Improper treatment of flu or colds often leads to complications and the development of bronchial diseases, so it is important to promptly determine the first signs of bronchitis in a child on early stages development. Bronchitis develops as a complication of laryngitis or tracheitis. This leads to inflammation of the bronchi in children and disruption of air circulation in the lungs. 1
Bronchitis in children under one year of age can be acute or chronic. Acute proceeds much faster, and when improper treatment or the neglect of the disease turns into chronic form.
Based on the form and signs of development, the following types of disease are distinguished:
Although you can find many recommendations on the Internet on how to determine bronchitis in a child, it is necessary to seek help at the first sign of illness. medical care. The infection spreads quite quickly and can affect other organs as well. respiratory tract.
2With bronchiolitis, both the small tubes of the organ and the bronchioles are affected. The disease develops as a result of complications of ARVI and viral infectious diseases. The cause of the development of the disease is various gases that the baby inhales along with cold air.
Symptoms of bronchiolitis:
You can alleviate the child’s condition by creating favorable comfortable conditions in the house. The room should be regularly ventilated and a humidifier should be turned on. In addition to medications, do steam inhalations.
3Hypothermia, high humidity and sudden changes temperatures lead to the development acute bronchitis. It often develops due to transfer serious illnesses such as sinusitis, sinusitis or rhinitis. In this case, changes occur in the mucous membrane in the bronchi, it becomes hyperemic, and a purulent plaque appears.
Signs of bronchitis in children under 3 years of age:
It is recommended to provide the child with plenty of warm fluids. Ventilate the baby’s room as often as possible and provide the room with sufficient humidity and fresh air. Clean the room where the patient with bronchitis is located every day. It is advisable to take anti-allergy medications.
4Obstructive bronchitis in children under one year of age it begins to develop after influenza or a viral infection. Signs of the disease appear already on the 3rd or 4th day of a cold (flu).
How does bronchitis manifest in a child:
Treatment of the disease is more effective in a hospital. It is recommended to follow the recommendations of your doctor and use bronchodilators, antispasmodics and antibiotics. Do not rub children's bodies with warming ointments, such as essential oils and Doctor MOM.
IN
Cold autumn and winter days often bring colds and illness. Children are especially susceptible to this. In school and kindergarten groups, diseases simply “circulate”, passing from one child to another. As a result, recovery is delayed, and a persistent cough develops, sometimes getting worse, sometimes subsiding a little. Acute bronchitis in a child it is dangerous due to its consequences, but with a competent approach to treatment they can be avoided.
This disease occurs due to various reasons and has several forms. Therefore, an individual approach is required in each case.
Timely and professional diagnosis is also important, on the basis of which the doctor can prescribe the necessary medications and physiotherapeutic procedures.
When breathing, air passes through the nasal cavity into the larynx, then into the trachea and then into the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. In a healthy state, all these links work without difficulty, providing the body with oxygen.
But when they become inflamed, mucus forms in them, severe cases swelling develops. The body tries to get rid of the disease on its own, so rhinitis (inflammation of the lining of the nose) is accompanied by a runny nose, and if the problem is in the lower parts, a cough appears.
With bronchitis, inflammation of the bronchi occurs, leading to the accumulation of sputum in them. There are several forms of this disease: viral, bacterial, viral-bacterial and allergic.
Bronchitis can also be triggered by exposure to harmful substances that irritate lung tissue (cigarette smoke, car fumes, etc.).
According to the nature of the disease, it can be acute, recurrent and chronic. The first type is characterized by a rapid increase and severity of symptoms.
In children up to school age often diagnosed - a form of the disease in which blockage of the bronchi occurs.
As a result, the flow of air into the body is partially or completely blocked. The syndrome develops due to bronchospasm and massive swelling of the mucous membrane with copious discharge viscous, difficult to clear sputum.
Parents who have encountered this disease in their children are interested in how to treat acute bronchitis in a child. First of all, you need to find out the cause of the disease. Most often in early age this disease develops due to a viral infection (up to 80% of cases).
For a speedy recovery, you need to maintain cleanliness and humidity in the room, ventilate it daily, and do wet cleaning.
The diet should consist primarily of dairy products, cereals and cooked vegetables.
It is important to give your child (if age allows) as much drink as possible: milk with honey and butter, as well as warm tea, compote, fruit juice.
Drug treatment of acute bronchitis in children is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease.
It consists of antiviral, antiallergic drugs, hormones or antibiotics (depending on the cause of the disease).
All drugs can be divided into the following groups:
If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics are prescribed (Azithromycin, Erythromycin, etc.).
For symptoms viral infection – antivirals(Interferon, Arbidol, Remantadine).
Treatment of children with allergic manifestations held antihistamines(Suprastin, Zyrtec, Claritin).
In severe cases of the disease with obstructive symptoms, corticosteroids are prescribed.
In parallel with drug treatment To remove sputum as quickly as possible, it is necessary to carry out therapeutic exercises, vibration massage, postural drainage.
For acute bronchitis in children, a doctor may prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures.
They speed up the healing process by providing an anti-inflammatory effect. They can be taken 1 or 2 times a year.
The duration of the course is determined individually, but on average it is 10 procedures.
Therapy is carried out using ultraviolet irradiation, mud and paraffin applications, inductometry, electrophoresis with calcium, Sollux, aeronization with a hydroionizer with chamomile and antibiotics.
All procedures are performed on the chest area, and some are performed between the shoulder blades.
Included complex therapy tangible help provide methods traditional medicine. Traditionally, the following are used to treat bronchitis:
Remember that all folk remedies, despite their naturalness, can be allergens. Before using them to treat children, you should consult a pediatrician.
As a rule, bronchitis itself is not dangerous. The threat is its complications that develop due to improper treatment or untimely initiation.
Most of the consequences affect respiratory system, but sometimes other organs also suffer - the heart, blood vessels, kidneys.
Each form of bronchitis has its own typical complications, which partially coincide.
Children are more susceptible to complications preschool age. Risk factors also include diseases internal organs and living in unfavorable climatic conditions.
To prevent the development of acute infectious bronchitis it is necessary to carefully and timely treat previous diseases (acute respiratory infections, flu, rhinitis), then the infection will not spread down to the bronchi.
At the first sign of illness, you should give your child vitamin C and consult a doctor.
Chronic bronchitis caused by exposure to physical and chemical substances (cigarette smoke, gases, dust), it is easy to prevent. It is enough to monitor the cleanliness of the air that the child breathes.
If the disease is caused by a reaction to allergens, then it is necessary to change the situation and carry out elimination measures.
In some cases, a change of place of residence or study may be required.
As with any disease, to prevent bronchitis, it is important to maintain immunity: eat a balanced diet, follow a daily routine, take multivitamins in courses, and harden the body.
Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract in childhood- not a rare phenomenon. With timely detection of symptoms of acute bronchitis in children, treatment is more effective.
An integrated approach to therapy allows you to influence pathological process from several sides at once, so recovery occurs within 1.5-2 weeks.
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Bronchitis is an inflammatory disease of the trachea and bronchi of a child, which occurs as a result of the action of provoking factors on the body (hypothermia, viral infection or bacterial infection, decreased immunity) and leads to general malaise, intoxication, cough, sputum and shortness of breath. Signs of bronchitis in children begin to appear in the first 2 to 3 days of the disease. Characteristic of damage to the trachea and bronchi is the appearance of a dry or wet cough, wheezing in the lungs, hard or weakened breathing during auscultation (listening to the chest using a phonendoscope) and shortness of breath at night. It is these signs that distinguish bronchitis from any other inflammatory processes that affect the upper and lower respiratory tract.
It is quite easy to recognize and understand the difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis based on the symptoms of the disease.
Changes in inflamed bronchi.
Viral bronchitis manifests itself high temperature body - above 39.0 0 C, there is nausea, vomiting of intestinal contents, convulsions and dry cough. Wheezing and weakened breathing are heard in the lungs. Then the cough becomes unproductive with the appearance of a small amount of mucous, clear or whitish sputum. Treatment of such bronchitis begins with the prescription of antiviral drugs.
Along with, antiviral effect drugs of this drug group have an immunomodulatory and immunostimulating effect due to increased production of immunocompetent cells (T-lymphocytes, plasma cells, tissue basophils, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, antibodies) and stimulation of their release from the depot ( lymph nodes) into the bloodstream.
Children under one year of age are prescribed Laferobion (recombinant human interferon) 150,000 IU 1 – 2 times a day in the form of rectal suppositories.
Children from one year to 6 years old - Laferobion at a dose of 500,000 IU 3 times a day.
For children over 6 years old, any antiviral drugs (Interferon, Groprinosin, Amiksin) in a dosage appropriate for their weight and age.
Treatment antiviral drugs carried out within 5 – 7 days.
Bacterial bronchitis manifests itself as moderate symptoms intoxication, body temperature usually does not rise above 38.0 0 C, the cough in the first days of the disease is wet with the discharge of a large amount of purulent, yellow or greenish unpleasant smell sputum. Treatment of such manifestations of the disease begins with the appointment antibacterial drugs wide range actions.
The first symptoms of bronchitis are general weakness, sleep disturbance, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting of intestinal contents, lethargy, apathy, increased fatigue, weight loss. All of the above symptoms can be attributed to one manifestation - intoxication of the body.
Treatment of such symptoms comes down to prescribing a large amount of liquid, these can be teas with lemon and honey, rosehip, raspberry, cranberry or viburnum compote. The drink should be well warm, but not hot, so as not to further irritate the child’s throat. If swelling occurs on the face or area ankle joint lower limbs Fluid intake should be reduced to a minimum.
If a child develops uncontrollable vomiting or constant gagging, it is necessary to take Metoclopramide (Cerucal) - medicinal product, which has an antiemetic effect due to increased peristalsis gastrointestinal tract and stimulation of the sphincters between the esophagus and stomach, as well as between the stomach and duodenum. It is prescribed to children after one year, 1.0 ml intramuscularly 1 - 2 times a day, from 6 - 7 years old you can take the drug in tablets, 1 tablet - 3 times a day. Such vomiting usually begins in the first hours of the disease and goes away completely within a day.
If vomiting or retching does not stop for more than 24 hours, you should seek emergency medical help, since most likely, in addition to bronchitis, the child has some other pathology.
You can also relieve the developed symptoms of bronchitis by taking the drug Stimol (Citrulline malate), which is prescribed for children under 5 years old, 200 mg 1 time per day, from 6 to 15 years old, 200 mg 2 times a day, over 16 years old, 200 mg 3 times a day. day. Medicine has an antitoxic effect, normalizes metabolic processes in the child’s body and is an antioxidant. The drug is available in liquid form, packaged in 10 ml sachets.
The second manifestations after the onset of bronchitis are fever, aches, excessive sweating, chills and fever. Such symptoms are associated with the effect of toxic products of microorganisms on the brain, and directly on the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus. In newborns and children younger age The body's thermoregulation is at a developmental stage, and even the slightest fluctuations in the body can lead to a sharp, prolonged increase in temperature. Therefore, very strict control is necessary temperature regime and timely intake of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
When fever occurs in children, treatment begins with the prescription of Paracetamol, which has an antipyretic and weak analgesic effect. Children under 2 - 3 years old can use Cefekon - suppositories with paracetamol 1 - 3 per day or drops with paracetamol up to 1 year. For children over 3 years of age, the drug is prescribed in syrup or chewable tablets 3 – 4 times a day.
If the temperature rises to high levels and does not respond well to treatment with paracetamol, Ibuprofen is prescribed, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2, affecting the process of the inflammatory reaction itself. The drug also has a pronounced analgesic and anti-edematous effect.
Doses of the drug and frequency of administration are prescribed taking into account the age of the child:
This treatment is carried out for 5 – 10 days.
Cough is the main symptom of bronchitis. The cough can be dry, unproductive or productive (wet). This is determined by the discharge of sputum from the bronchi. Cough is a protective reflex of the bronchopulmonary system, thanks to which the tracheobronchial tree is cleansed of excess mucus, pathological microorganisms and their waste products, allergens, and dust.
A child's cough can be so severe and debilitating that it requires additional prescription of codeine-based antitussive medications. Children's drug with codeine - Codterpin, which additionally includes thermopsis herb. The drug is prescribed 1 tablet 2 times a day for children over 6 years of age. Treatment is continued for 7 to 10 days.
Also typical for children night cough, which appears only at night after the child has recovered, is also called reflex. Treatment of this effect can begin with the use of drugs alternative medicine, namely burnt sugar. Melt a tablespoon of sugar over the fire and pour into preheated boiled water; this remedy is suitable for children over one year of age. The cough goes away within 5–7 minutes after taking this remedy.
Possible character of sputum in bronchitis.
Sputum is a secret that is produced in the lumen of the bronchi of medium and small caliber, containing waste products of microorganisms, dead cells of the bronchial epithelium and bacteria. By the nature of the sputum, you can determine the type of pathogen:
Without treatment, mucus may not leave at all and accumulate in the lumen of the bronchi, which dramatically affects air flow and can lead to shortness of breath, both with minimal physical exertion and at rest.
Treatment of this symptom involves the use of expectorants and mucolytic drugs that normalize mucociliary clearance (movement of cilia on the surface of the ciliated epithelium in the bronchi), block the production of excessive mucus by goblet cells and reduce the viscosity of bronchial secretions.
For this effect, Ambroxol is prescribed - this is a universal drug that has several release forms suitable for both newborns and children of high school age. The drug can be used in newborns and children under 1 year of age in the form of drops, which are added to breast milk, water, juice or tea. Children from 2 to 6 years old can take the drug in syrup. For children over 7 years of age, the drug is prescribed in tablets. Also, starting from 1 year, Ambroxol can be given to children through a nebulizer - an ultrasonic inhaler.
Shortness of breath is a symptom that is more common in children of newborn and primary school age due to anatomical features structures of the trachea and bronchi. The degree of shortness of breath can be determined by taking into account physical activity child:
The most severe complication of bronchitis is nocturnal attack shortness of breath or suffocation of the child.
Treatment this symptom involves taking bronchodilators short acting, which, although for a short time, quickly and effectively expand the bronchi, restoring air flow. The dilation of the bronchi is caused by the elimination of spasm in the smooth muscle cells of the bronchopulmonary system.
One of the best drugs, used in children's practice, is Salbutamol (Ventolin), which is prescribed from the year 1 breath at a time when suffocation begins. The medicine is used only on demand, but not more than 6 times a day. Treatment lasts 7 – 10 days.
If your baby has a fever, wheezing and a burning sensation in the chest, and a dry cough appears in the evening, it’s time to sound the alarm. It is quite possible that this is how the child shows signs of bronchitis - inflammatory disease bronchi, which threatens with all sorts of complications, including pneumonia and pulmonary atelectasis. Complex treatment Only a doctor can prescribe it, but you can help your child using effective folk remedies.
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial wall. Usually the mucous membrane lining the bronchi from the inside is mostly involved in the inflammatory process, but with severe bronchitis, inflammatory process the entire bronchial wall may be covered.
The main cause of bronchitis in children is the effect of viral and coccal infections on the bronchi. Weak children and those who do not have sufficient quality care are more susceptible to the risk of bronchitis. However, even children with good care suffer from bronchitis. Very rarely, bronchitis develops as an independent disease; usually they occur as a complication of acute respiratory infections (acute respiratory disease), adenovirus infection. In some cases, bronchitis also begins. Children who have adenoid growths and suffer chronic tonsillitis, suffer from bronchitis more often, and the duration of each disease is longer.
Regardless of the cause, bronchitis in children most often begins with the same symptoms. Typically, symptoms of bronchitis in a child begin to appear on the second or third day after the onset of an acute respiratory illness. As a rule, the baby develops a strong febrile reaction - up to 38.5 ° C. However, the body temperature may be slightly lower - it depends on the cause of the disease. Older children, falling ill with bronchitis, complain of a feeling of discomfort and burning in the chest, headache; one must think that this also worries a child under the age of one year. Soon a cough appears, which is the main symptom of bronchitis. As bronchitis manifests itself in children, the cough undergoes changes over time. If in the first days of the illness it is dry and painful, worsening at night, then already on the fifth or sixth day of the illness the cough becomes milder, with the appearance of sputum - first mucous, and then mucopurulent in nature; in severe cases, the sputum may be purulent and streaked with blood. In babies of the first year of life, it can be difficult to determine the nature of sputum, since they tend to swallow it.
In most cases general state in children with bronchitis, the external appearance remains within normal limits, but quite pronounced shortness of breath may be observed. A doctor listening to a child's bronchi with a phonendoscope hears wheezing - scattered dry wheezing and moist medium- and large-bubbly wheezing. Wheezing may vary throughout the day. After coughing, they decrease or disappear altogether. The painful process ends with recovery after 7-14 days.
There are two main types of bronchitis in children: obstructive and acute forms.
In a child in the second half of life, the disease develops as obstructive bronchitis. The word “obstruction” (lat. obstructio) means blockage, obstacle, hindrance. Obstruction occurs due to swelling of the mucous membrane, blockage of the bronchial lumen with accumulations of mucus, and also due to bronchospasm. This form of bronchitis is characterized by a somewhat elongated whistling exhalation. The wheezing that occurs in the bronchi is clearly audible without any phonendoscope - even from a distance of several meters. However, with obstructive bronchitis, children do not suffer from suffocation.
Most severe course characteristic of the so-called capillary bronchitis (it is also called “acute bronchiolitis”). With capillary bronchitis, there is blockage of many small bronchi and bronchioles with mucopurulent plugs. Since ventilation of the lungs is significantly impaired, the child develops severe shortness of breath; breathing becomes noisy, shallow, the frequency of respiratory movements increases - up to 80-90 per minute. Rib cage the child is swollen and may take on a barrel-shaped shape. The skin becomes gray and even bluish-gray; the mucous membrane of the lips also takes on a bluish color. With acute bronchitis in children, the body temperature rises greatly and signs of intoxication appear. Due to developing hypoxia, the child may become agitated, and in some cases convulsions appear. The cough has an obsessive paroxysmal nature; At first it is dry, then it becomes wet. Coughing attacks can provoke vomiting.
Another type of bronchitis that occurs in children with the development of obliteration (infestation) of the lumen of bronchioles and arterioles is obliterating bronchiolitis. With the development of emphysema, blood flow in the lungs is disrupted and increases over time. respiratory failure; changes that are irreversible develop in the bronchioles and arterioles of the diseased area of the lung.
Due to violation bronchial obstruction the child may develop acute pneumonia. Among the complications of acute bronchitis one should also mention atelectasis (collapse) of the lungs.
When symptoms of bronchitis are detected in children, comprehensive treatment is prescribed, and this is done exclusively by a pediatrician. This therapy consists of many important points. A sick baby must be provided for good care, good nutrition- complete, varied, abundant in vitamins.
Drinking plenty of warm drinks is of great importance in the treatment of bronchitis in children (the bronchi warm up, sweating and urination increase, and, therefore, toxins are removed from the body faster and in greater quantities). The room in which the sick child is located should be ventilated more often. If a child's body temperature rises, follow bed rest, the child is given the antipyretic drugs prescribed by the doctor.
In the process of treating a child’s bronchitis at home, it is necessary to give the child medications that suppress a dry cough; when the cough becomes productive, it is necessary to take expectorants to cleanse the bronchi of mucus. At home, it is recommended to inhale soda steam.
How else can you treat bronchitis in children after consulting a doctor? If someone at home knows how to massage, then they should give it to a sick child every day. Massage eliminates stagnation in the body, promotes the removal of toxins and waste from it and thereby favors speedy recovery baby.
In system preventive measures great importance have hardening (without forcing the temperature regime) from the first months of life, regular implementation physical exercise, massage. Timely and sufficient treatment of influenza and other colds. To prevent bronchitis in children, the possibility of hypothermia must be excluded; When going for a walk with a child, a mother is always obliged to think very carefully about what to dress him in. Choosing the right clothes for your baby is especially important when the air humidity is high. Rational feeding of the child and sufficient exposure to fresh air are also important.
Treatment for symptoms of bronchitis in children folk remedies can only act as additional method therapy.
Below is a selection of the best folk recipes for bronchitis for children that will help fight the disease.
What other folk remedies can treat bronchitis in children in acute and obstructive form?
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Acute bronchitis - in almost all cases passes without harm to the body, but sometimes there are cases when it develops into chronic. This can be influenced by various factors. Those who often suffer from diseases affecting the bronchi area may become victims. In some cases, a person himself provokes chronic bronchitis (by smoking, inhaling polluted air). As soon as these substances enter the body through the lungs, they begin to negatively affect the bronchial mucosa. It is necessary to be careful not only for those who smoke, but also passive smokers who inhale harmful smoke!
I’ll write a little about the symptoms chronic bronchitis. Frequent wet (sometimes dry) cough, usually very strong after sleep. When coughing, purulent fluid may be coughed up. If treatment is delayed, severe shortness of breath occurs, even without physical activity. Without careful treatment, chronic bronchitis can develop into pneumonia (also called pneumonia).
You have already become familiar with the symptoms of chronic bronchitis, now I want to tell you a little about how to treat it and in what ways. It should be said that this disease, like many others, is difficult to treat. During treatment, doctors (pulmonologist or therapist) use antibiotics (but if treatment is started at an early stage, they can do without them). Then chronic bronchitis is treated in the same way as acute bronchitis. The reason for shortness of breath is that during the narrowing of the bronchi themselves, air flows poorly into the lungs, this provokes spasms. As everyone knows, frequent cough puts a very strong strain on the heart and provokes heart failure, so that during treatment it is necessary to relieve yourself of physical activity (it is also recommended to adhere to a certain diet containing at least 5 grams of salt). During treatment, doctors recommend doing breathing exercises(just do it gradually). If you douse, do it in a warm room with warm water!
Here are a few folk recipes for the treatment of chronic bronchitis:
1. A very effective and simple recipe, for it you will need simple tea with the addition of raspberries. This drink has the ability to cause sweating, which is very necessary in your case.
2. For the next recipe you will need a whole onion in the peel. Wash it thoroughly in water, put it in a saucepan and fill it with water, cook for half an hour over low heat (as soon as the water warms up, pour 80 g of sugar into it), drink the boiled broth throughout the day - this small and very simple recipe promotes expectoration.
3. Boil a large potato (not peeled), when it is still hot, crush it, then add a few tablespoons of oil and a few drops of iodine - the resulting mixture must be wrapped in cloth and applied to the chest area (for better effect, you can wrap yourself in a thick blanket or scarf) as soon as the potatoes have cooled, remove the cloth. Use before bed.
4. You need to buy figs (by the way, I have this very amazing fruit, interesting article I advise you to read about it) then boil it in milk. Afterwards, eat the figs and drink the milk (hot).
5. For the next recipe you will need to grate a few apples and mix them with (1:1) eat a tablespoon several times a day.
6. Before going to bed, rub the chest area with fat, then wrap yourself in warm clothes. Fat has the ability to warm.
7. Very effective remedy! Mix finely crushed aloe leaf with honey (250 g) and pour this mixture with water (100 g). All this needs to be simmered over low heat for 1.5-2 hours (preferably 2). Take one tablespoon several times a day.
Note! Pregnant women and on time Women's Day It is not recommended to consume aloe (it provokes a rush of blood to the genitals ).
I tried to write to you about all the basics above, now I want to write about how to protect yourself from chronic bronchitis (prevention of chronic bronchitis). First you need to try to quit smoking (by the way, I have an article on this topic, I advise you to read it) prevention also consists of prevention and treatment for initial stage bronchitis. You don’t need to be in a room contaminated with various toxic elements (if you have a robot with toxins, you need to use high-quality respirators). If you have already become a victim of chronic bronchitis, you should strictly follow your doctor's recommendations to prevent it from getting worse.
Lead healthy image life and play sports - if your body is physically and psychologically strong, it is not afraid of more than one disease.
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