Moderate sinus tachycardia. Sinus tachycardia of the heart - symptoms, causes and treatment methods

When heartbeat increased when the rate of its contractions exceeds 90 beats per minute, they speak of tachycardia. It should be immediately noted that this condition is not an independent disease. Most often it is a symptom of a certain illness, in particular, heart disease.

It is also worth highlighting the so-called physiological tachycardia, which occurs after intense physical activity (running, quickly climbing stairs, etc.). This type of tachycardia does not need to be treated; this condition is quite normal and will soon go away. But a heart rhythm is considered pathological when its frequency is increased in a calm state and a person does not perform active actions, movements.

It is these tachycardias that are usually caused by some disease. One of these types is sinus tachycardia treatment symptoms causes consequences which we will consider today. We will also get acquainted with several traditional treatment recipes that have helped many people suffering from this pathology. Let's start with the reasons why sinus tachycardia occurs:

Why does sinus tachycardia occur (causes)?

This species is characterized by an increase in heart rate from 90 to 150 or even 180 beats per minute. But at the same time, the sinus rhythm remains normal and correct. Typically, this type of tachycardia is a sign of the following diseases:

Tumor neoplasms, formation of lymphomas.
- Thyrotoxicosis.
- Pathological conditions of the diencephalic region.
- Various infections, which caused pathological conditions of the subcortical nodes.
- The presence of neuroses or mental disorders.
- Reflex factors, the cause of which are pathological conditions mucous membranes, skin and bronchi.
- Severe attacks pain.
- Iron-deficiency anemia, blood loss.

How does sinus tachycardia manifest itself (symptoms)?

As we have already said, the main sign of the presence of this condition is an increase in heart rate in a calm state of the body. In this case, a strong heartbeat is characterized by a paroxysmal character. But the heart rhythm itself remains completely normal, ordinary - clear, correct.

Usually increased heart rate begins suddenly, sharply. It also stops suddenly.

Symptoms of sinus tachycardia are: general weakness, spots before the eyes, dizziness. A person may feel nauseous and lack inhaled air. When an attack of tachycardia occurs, all the described symptoms intensify sharply. Very often, such an attack causes a pronounced feeling of fear in the patient.

Therefore, when severe symptoms tachycardia, experts recommend taking everything necessary measures to take a calm, relaxed body position and calm down.

What are the consequences of sinus tachycardia (consequences of the condition)?

Tachycardia caused by physiological reasons is not dangerous and does not need to be treated. After completing physical activity, it usually goes away without a trace. But tachycardia caused by any disease, in particular heart disease, can worsen the patient’s condition. In heart disease, it aggravates chronic heart failure. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures for treatment.

What to do when diagnosed with sinus tachycardia (treatment)?

For this pathology, drug treatment is usually used, which is very effective if the drugs for the patient are selected correctly, taking into account the patient’s medical history, individual characteristics his body
The doctor prescribes complex treatment using beta blockers.

They also prescribe drugs - blockers calcium channels, apply antiarrhythmic drugs. IN Lately doctors often prescribe new medicine ivabradine. It has an effective direct effect on the “performance” of the sinus node.

In addition, therapy for tachycardia is aimed at eliminating the causes that caused it. The doctor will prescribe medication to prevent an attack of tachycardia. If an attack does occur, it is recommended to calm down, take a sedative, sit down or lie down until the attack stops.

Folk remedies for the treatment of sinus tachycardia

Mix 1 tsp in a cup. dried valerian roots, mint herb (lemon mint) and yarrow leaves. Add 2 tsp. anise seeds. Place the mixture in a thermos flask, pour 2 tbsp there. boiling water Let it sit for about an hour. Then strain. You need to drink the infusion 2-3 times a day.

Pour 2 tbsp into a mug. l. astragalus herb. Pour 1 cup of boiled clean, bottled water into it. Wrap in a towel and wait 1 hour. Strain, drink sip 3-5 times a day.

If tachycardia is present, it is very important to follow the advice on healthy eating. Do not drink alcohol, do not smoke. Avoid stress and negative emotions. Be healthy!

One of the most dangerous varieties arrhythmic disorder - cardiac tachycardia. With this pathology, the heart rate increases, which indicates serious problems in the area of ​​the heart and blood vessels. Symptoms of this disease are observed in women and men who have reached old age.

We will look at the main signs of the disease, find out how dangerous this pathology is, and recommend suitable drugs to eliminate the problem.

Sinus tachycardia - how dangerous is it?

Before we begin treatment, let's answer the following: main question- why is sinus tachycardia so dangerous? The reason lies in the peculiarities of the functioning of the heart muscle. This organ does not depend on the “functionality” of the nervous system; it is completely autonomous.

This position of the muscle does not mean that it does not require nerve impulse- You can’t do without a signal. The source of the impulse is the sinus node - a clot of cardiac tissue responsible for the frequency of heart beats.

Sinus tachycardia develops at the moment when a malfunction occurs in the natural “metronome”. The reasons are different, but dealing with the consequences is very difficult. Pathological sinus tachycardia is a symptom of a number of serious diseases.

Let's list some:

• cardiac ischemia;
• myocarditis.

There is also a paroxysmal type of tachycardia. Numerous disorders affecting the functioning of the atrioventricular node lead to the development of the disease. If the heart muscle is subject to oxygen starvation, the node begins to generate and send its own signals. The heart rhythm goes astray and arrhythmia occurs.

By by and large sinus tachycardia is not a disease - it is simply accelerated mode functioning of the heart muscle. The danger is tachycardia, which carries pathological character. The heart begins to wear out in vain, while the ventricles do not have time to fill with blood. Blood pressure drops, heart rate accelerates, organs are less supplied with oxygen - and you already need qualified help.

Pathological sinus tachycardia is dangerous - there is not the slightest doubt about it. Long-term oxygen starvation invariably leads to ischemia of the heart and brain. In the future, you will experience fibrillation of the ventricles, which begin to contract uncoordinatedly. The drugs no longer help - the efficiency of blood pumping is equal to zero.

Causes of the disease

Tachycardia affects different age categories, but in women it occurs somewhat more often. The causes of the disease are conventionally divided into two groups - etiological and cardiac (intracardiac) factors. The sinus variety of the disease may be an early symptom of left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure.

There are different reasons for this:

• chronic heart failure;
• severe angina;
• myocardial infarction;
• myocarditis;
• cardiomyopathy;
• heart defects;
• adhesive pericarditis;
• bacterial endocarditis.

Some of the reasons are physiological in nature - this emotional stress, physical exercise, congenital defects. There are also neurogenic tachycardias, which are based on affective psychoses, neuroses, etc. The risk group consists of young people whose nervous system is labile.

In women (rarely in men), endocrine disorders are observed:

• pheochromocytoma;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• anemia;
• vascular insufficiency (sharp forms- collapse, shock, fainting, blood loss);
• renal colic;

Infectious and inflammatory processes can also make a negative contribution. As the temperature rises, the heart rate also increases. If treatment does not lead to the desired results for a long time, you risk developing chronic tachycardia.

Here are the most dangerous infectious diseases:

• angina;
• pneumonia;
• sepsis;
• tuberculosis;
• focal infection.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of sinus tachycardia appear depending on the stage of the disease. Symptoms are also influenced by additional factors - the nature of the underlying illness, duration, severity. Subjective symptoms are not visible or go unnoticed.

This group includes:

• discomfort;
• heartbeat;
• heart pain;
• feeling of heaviness.

Signs of cardiac arrhythmia may include a feeling of lack of oxygen, persistent palpitations, frequent dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath. Some patients complain of insomnia, fatigue, decreased performance, impaired appetite, and worsened mood.

These subjective symptoms indicate that the underlying disease needs to be treated urgently. Additional factor- sensitivity of the nervous system. With coronary atherosclerosis, signs of malaise worsen gradually, and sinus angina manifests itself in the form of attacks.

Some symptoms indicate poor blood supply to organs. Such blood supply provokes a number of disorders, among which are fainting, dizziness and even convulsions. Prolonged sinus tachycardia leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Prepare to experience cold extremities and decreased urine output. Signs of illness in women and men are approximately the same.

Methods for diagnosing tachycardia

If you suspect the symptoms listed above, immediately contact your doctor. A cardiologist is responsible for the treatment of tachycardia, but a primary care physician will also be suitable for you to start with.

You can treat yourself with folk remedies, but first you need to get a competent medical consultation and diagnose the underlying disease.

You may be prescribed vitamins, but in some situations more serious medications are required.

Diagnosis always begins with interviewing the patient. The doctor will listen to your complaints and highlight the key symptoms of illness. The specialist will also listen to your heart. No one will prescribe pills right away - a set of additional diagnostic measures will be required.

Here they are:

1. General blood analysis. The doctor must analyze the amount of hemoglobin, red blood cells and a number of other indicators. Sometimes sinus tachycardia is a consequence of leukemia and anemia.
2. Additional tests . They include a blood test for thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine), as well as a urine test, the purpose of which is to exclude hormonal root causes of the disease.
3. ECG. The electrocardiogram method allows you to calculate the rhythm and frequency of heartbeats, excludes ventricular tachycardia, the treatment of which is slightly different. Sometimes prescribed.
4. Holter ECG. The functioning of the patient's heart muscle is monitored throughout the day. The doctor receives information about the functioning of the affected organ during physical activity, sleep and wakefulness.
5. Ultrasound of the heart. The second name of the method is EchoCG. The functioning of the valves and the heart muscle itself is assessed, chronic diseases(hypertension, ischemia) and heart defects.

Learning to provide first aid during an attack

At sudden attack tachycardia, the patient requires competent first aid. Subsequent treatment will depend on the patient's age and identification of concomitant pathologies, but the required medications will be prescribed later. Now the main priority is saving human life.

First aid consists of the following steps:

1. Urgently go out into the fresh air, unbutton your shirt collar, stand near an open window (optional).
2. If your eyes darken or you feel dizzy, talk to others.
3. You need to apply something cold to your forehead (a wet towel will do).
4. Tighten your abs, hold your breath. This technique lowers the heart rate, so drugs are not required.

If first aid does not bring relief, call an ambulance immediately. remember, that self-treatment unacceptable - you don’t know against what background the attack is occurring. Vitamins - good prophylactic, but in a critical situation they are useless. We will talk about how to treat tachycardia below.

Modern methods of treating tachycardia

Complex treatment of tachycardia can be therapeutic and surgical. In the first case, drugs are prescribed that correspond to the identified disease. These can be tablets, vitamins and other substances. Conventionally, they can be divided into two basic groups:

1. Sedatives . Produced on the basis various herbs(valerian, Novo-passit), but there are also synthetic varieties (Phenobarbital, Diazepam). These substances can treat vegetative-vascular dystonia. Sedatives reduce the frequency of attacks and normalize nervous activity.
2. Antiarrhythmic drugs. These drugs are combined into a fairly broad group of antiarrhythmic effects. Treatment with these medications is strictly controlled. Contraindications are taken into account allergic reactions and many other factors. Examples of such drugs are Adenosine, Flecainide, Propranorol, Verapamil.

Drug treatment is sometimes ineffective. Surgery may be required if hormonal reasons tachycardia - a tumor or a specific area of ​​the gland is removed. Cardiac surgery is prescribed for congenital heart defects, coronary disease or the consequences of rheumatism.

Treatment traditional methods in these cases it is relegated to the background.

We connect traditional medicine

There are quite harsh methods of therapy, including the installation of a cardioverter-defibrillator and an electrical pacemaker, as well. In order not to bring yourself to this point, you should regularly take vitamins and use proven folk remedies.

Here are some folk recipes, which can be used to treat the disease:

• Hawthorn. A tablespoon of hawthorn (flowers required) must be poured with a glass of boiling water. Infuse for twenty minutes under the lid. The infusion is taken before meals, half a glass three times a day. The course continues until complete recovery.
• Garlic with lemon. The best vitamins nature gives us. Take a dozen garlic heads and the same number of lemons. Lemon juice you need to squeeze out and grind the garlic. All this is mixed with a liter of honey. The mixture is infused for a week in a jar under a plastic lid. Take four teaspoons every day. The mixture should last for a couple of months.
• Adonis decoction. Boil a glass of water, add a teaspoon of spring adonis and continue cooking for a quarter of an hour over low heat. After cooking, cover the dish with a lid and leave the mixture until it cools completely. The resulting broth is filtered. You need to drink the medicine three times a day, one tablespoon at a time.

Do not neglect folk remedies - sometimes they give amazing results. If you do not deal with the problem, the prognosis can be quite sad. Early diagnosis- the key to future success in the battle against the disease.

Probably every person has experienced increased heart rate at least once in their life.

Cardiologists often have to work with such complaints and make a diagnosis of “sinus tachycardia.”

Is this really dangerous and requires immediate treatment, or is this a normal option?

An attack of the disease begins against a background of strong emotions, stressful conditions, physical work or lack of oxygen. This does not entail any negative consequences. The pulse returns to normal as soon as the stimulus disappears.

However, changes in the speed of the heart can be associated with a number of pathologies. Thyroid problems, heart disease and blood vessels– all of these can affect your heart rate, indicating the need for treatment.

General concept and code according to ICD 10

Let's consider what sinus tachycardia is from the point of view modern cardiology. In medicine, it is characterized by a significant increase in heart rate.

From international classification diseases (revision 10), the separate ICD 10 code “sinus tachycardia” was excluded. The disease is classified as supraventricular tachycardia (nodal) and has a general code of I47.1.

Depending on what caused the tachycardia, it is divided into:

1. Pathological. IN in this case significant changes are observed in the blood supply system, as well as in the myocardium. As the speed of the heart increases, the chambers do not have time to completely fill with blood. This causes circulatory disorders, and as a result, oxygen starvation occurs in the tissues of other organs. After some time, the heart expands and the contractility of the heart muscle decreases. Cardiomyopathy develops. Also, this form is accompanied by myocardial ischemia, this occurs due to poor blood flow in coronary arteries. If the vessels are susceptible to atherosclerosis, then the patient is at risk of developing.
2. Physiological. This is a type of norm. An increase in heart rate occurs due to certain external reasons: stress or physical activity. After the cessation of external influence, heart rate (heart rate) returns to its original value. In this case, no hemodynamic disorders or changes in the heart muscle occur. The only danger can be that increased heart contractions can provoke an exacerbation of some other pathology.

Highlight:

• moderate form;
• expressed form.

Moderate

To understand what moderate sinus tachycardia is, it is important to determine the permissible heart rate. The pulse in this case varies from 90 to 135. The patient does not feel any symptoms of the disease. Most often, the disease manifests itself under stress and strain.

Moderate sinus tachycardia most often does not require treatment.

Expressed

With it, the pulse increases significantly and ranges from 135 to 185 beats/minute. The patient may feel significant weakness. Dizziness and loss of consciousness may occur. When manifested similar symptoms It is recommended that you see a doctor for further examination.

Severe sinus tachycardia may be the result of pathology.

Sinus tachycardia on ECG

In adults

Experts, having studied what sinus tachycardia is and the reasons for its occurrence in adults, have found that an increase in heart rate can be:

• in a state of normality;
• as a result of any pathology.

As the brain and autonomic regulation become more mature, the symptoms of adolescent tachycardia may disappear completely or, conversely, manifest themselves to a significant extent.

Particular attention should be paid to the increase in heart rate in old age.

During pregnancy

It has been established that even if a woman does not have work disorders of cardio-vascular system, it is possible to develop sinus tachycardia during pregnancy. This is not physiological norm and can be explained by a number of quite natural reasons:

• During pregnancy, a woman’s blood flow volume increases, this is associated with an increase in the size of the uterus and the growth of the unborn child;
• During pregnancy, a woman’s weight increases, which also affects the functioning of the heart;
• change hormonal levels future mother.

With each new month of pregnancy, the load on the heart increases. In this case, the disease can go from moderate to severe. This disease requires particularly close monitoring, especially in the third trimester, as it can provoke serious complications for both mother and fetus.

In teenagers

Cardiologists, answering the question of what sinus tachycardia is in adolescents, strive to consider the problem not only from the side of pathological changes, but also from the point of view of the influence of intensive growth and development of all systems and organs as a whole.

Experts are constantly studying this disease and the causes of its occurrence at a young age. Most often it happens due to characteristics or disorders of the nervous system. The disease is also observed in patients suffering autonomic dysfunction. Moreover, any external influence, any emotional condition can cause an attack. Sinus tachycardia in a teenager has the following symptoms:

• sweating;
• dizziness;
• severe trembling.

The child has

Sinus tachycardia in a child is a common phenomenon. It means a significant increase in heart rate, while sinus rhythm is not changed. IN at different ages the heart rate value varies from 90 to 180 per minute.

In children under seven years of age, increased heart rate is not considered a pathology. Sinus tachycardia in a 1-year-old child most often has physiological causes and goes away on its own after some time.

Changes in heart rate are caused by:

• febrile conditions (an increase in temperature by 1 degree causes an increase in heart rate by 10-15 beats);
• immaturity of the nervous system;
• defects in the development of the heart;

Sinus tachycardia in children requires careful monitoring so as not to miss serious violations in development and health.

In a newborn

A child's pulse directly depends on age. A normal infant's heart rate may be 140 beats per minute.

Sinus tachycardia in a newborn is almost always normal physiological phenomenon which does not require medical intervention.

Causes

When the disease is sinus tachycardia, there can be various causes. There is an accepted division:

1. Cardiac. These include:
   • inflammatory processes, they can have both infectious and autoimmune origin;
   • types of ischemic heart damage;
   • congenital and acquired heart defects;
2. Not related to heart problems:
   • disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine glands;
   • neuroses, psychoses and other neurogenic diseases.
3. Lack of oxygen can cause your heart rate to increase.
4. Some medications can cause palpitations.

Vertebrogenic nature of the disease

The appearance of tachycardia can be caused by problems with the spine. Vertebrogenic sinus tachycardia is diagnosed with the following symptoms:

• an increase in heart rate occurs when turning or bending;
• when finding long time in an uncomfortable position, an attack may develop;
• in addition to changes in pulse, there are other symptoms indicating problems with the spinal column;
• Strong coughing or sneezing increases the speed of the heartbeat.

Symptoms

A doctor, examining a patient with sinus tachycardia, carefully examines the symptoms of the disease, finds out the cause that caused it, and prescribes appropriate treatment.

Sometimes, with the disease sinus tachycardia, there may be no symptoms at all.

Sometimes the patient complains of minor discomfort localized inside the chest, rapid heartbeat and mild pain.

As the disease progresses, complaints become more specific and cause significant discomfort.

With this disease the following are possible:

• persistent strong sensation of rapid heartbeat;
• feeling of lack of air even at rest;
• fast fatiguability;
• constant weakness;
• constant feeling of irritation, insomnia and anxiety.

A distinctive feature is the gradual increase in symptoms. Very often the patient is not able to record the time of the onset of the attack.

When the pulse becomes high enough, the patient begins to feel a rapid heartbeat. If the attack continues for a long time, it is possible to observe pallor of the skin, a decrease in urine output and a decrease in blood pressure. Possible seizures panic attacks and a state of severe anxiety.

Signs on ECG

The disease can be diagnosed based on the results of an ECG. This is basic diagnostic criterion allowing to accurately identify the disease.

To diagnose the disease, sinus tachycardia on the ECG identifies the following signs:

• Heart rate more than 90 beats per minute;
• preservation sinus rhythm, while the P wave goes in front of the ventricular complex;
• QRS is not disturbed;
• the gap between the P waves is reduced;
• the size of the T waves is higher or lower than normal.

For a more accurate diagnosis of the disease, sinus tachycardia ECG is done under load. For example, the patient is asked to squat or special exercise machines are used. ECG is taken before and after physical exercise. If attacks occur rarely and last a short time, the doctor may prescribe daily monitoring for diagnosis.

Treatment

For timely diagnosis, an adult must know what sinus tachycardia is and whether it is dangerous. For effective treatment angina pectoris, first of all, it is necessary to find out the cause that causes it. In addition to relieving symptoms, it is also necessary to eliminate what causes increased heart rate.

Physiological tachycardia does not require treatment. The pathological form of the disease is treated by a cardiologist. If a patient is diagnosed with sinus tachycardia, advice on “how to treat” should be sought by specialists such as an endocrinologist, neurologist, or psychotherapist.

How to treat?

After a confirmed diagnosis of sinus tachycardia, treatment is prescribed by the doctor, but the patient must first change his lifestyle and habits.

For successful treatment it is necessary:

1. To refuse from bad habits.
2. Eliminate all caffeine-containing products.
3. Remove spicy spices from your diet.
4. You need to eat food in small portions at least 5-6 times a day.
5. Establish a balance between work and proper rest.
6. Walk more in the fresh air.
7. Try to avoid stressful situations and excessive loads on nervous system.

All this is enough for physiological tachycardia to stop bothering the patient. But if the problem is caused by any pathologies or diseases, serious treatment is no longer possible.

Drugs

Treatment of sinus tachycardia with drugs is aimed at eliminating the root cause of the disease:

1. Increased thyroid function. In this case, the patient is advised to take thyreostatics (for example, Mercazolil). Additionally, the attending physician may prescribe (for example, Pindolol) or calcium antagonists (Verapamil) to normalize the heart rhythm.
2. For anemia. Prescribed drugs that increase the iron content in the blood (Ferrum-lek). Good effect provide vitamins and microelements. In this case, means for additional heart rate correction are rarely prescribed.
3. For chronic heart failure, beta blockers and cardiac glycosides (Celanide) are prescribed.

If drug treatment is ineffective, the patient may be recommended to undergo surgery.

Why is it dangerous?

Many patients do not understand what sinus tachycardia is and why it is dangerous. Physiological tachycardia does not pose a health risk. But the pathological form, if not treated in time, can cause a number of serious complications.

During attacks of rapid heartbeat, wear and tear on the heart increases significantly. The ventricles do not have time to fill with blood, and the speed of the heart muscle increases. This leads to oxygen deficiency in tissues and organs. Because of this, it may develop ischemic lesion heart and brain.

Are they allowed into the army with this diagnosis?

Conscripts and their relatives do not always know whether they are being accepted into the army with a diagnosis of “sinus tachycardia.” Tachycardia itself is not a contraindication to military conscription. Exemptions are granted to those conscripts whose illness is accompanied by other serious illnesses. concomitant diseases. For example, conscription into the army is unacceptable for rheumatoid diseases accompanied by heart failure.

Increased heart rate of the paroxysmal type differs from the sinus type in the sudden acute onset of the attack and abrupt cessation. In this case, the pulse can reach 300 beats per minute.

This disease is almost always accompanied by serious damage to the heart muscle. In this case, there is a violation of intracardiac and external blood flow. If left untreated, it can cause the death of the patient.

Arrhythmia is caused by a violation of electrical conductivity and heart rate regulation. Appears in 95% of all cases. Can cause arrhythmogenic collapse and heart failure.

Useful video

For more information about sinus tachycardia, watch this video:

Conclusion

1. Despite the fact that many people experience increased heart rate due to understandable physiological reasons and go away after stopping the exercise, you cannot relax. An increase in heart rate can be the result of severe pathologies that require examination and treatment.
2. It is important to remember that, unlike paroxysmal, the attack in this case develops slowly, and its onset is easy to miss.
3. In addition to problems with the heart itself, an increase in heart rate can cause nervous and endocrine systems. For correct treatment in this case, consultation with appropriate specialists may be required.
4. Many people do not understand what sinus tachycardia is and what unpleasant consequences it may cause and go to the doctor too late.
5. Illness is not a death sentence. After a timely diagnosis and proper treatment, a person’s quality of life will not deteriorate.

Sinus tachycardia is a change in cardiac activity, characterized by an increase in heart rate (heart rate) to approximately 100 - 130 beats per minute. An increase in these indicators is usually associated with an adaptive reaction of the sinus node to physical activity, stress, pain, fever, joy, intoxication of the body, etc.

In other words, tachycardia appears when tone decreases vagus nerve and increased sympathoadrenal activity. This condition occurs more often in people with a healthy heart, when the autonomic nervous system, due to its normal functioning is able to sufficiently influence cardiac activity. Physiological sinus tachycardia can also occur with the administration of atropine sulfate or with deep inspiration.

Sinus tachycardia can also be pathological. In chronic heart failure, pressure increases in the right side of the heart. This leads to activation of the nervous system and a reflex increase in heart rate (Bainbridge reflex). In this case, such tachycardia is not adaptive in relation to the entire body and can aggravate the course of the underlying disease.

Causes of sinus tachycardia

All factors that increase the heart rate are usually divided into intracardial (cardiac) and extracardiac (extracardiac).

Intracardiac factors causing an increase in heart rate:

• spicy and chronic form heart failure;
• myocardium;
• severe degrees of angina;
• heart defects;
• myo-, endo- and pericarditis;
• various cardiomyopathies.

In people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system, one of the first symptoms of impaired left ventricular function and the appearance of heart failure is sinus tachycardia.

Estracardial causes of tachycardia include various emotional stress or physical stress. An important role is played by hereditary predisposition. Often sinus tachycardia is a sign of dysfunction of individual elements of the brain (tumor) or the autonomic nervous system. This includes NCD (neurocirculatory dystonia), some psychoses, etc.

Enough common reasons A functional increase in heart rate is an increased release of adrenaline into the blood. This may occur when:

• thyrotoxicosis;
• pheochromocytoma;
• fainting;
• sudden drops blood pressure;
• attacks of pain.

Normally, sinus tachycardia also appears with fever against the background of any infectious diseases(ARVI, influenza, pneumonia). On average, when the temperature rises by one degree Celsius, the heart rate increases by 10–15 beats per minute. In children this figure is slightly lower.

Some toxins, as well as a number medical supplies have direct or reflex influence to the sinus node, causing tachycardia. These include:

• Norepinephrine and Adrenaline;
• diuretics (Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide);
• Eufillin and Atropine;
• some drugs that lower blood pressure (blood pressure);
• glucocorticoids (adrenal hormones) and thyroid hormones;
• strong tea, nicotine, coffee and alcohol.

There are cases in which the sinus node reacts excessively or does not react at all to the substances described above. This is probably due to the primary lesion of this rhythm source. In medicine, such a response of the sinus node is called inadequate.

Symptoms

True sinus tachycardia is characterized by an increase in heart rate at rest or at night. It should be borne in mind that during sleep the frequency of contractions normally decreases for physiological reasons.

More serious manifestations of the disease are discomfort in the heart area, a feeling of increased and rapid heartbeat. Sometimes these symptoms are accompanied by dizziness or syncope (fainting).

Another complaint of patients suffering from sinus tachycardia is chest pain. Often such sensations interfere with breathing, and a feeling of fear appears. Physical exercise tolerance is significantly reduced.

Typically, with sinus tachycardia, attacks of rapid heartbeat stop on their own. However, in the same way they appear again. The occurrence of such a condition is not dangerous for the body when healthy heart. Only in the case of existing pathology of the cardiovascular system, cases of tachycardia can harm a person.

Sinus tachycardia in a child

• anemia;
• acidosis;
• increased blood glucose levels;
• attacks of pain;
• temperature increase.

By the first year of life, in the absence of any disease, sinus tachycardia goes away on its own without any drug treatment.

A sinus node pathology can be suspected in children if the heart rate fluctuates between 100 and 160 beats per minute for five or more minutes. It is important to take into account all provoking factors and the presence of cardiac and cerebral symptoms (shortness of breath, fainting, dizziness and pain in the heart).

In older children, sinus tachycardia is often a manifestation of physical or emotional stress, some endocrine diseases or anemia. In this case, it is important to promptly determine the cause and prevent tachycardia, because these conditions can subsequently lead to a hypertensive form of vegetative-vascular dystonia. As the disease progresses, heart failure or other cardiac pathology may develop.

If attacks of rapid heartbeat are detected in children and adolescents, their dynamic monitoring is necessary. However, it is worth considering the fact that the cause of sinus tachycardia may be an incompletely formed cardiovascular system.

Despite all the possible reasons for such heart work, when attacks of rapid heartbeat occur, it is necessary to free the child’s neck from clothing and ensure the flow of fresh air(if this happened indoors).

Sinus tachycardia during pregnancy

The appearance of sinus tachycardia during pregnancy is caused by various factors. Among them, the general restructuring of the body during the period of bearing a child is of particular importance. Thus, the hormonal background of the body changes, the load on the nervous system increases, and the intensity of work of all internal organs. In addition, due to the increasing size of the fetus and uterus, the abdominal and thoracic organs are compressed and change their position.

A doctor can diagnose true sinus tachycardia in a pregnant woman only after all possible causes of this condition have been excluded. These include frequent vomiting, blood loss or dehydration... It is important to pay attention to when the increase in heart rate appears. At the beginning of pregnancy, this is a more dangerous symptom than one that appears closer to childbirth. On recent months tachycardia usually occurs due to the fact that the diaphragm squeezes the heart and it changes its position in chest. It is for this reason that even with a heart rate of up to 120 beats per minute in the last three months of gestation, treatment to correct the functioning of the heart is not prescribed.

Diagnosis and changes on the ECG

Diagnosis of sinus tachycardia is not difficult. It is carried out in two stages:

1. Determining heart rate by feeling the pulse in the arteries.
2. Recording and interpretation of ECG.

The next sign of sinus tachycardia will be shortening R-R interval. Those. a decrease in the distance between ventricular QRS complexes can be detected. In addition, unlike atrial fibrillation, these intervals throughout the entire ECG will be almost equal (due to the normal respiratory arrhythmia, the distance may differ by 10%).

With severe sinus tachycardia, the atrial P wave may overlap the ST segment or the repolarizing T wave of the previous complex. Another difference from paroxysmal tachycardia is the gradually developing and decreasing change in heart rate.

Treatment of sinus tachycardia

The basis of therapy for such tachycardia is entirely aimed at eliminating the cause that causes this state. In many cases, achieve normal frequency heart rate can be achieved by normalizing your activity regimen and avoiding stressful situations. In the absence of effect or for more severe course diseases, sedatives are prescribed. In addition, it is necessary to reduce to a minimum the consumption of coffee, strong tea, nicotine and alcohol.

If the cause of the disease is another pathology, then treatment is possible only after comprehensive survey. For sinus tachycardia of neurogenic origin, the neurologist may prescribe antipsychotic drugs or tranquilizers.

Reflex sinus tachycardia is a compensatory response to a decrease in blood pressure or changes in thyroid hormone levels. If the heart rate increases for this reason, the disease must be treated depending on the cause that caused it. Otherwise, complications may arise in the form of a drop in blood pressure and cardiovascular failure.

If the cause of tachycardia is thyrotoxicosis, then the basis of therapy is simultaneous administration thyrostatic drugs with beta blockers. In case of contraindications to taking the latter or individual intolerance, they are replaced with medicinal substances from the group of calcium antagonists.

In case of existing heart failure, aggravated by sinus tachycardia, it is advisable to take cardiac glycosides in combination with the same beta blockers.

The dosage of all drugs must be selected strictly individually. The target criterion is to reduce heart rate to 60 – 70 beats per minute. When vegetative-vascular dystonia It is allowed to maintain a heart rate of up to 90 beats per minute. The patient’s subjective feelings about changes in heart function should also be taken into account.

An inadequate form of tachycardia requires more serious treatment, because with it there is usually no effect from all taken medicines. In this case, it is carried out radiofrequency cauterization area of ​​the heart that is responsible for sinus tachycardia. If this treatment option is ineffective, then implantation of a permanent pacemaker is indicated, which will act as an artificial pacemaker.

Disease prognosis

The outcome of sinus tachycardia is generally favorable. However, in the event of tachycardia occurring against the background of heart failure or impaired left ventricular function, it is quite difficult to predict the outcome. This is due to the fact that the emerging increase in heart rate is a reaction of the heart and blood vessels to a change in the amount of blood ejected into the bloodstream.

Prevention

Besides healthy image life important point in the prevention of sinus tachycardia is timely diagnosis and compliance with recommendations for the treatment of any disease (not just cardiovascular diseases).

Thus, we can conclude that sinus tachycardia as an independent pathology is not dangerous disease. More often it represents a compensatory reaction to changes in the human body.

The heart is the main organ, on the correct and stable functioning of which the functioning of the complex depends. human body and him individual systems. Thanks to the correct and constant rhythm of this organ, the synchronous work of the internal organs is carried out.

Its violation entails malfunctions in other life support systems, which can lead to numerous pathological diseases. Therefore, the question of whether sinus tachycardia is dangerous arises quite often in patients of different ages.

basic information

Changes in heart rhythm received different names, what is related to which direction it happened: in the direction of increasing or decreasing heart beats.

The phenomenon when the number of beats is increased is called tachycardia. The reasons for it are very different and are determined by how internal processes, occurring in the body and external factors.

In some cases, the disease is physiological, which is associated with a person’s response to certain stimuli.

Factors in the development of the disorder

Tachycardia is divided into physiological and pathological form . The first is natural and arises as a result of:

• excessive physical activity;
• the onset of adolescence, when all body systems are rebuilt;
• pregnancy, which is caused by an increase in the load on the woman’s body;
• consumption;
• stressful situation;
• ordinary excitement.

The reasons for the sinus form of the second option are the development various diseases . These include:

• intoxication of the body as a result of poisoning with alcohol, drugs, waste products of viruses, bacteria;
• feverish condition;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• taking medications, which include glucocorticoids, antidepressants, diuretics, aminophylline;
• pathologies of the respiratory system;
• changes in blood composition;
• heart and vascular diseases;
• pathologies of the nervous system.

Manifestation of the disease

Sinus tachycardia, the symptoms of which vary, manifests itself depending on the degree of development of the disease and its nature. Its signs include:

• the appearance of unpleasant sensations;
• the appearance of heartbeat;
• pain;
• the appearance of a feeling of heaviness;
• lack of inhaled oxygen;
• regular dizziness;
• the appearance of shortness of breath;
• feeling of weakness;
• development of insomnia;
• fast fatiguability;
• poor appetite;
• decreased vitality.

The disease is divided into two types: transient tachycardia and long-term. The regular occurrence of these symptoms indicates that it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Self-medication or inattention to one’s health will result in the development of complications and subsequent long and complex treatment.

Diagnostics

If symptoms of the disease develop, you should consult a specialist. A cardiologist will tell you what to take for sinus disease.

If it is absent or there is difficulty in visiting a specialist, you can contact a therapist, who will issue a referral to a suitable clinic or medical Center to clarify the diagnosis and to be able to prescribe specialized treatment to the patient as quickly as possible. To the number diagnostic measures applies:

• interviewing the patient, when the doctor collects all the necessary information;
• listening to heart rate;
• general blood test, when a specialist analyzes the values ​​of red blood cells, hemoglobin and other indicators;
• blood test to detect thyroid hormones;
• general urine examination;
• , with the help of which rhythm is studied and heart rate is calculated;
• Ultrasound of the heart, as a result of which the functioning of the valves, heart muscle, and the presence of chronic pathologies is traced.

Features of treatment

When diagnosing a disease, a natural question is: how to treat sinus tachycardia?

Treatment is not particularly difficult. To do this, it is necessary to identify the disease in time and decide on a treatment method. If you have a question about how to treat sinusitis effectively, you need to know about modern methods therapy of the disease. These include:

1. Therapeutic effect when the emphasis is on the use of appropriate medications. They are prescribed by a doctor and depend on the underlying cause of tachycardia. All medications are divided into two groups: sedatives, which reduce the number of attacks, and antiarrhythmics, the treatment of which must be strictly controlled.
2. Surgical intervention relevant when there is a hormonal cause. This is usually due to the presence of a tumor. Surgical treatment shown when available birth defects heart, coronary disease.

First aid

A person is not always ready for an attack. In some cases it occurs suddenly. Therefore, it is important to know the characteristics of behavior in such situations. First aid includes:

1. Providing access to oxygen. To do this, it is often enough to go out into the fresh air.
2. Warning others about darkening of the eyes and severe weakness;
3. Cold compress;
4. Abdominal tension, holding your breath. Such actions will lead to a decrease in heart rate.

The lack of effectiveness of these measures requires calling an ambulance. Specialists will assess the condition and take effective measures to eliminate signs of tachycardia.

What is the danger? A must read for expectant mothers! the same manifestations as sinus form. Here are the main differences between them. All about the consequences extensive heart attack.

However, this does not mean that after the symptoms disappear you can forget about it. Its appearance already indicates the development of deviations in the functioning of the human body.

What will happen if left untreated?

Lack of proper treatment will lead to rapid development of heart failure. Wherein the process will accelerate in the presence of other heart diseases or other pathologies (hormonal imbalance, defeat respiratory system). How dangerous is the disease?

Lack of treatment for heart failure is manifested by a decrease in the quality of life and its duration.

Conclusion

Sinus tachycardia is current problem many people. This is due not only to the prevalence of the disease, but also to the complications that can develop in the absence of therapy.

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate. After all, the causes of the disease are different. It is a mistake to treat a symptom without knowing the origins of its development.