus. Massage of the duct, heat compresses or removal of stones are prescribed.
If symptoms appear indicating the onset of inflammation of the salivary glands, you should consult a dentist. If treated in a timely manner, treatment proceeds quickly.
If pus appears when pressing on the affected area, a surgeon will be needed. In such a situation, the inflamed area is opened, the pus is removed and drainage is placed.
If an acute form of disease of the salivary glands is observed, then it is prescribed hospital treatment. Symptoms of mild forms of inflammation are relieved by rinsing the mouth with a solution of soda, furatsilin or potassium permanganate. To reduce elevated temperature, antipyretic drugs are prescribed.
Physio helps therapeutic treatment:
If inflammation is accompanied by symptoms characteristic of acute form diseases – elevated temperature, significant abscess, etc. - a course of antibiotics is prescribed. A constant flow of saliva is necessary, which helps remove the bacteria that cause the disease. To do this, it is recommended to include in the diet:
If inflammation occurs frequently and becomes chronic, then antibiotics are injected directly into the salivary gland.
Surgery is required if therapeutic treatment does not work. Then the gland is removed completely or part of it.
In children most often, especially in cold period, mumps develops. It is transmitted by airborne droplets, but can also spread through objects. The disease manifests itself in the gland on day 3, and after 7 days the child’s body produces antibodies to this infection.
With a mild form of mumps, there is slight swelling, mild pain, and the temperature does not rise. Within a week the symptoms disappear.
In the moderate form, general symptoms appear at the onset of the disease:
Improvement occurs on days 3–4.
In severe cases, both glands are affected. Inflammation may move from the parotid glands to the submandibular glands, causing the neck to swell and difficulty swallowing. The development of the disease leads to the release of pus. The child's temperature may rise to 40°C. This form of mumps is dangerous due to complications; meningitis, encephalitis, and paralysis may develop. optic nerve. The disease is curable, but if the brain and central nervous system, then the prognosis is unfavorable, death is possible.
IN for preventive purposes it is necessary to monitor the condition of the oral cavity, preventing the occurrence of inflammatory processes, and promptly treat gum diseases and caries. Otherwise, the disease may become chronic.
Inflammation of the salivary gland is classified as quite insidious diseases. There are frequent cases of its practically asymptomatic occurrence at the initial stage of development. Therefore, it is very important to promptly suspect and diagnose the disease in order to carry out surgical treatment.
Large salivary glands are located on the surface of the human oral mucosa. The first pair - parotid - are located under and in front auricle and are the largest.
The two submandibular glands are located directly below lower jaw, and the third pair, consisting of the sublingual salivary glands, is localized in the area of the floor of the oral cavity on both sides of the tongue. All salivary glands are busy producing saliva; the process is carried out through special ducts located in the human oral cavity.
Inflammation of any of the salivary glands is called sialadenitis. The parotid glands are most susceptible to the disease; less often, the inflammatory process affects the submandibular and sublingual glands.
As a rule, the disease develops secondarily, however, cases have been reported and primary form diseases.
The developing inflammatory process leads to a malfunction in the process of salivation, after which it can cause the occurrence of salivary stones, which in to a greater extent the submandibular salivary glands are affected.
In particularly difficult cases, obstruction (blockage) of the salivary duct is observed.
The primary cause of sialadenitis is infection. The role of pathogens is played by various harmful microorganisms. Typically, the mixed bacterial flora found in the salivary glands consists of staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci.
Provoking factors may also include:
Bacteria and viruses reach the salivary glands through foreign bodies: hygiene items, hard foods, etc. In the case of sialadenitis, a hematogenous or lymphogenous method of infection occurs.
Regardless of which salivary gland is affected, the symptoms of the disease are the same. Acute sialadenitis at the initial stage is manifested by tissue swelling.
This is followed by infiltration, suppuration and the process is completed by necrosis of the salivary gland tissue. A scar remains at the site of the lesion. Often the acute form of the disease stops its development at the very beginning of the process.
The patient experiences the following series of symptoms:
Inflammation of the sublingual gland may also be accompanied by a feeling of discomfort under the tongue and at the moment of opening the mouth, pain under the tongue. Painful sensations with damage to the submandibular salivary gland are paroxysmal in nature, often severe pain observed at the bottom of the mouth.
As the disease progresses, mucus, pus, and epithelial cells appear in the saliva.
The chronic form of sialadenitis does not express itself so clearly. In the process of growing connective tissue the ducts of the gland are compressed in the stroma, the latter increases in size, but not immediately. There is no pain in the inflamed gland.
Sialadenitis can occur in acute and chronic forms.
The following types of acute forms of sialadenitis are distinguished:
The photo shows acute sialadenitis of the parotid gland in a child
Depending on the causes of the disease, the following types are distinguished: chronic form sialadenitis:
The photo shows interstitial inflammation
In the absence of proper treatment for sialadenitis, the following consequences are possible:
Treatment of the disease may involve the prescription of antibacterial or antiviral drugs medicines, it depends on the type of causative agent of sialadenitis. In the case of a viral form of the disease, they resort to irrigation of the oral cavity with interferon; in the case of bacterial sialadenitis, proteolytic enzymes are instilled into the gland duct.
In case of an abscess, it is necessary to open the abscess. In the case of strictures (narrowings), bougienage of the ducts of the affected gland is prescribed; in the case of stones, their removal by one of the methods (lithotripsy, lithoextraction, etc.) is indicated.
Removal of the submandibular gland with stone:
In the process of treating the disease, a special place is occupied by physiotherapeutic measures, such as:
In addition, the patient is recommended to observe the rules of oral hygiene. You should brush your teeth twice a day, and use it after every meal, you must not forget about dental floss and, of course, quit smoking.
You should also pay attention to your diet. Food should be well chopped and have a soft structure. Drinking plenty of warm drinks - juices, fruit drinks, milk, rosehip decoction - will help the affected salivary glands recover.
Treatment of the chronic form of sialadenitis, unfortunately, cannot always give the desired effect. A cure for the disease is not guaranteed. During an exacerbation, the patient is prescribed antibiotics and drugs that stimulate the process of salivation. Antibacterial therapy and the use of direct current are indicated.
The traditional method of treating sialadenitis will be perfectly complemented by:
Sialadenitis of the salivary gland is a very complex disease, the development of which is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms.
Fortunately, modern medicine able to win the fight against the disease, however, a lot depends on the patient. The patient’s attentive attitude to his own health is an undeniable key to success.
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