Pros and cons of an intrauterine device for pregnancy. What is an intrauterine device and how does it protect women from pregnancy, types, indications for use and contraindications

Often, from the conversations of friends or in queues at the antenatal clinic, you can hear stories about intrauterine devices, various reviews their impressions of this contraceptive. But what is it and what does it do? Won't this affect hormonal background women, her possibility of someday becoming a mother and, of course, will she be able to protect her from certain diseases? Is this method reliable for preventing unwanted pregnancy and are there any differences between them?

Let's try to understand these issues, look at 6 popular intrauterine devices and find out what the differences between them are. Which spiral to choose?

What is an IUD (intrauterine device)?

- this is one of the effective means contraception, which is often used by women who have given birth, most often having a permanent partner and who are currently not ready for motherhood again.

Like any other type of contraception, spirals vary in their composition, type, period of use and other parameters.

Classification

There are 2 groups of spirals:

• hormonal;
• non-hormonal.

Both perform the same task - protection from unwanted pregnancy. But some of them have additional properties. For example, they are often used in gynecological practice as a way to treat certain diseases, and non-hormonal IUDs with the addition of silver or gold have a bactericidal effect and protect the female reproductive system from unwanted infections.

There are 3 generations of spirals:

1st generation

• An IUD without any metal or hormone, consisting only of medical grade plastic.
• Their contraceptive effect is achieved only through the mechanical impossibility of attaching the fertilized egg to the endometrium.
• Often cause complications (infectious diseases, ectopic pregnancy and prolapse of the IUD - expulsion).

1st generation IUDs are no longer used because more reliable and effective IUDs exist.

2nd generation

• IUDs containing metal. That is, these are spirals that also consist of medical plastic, but have a contraceptive effect due to additional components - copper, silver, gold.
• Metals act not only on female body, but also on male factor– spermatozoa, and thereby reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancy.

3rd generation

• Hormonal IUDs, which at this stage are used as therapeutic and contraceptive agents.

Intrauterine devices have different shapes:

• T-shaped;
• round or semicircular;
• in the form of an umbrella;
• horseshoe-shaped (semi-oval).

Each spiral has its own advantages and disadvantages and is selected individually depending on the characteristics of a particular woman’s body.

All IUDs have the same operating principle – protection against unwanted pregnancy.

So, how does the IUD help prevent conception?

All spirals consist of medical plastic, which rarely causes allergic reaction among women. But such cases do occur. For this reason, you need to carefully monitor your sensations and monitor the body’s reaction after installing the spiral.

In addition to medical plastic, modern spirals include:

• metals (silver, copper, gold);
• hormones.

Hormonal IUD

This type of IUD releases a certain amount of a hormone that affects not only the female body, but also reduces the activity of sperm. The spiral does not affect male potency and on man's health! Only on sperm that have already entered the woman’s reproductive tract. The only noticeable disadvantage that intrauterine devices can bring to a man is the feeling of the antennae of the device during sexual intercourse. This issue can be easily resolved: you need to come to see a doctor, and the gynecologist will simply shorten the interfering tendrils of the spiral.

The hormone in the spiral affects the maturation and release of eggs by a woman’s ovaries and does not have a destructive effect on the hormonal balance as a whole.

The very presence of the IUD in the uterus prevents the attachment of the fertilized egg and, accordingly, pregnancy does not occur. This is a mechanical factor in preventing pregnancy. The spiral also causes local reaction, which has a detrimental effect on sperm, inhibiting and destroying them.

Hormonal IUDs affect many women's diseases(, etc.) and are recommended for use by gynecologists for the treatment of the latter.

Non-hormonal IUD

As for IUDs containing metals, such designs, in addition to the mechanical factor of pregnancy protection inherent in all spirals, have a detrimental effect on the male factor. For example:

• Copper, oxidizing the environment, inhibits the movement of sperm that enter the uterine cavity and damages them.
• Silver and gold increase the shelf life of spirals and have a beneficial effect on local immunity, protecting a woman from inflammatory diseases pelvic organs.

All types of spirals have a stimulating effect on the fallopian tubes and enhance their peristalsis. While the fertilized egg is rapidly moving into the uterine cavity, the endometrium does not have time to prepare to accept a new life, and as a result, the embryo ends up in unfavorable environment, not suitable for further development.

To summarize, we can identify the links of fertilization that are influenced by any spiral:

• On the male factor (inhibitory and spermicidal effect).
• For the maturation and release of the egg from the ovaries.
• For the delivery of the egg and fertilized egg through the fallopian tubes.
• Attaching the fertilized egg to the endometrium.
• A local reaction that causes the release of enzymes that are harmful to sperm.

Who can get an intrauterine device?

• The desire of the woman herself at this stage of life not to become a mother (provided that there is already a history of childbirth).
• Frequent pregnancies with other types of contraception (if they are used incorrectly or are not taken carefully).
• Protection against unwanted pregnancy during lactation (breastfeeding).
• In order to save money. IUDs are placed for several years, which allows a woman not to worry about other types of contraception ( oral contraceptives, condoms).

Important! IUDs do not protect against STIs (sexually transmitted infections)! It is recommended to use a contraceptive if you have a regular sexual partner (low risk of transmitting sexually transmitted diseases). It should also be mentioned that IUDs are used in women who have given birth and are not recommended for contraception in young nulliparous girls.

Method of setting up a spiral

The spiral is installed both during menstruation and immediately in the first days after it, since at this time it is possible to more likely. In addition, the cervix is ​​slightly open during this period, which makes it easier for the device to enter the uterine cavity and cause minimal discomfort to the woman.

Before installing the spiral, the doctor conducts tests for the presence of inflammatory diseases and, if necessary, prescribes anti-inflammatory therapy. This reduces the risk of complications and the IUD falling out in the future. The process itself takes place only in a gynecologist’s office, under aseptic conditions.

If a woman decides, she should wait some time (about 6 weeks) for the uterus to return to its previous state. The fact is that during pregnancy the uterus overstretches, and after childbirth it gradually returns to its previous size. This process is called uterine involution. In order to avoid complications after installing the IUD, gynecologists recommend waiting until the end of involution.

It is not recommended to place an intrauterine device immediately after an abortion. The patient should be monitored for complications and various inflammatory diseases that could provoke an abortion. As soon as the obstetrician-gynecologist is convinced that the woman is completely healthy, the IUD can be placed in the uterine cavity.

The instructions for some IUDs contain instructions about inserting a contraceptive immediately after an abortion. This issue should be resolved individually with an experienced doctor and follow his advice in this matter.

Review of intrauterine devices: the most popular means

There are a huge number of intrauterine contraceptive devices on the market, which have different shapes, compositions, terms of use and, of course, price ranges. They all have their advantages and disadvantages.

So, let's look at the most commonly used and popular spirals:

Spiral Multiload (Multiload CU-375)

This is a copper wire spiral that has a T-shape. It is not hormonal. The metal affects spermatozoa, causing their death and the impossibility of further fertilization.

The shelf life of the spiral is 4 years. After this period, the spiral must not be used under any circumstances!

Rod length – 35 mm. This is a standard length; the spiral has no other variations in size. It is suitable for women whose uterine cavity, after measuring the size of the uterus with a probe, is between 6 and 9 cm long.

Among the features of the spiral, it should be noted that its use is prohibited in the following situations:

• if you have an existing allergy to copper;
• in the first 3 months after an abortion;
• during the period of breastfeeding.

If a woman long time takes immunosuppressants to treat another pathology - the IUD is not suitable, and another method of contraception should be selected.

It should be noted that the presence of copper in the contraceptive will not affect total copper in the body.

The price range is around 2.5-3 thousand rubles.

Spiral Copper (Copper TCu 380A)

Just like the previous spiral, it contains copper. Spiral dimensions – vertical – 36 mm, horizontal – 32 mm. A feature of this spiral is a greater release of copper into the uterine cavity, which causes a stronger local reaction.

Duration of use – 5-6 years.

Another tip: After installation, you should lie on the couch in the doctor's office. IN in rare cases after insertion of the IUD, a decrease in pulse rate and clouding of consciousness are observed.

All other properties are the same as those of the Multiload spiral.

The price fluctuates around 2 thousand rubles

Spiral Goldlily

It contains both copper and one of noble metals- gold. Gold covers the copper surface, protecting it from early oxidation and corrosion. By creating a potential difference, additional protection against unwanted pregnancy is created. Gold has a powerful bactericidal effect and prevents the occurrence of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.

Another advantage of the contraceptive is the availability of several sizes. Every woman will be able to choose exactly the option that she needs.

The period of use is 7 years.

A significant disadvantage is the price. Due to the presence of gold, the cost of an intrauterine contraceptive is about 4-5 thousand rubles.

Spiral Juno Bio-T with Silver (Ag)

Another spiral in the line modern means contraception. The instructions offer the following indications for the use of the spiral (except for the woman’s desire):

• Treatment and prevention of Asherman's syndrome (formation of adhesions in the uterine cavity).
• For post-coital protection (can be administered within 3-4 days after unprotected intercourse).

It contains copper and silver, which increases the service life up to 7 years. Silver prevents early and rapid oxidation of copper, which gives the spiral a longer-term effect.

Another useful quality silver – bactericidal effect. Juno protects the woman’s body from inflammatory diseases and other infectious complications associated with the presence of the spiral in the uterine cavity.

Juno works on the same principle as other spirals, influencing all links in the chain to prevent unwanted pregnancy. The price of this product is also attractive - about 400-500 rubles.

Spiral Nova T

T-shaped coil containing copper and silver (copper wire with silver in the core). As in Juno, in the Nova T spiral, silver prevents early fragmentation of copper. But the difference is the period of use - Nova T should be changed every 5 years. No specific features were identified for other mechanisms of action.

The price is about 1500-2000 rubles.

Mirena spiral

One of the most common means intrauterine contraception is hormonal system. This product contains a synthetic gestagen - levonorgestrel. It is released per day in a certain required quantity, which is sufficient to perform two functions - contraceptive and therapeutic. That is why this spiral is often recommended for women with gynecological diseases(fibroids, endometriosis, etc.).

Mirena inhibits ovulation and prevents the formation of a fertilized egg, which increases its contraceptive effect. The Pearl index of the hormonal intrauterine system is 0.1-0.5, while for conventional IUDs it reaches 3.

Important aspects:

• The IUD does not affect hormonal levels.
• Not contraindicated in women with metal allergies.
• Approved for use during breastfeeding.
• It is a 3rd generation spiral.

The shelf life of Mirena is 5 years. Further use is not recommended due to the depletion of the hormone reserve in the spiral and the increased possibility of development infectious diseases pelvic organs.

U this tool contraception is high cost - about 10-12 thousand rubles.

Dear girls and women! Remember that for an accurate and correct selection of the spiral, you must consult a doctor, because every female body is unique and inimitable!

In contact with

Nowadays, it is not difficult to find an effective means of contraception. Married couple has the right to choose a method independently, taking into account all the pros and cons. It is very important to visit a doctor and consult on this issue. After all, the health of a woman who wants to become a mother or already has children primarily depends on this. One of the most popular methods is the intrauterine device. Let's look further at the pros and cons of the intrauterine device.

How does the IUD work?

The purpose of the IUD is to protect against unplanned pregnancy. The name suggests that it is inserted into the uterine cavity, and it was obtained due to the previous appearance of the product, as it looked like a spiral. Currently, the IUD is a T-shaped stick made of flexible inert plastic. This material is completely safe for women's health.

There are two types of spirals:

1. The upper part of the spiral is in the form of a thin copper wire.
2. The spiral contains a container with hormones that enter the uterus throughout its entire lifespan.

It has both the first and second types of pros and cons. The photo above shows what this type of contraception currently looks like.

The principle of operation of the spiral:

Who can install a spiral:

• A woman who has given birth and is over 35 years old.
• Women who have children after an abortion without complications.
• Without cervical pathologies.
• If you protect yourself with oral contraceptives, it is not recommended.
• Women who have low level sexually transmitted infections.

Contraindications to the IUD

Before using this method of contraception, it is necessary to consider all the pros and cons of the intrauterine device.

And also make sure that there are no following contraindications:

• There was no birth yet.
• Constant change of sexual partner.
• Cancers of the pelvic organs.
• The presence of injuries and stitches on the cervix.
• Ectopic pregnancy.
• Blood diseases. Anemia.
• Infertility.
• Vaginal infections.
• Availability inflammatory processes in the reproductive system.

How to prepare for installing a spiral

First of all, you need to select a suitable spiral and undergo an examination, which includes:

Next, the doctor must probe the uterine cavity and determine the distance between the uterine angles. And only after a thorough examination and the absence of contraindications is an intrauterine device installed. The pros and cons of BMC should already be considered by you.

Features of the first days with a spiral

It is worth noting that only a doctor can install and remove an intrauterine device. The following side effects may appear within a few days after installation of the IUD:

• Lower abdominal pain.
• Bloody discharge.

You should also avoid elevated physical activity. Must be adhered to proper nutrition, rest more, lie down.

Manifestation side effects can be observed for six months and eventually disappear altogether.

It is necessary to undergo regular medical examinations after having an IUD inserted. After installation, a month later, then after 3 months, then once every six months.

What are the advantages of the IUD?

If you have chosen a contraceptive method such as an intrauterine device, you need to know all the pros and cons.

Let's look at the positive aspects:

• It does not require special care. After installation, after a period of rehabilitation, it is practically not felt.
• Efficiency is 95-98%.
• Can be installed for several years.
• For many women, the menstrual cycle becomes shorter, and the periods themselves become almost painless.
• Has a positive healing effect for uterine fibroids and other gynecological pathologies.
• Can be used during breastfeeding.
• Does not affect reproductive function in the body.
• The effectiveness remains regardless of taking any medications.
• Economical and convenient. There is no need to follow a dosage schedule or spend money on regularly purchasing contraceptives.

What are the disadvantages of the IUD?

There are also negative sides IUD use:

• High risk ectopic pregnancy.
• There is no protection against sexually transmitted diseases.
• The risk of inflammatory diseases increases.
• Cannot be used by nulliparous women.
• Painful periods for the first six months.
• Large blood losses are possible.

We looked at the pros and cons of a contraceptive such as an intrauterine device. We will consider the consequences of BMC further.

What complications can there be when using an IUD?

The qualifications and experience of the doctor are of great importance, since correct installation or removal by an inexperienced specialist can lead to removal of the uterus. Knowing the pros and cons of the intrauterine device, you need to know what complications are possible when using it.

Possible complications when using an IUD:

• Perforation of the uterine walls.
• Cervical rupture.
• Bleeding after installation.
• The IUD can grow into the uterus.
• The antennae can irritate the walls of the cervix.
• The spiral may move or fall out if incorrectly selected and installed.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.

You need to urgently visit a specialist if:

• Appeared severe pain lower abdomen.
• There is a suspicion of pregnancy.
• The bleeding continues a long period time.
• There are signs of infection: elevated temperature body, unusual vaginal discharge.
• Pain or bleeding occurs during sexual intercourse.
• The IUD strings have become longer or shorter.

We looked at what an intrauterine device is, the pros and cons of this method of contraception, as well as possible complications. Next, consider patient reviews.

Despite the fact that today gynecologists can offer women many methods of contraception, the IUD (spiral) remains quite in demand, especially if a woman does not want to bother herself with taking pills every day or constantly spending on condoms. Let's try to figure out what are the advantages and disadvantages of this product?

What is an IUD (spiral)?

An IUD is an intrauterine device, which, accordingly, is installed inside the uterus. This device is made from various materials, but most often women are offered to insert a spiral made of plastic and copper. The main purpose of the IUD is to serve as a contraceptive, which is installed for a long period of time and is almost 99% effective.

It’s better when children become a planned joy, so even for married women, the issue of contraception always remains relevant. IUD coil in in this case seems to them a very convenient way, because sex life They are active, but at the same time they are burdened with other worries: so such methods of contraception as taking pills, calculating “safe” days, requiring strict discipline, are not suitable for them. At the same time, the IUD does not put a strain on the family budget like condoms or gels; it is installed for a period of 3 years and can be removed at any time if the owner so desires. If there were no complications while wearing the IUD, the reproductive function of the uterus is restored in about 3 months.

This “pleasure” will cost about $30. It all depends on the material and the clinic that the woman chooses. However, not every patient can have this device installed in the uterus, since such a contraceptive has many contraindications. It is necessary to consult with an experienced doctor who will not only be able to figure out whether his patient needs a spiral, but will also correctly install the device in the uterus.

The action of intrauterine devices

The IUD is a contraceptive that actually acts as an abortifacient.

The fact is that the IUD does not in any way prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity. Although the creators of the spirals claim that it prevents the advancement of male reproductive cells, this is not always the case. The main purpose of the spiral is to prevent the fixation of an already fertilized egg in the organ cavity.

This effect of the IUD is due to the fact that when inserted into the uterus, it causes inflammation of the epithelium. If the surface layer of the uterus is inflamed, then the fertilized egg cannot be enriched with the necessary qualities and attach to the wall of the uterus. As a result of this, the fertilized egg is forced to leave the uterine cavity along with menstruation.

If you call a spade a spade, the IUD constantly provokes miscarriages. That is why it cannot be guaranteed that after removing the IUD, a woman will be 100% able to become pregnant. Doctors do not hide the fact that a negative pregnancy outcome becomes a habit, and for some women the recovery period takes from six to twelve cycles. But under unfavorable circumstances, trying to get pregnant can take a long time. long years. Therefore, gynecologists recommend using the IUD for patients who have already fulfilled their maternal duty and no longer plan to have children.

History of the creation of the Navy

The IUD spiral celebrated its 100th anniversary back in 2009, since in 1909 the scientist Richter was the first to mention it in his works. Even then, the issues of contraception were very acute: a change in morals, a sexual revolution, a demarche of feminism. Relations between the opposite sex became freer, women began to be interested in many more things besides their family, and as a result, having seven or more children, even if the lady was legally married, was inconvenient.

Gynecologists took up the development various methods contraception and, as an option, the intrauterine device was born. True, in those days it was not a spiral that was inserted into the uterine cavity, but a ring tied in the center with many silk threads. In the 30s The Richetra ring was improved by the scientist Gräfenberg, who strengthened both the frame of the ring and the threads themselves with alloys of zinc and copper.

The spiral “boom” began a little later - in the 60s. Their installation was also practiced in the Soviet Union. There was even a type of spiral in the shape of the letter S, which was later abandoned due to many inconveniences associated with the introduction and wearing of such a product.

The contraceptive properties of copper became known only in the 70s. It was then that the first models of copper spirals appeared, which are still used today. A little later, silver was also added to copper, designed to increase the anti-sperm effect.

Types of IUD spirals

Who would have thought, but today there are about 100 types of IUDs known. Types of IUD spirals differ from each other not only in the material from which they are made, but also in size, rigidity, and shape.

We will not consider all varieties. Let's look at the most popular ones.

The IUD with hormonal content is shaped like the letter “T”. It has flexible hangers and is also equipped with a release ring. A special container is placed in the spiral rod, which contains hormonal medicine. Every day this medicine is released into the uterine cavity in a volume of 24 mcg and creates an additional protective barrier against sperm. Installed for 5 years. average price: seven thousand rubles.

The next common type of IUD is the silver coil. Reviews from women who have experienced the effects of silver spirals vary greatly. Doctors recommend silver spirals, claiming that they relieve inflammatory processes. An ordinary copper IUD does not have such properties and, moreover, quickly loses its contraceptive properties.

There is also a “Multiload” spiral, which has a semi-oval shape and, due to the protrusions, is well attached to the walls of the uterus. Such a spiral will never fall out spontaneously.

The Vector IUD is a fairly common product in pharmacies and clinics. "Vector-extra" is a company that produces spirals of any shape from any material. Most often, gynecologists recommend products from this manufacturer.

Indications for use

Before installing the IUD, the gynecologist must make sure that the woman does not have inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. A foreign body introduced into the uterus will only worsen the course of the disease. Therefore, the first indication for the use of the spiral should be good health, especially in gynecology.

The spiral becomes the only way out from the situation if the patient has a regular intimate relationship with a partner and at the same time suffers from an allergy to condoms. You can, of course, replace condoms with oral contraceptives, but this is not without contraindications. Sometimes an IUD is the last option that is more or less suitable for an individual woman.

A woman who is having an IUD installed must understand that this device does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases, so she should limit herself to one trusted partner.

The IUD does not take root well in nulliparous women. Most likely, the doctor will not risk installing an IUD in such a patient. But those ladies who have already given birth and no longer plan to have children may well give preference to the IUD and not worry about the consequences associated with the abortive effect of the contraceptive.

Contraindications

Any gynecological diseases are very significant contraindications to the installation of the IUD. Considering that the IUD additionally irritates the uterine mucosa, one should not hope that the introduction of a foreign substance into it body will pass without a trace.

Irregular uterine shape or other pathologies female organs they question the effectiveness of using the IUD, and if a woman suffers from uterine bleeding of unknown origin, then it is better to forget about the IUD forever.

There are also situations when the patient has had some venereal disease, but she successfully cured him. Before installing the IUD, you need to wait 12 months to make sure that no relapse is expected.

There are also relative contraindications, to which in some cases you can close your eyes. Such contraindications include ectopic pregnancy, which the patient had in the past, inflammatory diseases of gynecology associated with recent childbirth.

Who would have thought, but a contraindication to the installation of an IUD is heart disease and diabetes. In general, any diseases that have a bad effect on the immune system become a reason to think, because after the introduction of the IUD, a woman becomes vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases.

An incorrectly inserted IUD can provoke uterine bleeding. To prevent the matter from ending tragically, it is necessary to make sure that the patient who insists on inserting an IUD does not have problems with blood clotting.

Doctors openly say that the IUD does not have the best effect on the nature of menstruation. If a woman already suffers from painful periods, then the IUD is unlikely to make her feel better - on the contrary, it will only make it worse.

Preparing for the installation procedure

Even if a woman does not complain about her health, the attending physician must still play it safe and conduct a whole range of studies so as not to harm the patient’s health.

Of course, the first step is to collect an anamnesis from the woman herself: the doctor asks her about her well-being and state of health. Then you need to take standard blood and urine tests, but it is advisable to also check your blood for sugar and clotting.

Can't do without external examination genital organs and smear collection. If the patient has infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, then you should forget about installing the spiral. By at least, until the woman is completely cured.

You will also need an ultrasound of the uterus to assess its size, shape and general state. Only after all these procedures can you finally decide what kind of spiral a particular woman will need.

Installation procedure

The IUD is installed only in a medical office. It is advisable to take your time choosing a specialist who will install the spiral, and look for a professional person with extensive experience. Sometimes an IUD inserted incorrectly into the uterus ends in pregnancy, internal bleeding or just terrible discomfort. So this issue needs to be approached as seriously as possible.

Is it painful to have an IUD inserted? Everything again depends on the doctor who will do this, and on the woman’s pain threshold. Particularly sensitive people may feel discomfort and sometimes even faint, but most women tolerate the insertion of the IUD painlessly.

The procedure itself takes no more than two minutes. The IUD is inserted on a gynecological chair using special disposable devices, which are sold complete with a spiral.

The most favorable time for the procedure is the end of menstruation, that is, 5-7 days after their start. During this period, the cervical canal is open enough to install the IUD as painlessly as possible.

Before insertion of the IUD, the cervix is ​​treated with an antiseptic. Then the doctor visually assesses the depth and direction of the uterine canal and begins inserting the IUD. After the procedure, the spiral threads are cut off a little, leaving only small antennae - they will be needed when the IUD needs to be removed.

Side effects

What side effects can the IUD cause? Unfortunately, this list is long and often frightens women who are planning to install an IUD.

Firstly, it is important to monitor your feelings for 3 months after the installation procedure: the spiral may fall out and this should definitely be noticed until it causes damage to the uterine canal. If you get the dropped spiral in time, it will not cause harm.

What else should you expect if an IUD has been installed? Side effects in the form of painful and heavy periods in the first eight months is a common occurrence. But uterine bleeding can occur not only during menstruation, but also in the intervals between them. You should not wait long for the outcome of events; with such symptoms you should immediately consult a doctor.

Indications for removing the IUD are also vaginal itching, burning, painful sexual intercourse, and pain that suddenly occurs in the lower abdomen and lower back. All these symptoms may be accompanied by chills, fever and a feeling of malaise.

The installation of the spiral should be abandoned at the insertion stage if difficulties arise and the process is too painful.

The most dangerous thing that can happen when inserting or removing an IUD is a puncture of the uterus. It is difficult not to notice the puncture, so the patient receives immediate emergency care.

In addition, the spiral often causes the formation of fibroids, and in rare cases, perforation of the uterus.

Do IUDs make you fat? A spiral made of gold or copper does not affect a woman’s weight in any way. However, if a hormonal IUD is installed, then anything can happen.

IUD spiral: reviews

Manufacturers of IUDs claim that it is almost impossible to get pregnant with it, but reviews on forums tell a different story. It was a big shock for one girl when, after installing the Vector IUD, she suddenly discovered she was pregnant, and even 5 weeks pregnant. The embryo grew to a certain size and, displaced by the spiral, left the uterus. But a miscarriage in the fifth week does not go away completely without a trace. The girl was “cleaned”, then transferred to hormonal agents and for 2 years they were forbidden to become pregnant. And this is not an isolated case.

A common complaint is problems with menstruation: in some patients they become too heavy, and in others they disappear altogether. Feelings of discomfort in the lower abdomen are also not uncommon.

There have been cases when, due to the installation of spirals, problems developed additional diseases female organs, fibroids formed, and the appendages became inflamed. There are also complaints that discomfort is felt during sexual intercourse if the partner goes too “deep”, but this isolated cases. Uterine bleeding is also rare, but does occur.

So it turns out that women constantly discuss the IUD among themselves, look at photos on the Internet and for a long time do not dare to get this device, because in fact, the patients for whom wearing the IUD passed without a trace can be counted on one hand. Good feedback, undoubtedly, there are, but there are too few of them against the backdrop of the general chorus of complaints and disappointment.

IUD spiral: which is better?

In any case, a woman cannot decide on her own which spiral is needed. As mentioned above, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations to make sure that the installation of an IUD would be appropriate at all.

Let’s say that the tests turned out to be favorable, the woman has already given birth at least once, and the gynecologist agreed to put her on an IUD. As a rule, doctors offer several options for spirals so that the patient can choose one that is convenient for her. For example, should I install a copper or silver IUD? How to choose?

A copper spiral will cost less, but its lifespan efficient work limited because copper corrodes quickly. A silver spiral will cost more, but will last longer and, according to manufacturers, will help reduce inflammatory processes in the uterus. The golden spiral is not much different from the silver one in terms of medicinal and contraceptive properties, but it is one of the most expensive IUDs due to the high cost of the noble metal.

If you ask what shape an IUD spiral is, the photos will show that in addition to the T-shaped shape, they also produce semi-oval, spiked, etc. The T-shaped shape is more organic for the organ, but if there is a bend of the uterus or what -or others physiological characteristics, then this issue is resolved in tandem with the doctor.

Thus, the IUD is a means of contraception that raises many questions and concerns, but in some cases, when pregnancy is no longer planned, when an alternative is difficult to find, the spiral turns into a “lifesaver.” In such a combination of circumstances, you can take a risk and, if the IUD does not take root, remove it at any time.

There are more than 50 types of IUDs. Most best option intrauterine contraceptive device selected by the doctor after conducting a thorough gynecological examination and the patient undergoing the appropriate examination. The choice of an IUD for each woman is determined individually, taking into account the characteristics and condition of her body.

There are three most common forms of intrauterine devices:

• In the form of a ring;
• T-shaped;
• S-shaped.

The insertion of an IUD (intrauterine device) is a surgical procedure that involves the installation of a contraceptive device into the uterine cavity in order to prevent pregnancy not only in women who have given birth, but also in women who have not given birth. The intrauterine device is one of the most effective means of contraception. The undeniable advantages of this contraceptive include a long period of validity (5-10 years) and high performance efficiency (80-95%). The intrauterine device can be removed at any time. Pregnancy after its removal is possible within a year.

Silver, copper or gold are used to make IUDs.

Contraindications for IUD insertion

Installation of an intrauterine contraceptive device is not carried out if the following are present: pathological changes and diseases:

• Inflammatory and infectious diseases pelvic organs in the acute stage;
• Venereal diseases;
• Uterine bleeding of unknown etiology;
• Exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
• Volumetric processes of the uterine cavity (fibroids), which can lead to uterine deformities;
• Pregnancy;
• Malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs;
• Allergic reaction to the material from which the spiral is made;
• Structural anomalies and anatomical and topographical malformations, in the presence of which it is impossible to ensure the correct placement of the IUD in the uterine cavity.

Preparation before inserting an intrauterine contraceptive device

Before inserting an IUD, the patient must consult a gynecologist and undergo gynecological examination, as well as submit the necessary lab tests. This will allow us to determine the patient’s health status and the presence of possible contraindications to the installation of an intrauterine contraceptive. A detailed examination of the uterine cavity makes it possible to study anatomical features organ and determine the depth to which the IUD will be installed.

Among the laboratory and clinical methods diagnostics that the patient must undergo include:

• Vaginal smear;
• Biochemical and general blood examination;
• Analysis for sexually transmitted pathologies;
• Cervical smear;
• Blood for HIV, RV, hepatitis, syphilis, blood type;
• General urine examination;
• Colposcopy;
• Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.

If there are no possible contraindications to the installation of an IUD, pregnancy must be excluded before the procedure. For this, the woman undergoes a special test.

The procedure for inserting a contraceptive IUD

IN modern medicine installation of three types of intrauterine contraceptives is provided:

• The Lipps loop is one of the less effective means of contraception and is rarely used;
• IUD with copper content is an improved and modified Lipps loop. This contraceptive device is more effective and easier to insert into the uterine cavity;
• The hormone-containing IUD is a modern development that increases protection against unwanted pregnancy and reduces the risk of inflammatory processes.

The introduction of one or another type of intrauterine device will depend not only on the patient’s condition and wishes, but also on his financial capabilities, since hormonal IUDs are more expensive than other, less effective contraceptives.

As a rule, the procedure for inserting an intrauterine device is carried out in last days menstruation cycle or after its end, since during this period the cervical canal is maximally open. However, enter intrauterine contraceptive Can be done on any day of the cycle. The procedure is performed in the clinic on an outpatient basis and does not require the patient to stay in a hospital. The IUD is installed without the use of anesthetics. The cervix is ​​treated with an anesthetic gel. This will block painful sensations and discomfort during manipulation.

The woman lies down on the gynecological chair, as during a standard examination by a doctor, placing her legs on the holders. Then the doctor inserts a dilator into the vagina and determines the location of the uterus, after which he treats the cervix and vagina antiseptic drugs. Using a holder, the doctor opens the cervix and, holding it in this position, inserts a special instrument that allows you to measure the depth of the organ. This is done in order to confirm the proportionality of the sizes of the IUD and uterus.

The spiral is placed in a special tube, which is inserted into the uterine cavity and pulled back slightly. This allows the spiral to take the appropriate shape inside the organ. The tube and holder are removed, but the “antennae” of the intrauterine contraceptive remains and should protrude slightly from the uterus. At the end of the procedure, the dilator is removed from the uterine cavity. To reduce discomfort and discomfort after inserting an intrauterine device, the doctor gives a painkiller injection. The IUD installation procedure lasts no more than 10 minutes.

Consequences after installation of an IUD

Often, after the introduction of an intrauterine contraceptive, pain may occur that resembles pain during menstruation. In the presence of discomfort lower abdomen, the patient should rest. This will allow the uterus to get used to the presence of a foreign body. The norm after installation of an IUD is the occurrence of vaginal discharge, provided they don't last very long. Bloody issues after the introduction of an intrauterine device, they may occur periodically during the first 4-6 months, but they do not pose a danger to the patient. If the discharge becomes profuse, you should consult a doctor. After insertion of the IUD, discharge may affect the nature and duration menstrual cycle, after 2-3 months the cycle should normalize.

Features of care after insertion of an intrauterine device

To provide normal recovery after insertion of the IUD and to reduce the risk of adverse complications, the patient should adhere to the following recommendations:

• Maintain long rest;
• Visit a gynecologist a month after installing a contraceptive in order to prevent its displacement;

Many women currently prefer this method of contraception, such as the introduction of an intrauterine device. And this is not surprising, the contraceptive effect of the IUD reaches 98%, it is practically not noticeable and in most cases is safe. But before you decide to install an IUD, you need to consult with a doctor who will not only recommend a certain type intrauterine device, but will also reveal possible contraindications for its introduction.

What is an intrauterine device?

Mechanism of action of the intrauterine device

After inserting the IUD into the uterine cavity, it immediately begins to “work”, that is, it prevents unwanted pregnancy. The contraceptive effect of the intrauterine device is based on several mechanisms of action:

• Abortive effect
  After the introduction of a foreign body (IUD) into the uterine cavity, the tone of its muscles increases, which prevents the implantation of a fertilized egg. In addition, the spiral enhances peristalsis fallopian tubes, as a result of which the fertilized egg enters the uterus ahead of time, when the endometrium is not yet ready to fix it in it. If implantation occurs, the pregnancy is terminated as an early miscarriage.
• Mechanism of aseptic inflammation
  After the IUD is installed, leukocytes begin to migrate into the uterine cavity, reacting to the spiral as if foreign body. Leukocyte infiltration The endometrium prevents the possibility of egg implantation. In addition, leukocytes, macrophages and histiocytes enhance the phagocytosis of sperm, and, consequently, the contraceptive effect of the IUD.
• Enzyme disorders
  The IUD changes the content of enzymes (enzymes) in the endometrium, creating unfavorable conditions for the survival of sperm and eggs.
• Action of prostaglandins
  After installation, IUDs begin to be intensively synthesized biologically active substances– prostaglandins, which influence many stages of reproduction (fertilization of an egg by a sperm, implantation of a blastocyst, etc.).
• Inhibition of ovulation
  The installed IUD affects the hypothalamic-pituitary system, complicating the production of gonadotropins and, accordingly, the formation of sex hormones, as a result of which ovulation is blocked.
• Obstruction of sperm migration into the cervical canal
  The “antennae” or ends of the spiral threads make it difficult for sperm to penetrate into the cervical canal. And in case of installation of the Mirena hormonal IUD (contains levonorgestrel), in cervical canal thickening of the cervical mucus occurs.

Examination and conditions for inserting an intrauterine device

Before inserting an IUD, a woman must undergo the necessary examination:

• a thorough history taking to identify possible contraindications;
• gynecological examination to determine the position and size of the uterus;
• bacterioscopic examination of discharge from the vagina, cervix and urethra;
• clinical blood and urine tests;
• blood tests for HIV infection and hepatitis B;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs to exclude inflammatory and space-occupying diseases of the uterus and appendages.

After the examination, the IUD is inserted on the 3rd – 4th day of the menstrual cycle. Firstly, during menstruation, the cervical canal opens slightly, which makes it easier to insert the intrauterine device. Secondly, menstrual blood serves as a shock absorber and reduces the risk of injury to the cervix and uterine walls. Thirdly, menstruation confirms the absence of pregnancy.

Contraindications for IUD insertion

It should be remembered that installing a spiral has a number of contraindications:

• the presence of chronic and acute inflammatory diseases of the genital organs;
• the presence of uterine tumors (fibroids, cancer) and endometriosis of the pelvic organs;
• cervical dysplasia of any degree;
• anemia of any origin;
• dysfunctional uterine bleeding;
• chronic endocrine diseases(diseases thyroid gland, );
• pregnancy;
• abnormalities in the structure of the uterus and its cervix (cicatricial deformity, ectropion).

Pros of the intrauterine device

The IUD has a number of advantages, which makes it this method popular contraception:

• reliable contraceptive effect (98%);
• duration of use (from 3 to 10 years);
• economic benefit;
• more effective than taking birth control pills, which suits absent-minded and forgetful women;
• Mirena hormonal device can be installed with therapeutic purpose with small uterine fibroids and 1 - 2 degrees of genital endometriosis;
• does not require daily monitoring;
• does not affect sexual intercourse;
• recovery reproductive function immediately after removal of the IUD;
• An ideal contraceptive option for young mothers.

Cons of the intrauterine device

Despite all the advantages, the intrauterine contraception method also has disadvantages. The following side effects are possible:

• intensification and/or prolongation of menstruation;
• pain during menstruation;
• intermenstrual bleeding;
• spontaneous expulsion (loss) of the IUD;
• perforation of the uterus during insertion of the IUD or while wearing it;
• requires one permanent partner;
• It is not advisable to insert an IUD into nulliparous women;
• increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy;
• risk of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
• requires monthly self-monitoring;
• reduces the fullness of the endometrium, which reduces the likelihood of pregnancy.