How to find out the time of ovulation. How to determine ovulation - all the ways. Find out how to determine ovulation at home without tests. Early ovulation and its causes

To identify disorders in a woman’s reproductive system, competent pregnancy planning, the right choice method of contraception, you should have a clear understanding of the menstrual cycle, the main element of which is ovulation.

Therefore, in this article we will try to reveal the main questions that most often concern women: What is ovulation? How to determine the right moment to conceive a baby? How to protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy?

What it is

Ovulation- translated from Latin means “egg” - a physiological process in the female body when a mature egg, ready for fertilization by sperm, is released from the ovarian follicle into the abdominal cavity. In women, this process occurs periodically (every 21-35 days). It begins at puberty and lasts until menopause, interrupted only during pregnancy and postpartum period. For conception, this process is very important, because if ovulation does not occur, fertilization will not occur.

Phases of the menstrual cycle

Menstrual cycle- the period starting from the 1st day of menstruation and ending on the 1st day of the next one. Its average duration is 28-29 days, maximum duration— 23-35 days. If less or more, then this indicates a failure in hormonal system women.

The menstrual cycle is divided into 2 phases. In a normal cycle, the first phase lasts 7-21 days. During this period, the female body prepares for a possible conception - a dominant follicle matures in the ovary, from which an egg will later appear, ready for fertilization. After the release of their follicle, the egg enters the abdominal cavity, where it is captured in the ampulla of the fallopian tube and begins to move very slowly along it. If sperm meets on its way, fertilization will occur. The second phase begins from the moment of ovulation, which, regardless of the duration of the menstrual cycle, lasts 14 days (plus/minus 2 days). During the 2nd phase, the corpus luteum matures in the ovary at the site of release of the egg, which, in the event of pregnancy, will ensure its safety at first. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will collapse, the egg will die, hormone levels will drop and menstruation will begin. All is one menstrual cycle ended and the next one immediately began.

Why know the symptoms and signs of ovulation

• It will help you find out the favorable day to conceive a child.
• Help prevent unplanned pregnancy. But this is only possible if the woman has a regular menstrual cycle.
• They will help in planning the gender of the unborn child. There is an opinion that sexual intercourse on the day of ovulation will lead to the birth of a male child, and 1-2 days before it - a female child. It is believed that sperm carrying male chromosomes are faster, but less hardy, therefore, if a couple wants a boy, then on the day of ovulation these sperm are able to get to the egg faster. Sperm that carry female chromosomes, on the contrary, are slow, but have high viability. If sexual intercourse occurred 1-2 days before the release of the egg, then the sperm with male chromosomes will all die, and the sperm with female chromosomes will swim to fulfill their purpose.

How to determine and find out the day of ovulation

Signs

Often, women can determine the day of ovulation without tests and analyzes - they just need to listen to own feelings. These may be short term aching pain lower abdomen, usually on one side; swelling of the mammary glands; increased flatulence; mood changes (irritability, tearfulness); acute sexual desire.

The changes taking place in the body can not only be felt, but also seen. During ovulation, vaginal discharge changes its consistency - it becomes viscous, slightly foamy, similar to egg white, and its quantity increases noticeably. During gynecological examination the doctor will see changes in the cervix - it becomes looser, softer, changes its position and opens slightly.

Determining ovulation by basal temperature

If in the morning every day, without getting out of bed, you measure the temperature in the rectum for 5 minutes with the same mercury thermometer, noting the readings and constructing a graph from them, you can notice that the flat line of the readings will sharply decrease, and then the next day it will rise sharply - this decline is the day the egg is released from the follicle. The method is 70% reliable.

Calendar method

As you know, menstruation occurs after ovulation in 14 days (plus/minus 2 days). Thus, when regular cycle at 28 days, the release of the egg from the follicle will occur on days 13-14. We suggest determining the day of ovulation using the online calculator on the website.

Absolutely all women want to know the date of ovulation. Only the goal is different - some want to determine it in order to conceive a child, others want to prevent pregnancy. Ovulation is the determining factor in a woman’s ability to conceive. These days there are several ways. Some of them give 100% results, exact date.

A full menstrual cycle, regular periods are considered a sign of strong women's health. But the arrival of the next period does not mean at all that ovulation was present in it. It is considered normal if there are no more than 2 such cycles per year. The date of ovulation, theoretically, coincides with the middle of the menstrual cycle. In practice, it can move up or down. This is due to numerous external and internal factors. This is the main difficulty of accurate .

Numerous transformations and hormonal changes occur in the body throughout the menstrual cycle. This affects general condition health and well-being of women. You can determine the moment of release of the egg by your own feelings. But not everyone succeeds in doing this.

The beginning of a new menstrual cycle coincides with the 1st day of menstruation. The maturation of the egg begins. In the absence of unfavorable factors, the process lasts about 13 days. The date of ovulation is 14-16 days of the menstrual cycle. The egg is ripe to meet the sperm and is ready for fertilization. After the egg is released, its further functioning depends on whether it meets a sperm or not. It remains in working condition for 24 hours. And everything would be simple if it weren’t for the vitality of sperm. One day in the middle of the cycle, refuse sexual intercourse, there is no pregnancy. But then difficulties would arise for those women who long to conceive. Nature has provided the following.

The sperm, entering the vagina, remains in working condition for several days. In some cases this period is 7 days. The meeting can occur immediately after the release of the egg. Or the sperm will enter the uterus when the egg is in working condition. This means that pregnancy can occur through sexual intercourse a week before the release of the egg. And within 2 days of the ovulation period.

Methods for determining egg yield

Determining ovulation puzzles women of all generations. Currently there are several ways. From fairly simple to complex ones using special equipment. And of course, with varying accuracy in determining the date. Some of them are extended over time, allowing you to assess the situation six months or a year later. Others require adherence to a certain sleep, nutrition, and sex schedule. Still others are currently inaccessible to the general public due to their high cost.

Ovulation is determined using:

• calendar method;
• test use;
• observation method;
• ultrasound examination;
• measuring basal temperature.

The most common method for determining ovulation at home is measurement. Taking into account the data of the calendar method, monitoring one’s own body. Using the test is not a procedure accessible to everyone. Some pharmacies simply don’t have them, while in others the price is high. An ultrasound examination is usually performed in case of problems with conception. A woman will not undergo this procedure every month to prevent pregnancy.

Determining ovulation using the calendar method

The method is quite simple in terms of implementation. But the result can be obtained after 1 year of regular entries and marks on the calendar. It is necessary to note the day of the beginning and end of menstruation. A notebook is used to keep notes about illnesses, stressful situations, all factors that could affect the duration of the menstrual cycle and egg maturation. It is necessary to analyze the resulting picture. The longest menstrual cycle and the shortest are calculated. To determine the date of the earliest release of the egg, it is necessary to subtract 18 days from the shortest menstrual cycle. To find out the latest date for the release of the egg, you need to subtract 11 days from the long menstrual cycle. The interval between the obtained values ​​will indicate the period of ovulation. But exact date this method cannot be determined. Theoretical calculations.

An example of determining the release of an egg using the calendar method

A woman's short menstrual cycle is 25 days. Long cycle lasts 31 days.

• Earliest date of egg release: 25-18=7. A week after the start of menstruation, ovulation may occur.
• The latest date of release of the egg: 31-11=20. The onset of ovulation can occur 20 days after the start of the menstrual cycle.

The moment of release of the egg can be from 7 to 20 days. If your menstrual cycle is regular, the results will be more accurate.

It is not entirely logical to rely on the fact that ovulation will occur on days 12-16 of the menstrual cycle. Because the female body is not a clockwork mechanism. Possible failures. Sometimes ovulation occurs just before menstruation. And in some cases, 2 eggs manage to mature, or ovulation occurs 2 times during the entire cycle. All this must be taken into account

Determination of ovulation by monitoring the state of the body

For a woman who is sensitive to her own feelings and monitors her health, determining the date of ovulation will not be difficult. Signs by which you can find out when the egg is released:

1. Selection changes. Before ovulation, the discharge becomes profuse with a yellowish tint. During ovulation they look like egg white. Transparent, viscous, plentiful. In some cases, rupture of the follicle is accompanied by bleeding. The discharge becomes pink or brown. They need to be assessed every day.
2. I have a stomachache. Unpleasant sensations are observed on one side of the abdomen. They can be aching, cutting, cramping.
3. Increases libido. Desire proximity is dictated by nature. At this moment conception should occur. This symptom is especially noticeable in women who have irregular sex life. It is necessary to listen to desires.
4. There is a change in the cervix. To ensure the release of the egg, the cervix softens and opens slightly. The woman herself will not be able to see this, but feeling it is quite possible. It is necessary to carry out the procedure several cycles in a row every day. Then the change will be noticeable.
5. Soreness mammary glands . Hardening, swelling of the nipples, painful sensations occur immediately before ovulation, and during the process. If in the middle of the cycle changes appear in the breasts without any particular reason visible reasons– this is the date of ovulation.
6. Crystallization of saliva. You'll have to get a microscope. Scientists have determined changes in a woman's saliva immediately before the onset of ovulation and during its process. Under a microscope you can see that it crystallizes and looks like frost. You need to do this every day.
7. Changing taste preferences. A woman may suddenly want something that she didn’t want before. Be it sweets, salty fish, chips, hot dog, milk, beer. The sense of smell is heightened. A woman refuses perfumes or uses others. Notices the smell of furniture, clothes, paper.
8. Flatulence, intestinal upset. Observed increased gas formation, diarrhea, pain in the lower abdomen.

The accuracy of determining ovulation by this method is very questionable. Signs appear on the eve of ovulation, during its process, or are weakly expressed.

Determining ovulation by measuring basal temperature

Throughout monthly cycle body temperature changes. Get full picture, a conclusion about the date of ovulation can be made after 3-6 months of constant measurement. The basal temperature method requires compliance with the following rules:

• You must use 1 thermometer throughout the month.
• The temperature is measured immediately after waking up. Sleep should be at least 6 hours.
• You can measure in the mouth, vagina, rectum. The last method gives the most complete picture. You cannot change the method until the end of the cycle.
• Temperatures are taken from 6 to 8 am. At other times, the data is distorted.
• The duration of temperature measurement is from 5 to 10 minutes.

Additional notes must be kept in the notebook. Since changes in basal temperature are influenced by several factors:

• taking medications;
• cold, viral infection with increasing temperature;
• alcohol;
• nervous tension, stress;
• physical fatigue;
• insomnia;
• sexual intercourse;
• moving;
• heightened emotional state.

All temperature measurement data is transferred to the graph. The X axis should indicate the day, and the Y axis should indicate the basal temperature. In the first half, the temperature remains at 36.3-36.8 degrees Celsius. The day before ovulation, the temperature drops sharply. This is followed by an increase to 37-37.5 degrees. This is the moment of ovulation. After 2 days the temperature drops slightly and remains until the onset of menstruation. Directly in front of them it descends again.

The method of determining ovulation by measuring basal temperature gives a complete picture. It is possible to accurately determine the moment possible conception. But due to the influence large quantity internal and external factors are quite complex.

Determining ovulation using a test

You can determine ovulation using a test. Morning urine is used for analysis. The analysis is carried out daily. The result is based on the level of LH hormones. They are constantly present in urine. . The day before ovulation, a change in the balance of hormones occurs. The second stripe is clearly visible. This way you can determine the moment of possible conception. The method is quite simple. It does not require women to follow the rules or extra effort. False result may be due to illness thyroid gland, reproductive system, adrenal glands. When pregnancy occurs. In other cases the result is 100%. Typically, such tests are used not to prevent pregnancy, but to determine the favorable moment of conception.

Ultrasonography

This method allows you to accurately determine the moment of ovulation. You will need to do 3-4 ultrasounds. The first study should be carried out 5-8 days after the start of menstruation. On the monitor, the specialist will see the location of the egg. 2 An ultrasound must be performed to determine its movement. Based on the data obtained, you can determine the moment of ovulation. 3-4 ultrasounds must be done to confirm the result. The accuracy is 100%. Couples who cannot conceive a child resort to this method. The doctor helps to identify a favorable moment.

To independently determine the date of ovulation, you need to listen to your own body, observe the discharge, and measure your basal temperature. Keep notes in a diary and analyze the situation.

The main task of a woman on Earth is considered to be procreation. Of course, both a woman and a man participate in the process of conception, but will a representative of the fairer sex endure a pregnancy, will she give birth? healthy child- depends only on herself. Ovulation is necessary for fertilization to occur. Ovulation and conception are two interrelated conditions, because in the absence of ovulation, fertilization is impossible. Signs of ovulation are almost always noticed by a woman (consciously or not), so knowing them is necessary not only for planning a long-awaited pregnancy, but also for preventing an unwanted one.

Menstrual cycle and its phases

To define the term “ovulation”, you should understand the concept of “menstrual cycle”.

During the menstrual cycle, functional and structural transformations successively occur in the female body, which affect not only the reproductive system, but also the rest (nervous, endocrine and others).

The formation of the menstrual cycle, which is physiological for female body, begins during puberty. The first menstruation or menarche occurs at the age of 12 - 14 years of girls and draws a line under the first period of puberty. The menstrual cycle is finally established after a year to a year and a half and is characterized by the regularity of menstrual bleeding and a relatively stable duration. During the specified time (1 - 1.5 years), the cycles of a teenage girl are anovulatory, that is, there is no ovulation, and the cycles themselves consist of two phases: follicular and luteal. Anovulation when a cycle begins is considered absolutely normal occurrence and is associated with insufficient production of hormones necessary for ovulation. By approximately 16 years of age, the menstrual cycle acquires its own individual characteristics, which persist throughout life and regular ovulation appears.

Physiology of the menstrual cycle

The average duration of the menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days. The duration of menstrual bleeding is 3–7 days. For most women, the total cycle length is 28 days (75% of the population).

It is customary to divide the menstrual cycle into two phases, the boundary between which is ovulation (in some sources a separate ovulatory phase is distinguished). All changes that occur periodically and are repeated approximately every month in a woman’s body, in particular in the reproductive system, are aimed at ensuring complete ovulation. If this process does not occur, the cycle is called anovulatory, and the woman is, accordingly, infertile.

Phases of the “female” cycle:

First phase

In the first phase (another name is follicular), the pituitary gland begins to produce follicle-stimulating hormone, under the influence of which the process of proliferation (maturation) of follicles or folliculogenesis starts in the ovaries. At the same time, over the course of one month, about 10–15 follicles begin to actively grow in the ovary (either in the right or in the left), which become proliferating or maturing. Maturing follicles, in turn, synthesize estrogens necessary for the final completion of the maturation process dominant follicle, that is, they are temporary glands. Under the influence of estrogen, the main (dominant) follicle forms a cavity around itself, which is filled with follicular fluid and where the egg “ripens”. As the dominant follicle grows and a cavity forms around it (now called the Graafian vesicle), follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogens accumulate in the follicular fluid. As soon as the process of maturation of the egg is completed, the dominant follicle sends a signal to the pituitary gland, and it stops producing FSH, as a result of which the Graafian vesicle ruptures and a mature, full-fledged egg is released into the “light.”

Second phase

So what is ovulation? The second phase (conventionally) is called ovulatory, that is, the period when the Graafian vesicle ruptures and the egg appears in the free space (in in this case in the abdominal cavity, often on the surface of the ovary). Ovulation is the process of direct release of an egg from the ovary. The rupture of the main follicle occurs under the “banner” of luteinizing hormone, which begins to be secreted by the pituitary gland after a signal is given to it by the follicle itself.

Third phase

This phase is called the luteal phase, as it occurs with the participation of luteinizing hormone. As soon as the follicle bursts and “releases” the egg, the corpus luteum begins to form from the granulosa cells of the Graafian vesicle. During the process of granulosa cell division and formation of the corpus luteum, progesterone begins to be synthesized along with the pituitary gland secreting LH. The corpus luteum and the production of progesterone are designed to preserve the egg in case of fertilization, ensure its implantation into the uterine wall and maintain pregnancy until the placenta is formed. The formation of the placenta is completed by approximately 16 weeks of pregnancy and one of its functions includes the synthesis of progesterone. So, if fertilization has occurred, then the corpus luteum is called yellow body pregnancy, and if the egg does not meet the sperm, then the corpus luteum undergoes reverse changes (involution) by the end of the cycle and disappears. In this case, it is called the corpus luteum of menstruation.

All the described changes affect only the ovaries and are therefore called the ovarian cycle.

Uterine cycle

Speaking about the physiology of the menstrual cycle and the ovulation cycle, it should be noted structural changes, which occur in the uterus under the influence of certain hormones:

Desquamation phase

The first day of the menstrual cycle is considered to be the first day of menstruation. Menstruation represents the rejection of the overgrown functional layer of the uterine mucosa, which was ready to receive (implant) a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, then desquamation of the uterine mucosa occurs along with blood - menstrual bleeding.

Regeneration phase

Follows the desquamation phase and is accompanied by restoration of the functional layer with the help of reserve epithelium. This phase begins during bleeding (at the same time the epithelium is rejected and restored) and ends on the 6th day of the cycle.

Proliferation phase

It is characterized by the proliferation of stroma and glands and coincides in time with the follicular phase. With a 28-day cycle, it lasts up to 14 days and ends when the follicle matures and is ready to rupture.

Secretion phase

The secretory phase corresponds to the phase of the corpus luteum. At this stage, thickening and loosening of the functional layer of the uterine mucosa occurs, which is necessary for the successful introduction of a fertilized egg into its thickness (implantation).

Signs of ovulation

Knowing its signs will help determine the day of ovulation, for which you need to pay great attention to your body. Of course, ovulation cannot always be suspected, because its manifestations are very subjective and sometimes go unnoticed by a woman. But the changes hormonal levels, occurring every month, allow you to “calculate” and remember the sensations during ovulation and compare them with those that occur again.

Subjective signs

Subjective signs of ovulation include those that the woman herself feels and which only she can tell about. Another name for subjective signs is sensations:

Stomach ache

One of the first signs of ovulation is pain in the lower abdomen. On the eve of follicle rupture, a woman may feel, but not necessarily, a slight tingling sensation in the lower parts abdomen, usually on the right or left. This indicates a maximally enlarged and tense dominant follicle, which is about to burst. After its rupture, a small wound, a few millimeters in size, remains on the lining of the ovary, which also bothers the woman. This is manifested by minor aching or nagging pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen. Such sensations disappear after a couple of days, but if the pain does not go away or is so acute that it disrupts your usual way of life, you should consult a doctor (ovarian apoplexy is possible).

Mammary gland

There may be pain or increased sensitivity in the mammary glands, which is associated with hormonal changes. The production of FSH stops and the synthesis of LH begins, which is reflected in the chest. It becomes swollen and rough and becomes very sensitive to touch.

Libido

Another characteristic subjective sign of approaching and occurring ovulation is increased libido ( sexual desire), which is also due hormonal changes. It is so predetermined by nature that it ensures procreation - since the egg is ready for fertilization, it means that sexual desire needs to be strengthened to increase the likelihood of sexual intercourse and subsequent pregnancy.

Increased sensations

On the eve and during the period of ovulation, a woman notes an aggravation of all sensations ( increased sensitivity to smells, changes in color perception and taste), which is also explained by hormonal changes. Emotional lability and sudden changes in mood (from irritability to joy, from tears to laughter) cannot be ruled out.

Objective signs

Objective signs (symptoms of ovulation) are those that are seen by the examining person, for example, a doctor:

Cervix

During a gynecological examination during the ovulatory phase, the doctor may note that the cervix has softened somewhat, the cervical canal has opened slightly, and the cervix itself has risen upward.

Edema

Swelling of the extremities, most often the legs, indicates a change in the production of FSH to the production of LH and is visible not only to the woman herself, but also to her relatives and the doctor.

Discharge

During ovulation they change their character and vaginal discharge. If in the first phase of the cycle a woman does not notice spots on her underwear, which is due to a thick plug that clogs the cervical canal and prevents infectious agents from entering the uterine cavity, then during the ovulatory stage the discharge changes. The mucus in the cervical canal dilutes and becomes viscous and viscous, which is necessary to facilitate the penetration of sperm into the uterine cavity. By appearance cervical mucus resembles egg white, stretches up to 7–10 cm and leaves noticeable stains on laundry.

Blood in the discharge

Another characteristic objective, but optional, sign of ovulation. Blood in the discharge appears in very small quantities, so the woman may not notice this symptom. One or two drops of blood enter the fallopian tube, then into the uterus and into the cervical canal after the dominant follicle ruptures. Rupture of the follicle is always accompanied by damage to the tunica albuginea of ​​the ovary and the release of a small amount of blood into the abdominal cavity.

Basal temperature

This symptom can only be identified by a woman who regularly keeps a basal temperature chart. On the eve of ovulation, a slight (0.1 - 0.2 degrees) drop in temperature occurs, and during the rupture of the follicle and after the temperature rises and remains above 37 degrees.

Ultrasound data

An increase in the size of the dominant follicle and its subsequent rupture are reliably determined using ultrasound.

After ovulation

Some women, especially those who use the calendar method of birth control, are interested in symptoms after ovulation has occurred. In this way, women calculate “safe” days regarding unwanted pregnancy. These signs are very uncharacteristic and may coincide with early symptoms pregnancy:

Vaginal discharge

As soon as the egg is released from the main follicle and dies (its lifespan is 24, maximum 48 hours), the discharge from the genital tract also changes. Vaginal leucorrhoea loses its transparency, becomes milky, possibly interspersed with small lumps, sticky and does not stretch well (see).

Pain

Within one to two days after ovulation, discomfort and minor pain in the lower abdomen disappear.

Libido

Sexual desire gradually fades away, since now there is no point for sperm to meet with the egg, it has already died.

Basal temperature

If at the moment of rupture of the Graafian bubble basal temperature significantly above 37 degrees, then after ovulation it decreases by several tenths of a degree, although it remains above 37 degrees. This sign unreliable, since even if conception occurs, the basal temperature will be above 37 degrees. The only difference is that by the end of the second phase (before the start of menstruation), the temperature will drop to 37 degrees or below.

Acne

On the eve and at the moment of ovulation, hormonal changes occur in the body, which affects the condition of the facial skin - appears acne. Once ovulation is complete, the rash gradually disappears.

Ultrasound data

An ultrasound can reveal the dominant follicle that has collapsed due to rupture, a small amount of fluid in the retrouterine space, and the later forming corpus luteum. Ultrasound data are most indicative in the case of dynamic research (maturation of follicles, determination of the dominant follicle and its subsequent rupture).

Signs of conception

Before talking about the signs of pregnancy after ovulation, it is worth understanding the terms “fertilization” and “conception.” Fertilization, that is, the meeting of the egg with the sperm, occurs in the fallopian tube, from where the fertilized egg is sent to the uterus. In the uterine cavity, the fertilized egg chooses the most convenient place and attaches to the uterine wall, that is, it is implanted. After implantation has occurred, a close connection is established between the maternal body and the zygote (future embryo), which is supported by changes hormonal levels. The process of securely fixing the zygote in the uterine cavity is called conception. That is, if fertilization has taken place, but implantation has not yet occurred, this is not called pregnancy, and some sources indicate a term such as “biological pregnancy.” Until the zygote is firmly established in the thickness of the endometrium, it can be expelled from the uterus simultaneously with menstrual flow, which is called a very early miscarriage or termination of biological pregnancy.

Signs of conception are very difficult to determine, especially for an inexperienced woman, and appear approximately 10 to 14 days after ovulation:

Basal temperature

During a possible pregnancy, the basal temperature remains at a high level, about 37.5 degrees, and does not decrease before the expected menstruation.

Implantation retraction

If in the second phase of the cycle after ovulation the basal temperature remains elevated (more than 37) almost until the onset of menstruation, then at the moment the zygote implants into the uterine mucosa, it slightly decreases, which is called implantation retraction. Such a drop is characterized by a mark below 37 degrees, and the next day by a sharp jump in temperature (more than 37 and higher than it was after ovulation).

Implantation bleeding

When a fertilized egg tries to settle in the thickness of the uterine mucosa, it somewhat destroys it and damages nearby small vessels. Therefore, the implantation process, but not necessarily, is accompanied by small bloody discharge, which can be noticed in the form of pinkish spots on the underwear, or one or two drops of blood.

Change in well-being

From the moment of implantation, a shift in hormonal levels occurs, which is manifested by lethargy, apathy, possibly irritability and tearfulness, increased appetite, changes in taste and olfactory sensations. Also on early stages During pregnancy, a slightly elevated body temperature can be noted, which is associated with the influence of hormones (progesterone) on the thermoregulation center. This phenomenon is absolutely normal for pregnancy and is aimed at suppressing the mother’s body’s immunity and preventing miscarriage. Many women take a rise in temperature and deterioration in well-being as the first signs of ARVI.

Discomfort in the lower abdomen

Some discomfort or even cramps in the lower abdomen for one, maximum two days are also associated with the implantation of the zygote and are absolutely physiological.

Mammary gland

Increased sensitivity, swelling and soreness in the mammary glands persists after ovulation. The possibility of conception is indicated by a slight increase in these symptoms.

Delayed menstruation

If menstruation has not started, it’s time to take a pregnancy test and make sure you’re right.

When does ovulation occur and how long does it last?

All women are interested in when ovulation occurs, because this is important for calculating favorable days for conception or for preventing unwanted pregnancy. As already indicated, the ovulatory period is the time that lasts from the moment the main follicle ruptures until a full-fledged egg enters the fallopian tube, where it has every chance of being fertilized.

It is impossible to determine the exact duration of the ovulatory period, due to the fact that even for a particular woman it can change in each cycle (lengthen or shorten). On average, the entire process takes 16 – 32 hours. It is the process, not the viability of the egg. But the lifespan of a released egg is simpler, and this time is 12 – 48 hours.

But if the lifespan of an egg is quite short, then sperm, on the contrary, remain active for up to 7 days. That is, if sexual intercourse took place on the eve of ovulation (a day or two before), then it is quite possible for the “fresh” egg to be fertilized by sperm that were “waiting” for it in the tube and have not lost their activity at all. It is on this fact that the calendar method of protection is based, that is, the calculation dangerous days(3 days before ovulation and 3 days after).

When it comes

A simple calculation will help determine the days of ovulation, but approximately. Ovulation occurs at the end of the first phase of the cycle (follicular). To know on what day a certain woman ovulates, she needs to know the duration of her cycle (we are talking about regular cycles).

The duration of the follicular phase is different for everyone and ranges from 10 to 18 days. But the duration of the second phase is always the same for all women and corresponds to 14 days. To determine ovulation, it is enough to subtract 14 days from the entire length of the menstrual cycle. As a result, it turns out that if the cycle lasts 28 days (minus 14), we get the 14th day of the cycle, which will mean the approximate day the egg is released from the follicle.

Or the cycle lasts 32 days, minus 14 - we get the approximate 18th day of the cycle - the day of ovulation. Why, when talking about such a simple calculation, is it called approximate? Because the menstrual cycle, and especially the ongoing ovulation, are very sensitive processes and depend on many factors. For example, ovulation may occur prematurely (early) or late (late).

The onset of early rupture of the follicle and release of the egg can be triggered by the following factors:

• significant stress;
• lifting weights;
• significant sports loads;
• frequent coitus;
• hazardous production;
• a common cold;
• change in climate, lifestyle or diet;
• excessive smoking or drinking alcohol;
• sleep disturbance;
• hormonal imbalance;
• taking medications.

ABOUT late ovulation they say if it happens (with a 28-day cycle) on the 18th - 20th day. The reasons for this process are the same as the factors that provoke the early rupture of the main follicle.

How to calculate ovulation

All women need to know how to calculate ovulation, especially those who have tried for a long time and unsuccessfully to get pregnant. For this purpose, there are several developed methods for determining ovulation. All methods can be conditionally divided into “biological” and “official”, that is, laboratory and instrumental.

Calendar method

• cycle duration (it should not be too short, for example, 21 days and not very long, 35 days) – optimal duration is 28 – 30 days;
• regularity - ideally, menstruation should come “day after day”, but a deviation of +/- 2 days is allowed;
• character menstrual flow– menstruation should be moderate, without clots and no more than 5–6 days, and the nature of the discharge should not change from cycle to cycle.

We subtract 14 from the length of the cycle (the length of the luteal phase) and conditionally take the day of ovulation (it can shift). We mark the calculated date on the calendar and add 2 days to 2 days after - these days are also considered favorable for fertilization.

Basal temperature

A more reliable method is the method of calculating ovulation using a basal temperature chart. To calculate favorable days for conception, the following conditions must be met:

• measurement of basal, that is, in the rectum, temperature for at least three months;
• drawing up a schedule (this item is required) of basal temperature;
• measurements should be taken in the morning, after a night's sleep, at same time and without getting out of bed.

According to the compiled schedule, we mark the first phase of the cycle, during which the temperature will remain below 37 degrees, then a pre-ovulatory decrease during the day (by 0.1 - 0.2 degrees), a sharp rise in temperature (by 0.4 - 0.5 degrees) and subsequent temperature stay above 37 degrees (second phase). Sudden jump and will be considered the day the egg leaves the Graafian vesicle. We mark this day on the calendar and also do not forget about 2 days before 2 days after.

Tests to determine ovulation

Special tests for identifying the ovulatory process can be easily purchased at any pharmacy (see). The tests are based on identifying high level luteinizing hormone in any biological fluid(blood, urine or saliva). A positive test indicates the release of a mature egg from the ovary and its readiness for conception.

Gynecological examination

When conducting a gynecological examination, the doctor can quite reliably identify signs of ovulation using tests functional diagnostics. The first is a method for determining the distensibility of cervical mucus. The forceps captures mucus from the external pharynx of the cervix, and then its branches are separated. If the mucus is viscous and the separation of the jaws reaches 10 cm or more, this is considered one of the symptoms of ovulation. The second is the “pupil method”. Expanding mucus in cervical canal stretches it, including the external pharynx, and it becomes slightly open and round, like a pupil. If the external pharynx is narrowed and there is practically no mucus in it (“dry” neck), then this indicates the absence of ovulation (it has already passed).

Ultrasound – follicle measurement

This method allows you to determine with a 100% guarantee whether ovulation has occurred or not. In addition, using ultrasound folliculometry, you can create your own menstrual cycle schedule and ovulation calendar and find out whether it is approaching or completed. Characteristic ultrasound signs of upcoming ovulation:

• growth of the main follicle plus expansion of the cervical canal;
• identification of the main follicle that is ready to rupture;
• control of the corpus luteum, which forms at the site of the burst follicle, detection of fluid in the retrouterine space, which indicates ovulation has occurred.

Hormonal method

This method is based on determining the amount of estrogen and progesterone in the blood. The latter begins to be released in the second phase of the cycle, when the resulting corpus luteum begins to function. About 7 days after the egg is released from the ovary, progesterone in the blood increases, which confirms that ovulation has occurred. And the day before and on the day of ovulation, estrogen levels decrease significantly. The method is labor-intensive and requires repeated blood donations and finances.

Lack of ovulation

If there is no ovulation, similar phenomenon called anovulation. It is clear that in the absence of ovulation, pregnancy becomes impossible. It should be noted that healthy woman childbearing age Up to two to three anovulatory cycles per year are observed, which is considered normal. But if there is no ovulation all the time, then they talk about chronic anovulation and you should look for the reasons this state, since the woman is diagnosed with “Infertility”. Causes of chronic anovulation include:

• thyroid diseases;
• overweight or obesity;
• polycystic ovary disease;
• diabetes;
• lack of weight;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• ovarian dysfunction;
• chronic inflammation of the ovaries;
• endometriosis of the ovaries and uterus (hormonal imbalance in general);
• constant stress;
• excessive physical exercise(sports, household);
• harmful working conditions;
• pathology of the adrenal glands;
• tumors of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus and other pathologies.

The following factors can lead to temporary (transient) anovulation:

• pregnancy, which is natural, no menstrual cycle, no ovulation;
• breastfeeding (most often during lactation there are no menstruation, but there may be, but the cycle is usually anovulatory);
• premenopause (ovarian function is fading, so the cycles will be anovulatory rather than ovulatory);
• taking contraceptive pills;
• stress;
• following a specific diet for weight loss;
• increase in body weight or its sharp decrease;
• change of usual environment;
• climate change;
• change of usual working conditions.

If there is no ovulation, what should you do? First of all, you should consult a doctor who will determine what caused this condition and how serious it is (chronic or temporary anovulation). If anovulation is temporary, the doctor will recommend adjusting your diet, stopping worrying and avoiding stress, changing your job (for example, one involving night shifts to day shifts), and taking vitamins.

In case of chronic anovulation, the gynecologist will definitely prescribe additional examination:

• sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone, FSH and LH) and adrenal and thyroid hormones;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• colposcopy (according to indications);
• hysteroscopy (according to indications);
• diagnostic laparoscopy.

Depending on the identified cause, appropriate treatment is prescribed, the final stage of which is stimulation of ovulation. Basically, clostilbegit or clomiphene are used to stimulate ovulation, usually in combination with gonadotropic hormones (Menopur, Gonal-F). Ovulation stimulation is carried out during three menstrual cycles, and if there is no effect, the stimulation cycle is repeated after three cycles.

Question answer

Yes, such online calendars are quite suitable for calculating ovulation days, but their effectiveness reaches only 30%, which is based on the calendar method for determining ovulation.

Question:
At irregular cycle Will there be chronic anovulation?

Yes, irregular cycles are more often anovulatory, although this is controversial. Even if your periods “jump” every month, ovulation may occur, but, as a rule, not in the middle of the cycle, but at the beginning or end.

This method is unreliable and has not been scientifically confirmed, but there is a hypothesis that “female” sperm, that is, those that contain the X chromosome, are more tenacious, but slower. Therefore, in order to give birth to a girl, it is necessary to have sexual intercourse two to three days before expected ovulation. It is during this time that the slow X sperm will reach the released egg and fertilize it. If you have sexual intercourse at the peak of ovulation, then the fast “male” sperm will outstrip the female ones and you will have a boy.

I repeat, the method is unreliable. Sperm containing the Y chromosome or “male” are more nimble and mobile, but are very sensitive to the acidic environment in the vagina, so sexual intercourse should take place on the day of ovulation, which must be confirmed by ultrasound. “Male” sperm, despite their activity, die very quickly, but if coitus took place on the day of ovulation, their death will not yet occur, and “male” sperm will reach the egg faster than “female” ones and fertilize it.

Question:
I play professional sports. Could this cause a lack of ovulation?

Certainly. Professional sports loads are very significant, which not only leads to persistent anovulation, but also to disruptions in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-ovarian system. Therefore, you have to choose, either professional sports and fame, or the birth of a child.

Problems with conception are quite common today, and this also applies to absolutely healthy young couples.

This can be caused by stress, strong emotional disturbances, a sedentary lifestyle, bad habits, excess weight and many other factors.

Even poor nutrition may cause long-awaited pregnancy it never comes. If a man consumes few foods containing zinc, selenium and chromium, the activity of his sperm drops sharply, they lose viability, and overall quality sperm deteriorates.

If the spouses are healthy, they do not have chronic diseases, then the method of determining ovulation can help speed up conception. Determining the most favorable day for fertilization has long been used in IVF clinics and reproduction centers, but this does not mean that a woman cannot independently calculate the day of ovulation.

Ovulation is the release of mature eggs from the follicle into the cavity fallopian tube. This is where fertilization occurs if the sperm reaches its goal. It is important to understand that the lifespan of an egg outside the ovaries is no more than 24 hours, so women who want to get pregnant should not miss this opportunity.

Ovulation occurs only once a month, however, there are cases when eggs come out of the follicles only 8–10 times per year instead of the required twelve. Most often, this occurs in women with an inconsistent menstrual cycle, as well as disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system.

All girls and women who are sexually active and cannot get pregnant within a year are recommended by gynecologists to keep an ovulation calendar, which allows, even with an error, to calculate the day of conception. This will help determine favorable days for conception and prepare for pregnancy in advance (3-4 days before expected ovulation you should stop eating intimacy and follow a special diet).

There are many methods to determine the day of ovulation. They all have their pros and cons, so you shouldn’t stop at just one. After all, the more accurate the result obtained, the more likely onset of pregnancy. So, on what day does ovulation occur?

How to calculate the day of ovulation if you have a regular cycle

Last period method

This method allows you to determine on what day after menstruation ovulation occurs. This is the simplest, but at the same time the most unreliable method determination of ovulation.

The day of expected menstruation is 14 days = ovulation.

In order to determine the expected day of the onset of menstruation, you need to add to the first day of the last menstruation average duration cycle (from 27 to 37 days). Subtract 14 days from the resulting date - this will be the estimated date of ovulation.

28 days – cycle duration

Total: March 15 is the expected day of thinning of the ovarian walls and the release of mature eggs, that is, ovulation.

Calendar method for determining a favorable day for conception

A slightly more accurate way to determine exactly when the period favorable for conception will occur. To do this, you need to know all the cyclic dates for the last six months, or even better - for the year. Next, you need to make calculations using the following algorithm:

• Determine the duration of the longest and shortest cycles.
• Subtract 18 from the shortest one. The resulting figure will be the date of the beginning of the fertile (favorable) period.
• Subtract 11 from the longest one. The resulting figure will be the end date of the fertile period.
• The interval between these values ​​is the period when the probability of conception increases by 50–70%.

The described methods are effective only under one condition - the menstrual cycle is constant, and the woman monitors its duration (knows exactly the start and end dates of menstruation) for at least 6 months.

If your cycle is inconsistent, you can determine ovulation using other methods.

With an irregular cycle

Basal temperature measurement

- this is the most low temperature human body, which is measured during rest. You need to measure it in the morning, before getting out of bed. The most optimal method is to measure the temperature in the rectum ( anus), although you can insert the thermometer into oral cavity(under the tongue) or in the vagina.

Measurements must be carried out for at least three months. This is important for the reliability of the data obtained and the accuracy of the graph. The data should be recorded in a special notebook, preferably so that you can clearly record the curve of the rise and fall of the values.

The thermometer should be held for at least 5 minutes, and measurements should begin on day 1 of the cycle.

How to decipher the result?

• During menstruation, the temperature will be quite high, after which it will decline (this usually happens towards the middle of the cycle).
• At the moment of ovulation basal values temperatures rise sharply by 0.2–0.6 degrees. Such values ​​can last up to two weeks.
• Before the next monthly period, the thermometer will drop again.

The lowest temperature values ​​recorded before the next increase will be considered ovulation.

Ovulation tests - help you get pregnant

The most popular and fairly reliable method for determining ovulation.

The principle of operation of these tests is similar to similar strips for determining pregnancy, which are used when there is a delay to confirm or exclude the possibility of pregnancy.

The only difference is that ovulation test strips determine the content of LH (luteinizing hormone) in the urine, which reaches its maximum concentration 24 hours before the eggs leave the follicle cavity.

These tests must be carried out every day during the fertile period - this is the only way the accuracy of the result will be close to 98%.

Saliva testing: the “fern” method

At the time of ovulation, the amount increases female hormones– estrogens. Under their influence, the composition of the salivary secretion changes, in which the level of sodium chloride (salt) almost doubles. If you apply such saliva to glass on the day of ovulation, then as it dries, you will see a pattern similar to fern leaves. Small salt crystals form on the surface of the glass - this picture can be observed 72 hours before and after ovulation.

There are special devices on sale for carrying out such testing. They are convenient and easy to use, and the accuracy of the results obtained ranges from 90 to 96–97%.

Ultrasound monitoring

The most reliable method that allows you to accurately calculate the day of ovulation to increase the likelihood of conception. Ultrasound monitoring (folliculogram) is a dynamic observation of the growth and maturation of follicles and the expulsion of eggs.

This study is called monitoring, as observation is carried out over time. This means that the frequency of examination using a transvaginal sensor is every day for the period necessary to establish a diagnosis or confirm the fact of ovulation.

This method is used in the treatment of infertility and IVF, since only with the help of a sensor can one assess the condition of the organs of the female reproductive system and determine whether positive dynamics occur in response to the therapy carried out within the framework of artificial stimulation ovulation.

Constant monitoring is also necessary for polycystic ovary syndrome, and in some cases with this disease, the study can be carried out for 3 months in a row (with two-week breaks).

What can be assessed using ultrasound monitoring:

• growth and maturation of the dominant follicle on the eve of ovulation;
• the appearance of free fluid after ovulation;
• destruction of the walls of the main follicle;
• formation of the corpus luteum at the site of maturation of the dominant follicle.

For the first time, the patient should come for the study on the 6th day of the cycle; in the future, the procedure will be repeated every day until ovulation occurs. A control ultrasound should be performed no later than 3 days after the date of release of the eggs from the cavity of the dominant follicle.

Among the listed methods for determining ovulation, there are none that would 100% guarantee an accurate result. Even during ultrasound monitoring, small errors are possible, since there is a human factor, and the possibility of error cannot be completely eliminated. However, using these methods, you can increase the chances of a successful conception by at least half, so you definitely shouldn’t neglect them.

In this work you can find the answer to the most common question of girls dreaming of having a child: how to recognize ovulation? There are times when a couple has quite active sex, but the long-awaited result still does not come. What to do in this situation? Of course, you can sign up for quite expensive procedures and try to find out the reason there. But maybe it's because you're just having sex at the wrong time?

As you know, conception is possible only at the moment the egg leaves the follicle. This process is commonly called ovulation. Today we will talk about how to recognize ovulation not only with the help of specialists, but also independently, at home.

When is fertilization possible?

Before we look at everything possible methods, we suggest you get to know a little about the process of fertilization of an egg and the process of ovulation. It is also important to point out that the question of how to recognize ovulation also plagues those women who seek to avoid pregnancy.

In order to answer main question, you need to get to know a little female physiology. Ovulation occurs almost every month if the girl is of reproductive age and healthy. As a rule, the probability of pregnancy is only about two days a month. These days fall in the middle of the menstrual cycle. Here are some approximate calculations:

• 28-day cycle - ovulation occurs on the 12th day;
• 35-day cycle - on the 17th day.

It should be taken into account that everyone’s body is individual, you need to listen carefully to your body, then you will not be able to miss the moment of ovulation.

What is this?

Now we will tell you a little about what ovulation is. This concept is very important for girls who dream of getting pregnant. The ovulation process has great importance when planning pregnancy. After all, if it does not happen, then pregnancy is impossible.

To put it briefly and accessible language, then ovulation is the process of an egg leaving the follicle that is fully mature and ready for fertilization. It lasts only a couple of minutes; as soon as the mature egg enters the abdominal cavity, the ovulation process is considered complete.

Even in prenatal development, girls lay eggs; there are about a million of them. Until puberty, the eggs remain dormant. However, some of them die without waiting to emerge from the follicle. By the time of her first menstruation, a girl has about 300 thousand follicles. Of this number, only about 500 ovulate during the entire reproductive period.

In order to answer the question of how to recognize ovulation, it is necessary to clarify the fact that ovulation may not occur every month. However, there are cases when several follicles mature and burst at once. If this happens, then a multiple pregnancy is possible.

Methods

From this part of the article you can learn how to recognize ovulation on your own or with the help of specialists. There are several methods in total:

• ultrasound diagnostics;
• blood analysis;
• rapid test;
• listen to feelings;
• observe vaginal discharge;
• construction method

The most accurate result will be one confirmed by several methods for recognizing ovulation. However, some of them can take a big toll on your wallet. For example, if you go for an ultrasound every day or use rapid tests. Most correct option- calculate approximate days ovulation using the calendar method, confirm or refute your calculations using a test strip.

Ultrasound

In this section you will learn how to recognize ovulation by ultrasound. Ultrasound examination is carried out in a number of cases, from determining the cause of an irregular cycle to diagnosing infertility.

A gynecologist may prescribe an ultrasound to track ovulation if there are the following problems:

• painful periods;
• their absence;
• when stimulating egg maturation;
• in the treatment or diagnosis of infertility;
• if a woman is preparing for an IVF procedure;
• at bad results hormone tests;
• if a woman is planning a pregnancy after an abortion, miscarriage, etc.;
• for the selection of contraceptives.

Many people are interested in the question: how is ultrasound performed to determine ovulation? There are three methods of examination:

• transvaginal;
• transrectal;
• transabdominal.

The first two methods are internal, the last is external. The most common option is transvaginal. The transrectal method is used to study virgins, and the transabdominal method is used to study pregnant women.

It has already been mentioned that the transvaginal method is most widespread. During the procedure, a sensor is inserted directly into the vagina. An ultrasound examination using this method takes no more than 30 minutes, and the woman does not experience any pain during this process.

The advantage of this examination is that you do not need to prepare for it at all. Need to shower and defecate bladder. You need to take a regular condom with you.

Blood analysis

How does approaching ovulation manifest itself? How to recognize it using laboratory method? In this section you will find out the answers to these questions.

As you know, the menstrual cycle is impossible without the participation of many hormones. The main ones are: FSH, LH, progesterone. Let's tell you a little more about each of them.

Follicle stimulating hormone, also called FSH, promotes the maturation of follicles that are located in the ovaries. If the hormone content exceeds maximum rate, then the follicle simply ruptures, thus releasing the egg. At this moment, ovulation occurs. Then the concentration gradually decreases.

Next on our list was luteinizing hormone. This is what the rapid ovulation test is trying to identify. It is important to know that the day before ovulation the amount of this hormone increases approximately tenfold. If you decide to take a blood test for hormones to determine ovulation, you also need to know that it is important not only its presence in the blood, but also its ratio with FSH. This ratio should be approximately this: LH:FSH = 1.5:2.0. With a regular cycle, this analysis must be done on the 3-8th and 19-21st days of the cycle. FSH is also given on the same days. If the cycle is irregular, then ovulation must be monitored by taking a test daily from the 8th to the 18th day of the cycle.

The last thing we noted was progesterone. It is also called the pregnancy hormone. It received this name for a reason, the whole point is that progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum and protects the embryo from miscarriage. Its deficiency can cause infertility.

This method of determining ovulation helps not only to determine the exact day of its onset, but also to identify hormonal imbalance. It is better to combine a blood test for hormones with ultrasound examination, so the result will be more accurate.

Now we propose to identify the pros and cons of this method. This information can be obtained from the table below.

Test strips

Now we will discuss another method. How to recognize ovulation with an irregular cycle? In fact, this is not so easy to do. You can spend a lot of time and money, go to the clinic for long studies. Regularly undergo ultrasound examinations, blood tests, and so on. There is a less expensive way.

Girls often use rapid tests to determine pregnancy, but few people know that there are similar test strips for determining ovulation. The advantage of this method is that you can carry out the test at home, on your own, and there are no significant material costs.

Prices for these express tests vary from 30 rubles to 1.5 thousand. The probability is quite high, approximately 90%.

Now a little about the method of application. First you need to decide on the day. If you have a regular cycle, subtract the number "17" from its length, then you will get the day of the cycle on which you need to test. With an irregular cycle, you need to take the length of the shortest one for the last half of the year and also subtract 17.

• do not drink for 4 hours before the test;
• refrain from going to the toilet 2 hours before;
• follow the instructions specifically for your test;
• do not use morning urine;
• for a more accurate result, perform 2-3 times a day (most the right time- from 10 am to 10 pm).

Feel

In this section you will learn how to recognize ovulation by sensations. It is important to understand that you will not be able to feel the process of tearing the follicle. The reason lies in the fact that he does not have nerve endings. But the egg begins to move along fallopian tubes as a result of their contractions, which can affect the physical and emotional state.

So, how to recognize ovulation by sensation? The following symptoms may appear:

• slight pain in the ovarian area, it can have a different character (aching, cutting, stabbing, cramping, etc.), it lasts for 1-2 days;
• pain after ovulation (this may indicate inflammatory processes, you need to make an appointment with a gynecologist);
• the day before ovulation, a girl may be in a very good emotional state;
• sexual activity increases;
• Your mood improves and you feel more confident.

It should be noted here that each organism is individual, the signs may be different. In order to determine ovulation, you need to listen carefully to your body.

Discharge

In this section we will tell you how to recognize ovulation by discharge. It is important for all girls to know that the cervix secretes special mucus, which helps sperm survive and move through the reproductive tract. If a girl is attentive to her body, then she knows how to recognize ovulation by the discharge.

First after menstruation is coming the so-called dry period. During this period of time there is practically no discharge, as there is a low level of estrogen. There may be discharge, but it is very thick, this is necessary for the formation of a cervical plug. It is needed to prevent any infection or sperm from entering the uterus.

Just before ovulation day, estrogen levels begin to rise and cervical mucus becomes thinner and stickier. After this, it acquires a creamy texture. Such discharge is considered normal if certain conditions are met:

• the discharge resembles jelly and is transparent in color;
• they are observed in small numbers;
• have no odor;
• do not have a bad effect on the skin;
• no itching;
• no pain;
• No elevated temperature bodies.

As the egg matures, the nature of the cervical discharge changes. One day and up to 2 days after ovulation, they acquire a consistency similar to raw egg white. Don’t worry if the discharge becomes very heavy, this is considered normal.

It is also necessary to clarify that the nature of the discharge and its duration are individual for everyone.

Calendar method

Now we will share another method on how to recognize ovulation without a test. Previously, a regular calendar was used for these purposes. The essence of the method is as follows: be sure to mark every day of menstruation for long period time. For a more accurate result, it is usually analyzed from 6 months to a year.

It is also important to point out that the probability of determining exact day ovulation using the calendar method is very small. How it works? Record the start dates of the last 12 menstruation, then apply the Ogino-Knaus method. First formula: A = B - 18; second formula: C = D - 11. A is the beginning of the period favorable for conception, B is the duration short cycle, C - end of the favorable period, D - duration of the longest cycle.

Basal temperature measurement

In this part of the article, you will learn how to recognize the day of ovulation using paper, a pen and a regular thermometer. This method is more accurate relative to the calendar method. In order to calculate the day of ovulation, it is necessary to analyze the schedule of at least 3 cycles.

For these purposes, basal temperature is measured using one of the following methods:

• in the oral cavity;
• in the rectum;
• in the vagina.

Since temperature must be measured every day (even during menstruation), the most the best option is the measurement in the rectum.

To calculate, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• measure temperature daily;
• if you use oral method, then the thermometer should be kept under the tongue for at least 5 minutes, while pressing the lips tightly;
• if you use the vaginal or rectal method, you need to insert about 3 centimeters and measure the temperature for 4 minutes;
• always use the same thermometer;
• you need to measure your temperature in the morning without getting out of bed;
• record the obtained result in a special chart.

Reading the graph

IN previous section you learned how to recognize ovulation at home using a thermometer. Now a little about how to read the resulting graph.

From the first day of menstruation, the basal temperature is high; in the middle of the cycle it decreases. It is necessary to look for ovulation around this period. It can be recognized by a jump from 0.2 to 0.6 degrees. After this drop, the temperature will remain at this level for up to 2 weeks. On the eve of menstruation, the temperature drops. The day of ovulation is considered to be the day when the basal temperature is lowest before the jump.

Now you can easily predict the day of ovulation. The most favorable period for conception is two days before the jump and the day after it.