Hypotension or, more simply put, low blood pressure most often affects young women, as well as teenagers and the elderly. If your pressure readings do not exceed 105/65 mm. rt. Art, you can say with confidence that you have arterial hypotension - decreased tone vessels.
Blood pressure readings of 120/80 are considered normal.
Upper or systolic pressure in hypotensive patients usually does not exceed 100 mm Hg. Art., and the lower or diastolic can drop even to 40 mm Hg. Art. Similar indications can be observed already from childhood in people with an asthenic physique (tall and thin pale-faced people).
It is much more difficult for such people to regain strength after any overexertion. They may experience weakness even, for example, as a result of a sudden change in body position when getting out of bed. Hypotonic people usually find it difficult to tolerate stuffiness and often get motion sickness in transport.
It must be said that reduced lower pressure is observed when pathological conditions, A upper pressure may also decrease during physiological adaptation reactions. Lower and upper pressure also decreases with overwork.
Low blood pressure symptoms
Hypotensive patients may experience different symptoms. This may include fatigue, lethargy and severe weakness in the morning, memory impairment, apathy, decreased performance. There is also a feeling of lack of air at rest and severe shortness of breath during physical exertion, and the appearance of swelling of the extremities in the evenings.
Many patients are also characterized by severe emotional instability, sleep disturbances, and decreased libido. Symptoms may also include heartburn, constipation, a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region, flatulence, belching, etc. Some also suffer from heart pain, headaches, etc.
Sometimes a hypotensive person may only complain of a headache after nap or mental stress. Some may experience dizziness with hypersensitivity To bright light, noise or tactile stimuli. Sometimes they experience staggering when walking and fainting. Temporary joint and muscle pain may also occur.
Moderate hypotension is not considered a disease. It is rather a feature of the body that can be controlled and predicted. In people with low blood pressure there are even certain advantages. They, unlike hypertensive patients, can afford coffee or strong black tea in the morning. As scientists have established, hypotension inhibits the process of atherosclerosis.
In addition, for many people, low blood pressure is considered a physiological norm and normalizes with age. Therefore, even if you have low blood pressure wellness, you shouldn't even worry about this. This is just a feature of your body, so-called physiological hypotension.
If you are worried frequent dizziness, headaches, fainting and ringing in the ears, you must definitely go to the doctor, because this may be a symptom of some disease. In addition, it is worth saying that as the body ages, hypotension can turn into hypertension, which is why after the age of 40 it is imperative to control your blood pressure.
Why low blood pressure
Hypotension can be caused by two types of reasons. The first of them is quite harmless and consists in the fact that the body cannot adapt to changes external environment- changes in temperature, pressure, precipitation, etc.
This happens because the autonomic nervous system does not show an adequate response to impulses that come from outside, as a result of which the brain does not receive necessary nutrition in sufficient quantities. This is not yet a disease, but already a borderline (pre-morbid) condition that can seriously poison your life.
A more serious cause of low blood pressure is heart failure. In this case, we are talking about the fact that a decrease in pressure may be a symptom of a disorder heart rate, coronary heart disease or heart disease.
Hypotension is often observed with pulmonary embolism, as well as infectious diseases and diseases abdominal cavity. In this situation, it is necessary to treat the disease itself, and not its symptoms. Considering the fact that hypotension is caused by a violation cerebral circulation, during treatment it is extremely important to be examined by a cardiologist and neurologist.
Your health may worsen even with minor physical activity, there is a desire to lie down, and this is not at all because the person is lazy, but simply because horizontal position body helps improve blood circulation. The patient's relatives should know about this and give the person the opportunity to rest more.
If 7-8 hours of sleep is enough to recuperate healthy person, then at low pressure it will take about 10-12 hours, and maybe more. This is a kind of protective reaction of the body. In addition, immediately after waking up, it is not recommended to get out of bed abruptly, as this can cause darkening of the eyes and even an attack of nausea, even to the point of fainting.
Low blood pressure what to do
Hypotension can also occur in a practically healthy person as a result of fatigue, as well as non-compliance healthy image life.
Factors such as stress, depression and nervous tension may lower blood pressure. Therefore, it is extremely important to learn to relax to counteract nervous overload. Hypotonic people are weather-dependent and very sensitive to changes in climatic conditions.
Products that lower blood pressure
Hypotension is often observed with a lack of vitamin E, group B (especially pantothenic acid), C, therefore it is recommended to pay attention to nutrition, focusing on certain foods.
Baker's and brewer's yeast, by-products (kidneys and liver), rice and wheat bran, whole grains, broccoli, peanuts and chicken are rich in pantothenic acid.
It is also important to get enough folic acid contained in lentils, cabbage, walnuts, tuna, wheat germ, salmon, sardines, spinach.
It is worth increasing the amount of citrus fruits consumed, as they contain essential oils help strengthen blood vessels. A decoction of rose hips, black currants, and sea buckthorn is also of great benefit.
A cup of hot chocolate will help you cheer up and come to your senses in the morning.
The drinking regime with low blood pressure also differs from the average norm. It should be large, since plain water helps level the level blood pressure. But it doesn’t have to be just plain water. You can also drink it mineral water, green tea and freshly squeezed juice.
A piece of cheese will also help to slightly increase your blood pressure, all thanks to the salt it contains. This is why you can eat cheese for breakfast and throughout the day if your blood pressure has dropped.
A low-energy diet can cause not only hypotension, but also severe headaches. It's all about lack of energy. For normal operation The brain must receive 150 g of glucose daily, which is why for headaches it is recommended to drink strong tea with sugar or honey.
Home Remedies
Traditional medicine offers many recipes for increasing blood pressure using decoctions and infusions medicinal herbs. These are elecampane, tansy, lemongrass leaves. Tinctures of eleuthorococcus, ginseng and golden root are also effective. It is necessary to take 15 drops daily for two months, and the last dose should be no later than two hours before bedtime.
A cup of sweet tea, drunk in small sips, with candy will also help increase blood pressure. Blood pressure will also help increase cold tea hibiscus You should still give up coffee, because its effect is only short-term, after which weakness will soon return and your blood pressure will drop again.
Under no circumstances should you give up a piece of dark dark chocolate, which is generally recommended for hypotensive patients to include in their regular diet. Freshly squeezed pomegranate juice It also raises blood pressure very well. It is recommended to drink a glass a day, but only so as not to damage tooth enamel, it is recommended to dilute it half with water.
Not only sweet foods, but also salty foods will help raise your blood pressure. These are, for example, salted vegetables, fish, cheeses, which help retain water in the body, which helps increase blood pressure. But here you should be careful, because this method cannot be used by people who suffer from diseases of the pancreas, kidneys and bile ducts. By the way, salt water will help bring a person out of a hypotensive crisis.
There is one more old recipe increasing blood pressure, which consists of drinking two tablespoons of Cahors three times a day for three days. This method is quite effective and very enjoyable.
People suffering from hypotension also benefit from baths with the addition of decoctions of medicinal herbs. You can, for example, take rosemary infusion orally, or you can add it to the bath. To do this, you need to brew two glasses of dry leaves with a liter of boiling water and let it brew for a couple of hours. After this, the infusion is filtered and poured into a warm bath, in which you need to lie for about 20 minutes.
Morning exercises and regular walks on fresh air Simply a must for hypotensive patients. Don't ignore and cold and hot shower.
Besides balanced nutrition For hypotensive people, other things are also important.
Hypotension can be physiological and pathological.
Physiological hypotension is congenital and is typical, as a rule, for people with an asthenic physique. People of this type are thin, have pale skin and blond hair. They are not very efficient and hardy, but their low pressure such people do not feel and live full life. And here the slightest increase pressure (even up to normal levels, that is, up to 120/80) is extremely difficult for them to tolerate.
Pathological hypotension occurs as a result of a number of factors.
Pathological causes of low blood pressure:
Blood pressure is considered low if the systolic (upper) level is below 100, and the diastolic (lower) level is up to 60 mmHg. Art. More often diagnosed in adolescence and among young people. Atherosclerotic vascular lesions can occur in older age groups due to loss of vascular wall tone.
Read in this article
Physiological hypotension can be constitutional, that is individual feature body. The following factors can lead to low blood pressure:
A decreased level of blood pressure occurs with sudden changes in vascular tone (as a manifestation state of shock) or develops over a long period of time against the background of hormonal, neurogenic and cardiac pathologies.
The most common cause of low blood pressure. Under the influence of prolonged stress, lack of sleep, depressive states or psychological overload, there is a violation of the coordination of the vasomotor center, which is located in the medulla oblongata. Vessels lose the ability to adequately respond to changes in atmospheric pressure and physical activity.
The compacted wall of blood vessels (due to the deposition of lipids and calcium) cannot quickly change the lumen of the arteries supplying blood to the brain. This causes disturbances in the activity of all structures, including the vascular center. Therefore, the regulation of peripheral blood circulation is carried out with pathological abnormalities. For older people, it is common to experience a drop in blood pressure with a sudden change in body position.
In case of severe injury, surgery, diarrhea, vomiting, or forced removal of fluid from the body, arterial hypotension may occur. This condition occurs with ulcerative or uterine bleeding, rupture of a vessel aneurysm, removal of exudate from the chest or abdominal cavity, excessive use of diuretics, sharp increase blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus.
Myocardium at acute ischemia or lack of coordination of movements muscle fibers(flickering, fibrillation) loses the ability to normal contraction and sufficient blood flow. The volume of blood flowing into the arterial bed can be reduced by excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac.
Cardiac tamponade A lack of hormones that promote vasoconstriction leads to low blood pressure. Endocrine diseases which are accompanied by hypotension - Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency), Simmonds' cachexia (low levels of pituitary and hypothalamic hormones), myxedema (hypothyroidism).
When exposed to a damaging factor high strength a redistribution of blood occurs in order to provide nutrition to vital centers - the heart and brain. This effect is called centralization of blood circulation. At the same time, the pressure in the vascular bed drops sharply. Similar conditions occur when heatstroke, strong pain syndrome, accumulation of toxins in the blood (poisoning, infection).
With intense impact cerebrospinal fluid abruptly moves to the brain, and with a hydrodynamic effect on the vasomotor center, its work is disrupted. Increasing intracranial pressure, and peripheral vascular tone decreases.
Many heart medications have the ability to lower blood pressure. arterial vessels– diuretics, nitrates, antispasmodics, antipsychotics, beta blockers, antihypertensives.
In addition, the disadvantage ascorbic acid, B vitamins, tocopherol and salt-free diet may contribute to hypotension.
Pregnant women experience frequent dizziness and weakness during pregnancy, often these manifestations occur from the very first weeks. The reasons for low blood pressure may be:
Compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus during pregnancy Hypotension is more often diagnosed in women with a sedentary lifestyle, insufficient intake of proteins and vitamins, drinking water during the period of bearing a child.
The lower level of blood pressure occurs when the ventricles are filled with blood, which is why it is called diastolic. Its level is influenced by the condition of the vessels, namely the level of their resistance.
Low diastolic pressure is a sign of the following pathologies:
There is very rarely a downgrade lower level pressure isolated with normal systolic. Most often, this situation occurs in healthy pregnant women with good condition heart muscle.
Systolic pressure depends on two parameters: myocardial rotation and aortic wall resistance cardiac output. Low level This indicator occurs in the following heart diseases:
If hypotension lasts for a long time, the body usually adapts to it, clinical manifestations may not be. This especially applies to physiological lowering of pressure.
Low level blood pressure against the background of endocrine or nervous system usually occurs with the following symptoms:
In more severe cases, and most often against the background of shock, thromboembolism pulmonary artery or traumatic brain injury, attacks of dizziness, loss of consciousness, and episodes of vision loss are observed.
A prolonged decrease in blood pressure leads to malnutrition of all organs. With such a lack of oxygen and nutrients the following changes occur:
Fainting with low blood pressure For older people, low blood pressure is dangerous due to the risk of impaired nutrition of the brain, which is already limited in systemic atherosclerosis. A sudden drop in pressure when changing position can lead to loss of consciousness, fall and injury.
An unfavorable prognosis for hypotension due to an acute vascular accident - stroke, heart attack or pulmonary thromboembolism.
Complex therapeutic measures includes treatment of diseases against which hypotension develops, general health procedures, lifestyle changes, and the use of pharmaceutical and natural drugs.
Ginseng tincture Of all cardiac diseases, hypotension is most amenable to correction with medicinal plants. Similar drugs belong to the group of plant adaptogens:
If you have low blood pressure, you need to pay attention to the duration of night sleep, after which it is recommended easy complex exercise before getting out of bed. There must be time during the day for therapeutic exercises and walks in the fresh air. A contrast shower stimulates well, which 
complete cool water, rubbing with a towel and light massage.
Acute, orthostatic or other arterial hypotension can occur in adults and children under a number of factors, including. Among the reasons is lack of sleep. Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and tachycardia. Treatment is prescribed with medications and lifestyle changes.
Hypotension (low blood pressure) is considered normal occurrence approximately 15% of the population. This term refers to a stable decrease in resistance force vascular walls that occurs during blood circulation, more than 20% of existing physiological norms. In almost half of the cases, the pathology is asymptomatic and does not in any way affect the patient’s well-being, but in some, even a slight deviation to a lesser extent can cause severe symptoms: headaches, migraine attacks, decreased performance. With an abrupt course of hypotension, the patient often feels dizzy.
Many people believe that only hypertension poses a danger to life, but this is not true. If hypotension has a chronic or spasmodic course, or the pressure periodically decreases to critical levels, the consequences can be very serious - even coma and death of the patient. To prevent this, you need to know the dangers of low blood pressure and be able to provide emergency assistance during a hypotensive crisis.
A normal blood pressure is considered to be 120/80 mmHg. The upper indicator characterizes the force of compression of the heart muscle at the moment of pushing blood into coronary arteries and is called systolic pressure. Diastolic pressure is the resistance force of the walls of arteries, vessels and capillaries at the moment the heart relaxes. If these indicators differ from acceptable limits, the patient is diagnosed with hypertension or hypotension.
The term “hypotension” refers to a chronic decrease in blood pressure, combined with disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Many factors can trigger an attack, for example:
Before diagnosing a patient, arterial hypertension“, the doctor assesses his condition and the degree of influence of deviations on the patient’s well-being. Almost half of people do not notice low blood pressure and live in their usual rhythm. In this case moderate deviation from the norm is not considered a pathology and does not require drug correction if all internal organs function without disturbances.
Doctors distinguish three types of hypotension, each of which is different clinical symptoms and has its consequences.
Important! Hypotension of the 3rd degree is the most dangerous for humans. If a patient’s blood pressure does not rise above 70/60 for a long time, the consequences can be very severe, so even in the absence external manifestations You should consult a doctor if you have a similar clinical picture.
Almost always, with hypotension, the movement of blood through the blood vessels is disrupted, and blood stagnation occurs. This results in the internal organs not receiving enough nutrients and oxygen needed for their functioning. normal functioning. The main function of blood is to transport oxygen molecules, vitamins and other useful elements to tissues and cells. The brain suffers the most from lack of oxygen.
This can manifest itself as constant headaches, fatigue, decreased concentration, and drowsiness. With low blood pressure, a person constantly feels tired, he cannot get enough sleep, even if the duration of sleep is physiological age norm(8-9 hours). In acute hypoxia, he may lose consciousness. If at this time there is no one nearby who could provide the necessary assistance or call medical team, the pathology can result in the death of the patient.
Note! Lack of oxygen can cause cerebrospinal fluid to accumulate in the ventricles of the brain space. This pathology called hydrocephalus of the brain. This is very dangerous condition, which if left untreated can cause irreversible disruptions in transmission nerve impulses. In addition, cerebral hydrocele increases the risk of strokes and micro-strokes by almost 5 times.
Low blood pressure is dangerous not only for brain cells, but also for the main muscular organ human body- hearts. Not only a lack of oxygen, but also an insufficient supply of minerals, including:
If the pressure is constantly lowered, the blood flow slows down and its circulation is disrupted. The result may be the development of chronic or acute heart failure. People suffering from stable low blood pressure should know that acute form heart failure is fatal dangerous pathology, the relief of which requires certain knowledge and skills.
Almost 70% of people with various forms hypotension is observed ischemic lesions myocardium. Coronary artery disease is one of the most common causes of heart attacks, therefore great importance has the prevention of this disease and timely treatment any heart and vascular diseases.
Important! The most severe consequence of hypotension is cardiogenic shock - this is heart failure of the left ventricle, which has an extreme degree and leads to the cessation of vital blood supply. important organs. Cardiogenic shock is almost always accompanied by cardiac arrest and in most cases ends in the death of the patient.
Low blood pressure during various bleedings is very dangerous, especially if they take a latent form. In women, breakthrough uterine bleeding that lasts more than 3-5 days is considered the most dangerous. With any blood loss, blood pressure decreases by approximately 10-15% of normal values. If a person suffers from hypotension, the readings can become critical. Consequences in in this case can be:
Chances of a favorable prognosis for bleeding against the background severe hypotension depend on the speed of delivery resuscitation care, so if there is any bleeding, you should not try to stop the bleeding yourself. The most reasonable decision would be to seek medical help.
Very often, against the background of low blood pressure, people develop vegetative-vascular dystonia. It can manifest itself in different ways, but it always negatively affects the patient’s quality of life, limiting his mobility. A person with various forms of vegetative-vascular disorders constantly experiences headaches, the intensity of which can reach such an extent that the patient confuses this symptom with a migraine attack. IN morning hours Muscle and joint stiffness and nausea may appear, independent of food intake.
Against the background of VSD, appetite is disturbed, extreme fatigue, weakness. In severe cases, the patient may completely lose ability to work. This is especially true for office workers who use a computer during the working day, and for knowledge workers. Students suffering from hypotension have a hard time preparing for exams because they are unable to concentrate on the material and remember it.
If there are disturbances in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, other pathologies may appear in a person, for example:
Important! With a systematic decrease in blood pressure, the patient often experiences behavioral changes: aggression and moodiness appear. The mood can change dramatically without any reason. Such manifestations are difficult for others to perceive, which can cause difficulties with adaptation in teams and lead to problems with socialization.
Low blood pressure also affects the level motor activity. Permanent bad feeling, headache, dizziness prevents you from doing your usual activities and moving at an active pace. Particularly unpleasant symptoms manifest themselves when bending forward and turning the head. Climbing stairs and running, even at a moderate pace, cause pulsation in the temples, shortness of breath, pain in the heart, so a person is forced to limit the usual level of movement.
This also does not go unnoticed. The consequences of a sedentary lifestyle can be:
Note! In addition to health problems, physical inactivity due to low blood pressure has a very negative impact on the patient’s quality of life. It becomes difficult for a person to do usual things: he cannot wash the floors, vacuum the apartment, or go to the grocery store. If urgent measures are not taken to eliminate the problem, even walking alone will become inaccessible for a person, since he will constantly need the help of others due to poor health.
Hypotension in pregnant women is considered normal and occurs in approximately every third woman expecting a child. It is very important to constantly monitor your well-being and avoid sudden surges in pressure. The main consequence of pathology during pregnancy is hypoxia. If there is not enough oxygen in a woman's blood, oxygen starvation develops in the fetus, since the child receives all substances (including nutrients, vitamins and oxygen) through the placenta, permeated blood vessels. Blood enriched with all necessary elements flows through the placenta to the baby from the mother.
Fetal hypoxia is a very dangerous condition that can cause birth defects development and defects of the genitourinary, nervous, cardiac and other critical systems body. Among them:
Even if the child is not diagnosed with severe congenital diseases, he may lag behind his peers in development, gain weight poorly, and have difficulty falling asleep. When a child turns 2-3 years old and goes to kindergarten, problems with adaptation and communication may appear.
Important! In 35% of cases, births in women with chronic hypotension are happening ahead of schedule. Prematurity increases risks various diseases and work disruptions internal organs, therefore it is important to treat low blood pressure if the doctor insists on it. The most dangerous period in this regard is considered to be the period from 20 to 24 weeks.
Hypotension is a disease that is not considered dangerous and is usually ignored unless accompanied by severe clinical symptoms. Many people do not know why low blood pressure is dangerous, so they do not take any measures to correct the condition and do not consult a doctor. This attitude to the problem can lead to quite unpleasant (and in some cases very serious) consequences, half of which have a high percentage deaths. To prevent this, you need to regularly monitor your blood pressure using a home blood pressure monitor and consult a doctor if, for three measurements in a row at an interval of a week, your blood pressure is more than 10 units below the established standards.
The medical community about 20 years ago came to the conclusion that arterial hypotension is not a disease. Low blood pressure does not lead to heart attacks and atherosclerosis, like hypertension, it is not life-threatening, and therefore there is no disease at all.
Meanwhile, people continue to suffer from symptoms of low blood pressure: lethargy, dizziness, weakness and constant feeling fatigue. Medicines and advice will help bring your blood pressure back to normal. traditional medicine, time-tested, and lifestyle changes.
Some people with blood pressure of 90/60 live their whole lives and feel great. For them, similar numbers on a tonometer mean operating pressure. Increasing the indicators to the norm of 120/80 will lead to a significant deterioration in their well-being. In most cases, such people can be distinguished by appearance: fair-haired with pale skin, thin build.
In other cases, the cause of low blood pressure may be:
depression (low blood pressure in conditions where nothing makes you happy and indifference to what is happening is a common occurrence);
bleeding (nasal, hemorrhoidal, uterine hemorrhage is almost always accompanied sharp drop pressure below normal).
It is likely that there will be a temporary decrease in blood pressure after visiting a bathhouse or sauna, thermal springs in completely healthy people.
Symptoms of hypotension may appear after sleepless nights, fasting, physical or mental fatigue, smoking.
Physical inactivity also often leads to a temporary decrease in blood pressure. Symptomatic hypotension may occur in people who are dehydrated after vomiting or prolonged diarrhea.
The most common cause of low blood pressure without concomitant diseases- stressful situations, overwork at work, poor nutrition and weather dependence.
Learn about low blood pressure from the Living Healthy program.
People with physiologically low blood pressure are considered lazy because they like to sleep. However, this desire is caused by the needs of the body; hypotensive people need to sleep at least 9 hours to feel rested.
It is advisable for people with low blood pressure not to get out of bed abruptly in the morning; after waking up, they need to move their arms and legs alternately, and only then get up slowly.
For hypotension it is necessary physical activity according to the person's age. Of the most common and gentle sports, you should prefer swimming in the pool, tennis, badminton, and volleyball. You can simply take 40-minute walks in the fresh air to improve muscle and vascular tone and get rid of tinnitus and headaches.
Hypotonic people cannot stand standing in line, walking through crowded places, they often yawn from lack of oxygen, so they should avoid crowds of people whenever possible.
Massage and hydromassage have a beneficial effect on blood pressure, but should be avoided if your blood pressure is low. sharp changes temperatures
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