Sinus tachycardia causes, treatment. Sinus tachycardia of the heart: what is it, main symptoms and treatment

• What causes the disease?
• How to recognize sinus tachycardia?
• How to properly treat the disease?

Sinus tachycardia is a variety cardiovascular diseases, which is a response to a negative change in environmental conditions.

However, you should not hope that the symptoms will go away on their own. The disease must be cut at the root so that it does not cause complications on other life support systems.

What causes the disease?

Sinus tachycardia can develop not only in people with heart problems, but also in absolutely healthy people. There can be a great many reasons for this, but the most common ones are:

1. Abuse of harmful substances. These substances include alcohol, especially if taken uncontrollably over many years. In addition, sinus tachycardia can be caused by excess nicotine, which accumulates in the body of heavy smokers.
2. Congenital or acquired heart diseases. This may include congenital heart defects, ischemic disease, as well as myocarditis. Sinus tachycardia in this case is a consequence of improper or ineffective treatment.
3. Mental disorders, neuroses as the main symptoms of sinus tachycardia. Even minor stress causes much more harm to the human body than he might expect. Gradually deteriorating, the nervous system causes complications in the heart, which leads to the development of sinus tachycardia. It appears this disease not immediately, but only with prolonged exposure to stress on the body.
4. Side effects from medications. Most medications prescribed to a person can negatively affect the functioning of the heart and contribute to the development of sinus tachycardia. Among them are drugs containing hormones, diuretics, and powerful antidepressants. All these substances should be taken only under the supervision of a doctor, and in case of the first signs heart disease their use should be stopped immediately.
5. Hormonal disbalance. Sinus tachycardia can also develop due to changes in hormonal levels, there can be quite a lot of reasons for this. Among them are the development of infection, as well as changes in work thyroid gland, which is often associated with iodine deficiency.

These reasons are the basic ones that occur most often. In reality, there may be many more prerequisites for the development of the disease, but they can only be determined in a laboratory way, during a medical examination.

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How to recognize sinus tachycardia?

Sinus tachycardia, unlike many heart diseases, can for a long time don't show yourself. Over time, when clinical picture will worsen, the patient may begin to complain of rapid heartbeat, which occurs regardless of whether the person is exposed to physical activity or not. From time to time, it may appear in the area of ​​the heart stabbing pain and a feeling of heaviness that does not go away for several hours.

In the future, sinus tachycardia may cause more severe symptoms, among which are the following:

• severe dizziness;
• weakness;
• dyspnea;
• fast fatiguability;
• fainting;
• decrease in pressure.

Sinus tachycardia has quite controversial symptoms and may indicate a number of other health problems. In order to identify the disease in time, a person must undergo annual medical examination, as required by the healthcare system. However, the presence of tachycardia can be determined independently, even if there are no symptoms. For these purposes, you need to sit quietly in a comfortable environment and measure your pulse.

The optimal value is about 70 beats per minute. If this indicator exceeds 100, you can safely consult a doctor. But you shouldn’t make a diagnosis yourself, much less prescribe treatment for yourself. In some cases, the patient will require hospitalization, during which a whole range of procedures will be carried out, which are not possible to implement at home.

– a type of arrhythmia characterized by a heart rate of more than 90 beats per minute. Tachycardia is considered a normal variant when physical or emotional stress increases. Pathological tachycardia is a consequence of diseases of the cardiovascular or other systems. Manifested by a feeling of palpitations, pulsation of the vessels of the neck, anxiety, dizziness, fainting. May lead to the development of acute heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and cardiac arrest.

According to the source generating electrical impulses in the heart, tachycardia is distinguished:

• sinus - develops with an increase in the activity of the sinus (sinoatrial) node, which is the main source of electrical impulses that sets the normal heart rhythm;
• ectopic (paroxysmal) tachycardia, in which the rhythm generator is located outside the sinus node - in the atria (supraventricular) or ventricles (ventricular). Usually occurs in the form of attacks (paroxysms), which begin and stop suddenly, lasting from several minutes to several days, while the heart rate remains constantly high.

Sinus tachycardia is characterized by an increase in heart rate to 120–220 beats per minute, a gradual onset and a regular sinus heart rate.

Causes of sinus tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia occurs in different age groups, more often in healthy people, as well as among patients with heart and other diseases. The occurrence of sinus tachycardia is promoted by intracardial (cardiac) or extracardial (extracardiac) etiological factors.

Sinus tachycardia in patients with cardiovascular diseases is most often early symptom heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction. Intracardial causes of sinus tachycardia include: acute and congestive chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, severe angina, myocarditis of rheumatic, toxic-infectious and other origins, cardiomyopathy, cardiosclerosis, heart defects, bacterial endocarditis, exudative and adhesive pericarditis.

Physiological extracardiac causes of sinus tachycardia may include physical activity, emotional stress, congenital features. Neurogenic tachycardias make up the majority of extracardiac arrhythmias and are associated with primary dysfunction of the cerebral cortex and subcortical nodes, as well as disorders of the autonomic nervous system: neuroses, affective psychoses ( emotional tachycardia), neurocirculatory dystonia. People are most often susceptible to neurogenic tachycardia young with a labile nervous system.

Among other factors of extracardiac tachycardia there are endocrine disorders(thyrotoxicosis, increased production of adrenaline in pheochromocytoma), anemia, acute vascular insufficiency(shock, collapse, acute blood loss, fainting), hypoxemia, acute pain attacks (for example, with renal colic).

The appearance of tachycardia can be caused by fever that develops with various infectious and inflammatory diseases (pneumonia, tonsillitis, tuberculosis, sepsis, focal infection). An increase in body temperature by 1°C leads to an increase in heart rate, compared to normal, in a child by 10-15 beats per minute, and in an adult by 8-9 beats per minute.

Pharmacological (drug-induced) and toxic sinus tachycardia occurs when drugs and drugs affect the function of the sinus node. chemical substances: sympathomimetics (adrenaline and norepinephrine), vagolytics (atropine), aminophylline, corticosteroids, thyroid-stimulating hormones, diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, caffeine (coffee, tea), alcohol, nicotine, poisons (nitrates), etc. Some substances have no effect direct action on the function of the sinus node and cause the so-called reflex tachycardia by increasing the tone of the sympathetic nervous system.

Sinus tachycardia can be adequate or inadequate. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia can persist at rest, unaffected by exercise or medication, and be accompanied by sensations of palpitations and shortness of breath. This is quite rare and little-studied disease of unknown origin. Presumably it is related to primary lesion sinus node.

Symptoms of sinus tachycardia

Availability clinical symptoms sinus tachycardia depends on the degree of its severity, duration, and the nature of the underlying disease. With sinus tachycardia, subjective symptoms may be absent or minor: palpitations, discomfort, feeling of heaviness or pain in the heart area. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia can be manifested by persistent palpitations, a feeling of shortness of breath, shortness of breath, weakness, frequent dizziness. Fatigue, insomnia, decreased appetite, decreased performance, and worsened mood may occur.

The degree of subjective symptoms is dictated by the underlying disease and the sensitivity threshold of the nervous system. In case of heart disease (for example, coronary atherosclerosis), an increase in the number of heart contractions can cause attacks of angina pectoris, worsening the symptoms of heart failure.

With sinus tachycardia, there is a gradual onset and end. In cases of severe tachycardia, symptoms may reflect circulatory disturbances various organs and tissues due to a decrease cardiac output. Dizziness and sometimes fainting appear; with damage to cerebral vessels - focal neurological disorders, convulsions. With prolonged tachycardia there is a decrease blood pressure(arterial hypotension), decreased diuresis, coldness of the extremities is observed.

Diagnosis of sinus tachycardia

Diagnostic measures are carried out to identify the cause (cardiac damage or extracardiac factors) and differentiate sinus and ectopic tachycardia. ECG plays a leading role in differential diagnosis type of tachycardia, determining the frequency and rhythm of heart contractions. Daily Holter ECG monitoring is highly informative and absolutely safe for the patient; it identifies and analyzes all types of disorders heart rate, changes in cardiac activity during the patient’s normal activity.

EchoCG (echocardiography), MRI of the heart (magnetic resonance imaging) are carried out to identify intracardiac pathology that causes pathological tachycardia EPI (electrophysiological study) of the heart, studying the propagation of an electrical impulse through the heart muscle, allows us to determine the mechanism of tachycardia and cardiac conduction disorders. Additional Methods research ( general analysis blood, determination of the content of thyroid-stimulating hormones in the blood, EEG of the brain, etc.) make it possible to exclude blood diseases, endocrine disorders, pathological activity of the central nervous system, etc.

Treatment of sinus tachycardia

The principles of treatment of sinus tachycardia are determined, first of all, by the causes of its occurrence. Treatment should be carried out by a cardiologist together with other specialists. It is necessary to eliminate factors that contribute to an increase in heart rate: eliminate caffeine-containing drinks (tea, coffee), nicotine, alcohol, spicy food, chocolate; protect yourself from psycho-emotional and physical overload. For physiological sinus tachycardia, no treatment is required.

Treatment of pathological tachycardia should be aimed at eliminating the underlying disease. In case of extracardiac sinus tachycardia of a neurogenic nature, the patient needs to consult a neurologist. Treatment uses psychotherapy and sedatives(luminal, tranquilizers and neuroleptics: mebicar, diazepam). In the case of reflex tachycardia (with hypovolemia) and compensatory tachycardia (with anemia, hyperthyroidism), it is necessary to eliminate the causes that caused them. Otherwise, therapy aimed at reducing heart rate can lead to a sharp decrease in blood pressure and aggravate hemodynamic disorders.

For sinus tachycardia caused by thyrotoxicosis, β-blockers are used in addition to the thyreostatic drugs prescribed by the endocrinologist. Preference is given to β-blockers of the oxyprenolol and pindolol group. If there are contraindications to β-blockers, alternative medications are used - non-hydropyridine calcium antagonists (verapamil, diltiazem).

For sinus tachycardia caused by heart failure, cardiac glycosides (digoxin) are prescribed in combination with beta-blockers. The target heart rate should be selected individually, depending on the patient’s condition and his underlying disease. The target resting heart rate for angina is usually 55-60 beats per minute; at neurocirculatory dystonia– 60 - 90 beats per minute, depending on subjective tolerance.

With paroxysmal tachycardia, increased tone vagus nerve can be achieved with a special massage - pressing on eyeballs. If there is no effect, an antiarrhythmic drug (verapamil, amiodarone, etc.) is administered intravenously. Patients with ventricular tachycardia required urgent Care, emergency hospitalization and carrying out anti-relapse antiarrhythmic therapy.

In case of inadequate sinus tachycardia, in case of ineffectiveness of b-blockers and in case of significant deterioration of the patient's condition, transvenous RFA of the heart is used (restoration of normal heart rhythm by cauterization of the affected area of ​​the heart). If there is no effect or the patient’s life is threatened, surgery implantation of an electrical pacemaker (ECS) - an artificial pacemaker.

Forecast and prevention of sinus tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia in patients with heart disease is most often a manifestation of heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction. In these cases, the prognosis can be quite serious, since sinus tachycardia is a reflection of the reaction of the cardiovascular system to a decrease in ejection fraction and a disorder of intracardiac hemodynamics. In the case of physiological sinus tachycardia, even with pronounced subjective manifestations, the prognosis is usually satisfactory.

Prevention of sinus tachycardia involves early diagnosis and timely treatment of cardiac pathology, elimination of extracardiac factors contributing to the development of disturbances in heart rate and sinus node function. To avoid serious consequences of tachycardia, it is necessary to follow recommendations for a healthy lifestyle.

Sinus tachycardia, what is it? This is what many people ask when they first hear a doctor’s diagnosis. Is it dangerous? What measures should be taken?

If the heartbeat quickens against the background of a normal heart rhythm, then they speak of sinus tachycardia. There are congenital or pathological (acquired) tachycardia.

Manifestations of abnormal heart function caused at birth most often affect girls of different ages and adolescents during the period of hormonal changes in the body, as well as severe psycho-emotional and physical activity At school.

During severe overexertion and fatigue, a stressful situation, a sudden change in body position, the influence of alcohol, or drinking coffee, physiological tachycardia occurs. When the above reasons are eliminated, its manifestations also disappear. Sinus tachycardia in children under seven years of age is considered normal.

A pathological heart rate disorder occurs as a result of diseases of the cardiovascular, endocrine, urinary and other systems.

Symptoms of heart dysfunction

An ECG study can diagnose sinus tachycardia, even if the disease does not manifest itself. Sinus tachycardia on the ECG looks like frequent cardiac complexes with shortened intervals between them. At the same time, the rhythm of contractions itself remains normal. You can check the status of your heart yourself by periodically measuring your pulse at rest. If the heart contracts 100 times or more in 1 minute, you should definitely consult a doctor to identify the cause of the abnormality and prescribe treatment.

Clinical manifestations of the disease may appear fatigue, worsening mood, general weakness, dizziness, even loss of consciousness.

Sinus tachycardia during pregnancy in mild form is quite common. This is due to hormonal changes throughout the body, as well as a heavy load on life-supporting organs.

The cause of tachycardia may be fetal development, compression of the heart, increased cellular metabolism, because the mother’s heart works both for itself and for the child. Tachycardia usually manifests itself in the last trimester, when the fetus is almost formed and its gas exchange is intense.

After a doctor makes a diagnosis Special attention attention should be paid to the main symptoms of sinus tachycardia. The duration of the rapid heartbeat, as well as the frequency of its occurrence, are subject to mandatory recording. These indicators will tell the cardiologist a lot and help prescribe adequate treatment.

If an attack of heart palpitations occurs and disappears suddenly, and can last from a few minutes to a longer period, then the doctor diagnoses paroxysmal sinus tachycardia. The reason for this condition is the invasion of the heart by a new source of excitation, called extrasystole. It forms its own rhythm of the blood pump. Knowing this diagnosis, you need to start treatment immediately.

What sinus tachycardia is is well known to older people, many of whom suffer hypertension, ischemia and other cardiovascular pathologies. And the main cause of all these ailments is atherosclerosis of the blood vessels of both the heart and brain. In this case, treatment of the underlying disease should be the prevention of tachycardia.

The course of the anomaly with alternating increased heart rate and bradycardia, when it sharply slows down, can be dangerous. This may be a manifestation various forms neurosis and requires mandatory drug treatment. Most often, the disease is detected in older people who find it difficult to control their emotions. The disease can also be accompanied by pathologies such as cardiosclerosis and rheumatism.

Possible treatment options

Treatment of sinus tachycardia is carried out taking into account the cause of the identified disease and is prescribed for each patient individually.

If identified light form abnormal heart function, your doctor may recommend taking sedatives. This can include sedatives such as Seduxen or Phenobarbital. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the dynamics of the disease. From herbal remedies Tinctures of valerian and motherwort have sedative properties.

A cardiologist will tell you how to treat sinus tachycardia if heart failure is diagnosed as its cause. In such cases, it is usually prescribed ACE inhibitors, cardiac glycosides. Traditional medicine advises long time drink an infusion of hawthorn flowers or fruits, which effectively strengthens the heart muscle.

When detecting tachycardia after detection in the body infectious disease, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the source of infection. Negative Impact Diseases of the internal organs, to which the patient did not pay attention, can also affect the heart rhythm. Therefore, first it is necessary to eliminate the main source of the disease, which provokes a malfunction of the main motor of the body.

The physiological form of the disease does not provide any treatment. If you avoid the factors that provoke it, you can completely get rid of rapid heartbeat. To do this, the doctor suggests completely eliminating stimulant foods from the patient’s diet, for example, coffee, strong tea, and chocolate. This also applies to alcoholic beverages.

Treatment of sinus tachycardia with drugs is aimed at correcting metabolic disorders in organism. In severe cases of the disease, beta-blockers are prescribed, which help reduce the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle. In addition, magnesium preparations are an ally in treatment, promoting the restoration of heart tissue. It is advisable to take Panangin, which combines potassium and magnesium in an easily digestible form.

However, you should not prescribe treatment for yourself. Such independence can also cause more harm heart and provoke dangerous consequences for good health.

Consequences and complications of tachycardia

The consequences of sinus tachycardia can be different, just as the reasons for the disruption of the rhythm of the heart muscle are different.

In the case of the physiological nature of the onset of the disease, even with very strong manifestations, the prognosis is satisfactory.

For patients with existing problems in cardiovascular system As a rule, the prognosis can be quite alarming. After all, many factors are involved in the process that influence normal work hearts. This includes a decrease in blood output from the heart, a disruption in the supply of the brain, and oxygen and nutritional deficiency in the body.

Why is sinus tachycardia dangerous? A prolonged course of the disease causes overstrain of the heart muscle, which can cause cardiac arrest. Timely treatment will help prevent the development of severe pathological process and prevent negative structural changes hearts.

In order to prevent the occurrence of sinus tachycardia, you need to be more attentive to your health, do not overexert yourself, and healthy image life.

And most importantly, do not forget that life is given to us only once. Therefore, more positive emotions! Try to see the good even in the bad.

What is sinus tachycardia?

Sinus tachycardia is an accelerated heart rate, more than 100 beats per minute. There are congenital and acquired sinus tachycardia. In congenital cases, they are examined for the presence of more dangerous heart diseases. If they are not there, then live in peace. This is not dangerous. When acquired, the causes that influenced the occurrence of rapid heartbeat are identified.

Sinus tachycardia is a type of rapid contraction of the heart muscle, in which the heart does not work correctly, for example, contracting in a bunch, and, surprisingly, the patients themselves cannot understand where they get the symptoms characteristic of general pathology heart muscle?

Why is cardiac arrhythmia dangerous? Causes and symptoms of arrhythmia

Failures in the functioning of the heart muscle - in the sequence of its contraction - are called arrhythmia. The human heart must contract in a special rhythm.

A healthy heart contracts about 60-70 heart beats per minute. Depending on the type of arrhythmia, disruptions in contractions vary. This may be tachycardia (increased contractions) and bradycardia (decreased contractions).

Cardiac arrhythmia and its types:

1) Sinus tachycardia– results in 90 heart beats in one minute. The main feature is increased heart rate. The reasons are heavy stress and psychological stress.

2) Sinus bradycardia – leads to 55 heart beats per minute. The cause is reduced function thyroid glands Signs pointing to it are discomfort felt in the heart, possible dizziness and severe weakness.

3) Sinus arrhythmia- irregular sequence of heartbeats. This type most common among children. This type of arrhythmia does not usually require special treatment. Breathing exercises are also enough.

4) Extrasystole– contraction of the heart muscle occurs out of turn. This disease is caused due to bad habits, and also as a concomitant to other diseases. Signs: the heart muscle freezes or strong tremors are felt.

5) Paroxysmal tachycardia – correct cardiac function, but rapid rhythm. In one minute, the heart rate can reach 140-200, or even more, beats. Characteristic symptoms– sweating, weakness and palpitations that increase.

6) Atrial fibrillation – muscle fibers contract erratically, while the atrium does not contract completely, and the ventricles do not contract rhythmically. And this reduction occurs faster and faster, reaching up to 300 beats per minute. This happens with thyroid disease, alcoholism and heart defects. Symptoms may be absent at all, but the main ones may be cardiac arrest, loss of consciousness, and unpalpable pulse.

7) Heart blocks may be complete or incomplete. This disease is characterized by loss of pulse. Symptoms are convulsions and fainting.

Causes of cardiac arrhythmia

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The reasons why arrhythmia occurs may be different and depend on the type of disease, but still, if we talk about general ones, then they are as follows:

• functional – related to the characteristics of the nervous system;
• heart diseases;
• intoxication, both with poisons and with overdose medical supplies, drugs, hangover syndrome and so on.;
• violation electrolyte balance– with indomitable vomiting and the use of diuretics;
• hormonal problems;
• respiratory failure, it can be acute or chronic.

Atrial fibrillation can occur against the background of other pathological diseases:

• chronic heart failure;
• myocardial infarction and myocarditis;
• ischemia;
• cardiosclerosis;
• cardiac rheumatism;
• high blood pressure.

There are reasons for the manifestation atrial fibrillation and non-cardiac diseases:

• thyroid problems;
• intoxication;
• stress, especially of a nervous nature;
• chronic alcoholism;
• changes in electrolyte balance.

The causes of sinus arrhythmia are:

• ischemia and myocardial infarction;
• heart failure;
• congenital heart defects;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• asthma and bronchitis;
• thyroid problems;
• diabetes;
• adrenal diseases;
• taking medications whose action is aimed at stimulating cardiac function;
• smoking and alcohol;
• physiological characteristics;
• in adolescents during puberty.

Symptoms by which you can recognize the disease - cardiac arrhythmia!

• weakness of the body;
• dizziness;
• dyspnea;
• darkening of the organs of vision;
• fatigue;
• pre-fainting states.

The symptoms of atrial fibrillation depend on its form - constant or paroxysmal - and pathological type:

• Bradysystolic;
• tachysystolic.

It is worth considering general state sick. The symptoms of the disease, which is accompanied by strong heartbeat. Then the arrhythmia is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• constant attacks of pain in the heart area;
• dyspnea;
• trembling and muscle weakness;
• frequent urination;
• heavy sweating;
• panic and fear;
• fainting and dizziness.

Also, when diagnosing atrial fibrillation in patients, it is possible to clearly identify a pulse deficiency. Symptoms may not appear or become temporary, which is why people do not go to the hospital, thinking that it is simple overwork. Subsequently, the disease becomes chronic.

Symptoms of sinus arrhythmia if the contraction frequency increases are:

• lack of oxygen;
• shortness of breath;
• pulsation in the temples and heart;
• sensations of pain in the chest.

Symptoms of sinus arrhythmia if the contraction frequency decreases are:

• dizziness;
• pain in the head;
• general weakness.

Also sinus arrhythmia may lead to the patient losing consciousness - this is in a severe form of the disease.

If the form of the disease is moderate, then it may be completely asymptomatic.

Treatment of cardiac arrhythmia

It’s worth saying right away that treatment of any form of cardiac arrhythmia is prescribed only by a doctor, no self-medication. After diagnosing the disease, based on its form and severity of manifestation, the specialist prescribes treatment. And it is always worth remembering that this type of disease requires constant monitoring of the electrocardiogram, especially when prescribing the drug.

Treatment for arrhythmia can be:

• 1.medicines;
• 2. surgical intervention;
• 3.physiotherapeutic procedures, but they are prescribed selectively.

Traditional therapy - treating cardiac arrhythmia

There are recipes traditional medicine, which can strengthen the heart and help in its work, but you should definitely consult your doctor if the patient also wants to be treated with such prescriptions.

Hawthorn flowers (5 g) are poured with boiling water (a glass), then a water bath is prepared and the infusion is heated under a closed lid for about 15 minutes. The mixture is cooled, filtered and squeezed until the liquid volume is 200 ml. This infusion is taken for atrial fibrillation 2 times a day before meals.

If the heart rhythm is disturbed, you can use the following infusion: calendula inflorescences (2 tsp) are brewed with two glasses of boiling water. Then the broth should be left to infuse for about an hour. Drink it 4 times a day, half a glass.

If your heartbeat is rapid or your heart hurts, then this decoction will help: you need to take two parts each of valerian roots and motherwort herb, one part each of yarrow herb and anise fruit. Mix everything well and take tbsp. l. A mixture that is poured with a glass of boiling water and left to steep for half an hour. Used in an amount of a third of a glass 3 times a day.

Manifestation of cardiac arrhythmia in children

For some reason, most people believe that cardiac arrhythmia is an age-related disease that most often occurs in older people. This is an erroneous statement.

But you can immediately reassure parents somewhat, since sinus cardiac arrhythmia often manifests itself, which is associated with age and physiological changes in teenagers. Although this disease should not be ignored, you should definitely visit a doctor.

After all, arrhythmia can be quite varied in children and can be passed on to the child from the parents. The disease can also be congenital, in which case it develops in the embryo.

If this is an acquired form of arrhythmia, then it appears after birth.

What are the causes of this disease in children?

• - frequent nervous tension;
• — stressful situations at home, in kindergarten or school;
• — fear (for example, in families with strict discipline, the child may be afraid to show a bad grade);
• — physical overload;
• - heatwave.

The cause of arrhythmia may also be a deficiency in the body of any vitamins, minerals, or microelements. Also with diseases of the endocrine system.

Parents can only wish one thing - take care of your children, remember, so that nothing happens in your family, mom and dad are equally dear to the baby and are not worth their bad relationship brings it out on him. Don't dismiss it either school problems, because they can also greatly affect the child’s health.

Sinus tachycardia is an accelerated contraction of the heart muscle. The correct heart rhythm depends on the sinusoidal signal that is formed in the sinus node.

Sinus tachycardia is normotopic, since it directly depends on the sinus node.

Sinus node of the heart, what is it?

• myocardial infarction;
• aneurysm of the heart muscle;
• endocarditis disease (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart);
• acquired form of heart disease;
• during a crisis with hypertension;
• atherosclerosis.

How does the orthostatic type of sinus tachycardia manifest?

Some patients do not feel severely unwell and continue to active image life. From time to time, such patients experience a feeling of myocardial contraction and pain in the heart area.

Other patients acutely feel the symptoms of tachycardia, signs of loss of performance:

• frequent and persistent pulsation, which the patient feels constantly;
• shortness of breath, both when moving and at rest;
• weakness of the whole body;
• dizziness, sometimes very strong;
• fainting and loss of consciousness;
• pain in the heart area;
• insomnia;
• irritable state;
• emotional overexcitation.

If the patient has tachycardia, coronary vessels have atherosclerotic lesions, then angina pectoris develops against the background of these two pathologies.

Is sinus tachycardia dangerous during pregnancy?

Sinus tachycardia during pregnancy develops in women even who have never had abnormalities in the circulatory system.

Rapid contraction of the heart muscle is not normal in this position, but there are prerequisites for the development of the disease:

• the uterus enlarges and blood flow increases;
• body weight increases during this period;
• changes in hormonal levels;
• blood pressure in the peritoneum increases, which can change the position heart organ in the chest.

In adolescents, an ECG is often taken before the test. After this, the patient undergoes physical activity on the body (in the form of squats). The second ECG procedure is done during exercise and records the frequency of pulsating contractions. By this result The condition of the heart and vascular system is determined.

According to the results ECG sinus The following indicators are considered tachycardia:

• heart contractions - more than 90 beats per minute;
• regular sinus rhythm - the P wave is always ahead of the ventricular contraction;
• QRS - correct;
• decrease in the level between the P waves;
• fluctuations in T wave height;
• the axis is directed towards the original position of the cardiac organ. During pregnancy it is determined vertical position eos ( electric axle hearts).

When a person joins the army, he is examined on an exercise bike and using the Holter method (recording cardiac signals installed on the patient’s body). Based on the results of this diagnosis, the doctor will record an arrhythmia.

Treatment of sinus myocardial contraction disorder

If diagnosed moderate stage sinus tachycardia, then it is necessary to reconsider your lifestyle, diet and get rid of bad habits: smoking and taking alcoholic drinks.

In order to lower your heart rate, you must follow some rules:

Each patient is individually selected according to their symptoms and treatment.

Treatment of tachycardia in heart pathology

In case of pathology of the heart organ, the doctor prescribes medications, corresponding to heart disease.

If sinus tachycardia is a consequence of anemia, then the patient is prescribed iron supplements, a vitamin-mineral complex and an individually selected diet.

If there is a large loss of blood, the patient must be given: plasma, which is fresh frozen, erythrocyte mass, saline solution.

Treatment of neurogenic sinus tachycardia

The neurogenic type of the disease is the most common type of sinus tachycardia. Cause of this type- these are stressful situations, nervous tension and high mental stress.

Therapy includes taking: tranquilizers, sedatives and therapeutic activities with a psychologist.

Complications of sinus tachycardia

Complications of sinus tachycardia for the body occur with a disease associated with heart pathologies.

Frequent attacks that continue a long period time, negatively affect the condition of the organ and vascular system.

The myocardium weakens due to the fact that the heart chambers enlarge. Blood circulation weakens both in the pulmonary circle and in the big circle blood flow Blood stagnation occurs.

Internal vital important organs do not receive the required amount of oxygen and vitamins from the blood, which leads to failure of internal organs, swelling of the lungs, myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris.

Sinus tachycardia is also called accelerated sinus heart rate. This disease occurs frequently in people of different ages. This diagnosis is made in adults when the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. In children, this figure is 10% of the norm established for their age.

Sinus rhythm is born in the sinus node, which is the point of origin of the impulse responsible for heart rate and the rhythm of the heart muscle. A wave of excitation arises in this node, it spreads to the heart and is responsible for synchronous work.

Sinus tachycardia - how dangerous is it?

This disease is not dangerous or fatal. Many people live and only accidentally find out that they have sinus tachycardia of the heart; accordingly, very few know what it is.

Sinus-type tachycardia can be situational or transient and long-lasting. This is how the body reacts to influences. various factors. This can be intense physical activity, strong emotional arousal, mental stress, heat body, lack of oxygen, infection.

If the occurrence of tachycardia is not associated with exercise, then the heart rate usually varies between 95 - 130. During physical activity, ordinary people the heart beats at a frequency of 150–160 beats/min. During training, athletes may experience a heart rate in the range of 180 – 240 beats/min.

Let us say once again that sinus tachycardia is not dangerous disease. When it is detected, you should not fall into hysterics and panic. You just need to change your lifestyle a little, follow simple recommendations and take care of your heart a little.

Causes of the disease

As already mentioned, many people experience sinus tachycardia, the reasons for its occurrence can be very different. Even within individual population groups, the factors that cause this phenomenon vary. In general, sinus-type tachycardia is the body’s reaction to insufficient oxygen supply to the organs and tissues of the body. In ordinary cases, not burdened by special circumstances, such a phenomenon can occur for three reasons:

• entry into the body toxic substances eg alcohol, nicotine;
• excessive production of thyroid hormone;
• various types of infections.

Drugs as one of the reasons

The appearance of sinus tachycardia is often caused by taking certain groups of medications. These include the following:

Taking these drugs has by-effect in the form of sinus tachycardia. Cancel appointment medicinal product You can’t do it on your own, you need to consult a doctor. He will be able, after assessing the situation, to cancel or replace previously prescribed medications.

Blood diseases and respiratory system disorders

When organs respiratory system do not work correctly, less oxygen enters the body. Internal organs and the tissues begin to “starve”, the body reacts to this state of affairs with the appearance of sinus tachycardia. The heart beats faster, trying to saturate the body with oxygen to the required extent.

The same state of affairs is present with anemia and large blood losses. In this case, enough oxygen enters the body, but there is not enough blood to deliver it to all organs. Due to increased blood circulation, the body tries to eliminate this problem.

Heart diseases

Problems with the heart itself can also cause sinus tachycardia. There are a few such diseases:

Reasons specific to teenagers

For adolescence sinus tachycardia is not uncommon. It occurs for the following reasons:

• loads, stressful situations and emotional surges;
• the physiology of a growing organism, the heart does not seem to keep up with the growth of the body;
• chronic diseases, infections, malignancies.

As you can see, this phenomenon can be harmless and even normal, but it can also indicate the presence of serious problems in the body. In any case, a visit to the doctor and examination has never been superfluous.

Causes specific to pregnant women

Even during a normal pregnancy, there may be cardiopalmus. Again, there is nothing scary about this. Similar phenomenon may be due to a number of factors:

• intense weight gain;
• changes in the uterus;
• metabolic restructuring.

Fears are often groundless, and a woman in this situation does not need worries. It is necessary to pay attention to the intensity of changes in the work of the heart during prolonged attacks, dizziness, feelings of nausea and conditions close to fainting. A doctor should check the presence and functionality of the thyroid gland.

Causes specific to the fetus

Sinus tachycardia can occur even in an unborn child. There may be several reasons for this phenomenon:

• a pregnant woman taking medications that may have similar side effects;
• mother's emotional arousal;
• anemia;
• chromosomal type abnormalities;
• hypoxia;
• disturbances in water-salt balance;
• intrauterine infection.

If the first two options do not require medical intervention, then in other cases it will be necessary to take special measures. A pregnant woman should limit her intake of medications that can have a similar effect on the body. For more serious problems, transplacental administration of antiarrhythmic drugs is prescribed.

Manifestations of sinus tachycardia

The presence of sinus tachycardia can be determined by several signs. There are few of them:

You can accurately determine the presence of such a phenomenon using an ECG, but even a basic pulse count will allow you to draw the appropriate conclusions.

Types of sinus tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia has a classification that is based on various factors.

• Classification by causative factor:

1. physiological (functional) occurs due to external stimuli and is not dangerous;
2. pathological (long-term) is caused by diseases and can be the cause of more serious problems.

• Classification of prolonged (pathological) tachycardia:

1. neurogenic is caused hypersensitivity heart receptors in relation to stress and fear hormones;
2. toxic is caused by exposure to toxic substances (tobacco, alcohol, drugs) and can be observed with hormonal disorders;
3. medicinal is caused by taking specific drugs or is a consequence of an overdose;
4. hypoxic is a consequence of diseases of the respiratory system, anemia;
5. cardiac or myogenic occurs with diseases of the heart muscle (defects, cardiomyopathy).

• Classification according to the source of impulses:

1. sinus is caused by excessive activity of the sinus node;
2. ectopic or paroxysmal sinus tachycardia is characterized by the occurrence of a rhythm outside the sinus node (atria, ventricles), differs sudden attacks of various durations.

• Classification by severity:

1. moderate sinus tachycardia is characteristic of childhood(up to 6 years), also occurs in adolescents during hormonal changes;
2. severe sinus tachycardia does not have age restrictions, but is more common in old age.

Methods for diagnosing tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia has a code according to ICD 10 (tenth revision) I 47.1, belongs to the class of supraventricular tachycardia. Without an ECG, you can simply note the frequent contraction of the heart muscle. To do this, the therapist listens to the heart and calculates the heart rate. It is impossible to judge the rhythm with such a diagnosis.

Sinus tachycardia is clearly visible on the ECG, so a referral for this procedure will be prescribed by a physician without fail. Based on the ECG results, the contraction frequency is examined. To do this, the distance between the tall teeth is measured, their direction and shape are analyzed. All these data allow us to draw conclusions regarding the characteristics of the rhythm.

In some cases, Holter monitoring may be necessary. It is carried out in a hospital throughout the day. Such measures are necessary in the absence of data on increased heart rate on the cardiogram of the electrocardiographic examination. Stress tests may also be prescribed. Such diagnostics are relevant when deciding on a person’s suitability for work in special, difficult conditions.

First aid during an attack

If you feel a rapid heartbeat, then you need to do simple steps, which will allow you to return your heart function to normal:

• take a deep breath and exhale slowly - repeat this several times;
• As you inhale, hold your breath and tense your stomach.

Such simple manipulations are effective self-help. In case of a serious attack that you cannot cope with on your own, you need to do the following:

How and with what to treat

Although sinus tachycardia in most cases does not require treatment, there are still exceptions. Let's look at how to treat sinus tachycardia:

• if the disease is a consequence of other problems in the body, then they need to be eliminated;
• strengthening the nervous system through massage, bathing, relaxing and invigorating showers;
• Physiotherapeutic treatment has a calming effect and leads to normal condition arrhythmia;
• visiting a psychologist, conducting hypnotic sessions and auto-training.

Forecast for life

You can live a normal life with sinus tachycardia. You just need to give up bad habits, see a cardiologist and monitor. Young people of military age, as well as their parents, are interested in the question of whether they are accepted into the army with sinus tachycardia. The question is relevant and important for many young people.

Here the decisive role is played accompanying illnesses. If they are absent, and only sinus tachycardia is present, then the conscript is considered fit for service. People are not allowed to serve in the army if they have heart failure or other diseases as a result of this disease. serious problems with heart.

Have you noticed signs of sinus tachycardia? Go to the doctor and get diagnosed. Do not forget, such a problem can be an echo of more serious and even dangerous diseases.