Chronic sore throat symptoms and treatment. Exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. Herbal collections for treatment

Chronic tonsillitis is a sluggish inflammatory disease that involves the palatine tonsils and is prone to relapse. One of the most common pathologies of the ENT organs. Diagnosed in more than 10% of the total population. The main reason for development is incorrect and untimely treatment acute sore throat.

Chronic tonsillitis develops for various reasons. But still, the main one is previously untreated tonsillitis. This happens either due to insufficient qualifications of the doctor, or the patient’s failure to comply with all recommendations for drug therapy. According to statistics, angina becomes chronic in those people who stopped taking antibiotics, citing improvement in their condition, or self-prescribed treatment.

Normally, after an acute inflammatory process in the tonsils, it occurs full recovery. Due to various circumstances, the completion of the pathological process does not occur, the infection remains in the organ. Thus, the disease takes on a sluggish form without severe symptoms. During exacerbation, chronic tonsillitis manifests itself typically for acute tonsillitis.

Depending on the type of pathogen, tonsillitis is of three types:

1. Bacterial. It occurs due to the entry of bacteria into the oropharynx, such as streptococci, staphylococci, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With this type, the process is almost always localized only on the palatine tonsils, and in advanced cases it goes beyond them. It does not have an acute onset; symptoms increase gradually. The main difference between bacterial tonsillitis is the presence of purulent foci on the tonsils.
2. Fungal. Appears mainly due to the ingestion of yeast-like and mold fungi into the body. The process does not have a clear localization; the tonsils, mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx are affected. Fungal tonsillitis is characterized by whitish islands, when removed, bleeding ulcers appear.
3. Viral. The cause is the entry of viruses into the body (influenza, herpes, adenovirus, Epstein-Barr). This species typically has an acute onset with a lightning-fast progression of symptoms. There are no purulent foci with viral sore throat. Inflammation spreads to the tonsils, soft palate, arches, uvula, and pharynx. Almost always accompanied by a runny nose and cough. The plaque is whitish, in the form of a film, the mucous membrane does not bleed when removed.

Viral and fungal tonsillitis in most cases are the primary source of the chronic process. If these two pathologies are not given due attention in the acute phase and the inflammation is not eliminated, bacterial infection, which is already becoming sluggish. Themselves viral and fungal tonsillitis rarely become chronic; this occurs in cases where the pathogen affects the entire body (herpes, candidiasis).

In addition to improper treatment of acute tonsillitis, the development of chronic tonsillitis is facilitated by:

• sluggish inflammatory foci in organs adjacent to the tonsils (rhinitis, pathologies of the paranasal sinuses, adenoiditis, caries, periodonditis);
• violation of nasal breathing (deviated septum, trauma, neoplasms in the nasal passages);
• other systemic pathologies;
• weakening of the body's protective abilities.

In turn, a decrease in immunity leads to:

• wrong, not balanced diet;
• passive lifestyle;
• hypothermia;
• stress;
• overwork, excessive physical activity;
• unfavorable ecological environment;
• poor working conditions;
• bad habits.

Children in the first six years of life are more susceptible to chronic sore throat. This is due to the underdevelopment of the immune system. Socially unadapted segments of the population, as well as people with HIV status, are also at risk.

Symptoms of chronic sore throat

According to its course, chronic tonsillitis is divided into two forms: compensated and decompensated. With compensated tonsillitis, the tonsils, despite the inflammatory process, cope with their main function. By decompensated it is meant that the tonsils do not fulfill their role in the body, being only a source of infection. Conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis at this stage is not effective; doctors resort to surgical intervention.

Symptoms of a sluggish process in the tonsils are not pronounced. The presence of chronic tonsillitis is indicated by the following: structural changes tonsils that the doctor can see:

• lymphadenoid tissue atrophies and is replaced by connective tissue;
• the number of lacunae on the surface of the organ is reduced;
• increase cervical lymph nodes;
• the number of follicles decreases, they become dense;
• tonsils become smaller;
• scars and adhesions appear between the arches and tonsils.

As for the signs of sluggish tonsillitis that the patient himself feels, these include:

• discomfort in the throat, sore throat, lasting up to several months;
• cough, especially at night;
• periodic increase in body temperature to subfebrile levels;
• increased fatigue, drowsiness;
• exacerbation of the disease several times a year.

Relapses are mostly seasonal. The slightest hypothermia can cause acute tonsillitis, for which the following symptoms are specific:

• acute pain in the throat, worsening when swallowing, often radiating to the ear;
• fever;
• intoxication of the body;
• severe weakness, dizziness;
• loss of appetite.

Conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis

Before you understand how to treat chronic tonsillitis, you should conduct a full diagnosis of the pathology. First of all, the pharynx is examined, the cervical lymph nodes are palpated, and an anamnesis is collected. To clarify the causative agents of pathology, the following laboratory tests are prescribed:

• Throat and nasal swab for culture. Through this analysis, the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to medications are determined.
• Clinical blood test . After conducting this study, it will become known what type of infection provoked the pathology. Each type of sore throat has its own specific picture on a detailed analysis. Blood sampling is carried out during an exacerbation.
• General urine analysis. This study is carried out to assess the functionality of the excretory system.

After receiving the research results, the doctor will decide how to treat chronic tonsillitis in this case. It is not possible to completely get rid of the sluggish process. Often the process is treated through exacerbation. There are two ways to remove a chronic lesion in the tonsils or stop its activity: conservatively and surgically.

TO conservative methods Reception applies systemic drugs, local procedures, physiotherapy.

Medication

How to cure chronic tonsillitis without surgery is a question asked by everyone who has encountered the pathology.

The main thing in the fight against the disease is etiotropic therapy, its goal is to eliminate the cause of the disease. This includes three groups of drugs:

1. Antibiotics. Prescribed for chronic sore throat bacterial origin. Drugs of the Cephalosporin group (Ceftriaxone, Cedex), Macrolides (Sumamed, Azithromycin), Amoxicillins (Augmentin, Ospamox) are used. Depending on the severity of the process and the age of the patient, drugs are prescribed in the form of injections and internally (tablets, syrups).
2. Antifungal. Used for tonsillomycosis. They have fungicidal and fungistatic properties, killing or stopping the growth of pathogenic fungi. Nystatin, Fluconazole, and Levorin are popular among antimycotic drugs.
3. Antiviral. Eliminate viruses that have entered the body and provoked the inflammatory process (Acyclovir, Isoprinosine).

In addition to etiotropic therapy, the leading role in the fight against chronic sore throat is played by the restoration of the body's protective abilities. To strengthen the immune system, immunostimulants and immunomodulators (Aflubirn, Anaferon) are used.

While taking antibiotics and for candidiasis of the tonsils, medications containing lactobacilli are prescribed. In the first case, this is necessary to prevent dysbiosis, which occurs during the use of antimicrobial agents. For fungal sore throat, probiotics are used to eliminate the imbalance, which in most cases causes the development of pathology.

At elevated temperatures, antipyretics (Paracetamol, Nurofen, Nimesil) are used. In addition to eliminating hyperthermia, this group of drugs has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

If the tonsils swell greatly during an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, which makes swallowing difficult, and sometimes even breathing, antihistamines (Fenistil, Eden, Citrine) are prescribed. They help relieve tissue swelling, thereby improving patency in the pharynx.

Complex therapy for sore throat involves the use of local drugs that act directly at the site of inflammation. Products in this group are produced in the form of aerosols (Eucalyptus, Hexoral) and lozenges (Faringosept, Septifril, Strepsils). Regardless of the form of release, they have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and some analgesic properties.

Gargling

Another way to combat chronic sore throat is to gargle. Thanks to this procedure, the tonsils are cleansed of pus and microbes, the mucous membrane is moisturized, and inflammation goes away.

For rinsing, both pharmaceutical preparations and products that can be easily prepared at home are used. Among the recipes of traditional healers are:

• To a glass of boiled water, cooled to room temperature, add a teaspoon of salt, the same amount of soda, a few drops of iodine (up to 5, no more). Gargle every two hours. Salt relieves inflammatory swelling, soda relieves irritation, iodine has bactericidal properties.
• A tablespoon of pharmaceutical calendula or chamomile is poured into a glass of boiling water, infused, and filtered. Apply every hour.

Pharmaceutical drugs include:

• Furacilin,
• Miramistin,
• Chlorhexidine,
• Chlorphilipt.

The action of such drugs is aimed at relieving inflammatory edema and destroying pathogenic microflora.

The drugs are also administered using an inhaler. This method is new, but is already widely used in the treatment of ENT pathologies.

I would like to note that local procedures do not eliminate the inflammatory process completely; they only remove the unpleasant symptoms that accompany a sore throat. The main treatment is etiotropic therapy.

Physiotherapy

When the inflammatory process subsides in a state of remission, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed, which are part of complex therapy. Most often prescribed:

• treatment with infrared rays;
• magnetic therapy;
• laser;
• ultraphonophoresis.

Ultraphonophoresis works like an irrigator, where antiseptic solutions are supplied to the tonsils under pressure. With this procedure, lacunae are cleared of pus and pathogenic microorganisms, tissue regeneration is improved, and the number of scars is reduced.

At the stage of inflammation subsiding in chronic angina, heat treatment is important. A simple and affordable way is semi-alcohol or vodka compresses. Acute tonsillitis is a contraindication to rewarming.

Cryodestruction

Conservative methods of treating chronic tonsillitis include cryodestruction. Another name for it is “freezing” the tonsils.

After the procedure, the patient’s condition improves significantly, swelling decreases, and pain goes away. The state of “calm” can last up to six months. Afterwards it is recommended to repeat the procedure.

Surgical methods

In the decompensated form of chronic tonsillitis, when the tonsils do not perform their function, the main treatment method is surgery.

After a complete diagnosis and exclusion of contraindications, a tonsillotomy (removal of part of the tonsils) or tonsillectomy (complete removal of the tonsils) is performed under general anesthesia. These methods of intervention are now rarely used; doctors more often resort to laser correction.

Contraindications to surgery:

• diabetes;
• blood clotting disorder;
• tuberculosis;
• renal failure;
• pregnancy in the second and third trimester.

Complications of chronic tonsillitis

People suffering from chronic sore throat often suffer from diseases of the upper respiratory tract, such as bronchitis, rhinitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia.

In addition, untreated or sluggish tonsillitis can lead to the development of a number of pathologies:

• rheumatism with subsequent inflammation and destruction of joint tissues;
• heart defects;
• pericarditis;
• sepsis;
• meningitis;
• otitis;
• skin diseases.

To prevent this from happening, at the first symptoms of a sore throat you should seek help from a medical facility.

Prevention

Main preventive measure to prevent chronic tonsillitis - timely and correct treatment of acute tonsillitis. To prevent the process from becoming chronic, at the first symptoms of pathology it is necessary to contact an ENT doctor and carefully follow all his recommendations.

In addition, you should strengthen the body’s protective functions:

• eat a healthy, balanced diet, including all food groups in your diet;
• lead active image life;
• maintain cleanliness in the premises;
• eliminate alcohol and smoking;
• exercise;
• Avoid hypothermia and overheating.

Chronic sore throat is difficult to treat and is one of those pathologies that are easier to prevent than to get rid of it. This should be remembered by all patients who will try to cure tonsillitis on their own.

Untreated acute tonsillitis often leads to the fact that in the lymphoid tissue of the throat and tonsils remains infectious agent. The development of this microorganism increases under the influence of any unfavorable stimulus and then the sore throat worsens again.

Frequent relapses of tonsillitis indicate that a person has chronic tonsillitis - a disease that requires treatment both during the stage of relapse of the disease and outside periods of exacerbation.

Causes and signs of chronic sore throat

The main cause of chronic tonsillitis is considered to be acute tonsillitis. In addition to this reason, other factors may influence the development of the chronic form of the disease:

• The presence of foci of infection in neighboring organs - caries, adenoids, sinusitis, rhinitis.
• Disruption of normal nasal breathing, which often develops due to a deviated nasal septum, proliferation of polyps
• Decreased functioning of the immune system.

With prolonged chronic tonsillitis, the tonsils lose their main ability to resist infection. Chronic sore throat is the main cause frequent pharyngitis, bronchitis and many diseases of internal organs, the most dangerous of which include rheumatism, endocarditis, systemic lupus erythematosus. Under the influence of a constant source of infection, heart defects may develop, and the organs of the gastrointestinal tract may suffer. That is, a seemingly harmless disease can cause a lot of troubles that a person will have to struggle with for the rest of his life.

Exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis occur up to several times a year; in weakened people, this process can be observed every month. With an exacerbation of the disease, tonsillitis can manifest itself with all the symptoms that often accompany acute tonsillitis, these are:

• Pain and discomfort in the throat.
• Increased body temperature.
• Sore throat also affects the appearance of symptoms of intoxication.
• The appearance of plaque on the tonsils.
• Enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes.

But at the same time, especially for adult patients, angina during a relapse may not manifest obvious signs. A slight deterioration in health, mild pain when swallowing goes away within a few days and sometimes even without drug treatment. But this does not mean that the infection has left the body; on the contrary, it continues to develop, causing damage to health.

Outside the acute stage, chronic tonsillitis manifests itself unpleasant smell from the mouth, periodic weakness. Children with tonsillitis constantly develop colds. Upon examination, the doctor sees that the tonsils look swollen, their tissues become loose, and the palatine sacs are thickened. Chronic lacunar tonsillitis is characterized by the constant presence of plugs in the lacunae with a special secretion and an extremely unpleasant odor.

How and how to treat chronic tonsillitis?

It is recommended to treat chronic sore throat only under the guidance of a doctor. Treatment is divided into conservative and surgical interventions. During therapy, it is necessary not only to restore the function of the tonsils themselves, but also to get rid of other foci of infection in the body. Sore throat in chronic stage It is treated not only by an ENT doctor, but also by a therapist and dentist.

Conservative treatment is carried out using special techniques and medications:

• Rinsing the lacunae with aseptic solutions is necessary to remove plugs and all pathogens from the tonsils. Washing lacunae in modern medicine is most often carried out with the “Tonsillor” apparatus, with the help of which medicinal solutions can be administered. The medicine is administered using an ultrasonic nozzle, which ensures its spraying throughout the submucosal layer.
• Laser therapy can reduce swelling and inflammation in the tonsils.
• Ural irradiation - that is, ultrasound irradiation is considered the oldest, but at the same time effective way to sanitize chronic foci of infection. Ural irradiation not only destroys bacteria, but also increases blood supply and nutrition in the treated area, which affects the rapid regeneration of cells.

All these procedures are carried out in courses consisting of 5-15 sessions. In order to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect and avoid surgical intervention, conservative treatment should be carried out several times a year.

It is necessary to treat chronic tonsillitis and medicines. Drug therapy should be aimed at eliminating the infection and restoring the functioning of the immune system. Based on this, the doctor prescribes:

• Antibiotics. In case of chronic tonsillitis, it is necessary to conduct a bacterial culture of microflora taken from the tonsils. Only on the basis of these tests will the doctor be able to select effective antibiotic. Antibacterial treatment is always prescribed for severe exacerbations of the disease, and during the period of remission it should be carried out until the pathogen completely disappears. Among the antibiotics used are Sumamed, Cefazolin,
• When treating with antibiotics, it is important to also use a course of probiotics. These medications will help restore the intestinal microflora, which has a positive effect on general state immunity. A course of Linex and Bifidum is prescribed.
• During an exacerbation, it is necessary to use gargling solutions, such as Miramistin, Dioxidin. Use inhalation sprays and dissolving tablets.
• Immunostimulating therapy is always necessary in the treatment of chronic infections. For increase local immunity the drug Imudon is indicated in the oral cavity.

Chronic tonsillitis often requires surgical intervention, which consists of partial or complete removal of the tonsils. Doctors often prefer to treat tonsillitis using the EHF method - this method removes the inflamed tissue and reduces the size of the lacunae, while the main function of the tonsils is preserved.

Chronic tonsillitis is an infectious disease that periodically manifests itself in the tonsils. This process occurs due to the fact that every time harmful microbes, when certain conditions arise, begin the process of growth and reproduction. Treatment is often carried out at home. It is believed that sore throat is a contagious disease, therefore, during exacerbation, it can be transmitted to other people.

The tonsils are paired structures that are located in the pharynx between the palatine arches. They resemble an oval consisting of lymphoid tissues. The tonsils perform a protective function.

Chronic sore throat develops for the following reasons.

• Ingress of streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae.
• Weakening of immune function.
• The presence of infectious diseases. These include sinusitis, caries, adenoids, and rhinitis.
• Presence of polyps.
• Untreated acute tonsillitis.

Chronic tonsillitis does not occur just like that. It develops as a result of acute tonsillitis. Experts believe that if a patient suffers from the disease more than five times a year, then he has a chronic form. Often this phenomenon occurs due to an interrupted treatment process. Any sore throat caused by bacteria is treated with antibacterial agents. But patients stop taking antibiotics on the third or fourth day, as a noticeable improvement occurs. But such a decision is wrong. The thing is that the bacteria are not completely eliminated, their activity is simply reduced. But if the drug is abruptly discontinued, they become immune to the antibiotic that the patient was taking. Doctors recommend carrying out the treatment process for at least five days.

It is also worth noting that chronic tonsillitis occurs not only as a result of microbial activity, but also due to the presence of other diseases in the form of blood diseases, systemic diseases, immunodeficiency, and work in hazardous industries.

Symptoms of chronic sore throat

Chronic tonsillitis, in comparison with acute tonsillitis, is characterized by a protracted course and mild manifestation of symptoms. The main signs of the disease are considered to be the following.

1. A painful sensation in the larynx that occurs from time to time and differs in the degree of manifestation.
2. Discomfort when swallowing food or saliva, as well as when talking.
3. The occurrence of an unpleasant odor from the mouth.
4. Frequent relapses of the disease, which occur more than three times a year.
5. A slight increase in temperature to 37-38 degrees.
6. The presence of chronic fatigue.
7. Increased sweating.

It is worth noting that other symptoms may occur with chronic sore throat. To accurately determine the diagnosis, you need to see a doctor and undergo an examination.

Diagnosis of chronic sore throat

To cure the disease, you need to contact an experienced specialist. Based on complaints and accompanying symptoms, the doctor will examine the oral cavity. During the examination, the doctor may detect redness and swelling of the tonsil tissue and the formation of plaque, which already indicates the presence of a sore throat. Also, with a chronic course, the following changes are observed.

• The presence of purulent plugs in the throat.
• Loose surface of the tonsils.
• Education adhesive process between the tonsils and palatine arches.
• Enlarged lymph nodes under the lower jaw in the neck area.

After this, the following examination will be prescribed.

• Donating blood for general and biochemical analysis.
• Taking a smear from the tonsil tissue to determine the pathogen and its susceptibility to antibiotics.
• Electrocardiography.
• Echocardiography.
• Carrying out an X-ray examination chest area and paranasal sinuses.
• Donating urine to general analysis.

The process of treating chronic sore throat

Many patients, upon learning the diagnosis, ask how to treat chronic tonsillitis. In practice, there are four treatment methods.

• Surgical intervention.
• Drug therapy.
• Treatment with folk remedies.
• Conservative treatment.

If the patient has chronic tonsillitis, treatment mainly involves the use of medications. The patient is prescribed the following.

1. Taking antibacterial drugs that belong to the group of penicillins, macrolides or cephalosporins. Long lasting treatment course ranges from five to ten days.
2. The use of antiseptics in the form of Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Collargol.
3. Taking immunostimulating drugs in the form of Levamisole, Interferon and Lysozyme.
4. The use of physiotherapy in the form of UVS, quartz and magnetic therapy.
5. The use of absorbable tablets with an anesthetic in the form of Grammidin or Strepsils.
6. Taking probiotics in the form of Linex or Bifidum.
7. Gargling with furatsilin solution up to six times a day.

If drug therapy does not produce results, the patient is recommended to undergo one of the following operations.

• Hardware treatment. This method means pumping out pus or plaque from the lacunae of the tonsils. After this, a special medicine is poured into the resulting voids.
• Laser treatment. With the help of this procedure, swelling of the throat is reduced and the inflammatory process in the tonsils is reduced.
• Ultraviolet irradiation. This treatment method is proven and effective. It makes it possible to carry out sanitation, destroy harmful microbes, speed up the healing process, increase nutrition and blood supply to the treated area.

All of the above procedures are carried out from five to fifteen times.

It is also possible to perform surgery, which involves removing part of the tonsils. They resort to it in a situation where other methods of treating chronic sore throat are absolutely powerless. In practice, the operation is called tonsillectomy. It is carried out under the influence of anesthetics. The duration of the procedure ranges from half an hour to two hours. It all depends on how many adhesions and adhesions have formed. At first glance, it seems that the operation is difficult and scary, but it is well tolerated by all patients. Recovery period passes quickly enough and without complications.

Treatment with traditional methods for chronic sore throat

Often, along with drug therapy, they resort to traditional methods. The treatment process is as follows.

1. In gargling with various solutions of Furacilin, soda and salt, apple cider vinegar.
2. In gargling with infusions of medicinal herbs. Often, decoctions are prepared from wormwood, eucalyptus, plantain, sage and chamomile.
3. In making compresses on a vodka or vegetable basis.
4. In carrying out inhalations with the addition essential oils or soda with iodine.
5. In drinking milk with honey. This method allows you to reduce pain by enveloping the mucous membrane of the larynx.

Since the reason for the development of chronic sore throat lies not only in external factors, but also in internal ones, the patient should undergo full examination body.
For chronic tonsillitis to go away, several important conditions must be met.

• Maintain bed rest and drinking regime. Liquid removes all microbes from the body, and rest does not allow bacteria to spread throughout the body.
• Ventilate the room as often as possible and humidify the air in it.
• Avoid hypothermia outdoors, which means dress appropriately for the weather conditions.
• Strengthen the immune system. Take vitamin and mineral supplements, carry out hardening procedures and do physical exercises.
• Eat quality food. You should avoid eating sweets, reduce sugar intake, and give up fatty, spicy and smoked foods.

Complications of chronic sore throat

Unfortunately, poorly treated sore throat can lead to the proliferation of bacteria in other human organs. With the development of a latent inflammatory process, neighboring tissues of the larynx begin to suffer from paratonsillitis and tonsillar abscess. If these two phenomena occur, the patient requires urgent surgical intervention.
Other complications also appear.

• Rheumatism.
• Arthritis.
• Glomerulonephritis.

Chronic tonsillitis requires timely consultation with a doctor and mandatory treatment.

Sore throat (acute tonsillitis) is an inflammation of the tonsils, often caused by streptococcus bacteria. If the treatment of the disease has not been carried out according to all canons, chronic inflammation occurs, called chronic tonsillitis. The process can develop in both adults and children.

Chronic sore throat or chronic tonsillitis?

There is often confusion with terminology; what exactly is the disease called tonsillitis or tonsillitis?

Tonsillitis is an inflammatory process in the tonsils that occurs due to exposure to a virus or bacteria. Sore throat is also called an acute process in the tonsils, that is, in fact, sore throat and tonsillitis are synonymous words. Tonsillitis is distinguished from tonsillitis only by the occasional formulation that tonsillitis is an acute process, and tonsillitis is chronic. Therefore, in principle, chronic inflammation of the tonsils can be called both chronic tonsillitis and chronic tonsillitis.

Chronic tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis manifests itself with symptoms of either acute tonsillitis or low-grade inflammation.

– these are formations in lacunae of a purulent nature, having a viscous or dense structure. They must be removed using special devices and not run, because The larger and harder the cork, the more difficult it is to remove. There is only one way to get rid of tonsillitis plugs - physiotherapy. In particular:

1. washing lacunae;
2. phonophoresis;
3. laser, ultrasound and ultraviolet therapy.

Often, chronic tonsillitis is confused with manifestations of pharyngitis or laryngitis.

How to distinguish signs of pharyngitis or laryngitis from chronic sore throat?

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis

How to treat chronic sore throat?

Treatment of chronic sore throat consists of:

• antibiotic therapy;
• local treatment;
• physiotherapy

Antibiotics

Treatment of chronic sore throat, just like the acute bacterial stage, requires antibiotics. Otherwise, it will not be possible to cure chronic sore throat, which is caused by streptococcus lodged in the tonsils.

Local preparations

Local medications are not a panacea, but exclusively additional products, produced in the form of lozenges, sprays and solutions for rinsing the mouth and throat. It makes no sense to use them without antibiotic drugs and physiotherapy.

Physiotherapy

An equally effective way to cure chronic tonsillitis is physiotherapy. Often, procedures are prescribed using a device capable of removing plugs, washing lacunae and phonophoresis in one session. Or, rinsing the lacunae of the tonsils with antiseptic agents is used, followed by disinfection with ultraviolet light.

This is extremely effective therapy, which is able to help even in difficult cases, providing non-surgical treatment. But, as a last resort, when a recurrent sore throat cannot be cured by absolutely nothing, the tonsils will have to be removed.

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis in children

Treatment of recurrent manifestations of tonsillitis in children will not differ radically from approaches to an adult patient. It is also necessary to eliminate bacterial cause chronicizing the process with antibiotics, use local antiseptics that are approved for the child, and physically act on the tonsils to remove pus that has stagnated in the lacunae.

Removal of tonsils in children is prescribed only when antibiotics and physiotherapy fail.

Why does chronic tonsillitis worsen?

Provokes a relapse in children and adults, a decrease in immunity that occurs in the presence of bad habits (passive smoking is also considered) and the lack of a quality standard of living (in the form of a balanced diet, timely treatment colds, bacterial and viral diseases, home cleanliness, etc.).

The second reason for exacerbations is the lack of preventive measures.

Prevention of chronic inflammation of the tonsils

Having fallen ill, first of all, it is important to prevent the process from becoming chronic with adequate treatment. When the first symptoms appear in children and adults, you need to contact medical care, only a doctor can make the correct diagnosis and truly select effective treatment. Self-medication and hope for traditional methods- a sure path to serious complications of the disease.

When a doctor prescribes antibiotics, you must strictly adhere to the course prescribed by him. Stopping taking the pills a few days earlier can lead to recurrent sore throat or the same complications. And, by the way, under no circumstances should you endure the disease on your feet; only bed rest will ensure a speedy recovery.

After treating the symptoms of acute inflammation, it is important to change your toothbrush, because... pathogens may remain on it, and using it may provoke a relapse. And it is equally important, after making and even overcoming such a diagnosis, to undergo regular examinations with an otolaryngologist, who will directly monitor the condition and promptly respond to changes that occur.

The duration of lacunar angina is about 6-8 days, when complications occur, the duration of the disease increases.
In other cases of tonsillitis, the clinical picture depends on the underlying disease.

Sore throat with diphtheria

• Choking cough
• Dyspnea
• Respiratory failure
• Symptoms of damage to the central nervous systems s (CNS)

Sore throat with flu

Typically, sore throat is associated with:

• rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa)
• conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye).

Sore throat with scarlet fever

• Gray plaque on the palatine tonsils, which, unlike plaque with diphtheria, is easily removed. Purulent plaque can spread to the soft palate, arches, and uvula.

• A pinpoint rash and peeling of the skin, but in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle the skin remains unchanged.
• Raspberry tongue one of the signs of scarlet fever.
• Regional lymph nodes – enlarged
• Headache
• Chills

Sore throat with infectious mononucleosis

Clinical picture
The incubation period takes about 45 days. IN initial stage noted:

• slight malaise
• sleep disturbance

• Angina
• Leukocytosis (increased white blood cells in the blood) with a large number of monocytes and lymphocytes
• Enlarged liver and spleen
• Heat.
• It is also accompanied by an increase in regional lymph nodes.

The palatine tonsils initially show changes of a banal sore throat, then the disease progresses with the formation of permanent dirty-gray plaques. In children, there is a significant enlargement of the palatine tonsils. Having increased in volume, they can converge along the midline, closing the lumen of the respiratory tract.

Bacterial or viral toxins penetrate the blood, spreading with current throughout the body, disrupting the function of other systems: the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.

Diagnosis of sore throat

Clinical examination
Clinical examination is the main method in diagnosing almost all diseases; it allows the doctor to study the patient’s condition without auxiliary laboratory research. This examination is very important as it provides most of the information about the patient. With it, the doctor can develop a plan further actions(diagnosis and treatment) Includes:

• Finding out the reason for the patient’s request and complaints, that is, all the information about the disease. Is the first step to resolution correct diagnosis. It is necessary to find out how long ago the first symptoms began, any treatment was undertaken, if any, what the effect was and other information that the doctor needs. When visiting a doctor, the patient must answer all questions - frankly, without hesitation.
• External examination and palpation of the neck, parotid and occipital areas.
• Pharyngoscopy – examination of the oral cavity and pharynx using a medical spatula. An examination of the mucous membrane is carried out by a general practitioner, pediatrician or ENT doctor.

• Mucous membrane of the soft palate
• Conditions of the cavity walls
• Gum
• The mucous membrane of the palatine tonsils.

• Percussion and auscultation of the respiratory, cardiovascular and other systems at the discretion of the physician.

• CBC (complete blood count) to determine symptoms of inflammation, anemia . For example, mononucleosis tonsillitis is characterized by an increase in the level of monocytes (normal 5-10%), lymphocytes (25-40%)

• The bacteriological method consists of collecting material (pathogens from the mucous membrane) and inoculating it on a nutrient medium Nutrient medium promotes the reproduction and growth of bacteria, it contains everything necessary for this nutrients and other conditions. After which a pure culture can be isolated for further study. May be uninformative, since the oral mucosa and all its components are normal Nutrient medium with a culture of bacteria grown.

Diagnosis of complications of angina

Frequent studies performed when diagnosing complications of angina:
Laboratory blood tests ( serological studies) - make it possible to determine the severity of the body’s inflammatory response and the presence of an autoimmune process.
The infectious process activates all immune processes of the body, and therefore the titer of antibodies to toxins And antigens ( unknown substances for the human body ) streptococcus - streptolysin O, hyaluronidase, streptokinase. Increase titer antistreptolysin O(antibodies) characteristic of:

• sore throat
• scarlet fever
• glomerulonephritis(inflammation of the renal glomeruli)

Echocardiogram– allows you to identify the anatomical data of the heart
EchoCG is a research method that allows one to determine defects of the valvular apparatus of the heart using ultrasound waves. Since chronic tonsillitis causes complications in the heart, namely its valvular apparatus, an echocardiogram (EchoCG) is necessary before and after treatment.

X-ray of bones and joints
This examination is prescribed for suspected autoimmune joint damage in rheumatic diseases.
The clinical picture includes:

• high temperature
• joint pain and limitation of movement
• symmetrical joint damage
• swelling in the joints, which may last for about a week, then subsides for a period of time.

Modern methods of treating sore throat

Non-drug treatment consists of following a diet, regimen, hygiene

• Bed rest, that is, the patient should not endure the disease physically exhausted. Eliminate physical stress.
• Ventilate the room in which the patient is located at least twice a day.
• Proper nutrition, mainly plant-based and easily digestible foods with high content vitamins (especially vitamin C)
• Various warming compresses (alcohol) in the area of ​​inflamed lymph nodes.
• Herbal inhalations: chamomile, sage.

Herbal infusion of chamomile It is done as follows: 1-2 teaspoons of chamomile are poured into 1 glass of water. Boil, then leave for about half an hour, then strain and use for rinsing several times a day or orally one teaspoon after meals.

It is necessary to remember that warming compresses and inhalations can be carried out at normal temperatures.
Drug treatment
In some cases, without treatment with medications, it becomes impossible to avoid complications and recover within a reasonable time - in this case, doctors are forced to resort to prescribing medications that can help your body cope with infectious process.

Treatment with antibiotics

• Follicular and lacunar form, when purulent foci of infection are present.
• When β - hemolytic streptococcus of group A is isolated in a smear and other types of microorganisms with a characteristic clinic.
• Complicated forms of bacterial infection.

Penicillins - amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin and others. Drugs in this series have the best results in the fight against streptococcal infections.
Injectable forms of benzylpenicillin are used in the dose:

• for teenagers and adults - 1.5-4 million units per day
• for children 400,000-600,000 units.

Approximate destination scheme:

• In mild forms of the disease for children up to 2-6 years Prescribe 5 ml (body weight 12-20 kg), divided into 2-3 doses. Children over 6 years old - 10 ml (body weight - up to 40 kg)
• In severe forms, the dose is doubled, that is, for children from 2-6 years appoint 10 ml, children over 6 years old 20 ml. 2 times a day at intervals 12 hours.
• For adults calculated 40 mg/kg/day, if the reception is divided into 3 receptions and 45 mg/kg/day for 2 appointments.

Cephalosporins - cefazolin, ceftriaxone and others
It is used parenterally (intramuscularly or intravenously). The dosage is selected individually and calculated by the doctor. The course of treatment should not exceed 14 days.
Dosage schedule:
Adults from 500 mg-2 g, 2-3 times a day (every 8-12 hours)
Children under 12 years old 30 mg/kg/day with an interval of 12 hours

Macrolides – erythromycin, clarithromycin and others
Used less frequently than the first two groups. Erythromycin is dosed individually. The course of treatment is up to 7 days. Treatment regimen:

• For adults 0.5-2 g 4-6 times a day.
• For children under 14 years old 20-40 mg/kg. Also 4-6 times a day.

Antihistamines (antiallergic)

• Diazolin
• Diphenhydramine

• 2-3 tablets for adults.
• For children from 1 month to 14 months, ¼ tablet 2-3 times a day
• For children 1 year to 6 years 1/3 tablet 2-3 times a day
• For children 7-14 years old ½ tablet 2-3 times a day

Antifungal drugs

• Nystatin
• Levorin

Immunity Boosters

• Antifungal
• Antivirus
• Antibacterial

Antiseptic solutions

• Furacillin solution Available in tablets of 0.02 g, 10 pieces.

• A weak solution of potassium permanganate.

A 0.1% solution is used.
- Take 1 gram of powder and pour 1 liter of water at a temperature of 37 degrees. Then stir well and rinse through a thick layer of gauze. The solution should have a faint purple tint. It is necessary to ensure that the solution does not contain crystals.
- The throat is washed several times a day

• Sprays are used (Tantum verde, Cameton), which possess locally
• painkillers
• antiseptic
• anti-inflammatory effect

Tonsillectomy - removal of tonsils, when is surgery necessary?

• Frequent repeated exacerbations of sore throat (at least 3 times a year)
• Lack of effect from conservative treatment (medicines)
• Chronic tonsillitis, complicated by the spread of infection to nearby areas

• Heart defects of 2-3 degrees of severity
• Hemophilia - a bleeding disorder
• Severe diabetes mellitus

Prevention of sore throat

• Hypothermia should be avoided. As a result of local cooling of the oral cavity, a layer of mucus forms on the surface of the tonsils, which promotes the proliferation of bacterial agents (streptococci, staphylococci and others). Also, under the influence of cold, the blood supply to the mucous membrane decreases due to vasoconstriction, which contributes to the process of sore throat. Thus, it is necessary to limit the consumption of cold drinks and ice cream, especially when the body is heated. It is also necessary to avoid cold rooms, swimming in cold bodies of water, and dress appropriately for the weather conditions.
• Temper the body. To gradually accustom the body to temperature changes, it is necessary to take contrasting souls. At the same time, reduce the water temperature gradually so that it is slightly cool. Systematic exercise and morning exercises also contribute to hardening the body. Exercises may include running, swimming and others.
• Dental control. It is necessary to monitor the condition of your teeth. Dental caries is a breeding ground for pathogenic pathogens of sore throat. Therefore, independent control over dental condition is required. To remove food debris and bacteria from the mouth, you should rinse your mouth with warm water, or furacillin solutions and other antiseptics, for those at risk recurrent sore throat.
• Control by an otorhinolaryngologist. Nasal breathing affects the condition of the palatine tonsils. Therefore, curvature of the nasal septum and other damage, disrupting normal breathing, contribute to the development of sore throat. Also, patients who often suffer from rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa) are at risk. In such cases, an examination by a doctor (otorhinolaryngologist) should be performed at least 2-3 times a year.
• Balanced diet, including a variety of fruits and vegetables. It is necessary to eat food that does not irritate the oral mucosa. This diet includes soups, cereals, boiled meat, and the exclusion of spicy and salty foods.

• Using separate utensils for patients
• Periodic ventilation of premises
• Wearing a medical mask

How does angina occur in children?

Manifestations of acute sore throat in children
Acute tonsillitis occurs with pronounced symptoms and is characterized by rapid development. Most often, no more than a day passes from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first symptoms. Against the background of infection, children develop intoxication of the body, which is accompanied by deterioration or lack of appetite, apathy, discomfort in abdominal cavity. Patients experience severe headaches that can radiate to the ears. With viral tonsillitis, the symptoms, in most cases, are milder than with bacterial tonsillitis.

Other signs of acute tonsillitis are:

• unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• coating on the tongue;
• hoarse or missing voice;
• sore throat;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• the presence of pus on the tonsils;

Manifestations of chronic sore throat in children
During remission, chronic tonsillitis is manifested by periods of weakness, bad breath, often developing colds. The tonsils in children with chronic tonsillitis look swollen and their tissues are loose. In some forms of the disease, the lacunae of the tonsils are filled with plugs of secretion, which has an unpleasant odor. Exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis occurs in a milder form, and the child’s condition may improve after a few days. In some cases, relief occurs even without treatment.

Signs of relapse of chronic tonsillitis in children are:

• increased body temperature;
• feeling of discomfort in the throat;
• general deterioration of health;
• the formation of white plaque on the tonsils.

How does viral tonsillitis proceed?

The causes of viral sore throat are:

• herpes viruses;
• adenoviruses;
• rhinoviruses;
• coronaviruses;
• syncytial virus.

Therefore, despite the fact that the child will have inflamed tonsils, he will complain of abdominal pain. Also, the first symptoms to appear are nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Local symptoms, such as sore throat and cough, will appear later and fade into the background in intensity.

Abdominal symptoms of viral sore throat are:

• nausea, vomiting;
• stomach ache;
• refusal to eat;
• bowel disorder ( often in the form of diarrhea).

The syndrome of general intoxication with viral sore throat is determined by the following criteria:

• temperature;
• body aches;
• lethargy, weakness;
• cough;
• runny nose;
• conjunctivitis;
• Possible convulsions due to fever.

Local symptoms of viral sore throat are:

• a sore throat;
• redness and enlargement of the tonsils;
• formation of small pink bubbles on the tonsils;
• redness back wall throat.

If this is a secondary sore throat, that is, it occurs against the background of some viral disease, then the main symptoms are joined by the symptoms of the underlying disease. For example, with angina against the background of infectious mononucleosis, symptoms such as regional enlargement of lymph nodes and specific blood changes appear.

How does herpes sore throat occur?

Other manifestations of herpes sore throat are:

• damage to the mucous membrane in the mouth;
• body aches;
• a sore throat;
• runny nose;
• cough;
• headache;
• gastrointestinal disorder;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes.

A distinctive sign of herpes sore throat is changes in the structure of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. The mucous tissue first turns red, after which small papules, the diameter of which reaches 1–2 millimeters, form on it within 1–2 days. The neoplasms turn into purulent blisters, which burst after 3–4 days. In place of the burst bubbles, erosions form, surrounded by a red border and covered with a grayish-white coating.

The areas where bubbles form are:

• language;
• palatine arches;
• solid sky;
• soft sky;
• tonsils.

Painful sensations due to lesions of the mucous membrane are accompanied by a sore throat and cough. A runny nose may develop, which is accompanied by mucous-watery discharge, sometimes mixed with pus.
Herpes sore throat occurs with changes in the lymph nodes located in the mandibular and parotid zones. Palpation reveals an increase in size and tenderness of the lymph nodes. With timely and correct treatment, the symptoms of herpes sore throat begin to subside on the 7th to 12th day.

How to treat simple sore throat?

The principles of treating angina are as follows:

• Etiotropic treatment– aimed at eliminating the source of infection. For this purpose, either antibacterial drugs, or funds with antiviral effect.
• Symptomatic treatment– aimed at eliminating symptoms. Antipyretics are prescribed to reduce the temperature.
• Local treatment – aimed at eliminating pathological plaque on the tonsils and restoring the normal flora of the tonsils.
• General restorative treatment– aimed at increasing the body’s resistance and preventing the development of complications.

Drugs used in the treatment of sore throat

How to treat chronic sore throat?

Conservative treatment
Conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis includes a large number of methods that can be used individually or in combination.

Types of treatment are:

• washing the tonsils;
• injections into the tonsils and surrounding tissues;
• physiotherapy;
• complex treatment.

Preparations for washing can be:

• furatsilin;
• boric acid;
• iodinol;
• sodium albucid in solution;
• penicillin solution.

Injections into the tonsils and surrounding tissues
The introduction of drugs into the tonsils and adjacent tissues makes it possible to act directly on the sites of infection. As a result of this treatment, inflammatory processes are stopped, and the tonsils are reduced in size. Most often, not one, but several drugs are used, among which one is an antibiotic and the other is an anesthetic. The medication can be administered using a needle or a special nozzle with a large number of small needles. When choosing this type of therapy big influence has a condition of affected tissues, since due to injections the possibility of developing abscesses in the tonsil area increases.

Physiotherapy
Physiotherapeutic treatment methods involve the impact of various physical and chemical factors on the affected tonsils.

Physiotherapy methods are:

• ultraviolet irradiation;
• inhalation therapy;
• ultrasound therapy.

Complex treatment
Complex treatment is carried out using special medical equipment (most often using a tonsil machine) and a number of medications.

The stages of complex treatment are:

• washing– the doctor uses a specialized nozzle and antiseptic to rinse the tonsils;
• ultrasonic irrigation– the medicinal solution is broken up by ultrasound into a finely dispersed suspension, which is applied to the affected areas;
• tonsil treatment– carried out using drugs that contain iodine;
• laser exposure– aimed at reducing swelling of mucous tissues;
• wave action– allows you to improve tissue nutrition and oxygen supply;
• ultraviolet irradiation– carried out to suppress pathogenic microflora located on the tonsils.

Surgery
Surgical treatment is prescribed in cases where other methods of therapy have not brought effective results. Surgical treatment involves removal of the tonsils and can only be performed during a period of stable remission. Surgery to remove the tonsils is called a tonsillectomy and may involve a complete or partial removal. For surgical intervention, strong indications are required.

Indications for tonsil removal are:

• recurring abscesses ( purulent inflammation);
• endocarditis ( inflammation of the lining of the heart);
• glomerulonephritis ( inflammatory process in the kidneys).

How to treat a sore throat at home?

Treatment for angina is as follows:

• taking self-help measures before the doctor arrives;
• compliance with the instructions given by the physician;
• fight against intoxication ( poisoning of the body);
• providing a special diet;
• organization of certain living conditions.

Taking self-help measures before the doctor arrives
If your health worsens due to angina, the patient must be provided with bed rest. You should not fight fever on your own, because this creates favorable conditions for the development of infection. You can alleviate the patient's condition with cool compresses or wiping the body with cool water. It is not recommended to use alcohol-containing liquids for wiping. Alcohol vapors entering the body can cause nausea, headache, and fainting. Teas made from linden or raspberries will help improve your well-being at high temperatures.
To reduce a sore throat, you need to gargle every 3 to 4 hours.

Among the rinsing solutions are:

• herbal decoction ( chamomile, sage) – use 2 – 3 tablespoons of dry herbs per glass of water;
• beet juice with vinegar– add 20 milliliters of apple cider vinegar to a glass of freshly squeezed juice;
• solution of soda and salt– 1 teaspoon baking soda and table salt mixed with a glass of water.

Fighting intoxication
Poisoning the body during a sore throat provokes headaches, weakness and other symptoms of the disease. Drinking plenty of fluids will help remove toxins, the optimal volume of which is determined according to the patient’s body weight. Drinking enough fluids is also necessary for recovery water balance, which is disturbed by sore throat due to increased sweating.
To calculate the daily requirement, you need to multiply your body weight in kilograms by 30 ( milliliters of liquid) and add 500 ( milliliters). So, for a patient weighing 60 kilograms, the recommended volume of fluid is 2300 milliliters. Preparing and drinking drinks during a sore throat follows a number of rules.

The rules for maintaining drinking regime are:

• the drinking temperature should be moderate; hot or cold liquid can worsen the patient’s condition;
• adding vitamin-containing ingredients to drinks will help speed up the healing process;
• it is necessary to ensure that juices and teas are not too acidic, as this can cause irritation of the mucous membranes;
• if the drink has a pronounced taste, it should be diluted with water;
• You should avoid drinking industrially produced juices, as they contain a large amount of flavor enhancers and other chemical components.

• Tea with lemon;
• milk with honey;
• Herb tea;
• dried fruits compote;
• rosehip decoction.

• porridge ( oatmeal, buckwheat, rice);
• broth ( vegetable, meat, fish);
• dairy products ( kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese);
• puree ( potato, zucchini, pumpkin).

How to gargle for a sore throat?

For gargling you can use:

• antimicrobial and antiseptics;
• herbal pharmaceutical preparations;
• folk remedies.

Antimicrobial and antiseptic gargles for sore throat

Herbal pharmaceutical preparations
Such products contain extracts of medicinal plants. To save healing properties components of the drug, they should be mixed with water at room temperature.

Pharmaceutical preparations based on herbs for gargling with sore throat

Folk remedies for gargling with sore throat

What folk remedies exist for the treatment of sore throat?

Groups of traditional medicines used to treat sore throat are:

• antipyretics;
• restorative drugs;
• rinsing agents.

The following plants have an antipyretic effect:

• chamomile;
• cranberry;
• raspberries;
• rose hip;
• Linden.

Cranberry
Cranberries not only help fight fever, but also have an antiseptic effect, inhibiting the activity of harmful microorganisms. Also, cranberry preparations enhance immune functions and improve the general condition of the body. To prepare a cranberry drink, crush 150 grams of berries and squeeze the juice out of them using a gauze cloth. Cake ( leftover berries) pour in a liter of water and bring to a boil over heat. Combine the resulting broth with cranberry juice and honey.
Cranberry is not recommended for those patients who suffer from liver disease or increased acidity gastric juice. You should drink cranberry drinks after meals, and after drinking you should rinse your mouth with water.

Raspberries
Raspberry drinks are used as a means to reduce the temperature and level of intoxication of the patient. This plant also has an analgesic effect. Raspberry jam can be added to tea 1 - 2 teaspoons, and juice can be prepared from fresh berries. For juice, you need to grind 150 - 200 grams of berries with sugar or honey and dilute the resulting pulp with 2 cups of boiling water. You can also prepare a medicine against sore throat from raspberry leaves. To do this, fresh leaves in the amount of 100 grams should be poured with hot water and steamed for 10 - 15 minutes. You need to drink the decoction throughout the day.
, heart failure . People who suffer from ulcers or gastritis should also refrain from drinking rosehip drink. The acids contained in rose hips can damage tooth enamel. Therefore, after consuming it, you should rinse your mouth with water.

Linden
Linden has an antipyretic, diaphoretic and expectorant effect. Linden contains a large amount of vitamin A and C, which allow you to better cope with sore throat. To make linden tea, brew a tablespoon of inflorescences with a glass of boiling water. Linden drinks put stress on the heart, so people with heart disease should limit themselves to one cup of linden tea per day.

General restorative drugs
The composition of such products includes plants that contain large amounts of vitamins, organic acids, and microelements. These substances strengthen the body's defenses, allowing it to fight sore throat.

Recipes for strengthening the body are (one part of the raw material is equal to a tablespoon, part of water is equal to one glass):

• Rowan tea. Pour 1 part of dry berries with 1 part of boiling water and leave to steep for several hours. Take one third of a glass three times a day.
• Radish with honey. You should take a black radish, cut off the top and pour honey into the resulting hole. Leave overnight, then take one teaspoon of honey infused in the radish. In the evening, repeat the procedure with honey and radish.
• Propolis. Propolis should be cut into small fractions and sucked after eating. You can also put a piece of propolis behind your cheek or under your tongue before going to bed.
• Fig decoction. Cut the dry berries into small pieces, then add 1 part of the raw material to 2 parts of water. Leave on fire for about 5 minutes, then divide the entire volume into several parts and drink throughout the day.
• Aloe with honey. 1 part aloe pulp must be mixed with 3 parts honey. Take the mixture one teaspoon after meals.
• Apple with onion. You should take an apple and a medium-sized onion and grate them or grind them in a blender. Add 2 parts honey to the apple and onion pulp. Take the product 3-4 times a day, one teaspoon.

Rinse aids are (one part of the raw material is equal to a tablespoon, part of water is equal to one glass):

• Beetroot juice. Grate the beets, squeeze out the juice and gargle with it. Using the same analogy, you can prepare carrot juice, either used alone or diluted with beet juice.
• Cranberry juice. Crush 3 parts fresh or thawed berries, mix with 1 part water. Add honey and carry out procedures, after which the mouth should be rinsed with water.
• Garlic infusion. Dilute 1 part chopped garlic with 1 part warm water. Leave for 5 – 10 minutes, strain and use for rinsing.
• Pine decoction. Spruce needles ( 100g) should be finely chopped, pour 2 parts water and keep on fire, avoiding strong boiling, for 20 minutes.

How long does it take to treat a sore throat?

As for the treatment of chronic forms of angina, their duration increases. Courses of conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis are carried out twice a year. This can be washing the tonsils, inhalation, irrigating the throat with antiseptics and other methods. All these methods work gradually, slowly increasing resistance ( resistance) organism. If relapses ( repeated exacerbations) chronic tonsillitis is very frequent, then courses of treatment are carried out four times a year. Each course lasts from 10 to 14 days.

Another parameter that determines the duration of treatment is temperature. As a rule, sore throat is accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Maximum temperature rises ( 39 degrees) are observed with purulent, bilateral sore throats. Most often, the temperature rises to 38 degrees and lasts 3 to 5 days. This temperature is typical for viral, fungal and unilateral bacterial tonsillitis. Antibacterial treatment should be continued for several more days after the temperature normalizes. It happens that the patient subjectively feels better, but the temperature continues to persist. This may indicate either the development of complications or the persistence of an infectious focus. In this case, the doctor may change the antibiotic, and treatment will continue until the temperature stabilizes. After the thermometer shows 36.6 degrees, it is necessary to continue antibiotic therapy for another 3 to 5 days. If treatment is interrupted at this point, the infection may reactivate after a few days ( resume again).

There are cases when no increase in temperature is observed, or a slight increase is observed. For people with weakened immune systems ( for example, those suffering from immunodeficiency (HIV)), as well as for older people, erased forms of sore throat with mild subfebrile symptoms are typical. In such cases, the temperature ranges from 37 to 37.2 degrees, and sometimes it even remains within normal limits ( 36.6 degrees). In this case, the doctor is guided by the parameters of laboratory tests. If leukocytosis characteristic of angina ( increase in the level of blood leukocytes above 9x 10 9) disappears, which means that antibiotics can be discontinued, and treatment moves to the stage of restorative procedures.

What antibiotics are used in the treatment of sore throat?

Groups of antibiotics used in the treatment of sore throat

The antibiotic therapy algorithm for angina is as follows:

• If there is extensive inflammation of the tonsils ( the doctor sees multiple purulent plaques), then treatment begins immediately with cephalosporins. It is preferable to start with representatives of the third generation.
• If a culture has been previously done and the exact pathogen has been identified, then a strictly specific antibiotic is selected. For example, if gram-positive flora has been identified, penicillin is prescribed.
• Antibiotic therapy is necessarily accompanied by the prescription of antifungal drugs. This is done in order to avoid candidiasis.
• In case of moderate and severe forms of sore throat, antibiotics are prescribed by injection.

What does a throat look like with a sore throat?

Characteristics of the throat in various forms of sore throat

What complications can a sore throat cause?

Local complications of angina are:

• peritonsillar abscess or cellulitis;
• swelling of the larynx;
• purulent lymphadenitis;
• otitis.

Laryngeal edema
Laryngeal edema is extremely dangerous condition, which can lead to death. The larynx is not only an organ of speech production, but also a part respiratory system. Through her from external environment air enters the bronchi and lungs. Therefore, if the larynx swells, difficulty breathing occurs. Patients attempt to cough, but this does not bring results. As the larynx swells, breathing becomes more difficult, and oxygen deficiency occurs.

Purulent lymphadenitis
Purulent lymphadenitis is purulent inflammation of the lymph nodes. Develops due to the spread of pathogenic microorganisms from the tonsils to the lymph nodes. In this case, the lymph nodes become enlarged, tense and painful. The surrounding tissues also become tense and adherent to the lymph nodes. If the process is two-way ( that is, the lymph nodes of the right and left sides are affected), then the entire neck increases in volume. It becomes difficult for the patient to turn his head or make any movements. Due to compression lymphatic vessels the outflow of lymph is disrupted, as a result of which the tissues swell even more. In addition to the lymphatic vessels, they are compressed and blood vessels. As a result, the blood does not circulate, but stagnates ( venous stasis), giving the neck a purple tint.

Otitis
Otitis is called acute inflammation of the middle ear. Due to the close proximity of the mouth and ear, otitis media is one of the most frequent complications tonsillitis. Through the Eustachian tube ( which connects the oropharynx and the ear cavity) bacteria easily penetrate from the tonsils into the middle ear. The first symptom of otitis media is moderate hearing loss. Hearing loss is followed by pain.

Common complications of tonsillitis are:

• glomerulonephritis.

Myocarditis
Myocarditis is called inflammatory lesion heart muscle. This complication can develop both during the sore throat itself and after it. In the first case, the cause of myocarditis is specific damage to the muscle by the pathogenic microorganisms that caused the sore throat. Most often, myocarditis develops with viral tonsillitis, because viruses have the greatest affinity for heart tissue. Since viral sore throats most often occur in children, viral myocarditis is usually observed in children and adolescents. Since myocarditis affects the muscle fibers themselves, the heart, being a muscular organ, becomes weak and ceases to perform its functions. The main symptoms of myocarditis are weakness, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, heart rhythm disturbances.

Myocarditis can also be of an autoimmune nature. Such myocarditis develops a couple of weeks after suffering from a sore throat. The mechanism of development of this myocarditis is similar to rheumatism. Immune complexes settle on the heart muscle, triggering a cascade of inflammatory reactions.

Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is a bilateral kidney disorder. The cause of the development of this complication is an autoimmune process that develops in response to the penetration of streptococcus into the body. As with rheumatism, in response to this the body produces antibodies, which specifically bind to antigens and form immune complexes. These complexes initially circulate in the blood. If rheumatic tests are done at this moment, they will reveal the presence of specific antibodies. The best known is the anti-streptococcal streptolysin antibody, abbreviated as ASLO.

These complexes then settle on the glomerular vessels of the kidneys. An inflammatory process develops, which gradually ( within 10 – 15 years) leads to kidney failure. Glomerulonephritis is difficult to treat, so its development should be feared in the first place. Symptoms of glomerulonephritis are high blood pressure, swelling, and blood in the urine.