Very strong, odorless, white discharge. How to prevent illnesses associated with this symptom? Differences in consistency

Many women worry about vaginal discharge. In some cases, their anxiety is not in vain. Although a small amount of them is a normal physiological process. But often they are a symptom of some gynecological disease, so an accurate diagnosis can be made by a gynecologist after a thorough examination.

However, there is one very common condition in which discharge is a very characteristic symptom. When abundant white, thick, odorless discharge appears, itching in the vagina, periodic nagging pain in the lower abdomen, we can talk about the presence of candidiasis.

Vaginal candidiasis, or thrush, is an extremely common disease. It is caused by yeast-like fungi - candida. These microorganisms are always present in small quantities on the skin, oral cavity, intestines and vaginal mucosa, but do not cause much concern.

However, when certain conditions(pregnancy, diabetes, taking hormonal contraceptives, antibiotic treatment, immunodeficiency, wearing synthetic underwear and tight clothing) the growth of candida fungi increases and candidiasis occurs. Also, fungi can easily be transmitted from a sexual partner during any type of sexual intercourse.

Symptoms of thrush

Candidiasis is called thrush precisely because characteristic discharge. Abundant, having white or yellowish color, they are practically odorless. But as the disease progresses, the discharge takes on a cheesy consistency and smells like sour milk. The disease is accompanied by itching, which intensifies at night. In the chronic form, itching is often the only symptom, which becomes worse after sexual intercourse, as well as before menstruation.

Vaginal candidiasis in some cases occurs without any symptoms at all and is detected only during a routine examination. In other cases, one or another form of thrush is detected in 80% of women and girls.

The occurrence of the disease does not always depend on sexual activity. Young girls can also get thrush. The activity of candida fungi, in this case, can be provoked by the use of antibiotics, violation of personal hygiene rules, or failure hormonal system.

Infection is possible from the intestines. This is due to close anatomical location anus and vagina.

There are three forms of vaginal candidiasis:

Candida carrier. In this case, there are no signs of the disease. But when examining a woman, according to test results (smear), an increased content of yeast-like fungi. In this case, with a decrease in immunity, Candida carriage can develop into a clinically pronounced form of the disease with the appearance of symptoms of the disease.

Acute form. This diagnosis is made when the duration of the disease is no more than two months. At the same time there are characteristic features thrush: thick, odorless discharge, vaginal itching, redness and swelling.

Chronic form of vaginal candidiasis. This form involves a disease duration of more than two months. Wherein acute manifestations symptoms subside and bother the woman less than with acute form diseases.

Recently, asymptomatic gynecological diseases, including those that are sexually transmitted, have been increasingly observed. There may not even be any discharge characteristic of most of them. With hidden asymptomatic There are no characteristic pains in the lower abdomen, menstrual irregularities or other symptoms. In this regard, every woman needs to visit a gynecologist for a preventive examination 1-2 times a year.

Treatment of candidiasis

Therapy consists not only of eliminating symptoms, but also preventing relapses of the disease. Symptoms of candidiasis are not difficult to cure. But in order to prevent the recurrence of the disease for a long time, you should serious treatment.

Treatment of candidiasis involves A complex approach. In acute form use antifungal agents local application. These are special creams, ointments, suppositories, vaginal tablets. The most suitable drug is selected by the doctor individually for each woman.

For the chronic form of candidiasis, antibiotic therapy and antifungal drugs are used. In this case, the general microflora is treated, since candidiasis can develop from the intestines. Among the antifungal agents, the drug fluconazole can be noted. In severe cases of the disease and frequent relapses, itraconazole drugs are used.

Candidiasis often takes this particular, chronic and relapsing form, as fungi become resistant to many topical and oral medications.

Therefore, if quite recently treatment was carried out with just one tablet, now gynecologists are increasingly having to prescribe antifungal agents. In this regard, treatment is carried out according to longer schemes.

To avoid such an extremely unpleasant disease, like thrush, follow the rules of personal hygiene, strengthen your immune system and avoid contact with the source of infection. Be healthy!

Let's look at what white discharge means. In medicine, the correct name for them is leucorrhoea. Which means increased secretion of an unusual consistency from the genitals. They can be: watery, yellow-white, milky-white, etc. and have a specific odor, cause burning and itching.

All women have a constitution designed in such a way that throughout their lives, with normal operation reproductive organs and the absence of diseases of the pelvic organs, there are discharges. This discharge is very scanty, has no specific odor and does not cause any discomfort to the woman.

The mucus that is secreted normally carries barrier function in the form of protection of the internal genital organs from infection. Mucus also protects the vaginal walls from dryness. These discharges are colorless or cream-colored. The volume of mucus secreted on average is 2-6 ml per day (but during the menstrual cycle the figures change). According to their consistency, they can be: liquid, medium-thick, thick. All this is considered the norm.

You may also notice an increase in the volume of vaginal secretions. This is also considered the norm. The main difference from pathological discharge this is that they have no odor and do not cause discomfort in the form of itching and burning. This may be due to the following points:

• 5-7 months before the onset of the first menstruation, an increase in vaginal secretion is observed. Liquid discharge white, without smell. This is all a consequence of perestroika hormonal levels.
• When the period of ovulation occurs (the mucus thins and becomes liquid).
• During sexual intercourse (to lubricate the vagina, preparation for sexual intercourse).
• During pregnancy (to protect the internal genital organs from infection).
• Usage intrauterine device.

Causes of discharge with odor

But if you begin to notice a whitish discharge that is causing you discomfort in the intimate area, then this is a reason to consult a gynecologist. The reasons for the appearance of odor-bearing discharge may be:

• candidiasis, fungal disease - thrush;
• inflammation of the vaginal mucosa as a result of infection with infectious diseases;
• vaginal dysbiosis (smell of rotten fish);
• infection after sexual intercourse (severe bad smell);
• improper intimate hygiene;
• genital disease.

Types of pathological white diseases

These discharges are divided into groups according to location, where a certain disease occurs:

• Uterine. They usually occur with: endometritis, uterine fibroids, polyps. Leucorrhoea purulent, watery.
• Pipe. This inflammatory process fallopian tubes In this case, there is a danger of accumulation of purulent contents due to the narrowing of the pipe opening. They can also be associated with fallopian tube cancer. This leucorrhoea is usually watery and may contain blood.
• Cervical. Causes discharge following reasons: endocrine diseases, inflammatory processes, infections, also diseases endocrine system. Such leucorrhoea is mucous.
• Vaginal. Occurs when: damage to the mucous membrane, improper hygiene, damage, infections.
• Vestibular. They are caused by: diabetes mellitus, inflammation, damage, improper hygiene, masturbation.

What does pathological discharge indicate?

Thick discharge

Thick, creamy, dense vaginal discharge may indicate the presence of harmful microbes in the female body. Thus, the following diseases can be assumed:

• thrush,
• infections urethra,
• inflammatory processes.

Liquid discharge

Liquid discharge that does not cause any discomfort and has no odor is the norm if you are ovulating. But if these discharges are permanent or have white impurities, then this indicates an inflammatory process. The reasons may be:

• erosion,
• inflammation of the cervix.

If present Strong smell, green tint, then this is a symptom of infectious diseases such as trichomoniasis, chlamydia, etc.

Mucus discharge

Mucous membranes can also be both normal and a sign of pathology. Normally, this discharge occurs before your period comes. But if this discharge is constant and has an unpleasant odor, then this may indicate the presence of an infection: vaginitis, gonorrhea, etc. Also, these discharges can occur in diseases such as:

• polyps,
• neoplasms,
• vulvar dermatitis.

Copious and curdled discharge

Abundant and cheesy discharge in any case indicates a pathological process in your body. The reason for the appearance of these discharges may be:

• thrush (discharge has a sour smell);
• adnexitis,
• inflammation of the fallopian tubes (discharge has no odor, has a yellow tint, and is profuse);
• bacterial vaginosis,
• colpitis,
• inflammation of the urethra (have a green or yellow-green tint).

Why does white discharge appear?

Before your period

During the month (menstrual cycle), a woman’s hormonal levels change, which leads to discharge different types. It is generally accepted that before menstruation occurs, the discharge usually intensifies and becomes white or creamy. There is no smell at all. And these discharges do not bring any discomfort to the woman. Pathological discharge is considered if it is accompanied by burning, itching and a bad odor.

During pregnancy

When a woman is pregnant, the woman's hormonal levels change dramatically. Vaginal blood circulation increases. And this is precisely what accompanies an increase in the volume of vaginal secretion, which helps prevent infection from entering the pelvic organs. Thus, an increase in whitish discharge throughout pregnancy is considered normal.

Many pregnant women are concerned about such discharge. They ask: can they in any way affect the child during childbirth? The answer is no. You don't need to worry.

During pregnancy, it is necessary to properly monitor intimate hygiene and wear loose underwear. And most importantly, remember that all discharge that is considered normal does not bring any discomfort.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, it is imperative. So sometimes there are cases when the white discharge increases and becomes yellow-white. This may be a harbinger of bacterial (fungal) diseases that can be cured immediately, without threatening the fetus.

During and after sexual intercourse

During sexual intercourse, it is considered normal that the white discharge increases. These secretions serve as a vaginal moisturizer, which promotes free entry of the male penis and reduces friction (which helps avoid micro damage to the vaginal walls).

After sexual intercourse, a woman observes white (yellowish) discharge. Why? During sex, a woman experiences an orgasm, which promotes a rush of blood to the genitals, resulting in the release of vaginal secretions in a large volume.

Plus, if sex was without a condom, then the male contents got inside the female body. In this case, after sex, you can observe discharge for a couple of days. The reason for this is the combination of sperm and vaginal contents.

Treatment of pathological whitish discharge

For correct and quality treatment you need to see a gynecologist. Pass certain tests. And only after that the doctor will prescribe you treatment.

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal agents are mainly prescribed.

The choice of remedy depends on the result of laboratory data, which shows what exactly caused the pathological discharge. At this stage, the following are mainly prescribed: Penicillin, Tetracycline, etc.

Then they use products to restore normal vaginal flora. As a rule, suppositories are prescribed: Clotrimazole, Hexicon, etc.

And basically they complete this treatment with physiotherapy.

Traditional methods of treating leucorrhoea in women

Baking soda

Baking soda is often used. Because baking soda has a destructive effect on fungi.

For preparation you need: 1 tablespoon of soda, 1 teaspoon of iodine per 1 liter of water. It is necessary to make baths in this solution, once a day for 1-2 weeks.

You can do douching with baking soda. To do this you need: 1 teaspoon of soda per 1 liter of water. Douching is done three times a day.

Pine buds

Pine buds are also used for douching. To do this you need: pour 20 grams of buds with two liters of boiling water, simmer it all over low heat for about half an hour. Then cool and douche 2-3 times a day.

Chamomile

Baths can be made with chamomile solution. Chamomile is known to have both anti-inflammatory and antifungal effect. To do this you need: pour 5 tablespoons of chamomile flowers with three liters of boiling water. Leave for about one hour. Baths are used once a day, preferably before bedtime.

Juniper

You can prepare a solution for oral administration from juniper. To do this you need: pour 20 grams of fruit into one glass hot water. Leave for 4-5 hours. Drink one tablespoon three times a day.

Prevention

• protection during sexual intercourse (condoms),
• proper personal hygiene (does not allow the use of other people’s products or personal hygiene items),
• healthy lifestyle,
• proper balanced nutrition.

Vaginal discharge- this is the result of the secretory activity of glandular structures, mainly located in the vagina. To a lesser extent, the glands of the overlying genital organs participate in the formation of vaginal secretions. Physiological vaginal discharge is present in all women and girls after puberty, and in postmenopause their amount is minimal.

In the mucous membranes lining the walls of the vestibule of the vagina, as well as the cervix, there are glands that constantly produce a small amount of secretion for irrigation, protection and cleansing of the vagina. The presence of such discharge in the vagina is necessary and is not a pathology. A change in the nature of habitual secretions occurs due to harmless reasons or signals serious problems.

Physiological vaginal discharge is not too abundant, does not cause discomfort to the woman and does not affect the condition of surrounding tissues. Vaginal discharge is considered normal if it meets several criteria:

- they are liquid or mucous, transparent or slightly cloudy, less often jelly-like;

- the amount of discharge does not exceed their usual norm for a particular woman;

- do not have a pronounced unpleasant odor;

- do not cause irritation and inflammation of the surrounding mucous membranes, accompanied by itching, pain or discomfort.

We can say that the “normality” of quantity and consistency vaginal discharge First of all, it is determined by the woman herself, since the concept of “norm” can vary significantly. For some women, increased or scanty amounts of vaginal discharge are considered normal if their character does not change throughout life and if they are not accompanied by pathological symptoms.

The external characteristics of the discharge are also not always interpreted correctly by patients. Sometimes the discharge changes its appearance when interacting with air and leaves marks on the underwear of a “not its” color. If the discharge comes into contact with chemicals found in hygiene products, it can also change its appearance. During gynecological examination the nature of vaginal contents is assessed more reliably.

As a rule, in most healthy women the daily amount of fluid in the vagina does not exceed 2 ml, and its composition is dominated by lactobacilli and cells squamous epithelium. Representatives of conditionally pathogenic microflora are present in the vagina in minimal quantities (about 2%): gardnerella, mycoplasma, anaerobic bacteria, staphylococci, streptococci and fungi. To prevent unwanted microflora from multiplying, a constant acidic environment with a pH of 3.8 - 4.5 is maintained in the vagina with the help of lactobacilli.

The nature of vaginal contents can be affected by:

— Natural cyclical hormonal fluctuations affect vaginal discharge, changing not only its quantity, but also its consistency. On the eve of menstruation, the amount of vaginal discharge increases and it becomes more viscous.

The most popular reason for visiting a gynecologist is excessive and unpleasant discharge from the vagina unusual looking. Leucorrhoea can have a wide variety of colors (from white to red), consistency (jelly, “cottage cheese” or foam) and be accompanied by unpleasant sensations and pain. In some cases, leucorrhoea is the only symptom of the disease.

The number of allocations is important indicator in the diagnosis of diseases. Complaints about strong vaginal discharge do not quite correctly characterize the nature of leucorrhoea. Discharge does not have “strength”, there is only quantity, therefore it is more correct to replace strong vaginal discharge in the formulation of complaints with copious discharge from the vagina.

As a leading symptom, pathological vaginal discharge accompanies a huge number of gynecological diseases, but most often (60-70%) they appear with inflammatory diseases of the genitals.

Diagnosis of the causes of leucorrhoea most often does not cause difficulties, simple laboratory test quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of vaginal secretions (“flora smears”) help determine the source of the disease.

Therapy for pathological vaginal discharge involves eliminating the source of the disease and restoring normal parameters of the vaginal environment.

Causes of vaginal discharge

When they say “vaginal discharge,” they mean pathological discharge - leucorrhoea, and not normal vaginal contents, because, as a rule, a woman does not notice the usual vaginal discharge.

At the core pathological process in the vagina, leading to the appearance of discharge (or leucorrhoea) there is a single trigger- change in the quantitative composition of microflora and acidity of the vaginal environment. The vaginal mucosa is in a state of constant self-renewal due to the desquamation of “old” cells and the proliferation of new cells. Lactobacilli interact with the surface cells of the vaginal epithelium, they break down the glycogen they contain into lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, resulting in an acidic environment in the vagina. Unwanted microflora cannot multiply in an acidic environment, so its amount in the vagina remains minimal.

The vaginal epithelium is hormonally dependent, therefore the state of the vaginal environment is influenced by cyclic hormonal changes in the body: estrogens provide mucosal cells with glycogen, and gestagens help the surface layer of cells to be rejected in time. Thus, a biphasic ovulatory cycle helps maintain a constant vaginal environment. Dyshormonal disorders in the body can provoke pathological vaginal discharge.

However, leucorrhoea does not always mean that the disease is localized specifically in the vagina. Based on the place of origin, they are distinguished:

- Vaginal leucorrhoea. They appear more often than others and accompany inflammatory, infectious diseases or.

- Pipe leucorrhoea. Appear against the background of inflammation in the fallopian tubes. The walls of the inflamed fallopian tube become swollen, their lumen narrows, the inflammatory secretion accumulates in the tube, and then pours into the uterus in portions and enters the vagina through the cervical canal. If the contents of the tube enter the ovary, symptoms of adnexitis appear.

- Uterine leucorrhoea. They occur predominantly during inflammatory processes in the endometrium.

— Cervical (cervical) leucorrhoea is the result of increased secretion of the cervical glands during inflammation.

— Vestibular leucorrhoea is produced by the glands of the vestibule of the vagina.

In girls, in 55% of cases, the appearance of leucorrhoea is not associated with gynecological pathology and is caused by metabolic, allergic or endocrine disorders in the body. During active puberty, the amount of vaginal discharge may increase, but it is physiological. Only 30% of girls and adolescents have pathological vaginal discharge, and most of it is infectious in nature.

During the pre- and postmenopausal period, leucorrhoea is associated with atrophic processes in mucous membranes or oncological diseases. Sometimes the appearance of leucorrhoea in elderly patients is associated with prolapse of the genital organs.

Leucorrhoea against the background of foreign bodies in the vaginal cavity can be profuse, purulent and have an unpleasant odor. Too much long stay Hygienic tampons, vaginal rings (pessaries), and foreign objects introduced into the vagina can cause leucorrhoea.

There is probably not a single woman who has not encountered changes in the nature of vaginal discharge, but not every one of them has needed health care. The presence of provoking factors does not always lead to the appearance of leucorrhoea. In healthy women with a good immune system and normal hormonal status, deviations from the normal parameters of the vaginal environment are compensated by the body’s internal resources. However, sexually transmitted infections in even the healthiest patients require therapy.

White vaginal discharge

The appearance of vaginal discharge may not always reliably indicate the true cause of its appearance. Physiological vaginal discharge sometimes has a whitish tint, but due to its small amount, a woman may not know what it looks like and begins to pay attention to it only when its amount increases due to natural causes: in the middle of the menstrual cycle, after stress or intimacy and so on. As a rule, in such cases, in addition to the discharge, the patient is not bothered by any other subjective sensations, and after examination it is not possible to establish the presence of a pathological process.

In pregnant women, physiological discharge before childbirth becomes whitish, abundant and thicker. Unlike leucorrhoea, they are not accompanied by discomfort and do not require treatment.

A pathological process can be suspected if the patient complains of atypically thick and unpleasant white vaginal discharge accompanied by itching, burning or a feeling of discomfort. Such discharge most often indicates excessive proliferation of fungal microflora, that is, the appearance of vaginal candidiasis. The source of the disease is Candida fungi. They may be present in small quantities in the vagina, and their growth is inhibited by lactobacilli. If the composition is normal vaginal microflora is disrupted, the fungi begin to actively vegetate, displacing beneficial microorganisms.

Vaginal candidiasis is accompanied by characteristic symptoms. Patients complain of abundant and thick white vaginal discharge. Characteristic white inclusions in the form of crumbs or flakes give the whites of candidiasis a resemblance to cottage cheese or sour milk (hence the second name of the disease - “thrush”). Discharge is always accompanied severe itching, which intensifies in the evening and often does not subside throughout the night, not allowing the woman to rest.

Upon examination, the vaginal mucosa always shows signs of severe inflammation (swelling and redness) with characteristic white “films”. Attempts to remove such plaque are accompanied by severe trauma to the mucous membrane and the appearance of blood. Heavy discharge irritates the inflamed mucous membrane of the vagina and vulva, causing a burning sensation. If the inflammatory process spreads to the urethra, the patient may experience complaints associated with urinary disorders.

Often, patients with vaginal candidiasis can clearly indicate the cause of leucorrhoea. The most common of these is the incorrect use of antibiotics.

Vaginal candidiasis may also have chronic form, then all the symptoms are mild, and complaints of curdled white leucorrhoea (sometimes even without itching) come first.

The diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis is usually not difficult. Availability cheesy discharge, characteristic signs of fungal inflammation in the vagina and the detection of Candida fungi in smears allow you to quickly make the correct diagnosis.

Therapy for vaginal candidiasis involves the use of antifungal drugs and restoration of normal vaginal pH. Successful treatment of candidiasis does not guarantee relapse of the disease.

Yellow vaginal discharge

Most leucorrhoea is accompanied by inflammation in the vagina. Severe inflammation develops against the background of a decrease in the ability of the vaginal mucosa to resist infection, that is, pathogenic microflora. An infectious process in the vagina can be provoked by “own” microorganisms (the case when opportunistic microbes become the cause of the disease) or pathogens from outside (genital infections).

Sign infectious process there is purulent discharge in the genitals yellow color. Long-term purulent discharge acquires a greenish tint.

Abundant, watery, yellow or yellow-green vaginal discharge may indicate trichomoniasis. The disease is caused by Trichomonas and is venereal. In addition to leucorrhoea, the patient is bothered by pain, itching, burning and urinary dysfunction. Distinctive feature Trichomonas inflammation is caused by a foamy appearance of leucorrhoea and an unpleasant, stale odor. If the disease is not cured on time, it becomes chronic.

Creamy purulent discharge is characteristic of a serious sexually transmitted disease - gonorrhea. The disease is acute, with severe symptoms of inflammation and fever. Inflammation in gonorrhea quickly rises to the overlying genital organs, causing symptoms of endometritis or adnexitis. If the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes, they “stick together” due to the accumulation of inflammatory fluid, so one of the unfortunate consequences of gonorrhea is.

Leucorrhoea does not always indicate the presence of a pathological process in the vaginal area. Inflammation of the uterus or appendages is also accompanied by pathological discharge. Most often, with acute endometritis, profuse purulent vaginal discharge is accompanied by severe fever and pain.

It should be noted that leucorrhoea may have a yellowish tint. of different origins. To establish the exact cause of their appearance, it is necessary to conduct a laboratory study of the composition of the vaginal contents. A large number of leukocytes in a smear always indicates intense inflammation, and identification of a specific pathogen indicates the cause of the disease.

Brown vaginal discharge

Blood colors vaginal discharge in all shades of red - from scarlet to dark brown. The presence of a small amount of blood in vaginal discharge can always be suspected by its characteristic color. Usually dark discharge from the vagina with a brown tint indicate the presence of a source of minor bleeding in the genital tract, when a small amount of blood has time to oxidize and be destroyed before it comes out.

The most common reason brown discharge are menstrual irregularities. Typically, the patient experiences spotting, dark, brown vaginal discharge of varying duration during any period between menstruation. Sometimes such discharge replaces normal menstruation.

The appearance of slight brown spotting vaginal discharge is not always a sign of disease. In some women, they are observed while taking hormonal contraceptives (especially low-dose ones) or an intrauterine device. As a rule, the appearance of such discharge is short-term and is not accompanied by any subjective unpleasant sensations. If spotting brown discharge bothers a woman constantly, it is necessary to consult a specialist.

Some women decide on the method of contraception on their own and choose hormonal agent on the advice of friends or the pharmacist at the pharmacy. Continuous spotting between menstruation in such cases may indicate that the drug has been chosen incorrectly. Each hormonal contraceptive contains a certain ratio of sex hormones (estrogens and gestagens). U different drugs it is not the same and is selected individually, based on the age and hormonal status of the patient, so you should not rely on independent choice.

Intrauterine contraception (“spiral”) in some cases provokes spotting:

- in the first time after the insertion of the IUD, the uterus perceives it as a foreign body and tries to free itself;

— the uterine mucosa at the site of “attachment” of the spiral may be slightly injured.

Such discharge should not last long or be accompanied by discomfort or pain. Otherwise, it is necessary to decide on its removal.

Minor brown discharge may appear briefly after douching or overly aggressive sexual intercourse due to microtrauma of the mucous membrane. Spotting brown or pink discharge from the vagina after an abortion or cauterization of cervical erosion also indicates the presence of injuries to the mucous membranes of the vagina and uterus. As a rule, such discharges are temporary and disappear on their own.

Sometimes spotting is accompanied by pain or fever, which indicates an infectious-inflammatory process in the genitals.

Pathological discharge from genital infections may contain a small amount dark blood. The intense inflammatory process caused by sexually transmitted infections destroys the surface epithelium of the vagina with the formation of microtraumas.

Some gynecological diseases accompanied by intermenstrual spotting vaginal discharge: uterine fibroids, and endometrial fibroids.

The appearance of brown discharge against the background of a delay in the next menstruation may indicate a very dangerous condition– . Sometimes, in addition to spotting, there are signs of normal (uterine) pregnancy and abdominal pain of varying intensity. Often this condition is mistaken for a threatening miscarriage. Interrupted ectopic pregnancy threatens the patient's life and requires immediate surgical intervention.

Sometimes on later pregnancy, the source of slight dark vaginal discharge can be dilated vessels of the cervix, in other cases they signal a threat of termination of pregnancy.

Clear vaginal discharge

Transparent vaginal discharge without color or odor in a small amount corresponds to the concept of normal. Typically they look like clear mucus or egg white. The viscosity and amount of vaginal discharge depends on the composition of the vaginal microflora, the content of sex steroids and some individual characteristics of the body.

There is no strict standard for discharge. For some women increased amount discharge is observed constantly and is not accompanied by diseases.

Physiological secretions predominantly contain epithelial cells and lactobacilli. If there are many epithelial cells, they give the discharge a whitish tint.

Sometimes clear discharge begins to bother a woman constantly, leaves stains on her underwear or is accompanied by unpleasant subjective sensations; in this situation, the reason for such changes should be understood.

A slight presence of fresh blood is indicated by short-term pink vaginal discharge. Therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations can provoke minor violations of the integrity of the mucous membrane; blood from the surface of microtraumas enters the vaginal secretion and turns it pink.

“Cauterization” or “freezing” of cervical ectopia is accompanied by the formation of a dense crust, healthy tissue grows under it, then the wound surface heals completely, and the crust is rejected. This process may be accompanied by pink vaginal discharge of a short duration.

Mucous discharge from the vagina

Light vaginal discharge of a mucous type without pathological impurities and odor, which does not cause itching, burning or discomfort, is the norm. Sometimes mucous discharge becomes more viscous and stringy, and in appearance resembles egg white.

The mucous appearance of vaginal discharge is due to the cervix.

Clear and thick cervical (or cervical) mucus forms in the cervix, sometimes called a “plug.” It is produced by cells of the cervical canal mucosa and performs important functions:

- prevents unwanted bacteria from entering the uterus, performing a barrier role;

- thanks to the mucous cervical secretion, sperm entering the vagina are “transported” to the uterus.

The composition and acidity of cervical mucus correlates with normal vaginal secretions, and its viscosity is controlled by sex steroids. To ensure that sperm can easily enter the uterus, at the time of ovulation the density of cervical mucus decreases and it flows into the vagina. Therefore, the amount of vaginal mucous discharge during ovulation increases.

The consistency and amount of cervical mucus is directly dependent on the level of sex hormones. Methods for studying the condition cervical mucus V different periods cycle, especially during ovulation, in women with infertility help determine the presence of dishormonal disorders.

The Billings method is based on studying the viscosity of cervical mucus at different periods of the cycle. At the end of the next menstruation, the vagina is “dry” - there is practically no discharge. Towards the middle of the cycle, the mucous discharge becomes so viscous that it can be easily stretched between two fingers. The period of ovulation (middle of the cycle) is accompanied by an increase in vaginal discharge, it becomes liquid. Then the discharge becomes viscous again, and then disappears completely. If the cervical mucus indicators do not change, we can assume. This method cannot reliably determine the presence of hormonal abnormalities and is indirect.

Bloody vaginal discharge

The only normal time for bleeding from the vagina is during menstruation. The source of menstrual bleeding is the extensive wound surface of the uterine cavity, formed after rejection of its outer mucous layer.

Discharge of blood from the vagina, not associated with menstrual bleeding, always indicates the presence of a disease. An important diagnostic criterion is the duration bloody discharge and their number. As a rule, a single small amount of red vaginal discharge can provoke:

- Sexual contact, especially if the partner has cervical pathology - erosion or.

— Diagnostic procedures: taking smears, aspiration biopsy of the endometrium, diagnostic curettage, laparoscopy, and so on.

— Mechanical disruption of the integrity of the integumentary epithelium during douching, use gynecological speculum upon examination or administration uterine ring with prolapse of the genital organs. Much less often, the vaginal mucosa is damaged by foreign bodies in the uterus.

— Inflammatory changes in the vagina make the mucous membrane easily vulnerable, so they can sometimes be accompanied by slight bleeding.

— Minor highlighting scarlet blood from the vagina after an abortion is associated with injury to the mucous membranes of the uterus and cervical canal. Normally, their intensity should decrease until they completely stop on their own.

The most common causes of significant vaginal bleeding are:

— Menstrual cycle disorders. In the absence of ovulation, the cyclic processes of the uterus and ovaries are disrupted, which leads to the appearance of intermenstrual bleeding.

— Polyps of the cervical canal and endometrium provoke bleeding of varying intensity if they reach large sizes, are injured or are subject to decay.

— Uterine fibroids of significant size prevent the muscular wall of the uterus from contracting properly and cause prolonged menstruation or intermenstrual bleeding.

— Bleeding with severe inflammation of the uterus and appendages is associated with a disruption of the normal hormonal status of the body under the influence of infection.

— With endometriosis, the discharge is only sometimes abundant and bright, but is always associated with menstruation.

Acyclic bleeding can accompany some non-gynecological pathologies: diseases of the blood coagulation system,.

Sudden heavy bleeding against the background of a sharp deterioration in health appears when emergency situations threatening the life and health of a woman. Most often these are:

— Submucous (submucosal) fibroids of the uterine body. Sometimes fibroids grow into the uterine cavity in the form of a node, causing heavy bleeding and pain. The most dangerous complication submucosal fibroids is uterine inversion.

— Retention of parts of the fertilized egg after a medical abortion or spontaneous miscarriage. Pieces of remaining tissue prevent the uterus from contracting, causing bleeding. A similar situation occurs after childbirth, when a piece of the placenta remains in the uterus.

— Interrupted ectopic pregnancy.

— Complications of pregnancy: premature spontaneous termination of pregnancy, placental abruption.

— Postpartum hemorrhage associated with rupture of the soft tissues of the vagina and/or cervix, especially when they are sutured incorrectly or at the wrong time.

If untimely bleeding occurs, you should immediately visit a doctor.

Vaginal discharge with odor

Microorganisms present in the vagina during their vital activity secrete chemical compounds with different smell. In healthy women, there is an individual, subtle odor in the area of ​​the external genitalia. Normally, he should not bother a woman. Increased vaginal odor often signals problems.

The simplest reason for the appearance of unpleasant-smelling discharge is violation of the rules intimate hygiene. If after the usual hygiene procedures they disappear, there is no need to worry.

The smell of vaginal discharge is perceived differently by patients, since everyone’s sense of smell is not equally developed. However, there is a group of diseases that have a characteristic, unique smell of vaginal discharge.

Discharge from sexually transmitted infections has an unpleasant odor. With trichomoniasis, an unpleasant, pungent odor accompanies copious, foamy discharge.

The sour odor of vaginal discharge in vulvovaginal candidiasis is caused by Candida fungi.

One of the most common diseases with a characteristic vaginal odor is bacterial vaginosis, characterized by the appearance of copious homogeneous vaginal discharge with a very specific smell of stale fish. Bacterial vaginosis does not have a specific pathogen; it develops against the background of a quantitative change in the composition of the vaginal microflora with the participation of opportunistic microorganisms.

Under the influence of unfavorable factors in the vagina, the number of lactobacilli decreases and the pH changes, which is fertile ground for the development of dysbiosis. Instead of lactobacilli, opportunistic microflora begins to multiply in the vaginal environment; the more of it, the more more pronounced symptoms diseases, including vaginal odor.

The unpleasant odor of vaginal discharge in patients with bacterial vaginosis is associated with the activity of anaerobic bacteria: they produce amines. As amines break down, they release a “fishy” odor. If the disease occurs in an erased form, the amine test reveals a specific vaginal odor: the contents of the vagina are mixed with an alkali solution, which destroys amines, and a “fishy” odor is obtained.

Despite the heavy discharge, during examination for bacterial vaginosis there are no signs of local inflammation; this serves as an important diagnostic sign.

To save the patient from bacterial vaginosis, it is necessary to eliminate unwanted microflora and restore normal biocenosis in the vagina.

Discharge of urine from the vagina

Urine discharge from the vagina always indicates the presence of a genitourinary fistula. Urogenital fistulas in women are pathological formation(passage) between the vaginal cavity and the bladder. Much less common are genitourinary fistulas between the bladder and uterus.

The cause of the formation of a genitourinary fistula is often incorrect obstetric and gynecological operations, during which a rupture of the wall of the vagina or uterus occurs with perforation (formation of a hole) in the bladder.

The appearance of genitourinary fistulas may be preceded by criminal abortion.

Very rarely, perforation of the uterus during a medical abortion leads to the formation of a genitourinary fistula. As a rule, this situation arises if the patient has a pronounced infectious process in the uterus.

Genitourinary fistulas can be of a traumatic nature and occur against the background of serious injuries to the genital organs of a non-gynecological nature.

If a violation of the integrity of the vaginal walls is diagnosed at the time of its occurrence (for example, during surgery), then it is immediately eliminated surgically. In some cases, sharp surgical instruments leave damage invisible to the eye, and pathological symptoms appear much later.

The most characteristic symptom of a genitourinary fistula is the discharge of urine from the vaginal cavity. If the external opening of the fistula is located next to the opening of the urethra, it is difficult to recognize it, and the discharge of urine is mistaken for incontinence.

Continuous leakage of urine into the vagina causes inflammation of the mucous membrane with toxic compounds. Signs of severe inflammation appear – , . Long-term inflammation of the mucous membranes of the vagina provokes the development of a purulent process. In this case, vaginal discharge becomes purulent and acquires an unpleasant odor. Long-lasting vaginal infection through the cavity of the fistula it can enter the urinary tract and cause.

Diagnosis of genitourinary fistulas begins with a vaginal examination, which makes it possible to detect the opening of the genitourinary fistula and pronounced changes in the vaginal mucosa. Ultrasound and urological examinations help clarify the diagnosis. Urogenital fistulas are eliminated surgically.

In conclusion, I would like to note that almost all newly appeared and disturbing vaginal discharge requires an attentive attitude, namely an immediate trip to the gynecologist.

In women, a white substance (leucorrhoea) is constantly secreted from the genital tract without itching, odor or any other painful sensations. It causes many people to worry and think about possible diseases. However, in fact, white discharge is quite natural for any female body. With their help, the vagina is freed from “garbage”: dead cells, blood, mucus, and other waste products. True, in some cases excessive secretion still indicates health problems.

Girls produce more leucorrhoea than women whose biological age is already approaching menopause. The reason is that in a young body the hormonal background is not yet fully formed, while in middle-aged women it is already stable and unchangeable.

Normally, both in girls and in middle-aged women, the vagina has a slightly acidic environment. It is such thanks to the vital activity of lactobacilli that produce lactic acid. The slightly acidic environment neutralizes all harmful microbes.

Signs of “healthy” discharge

The nature of the discharge is indicated by its signs. In addition to the fact that normal leucorrhoea is usually odorless and itchy, it also:

• transparent, creamy white or white-yellow;
• have a watery, runny consistency;
• during ovulation they take on a transparent, viscous mucous form;
• do not have “inclusions” in the form of flakes or lumps;
• no more than one teaspoon is excreted per day;
• do not increase body temperature;
• do not irritate the skin and vaginal mucosa;
• stains are left on underwear, the size of which does not exceed 5 cm.

During menstruation, after sex, and also when a woman experiences sexual arousal, there may be more white discharge.

“Menstrual” leucorrhoea is usually very viscous, similar in color to raw chicken whites.

If a woman was engaged unprotected sex, the discharge first takes the form of clots, then becomes liquid. With their help, the female body gets rid of sperm. Leucorrhoea is also needed to lubricate the vagina during sexual intercourse. They disappear very quickly.

The amount of odorless and itchy leucorrhoea may increase if a woman uses birth control pills, vaginal suppositories, spirals, cervical caps.

Discharge associated with pregnancy

Very thick white discharge, odorless and itchy, sometimes occurs in the initial stages of pregnancy (first trimester). Outwardly, they look like small clots of mucus. They are whitish or colorless and do not cause health problems.

White discharge appears due to an increase in the level of the hormone progesterone in the blood. It is produced yellow bodies ovaries, which are born after the follicle ruptures. Such leucorrhoea performs a protective function for the uterine cavity. They form a mucous plug that protects the uterus from various infectious diseases and the threat of miscarriage.

When approximately 12 weeks have passed since the start of pregnancy, the concentration of the hormone progesterone in the female body begins to decrease, and the amount of estrogen, on the contrary, increases. For this reason, the discharge takes on a liquid form and increases in number. They are usually colorless, but can also be whitish.

What does “pathological” leucorrhoea look like? What diseases cause them?

White discharge, indicating illness, has an unpleasant, often pungent odor, and causes itching. They have a yellowish and sometimes even greenish color. Because of such discharge, a woman may experience severe physical as well as psychological discomfort. Their presence indicates the following health problems:

• pelvic cold (if the white discharge is very thick) caused by inflammation of the bladder;
• cervical erosion;
• during puberty (puberty) this is a sign of diseases of the urinary system;
• fungal infection. Accompanied by a sour, extremely unpleasant odor, they have the form of flakes.

A disease called bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis) is another common cause of white pathological discharge. It is caused by the proliferation of pathogenic microflora in female vagina. Gardnerellosis is accompanied by a light grayish-white discharge with a very strong unpleasant odor.

Leucorrhoea can also intensify due to problems with the immune system.

“Non-dangerous” causes of pathological leucorrhoea

Such reasons include, in particular:

• stressful situations - cause the release of a thick, abundant white substance;
• weather changes: magnetic storms, changes in air humidity, fluctuations in atmospheric pressure;
• taking certain medications (hormonal contraceptives and some others);
• period of breastfeeding. Hormonal levels change in the female body, the amount of normal secretions decreases, they become homogeneous.

What symptoms should you see a doctor for?

If white discharge appears along with the following symptoms, the woman should immediately go to the gynecologist:

• itching or cutting pain in the perineal area;
• “fishy” smell;
• blood impurity;
• pus;
• pain during sex;
• discharge in the form of foam with an unpleasant odor;
• pain that occurs when urinating;
• increased body temperature;
• stupid aching pain in the lower body and lumbar region.

Diagnostics

The gynecologist will first take swabs from the vagina, urethra and cervical canal. He will also check the vagina and urethra by palpation. Perhaps the doctor will prescribe the following:

• Ultrasound of the pelvis;
• PCR diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction- a method by which pathogens of infectious diseases are identified);
• colposcopy.

How to protect yourself from infections that can cause excess white discharge

It is not difficult to protect yourself from such infections: you just need to maintain personal hygiene and for this:

• try not to irritate the vaginal mucosa. Use herbal based products for washing;
• take a bath several times a week;
• use sanitary pads every day, be sure to change them when thick, profuse leucorrhoea is produced;
• choose suitable underwear. Briefs made of cotton fabric are ideal. Air passes through this fabric freely, the skin “breathes” well.

You also need to eat right, be sure to get enough sleep, avoid stressful situations and devote time to physical exercise.

White discharge, odorless and itchy, is natural and harmless. But sometimes they are a symptom of a disease. Therefore, every woman who values ​​her health must know exactly when discharge signals problems.

An odorless discharge from the vagina often raises doubts that this is how it should be, and sometimes even a suspicion of the presence of a disease. Meanwhile, leucorrhoea is a natural process of the body. So, a woman’s white discharge is odorless and itchy. How to recognize normality and pathology will be discussed below.

Normal vaginal discharge

All menstrual cycle every woman is accompanied by discharge. But they are not the same all the time, but change. In general, based on their characteristics, one can draw a preliminary conclusion not only about the functioning reproductive system, but also about general health.

In addition to the fact that normally it should be without itching and odor, its consistency should be gel-like, with shades that depend on individual characteristics and other factors. The ovulatory period is accompanied by thick transparent discharge without impurities.

No more than half a teaspoon is released per day; this is not accompanied by irritation of the mucous membrane; stains on linen are usually no more than three to four centimeters (they become brighter when dry). Vaginal discharge performs several functions: cleansing from “garbage” (cells, microflora, blood), barrier role (local immunity), providing favorable conditions for sexual intercourse, conception and gestation.

White vaginal discharge possible causes

There may be several reasons for the increase in odorless leucorrhoea: a certain period of the cycle (before menstruation), pregnancy, juvenile and premenopausal age, several months after childbirth, taking OK, breastfeeding, IUD. May also be to blame: climate change, allergies, vaginal suppositories, weight fluctuations, hormonal imbalance, poor hygiene, reaction to a new sexual partner, douching.

To eliminate it, it is necessary to identify the factor that provoked this phenomenon. Even minimal exposure to certain phenomena can trigger the occurrence of serious pathology. Therefore, it is better to discuss the presence of questionable secretion with your doctor.

Ovulation

From the time of your first menstruation, each month one of the eggs “ripens” and begins to move out of the ovary to reach a potential meeting place with sperm for fertilization. This happens approximately in the middle of the cycle (about 14 days before the start of the “critical days”).

During this period, the nature of the discharge changes. They become more viscous. The volume also changes upward.

After the end of the ovulatory period, the leucorrhoea becomes less thick. TO associated symptoms refers to the increase basal temperature, some note specific pain in the ovarian area.

Beginning of menstruation

Many people believe that menstruation begins with bleeding. But, before the process of cleansing the uterus begins, it briefly secretes copious mucus, which passes through the cervix, preparing for bleeding. This process can take up to two days. At this time, instead of menstruation, white discharge occurs; it is abundant, but otherwise there are no significant differences from their appearance during the rest of the cycle.

Early pregnancy

At the beginning of pregnancy, unusual secretion may appear. If this does not bother you, then there is no reason to panic, and if there is discomfort, then most likely it is due to candidiasis, but there may be other reasons. Copious white discharge appears due to an increase in the level of a hormone produced by the ovaries. The mucus plug protects the fetus from infection and the threat of miscarriage. From about the twelfth week, the leucorrhoea changes to more liquid.

Discharge during sexual intercourse

During sexual intercourse, a woman’s body increases secretion, which at the same time becomes more viscous. This is necessary to ensure better contact, for “lubrication”, eliminating “ mechanical damage» mucous membrane, to create the best conditions for conception.

Secretion is produced by several types of glands located on the surface of the vagina and cervix. If sex was unprotected, then the discharge after it becomes more numerous, it acquires a yellowish tint. After some time, everything returns to normal.

Stress

Emotional shocks, various experiences, overexertion, chronic fatigue, all this can affect secretion. The influence is indirect, since the main reason here is fluctuations in hormonal levels, which is what is affected psychological condition women. When it returns to normal, the leucorrhoea also becomes “normal”.

Bacterial vaginosis

In the initial stage of vaginosis, when the microbiome balance of the vagina shifts towards the pathological, the disease manifests itself weakly, pathological secretion appears much later. Vaginosis does not apply inflammatory diseases, but is infectious in nature.

Bacterial vaginosis (vaginitis) - click to view

Vaginal microflora is changed by many factors. There is a significant decrease in the positive “inhabitants” of the vagina with a simultaneous increase in “negative” ones. The appearance of vaginosis is associated with several hundred types of microorganisms, and the composition of the microflora is individual for each woman.

Pathology of the cervix

Some cancers or precancerous conditions of the cervix produce a whitish, strong discharge. At the initial stage of the pathology, the smell does not change. However, they cannot be called normal either. Sexual intercourse can stain them due to blood discharge on the cervical mucosa. Only a gynecologist can find out which disease is to blame for this after an examination.

Sexually transmitted diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases necessarily affect the nature of the discharge, which becomes profuse with an odor. Acute stage may be bright, but if there is no treatment, then the disease takes a chronic form. STDs are caused by pathogens such as syphilis, trichomoniasis, HPV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, CMV, mycoplasmosis, herpes, and ureaplasmosis.

Some of them can be present in the body for years, making themselves felt only by periodic exacerbations, especially when the immune system is weakened; at such moments, the mucous membrane of the external genital organs can itch and itch, all this is accompanied by pain.

Possible gynecological diseases

Almost all gynecological diseases cause inflammation, which may be accompanied by white discharge. The culprit may be pathology of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus and cervix. The initial stage of these diseases gives symptoms close to normal.

Gardenellosis is the most common cause of vaginosis, the main symptom of which is abundant vaginal secretion of a white (gray) hue. Other symptoms are most often associated with concomitant diseases. A large percentage of women note the absence of symptoms.

Nature of natural secretions

At a young age, more leucorrhoea is produced, but during menopause it is produced in insufficient quantities, which often causes vaginal dryness. Normally, the vagina has a slightly acidic environment, which affects the smell of the discharge, giving a slight acidic aroma. This feature allows the vagina to fight pathogens and maintain healthy microflora. Leucorrhoea can be affected by climate change, contraceptives and other medications, vaginal suppositories, spirals and other topical products.

Bountiful Secret

An excessive increase in vaginal discharge is not always caused by illness. The cause may be ovulation, arousal, reaction to sperm, the onset of pregnancy, stabilization of the cycle, hormonal drugs.

Scanty discharge

A decrease in the volume of white secretion can be caused by: the initial period of the cycle, premenopausal age, diet, by intimate means. Secretory deficiency leads to a decrease in vaginal immunity, problems during sexual intercourse, vaginal dryness, and a shift in the local microbiome towards the pathological one.

Dense

The viscosity of discharge is affected by hormones (the second phase of the cycle), sexual intercourse, the first trimester of pregnancy, stress, individual characteristics of the body, “wrong” underwear, and topical gynecological preparations. Jelly-like whitish discharge does not require therapy, but if it continues for a long time, it makes sense to consult a gynecologist.

Watery

“Liquefaction” of discharge occurs in the period preceding ovulation due to hormonal fluctuations(estrogen). If this is not accompanied by irritation of the external genitalia or discomfort in the pelvic area, then there is no need to panic. However, if “wateriness” persists for more than five days, then it is better to find out the cause from a specialist.

Pathological discharge

The appearance of odorless mucous discharge is not always normal. Most women believe that if there is no discomfort or pain, then everything is fine. However, as they warn female doctors», initial stage Most serious diseases hardly make themselves felt. This “almost” is what you need to pay attention to. And this, as a rule, is a change in the nature and frequency of secretion.

Lots of secretion

A sharp increase in the volume of vaginal discharge, if we are not talking about pregnancy, is a reason to find out the reasons. In case of pathology, the “daily bag” gets wet within a few hours. This symptom may indicate an erosive process, cervicitis, salpingoophoritis, adnexitis, vulvitis, vaginitis.

Feeling of dryness and white thick discharge

Vaginal dryness combined with thick discharge white tint, can be caused by multiple reasons. That is, this indicates a combination of several factors that caused this feature, for example, inflammation and hormonal imbalance.

It is possible that hypoestrogenism or chronic vaginal dysbiosis is to blame.

Cloudy leucorrhoea

If the occurrence of cloudy secretion is accompanied by discomfort and painful symptoms, then perhaps the reason is a cycle disorder, urological and gynecological problems. An inflammatory process of the genitourinary system can also occur due to the lack of a regular sexual partner, unprotected sexual intercourse, hypothermia, improper self-care, abortion, and after childbirth. The causative agent of the disease is determined after testing.

Constant leucorrhoea

Prolonged milky secretion is not considered normal. The reasons may be: improper hygiene, metabolic disorders, inflammation, reaction to the IUD, incorrectly selected hormonal treatment, benign formation, cancer, local allergies.

Treatment of pathological white discharge

In most cases, white secretion does not require treatment. But if this is accompanied by discomfort, it is better to undergo an examination. The nature of leucorrhoea acts as a signal of a violation, and makes it possible to establish the cause of its appearance. Based on the results of tests and examinations, a treatment regimen is selected.

A visit to other specialists may be necessary, because the appearance of white discharge can be caused, for example, by endocrinology disorders, chronic diseases, urological problems.

Treatment with folk remedies

A woman's body is more sensitive to various things. External and internal factors can shake his balance, after which he can no longer be called healthy. General condition, STDs and other causes of varying significance affect the functioning of the female reproductive system. Diseases of the genitourinary system cannot be ignored, otherwise they become chronic and can significantly worsen your well-being, and even cause cancer or disability.

Most “female” diseases have no age; they can affect both young girls and older women. Traditional medicine is used.

Among the most useful herbs for the treatment of female pathologies is hog queen and a red brush. The first helps get rid of inflammation, infertility, cycle disorders, bleeding and even benign formations. And the second is recommended for the treatment of fibroids and endometritis, erosive processes, and hormonal imbalance. For pathological leucorrhoea, you can also use not monotherapy with one herb, but take a collection that includes an equal amount of yarrow, chamomile, calendula, mint, and strawberry leaf.