Superficial gastritis of the antrum of the stomach. Antral gastritis: what is it? Chronic gastritis of the antrum

Antral superficial gastritis- This is one of the forms of chronic gastritis. It is characterized by atrophy and inflammation of cells in the antrum of the gastric mucosa. This article will discuss the main causes and symptoms of this disease, as well as methods of its treatment.

Reasons for development

In 90% of cases, the disease is caused by a bacterium Helicobacter pylori. This is the only bacterium that can exist in the acidic environment of the stomach.

In addition to Helicobacter pylori infection, this disease can be triggered by the following factors:

1. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs medicines, such as:
   • Aspirin;
   • Diclofenac;
   • Paracetamol;
   • Indomethacin;
   • Nimesil;
   • Ibuprofen.
2. Systemic consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking.
3. Abuse of fatty, fried and spicy foods.

Symptoms of antral superficial gastritis can develop after eating or occur on an empty stomach. The course of the disease is chronic. Periods of exacerbation alternate with periods of remission.

Most often, exacerbation develops in autumn and spring. It can be caused by poor diet and consumption of alcoholic beverages.

The main symptoms of chronic superficial gastritis of the antrum include the following clinical manifestations:

• Pain in epigastric region, “in the pit of the stomach,” which occurs after eating and on an empty stomach. The pain is aching in nature.
• Stomach bloating. Patients, describing this symptom, say that it seems to them that their stomach has become like an “inflated balloon.”
• Nausea and vomiting occur at the peak of pain. Vomiting may provide temporary relief.
• Flatulence. Increased gas formation occurs due to impaired digestion of food in the stomach.
• Heartburn occurs on an empty stomach. She's called increased acidity gastric juice.

Treatment of antral atrophic gastritis is impossible without a complete laboratory and instrumental diagnostics which will help not only make a diagnosis, but also identify the cause inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa, as well as its prevalence and severity.

The main diagnostic methods include:

1. General blood analysis. It is carried out to identify the inflammatory process in the body.
2. Gastroscopy. This diagnostic method allows the doctor to assess the condition of the gastric mucosa and exclude the presence of ulcers and tumors. When performing a gastroscopy, the doctor takes pieces of the mucous membrane for a biopsy and to identify Helicobacter pylori infection.
3. Breath test for Helicobacter Pylori. It is a modern informative and non-invasive way to detect this infection. The patient needs to drink the reagent, and after half an hour, simply breathe into the tube, and the result will appear on the monitor.

Basic methods and methods of therapy

Treatment of antral chronic gastritis is carried out at home. The doctor, after receiving the examination results, describes the treatment in detail. The success of therapy depends on the patient’s consciousness, his desire to get better and on his diligent daily compliance with the gastroenterologist’s instructions.

Treatment chronic inflammation in the antrum of the stomach consists of:

• therapeutic diet;
• adherence to diet;
• drug therapy.

Nutritional Features

Diet is an important component therapy. Below are its basic rules:

1. You need to eat at least 5 times a day, at the same time of day.
2. The break between meals should not be more than 3 hours.
3. Food and drink should be at room temperature. Hot and cold foods will irritate the mucous membrane.
4. During treatment, you must stop drinking alcohol and smoking.
5. It is necessary to avoid fried, spicy, salty, fatty and smoked foods, sour fruits and vegetables, carbonated drinks, and juices.
6. Dishes should be steamed, oven-baked or boiled.
7. Every day you need to drink 1.5 - 2 liters of liquid. It could be sweet tea, compote, still water. Once a day you are allowed to drink a cup of sweet coffee with milk.

Treatment of antral gastritis is impossible without proper drug therapy. It is prescribed exclusively by a gastroenterologist.

Its action is aimed at eliminating symptoms and destroying infection.

The following drugs are used:

Chronic gastritis the antrum of the stomach has a chronic relapsing course. Caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Exacerbation can be provoked by poor diet and consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Treatment is prescribed after a detailed laboratory and instrumental examination. It consists of diet and medications.

Superficial antral gastritis is considered, perhaps, the most mild form gastritis. Inflammation develops in the lower part of the stomach, called the antrum. Only a small superficial layer of the mucous membrane is affected. The lower layers are not affected. Thus, superficial antrum gastritis is not accompanied by the usual occurrence of erosions and ulcers for gastritis. Thanks to this feature, its treatment is quite successful if started on time.

This disease is usually caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. These bacteria are especially fond of the last section of the stomach. What explains this?

The antrum is the last lower section stomach. He's already being followed small intestine, or to be more precise, the duodenum. A bolus of food is formed in it, which, having passed the lower sphincter of the stomach, undergoes further splitting into duodenum under the influence of pancreatic enzymes and bile, coming from the liver. Alkalinization occurs in the antrum food bolus And copious discharge mucus. Thus, it has reduced acidity compared to other parts of the stomach. All these are favorable factors for the development of Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

And, of course, as with any gastritis, factors contributing to their development are overeating, eating low-quality food, accidentally getting into digestive tract toxins and poisons.

Excessive consumption of fatty, smoked foods, as well as spicy and salty foods, including marinades, are factors causing disease. Hereditary predisposition should not be discounted. If parents had a similar problem, then there is a high probability that their children will also get it.

Symptoms

Since inflammation is usually chronic, its symptoms are mild. Chronic character is present because due to mild symptoms the patient does not start timely treatment, attributing the discomfort to overeating or poor quality food. Still, if you experience the symptoms listed below, you should consult a doctor.

These symptoms include pain in epigastric region stomach after meals or in between meals, frequent attacks of nausea and belching, feeling of heaviness in the stomach, bowel disorders (diarrhea or constipation).

I would like to emphasize once again that with superficial antral gastritis, timely treatment brings good results. Therefore, do not put off visiting your doctor for too long.

Video “Diet: what you can eat”

Kinds

With superficial antral gastritis, it is appropriate to talk only about the chronic form of this disease. After all, when ulcers and bleeding, characteristic of acute forms, appear, gastritis will no longer be superficial, but erosive.

We can also talk about focal antral superficial gastritis, when individual areas of the mucous membrane are affected (there are separate focal inflammations). In this case, the disease manifests itself as focal pain. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, these lesions can grow and cover the entire antrum of the stomach. In this case, we are already dealing with diffuse gastritis arising from a focal disease.

Diagnostics

Since the disease leads only to minor superficial inflammation of the gastric mucosa, well-proven methods such as x-rays and ultrasonography, may turn out to be uninformative.

Therefore, endoscopy of the stomach comes to the rescue, allowing the doctor to visually assess the condition of the mucous membrane and prescribe necessary treatment. Also, diagnosis cannot be done without analyzing blood, stool and stomach acidity levels.

Treatment

Treatment of any gastritis is a set of measures and is prescribed only by a doctor. This includes drug treatment various drugs, refusal bad habits, dietary food, application traditional methods treatment.

If the cause of the disease is the development of a colony of Helicobacter pylori bacteria on the mucous membrane, then prerequisite Treatment is to take antibacterial drugs. There may be several such drugs. If no positive dynamics are observed within the first four to five days after starting to take the medication, this indicates the need to change the drug.

Anti-inflammatory drugs and medications that protect the mucous membrane are also prescribed. For pain, taking painkillers and antispasmodics is indicated. At the final stage drug treatment Stimulating drugs will be useful motor activity and restoration of gastric microflora.

As an auxiliary measure, you can use funds traditional medicine. Usually these are decoctions medicinal herbs St. John's wort, chamomile, plantain, mint and others. And, of course, during the treatment period it is necessary to adhere to a special diet.

Nutrition

Diet for gastritis means abstaining from eating harmful products, which include fatty meats, smoked, salted and fried foods. It is also necessary to avoid canned, pickled and spicy foods, which can cause irritation of the mucous membrane.

All dishes must be either boiled or steamed. There should be no hard pieces. All food must be either ground or passed through a meat grinder.

All vegetables and fruits must pass heat treatment. Alcohol and any carbonated drinks are prohibited. Meals should be fractional. In other words, you need to eat little, but often.

Video “Atrophic gastritis - what is it?”

What kind of disease is this, how to cope with it at home or in a hospital - you will learn from the article.

The main reason for the development of reflux gastritis in the antrum of the stomach is infection with pathogenic Helicobacter. The microbe has a negative effect on the glands of the organ and damages the epithelial mucosa. Infection can occur against the background of autoimmune disorders. There are many methods for diagnosing hyperplasia, establishing the cause and selecting correct scheme treatment. If you start it, they will develop dangerous complications threatening human life.

Antrum and its inflammation

The stomach is formed of three sections:

• upper;
• bodies;
• lower, which is also called antrum, pyloric or antrum.

The lower part of the stomach is lined with gland cells that secrete two important substances:

• bicarbonates, necessary to neutralize the food bolus, processed by gastric juice and safe for further movement through the intestines;
• mucus, which protects the shell from aggressive hydrochloric acid.

With inflammation of the atral region, type “B” gastritis and bulbitis develop. Basically, the disease occurs in an erythematous chronic form, which occurs with untreated acute or. Hyperplasia is accompanied by increased acidity, since the antrum membrane synthesizes the hormone gastrin, which is responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid. Therefore, reflux gastritis and bulbitis is hypersecretory.

If treatment is not started in a timely manner, gastritis of the antrum will develop into a degenerative-dystrophic form, as a result of which scars will appear on the mucous membrane, the lumen will narrow, and the passage of food into the duodenum will be difficult. The disease is often complicated by esophagitis.

Causes of antral gastritis of the stomach

Factors provoking antral gastritis:

In most cases, antral gastritis, like bulbitis, is caused by Helicobacter. As a result of the vital activity of microbes from inflammation of the mucous membrane, the development of duodenitis, ulcers, even stomach cancer and lymphoma is possible. The body is affected in the following ways:

1. Helicobacter enters the stomach and attaches to epithelial cells.
2. As a result of vital activity, urea is converted into ammonia and the acid in the organ is neutralized.
3. An infectious erythematous focus is formed at the site of accumulation of bacteria.
4. Inflammation develops due to the death of epithelial cells. The process of ulceration begins.

Clinical features of the species

Gastritis of the antrum of the stomach comes in two forms:

• Acute, which develops with chemical or thermal burns, mechanical damage, bacterial, spicy food and toxicological infections.
• Chronic antral gastritis, characterized by foci of atrophy. It develops from an advanced acute form and is characterized by a slow course with alternating remissions and exacerbations.

Catarrhal gastritis has a wide range of species diversity according to the characteristics of the clinical picture. According to the type of damage they distinguish:

• Erythematous gastritis - subtype chronic form. Appears as a result of irritation, inflammation, erosion of the mucous membrane, and is manifested by superficial redness and swelling of the membrane without deep damage.
• Mixed type. Combines the features of hemorrhagic, hypertrophic, erosive, antral forms. corresponds high acidity in the stomach.

Symptoms of superficial gastritis

Superficial antrum gastritis is characterized by inflammation of the outer layer of the gastric epithelium without the formation of erosive, ulcerated, or scarred areas. At the same time, the functions of the gland cells are preserved. The effectiveness of treatment is high, so the prognosis in most cases is good. Symptomatically, superficial antral gastritis is similar to other gastrointestinal pathologies. But specific signs can be identified:

• heartburn with sour belching, which indicates an increase in the concentration of stomach acid;
• bowel dysfunction, in which constipation alternates with diarrhea due to digestive dysfunction;
• epigastric pain 1.5 hours after eating or on an “empty” stomach;
• nausea, feeling of heaviness.

Erosive

Focal antral gastritis follows from the previous form, but affects the deep layers of the epithelium. Single or multiple ulcers and erosions form. Treatment is complex and difficult to predict. During the erosive process, the symptoms of the superficial form are duplicated, but with greater force. Vomiting with bloody streaks and the appearance of blackened feces may occur, which indicates bleeding erosions.

Follicular

Refers to rare forms. Formed when the epithelium is severely damaged by Helicobacter. Lymphocytes accumulate in the resulting wounds. Follicles are formed that clog the bicarbonate-secreting glands. Hyperplasia is directly related to the condition immune system person. The symptoms are the same as with the superficial form. The exception is pain, which with follicular inflammation is frequent, but not severe.

Hyperplastic

Develops against the background of mucosal hyperplasia with strong proliferation. Multiple small polyps are formed. Hyperplasia occurs:

• diffuse, that is, distributed throughout the entire stomach cavity;
• local, that is, concentrated in a certain place.

There are no specific symptoms associated with hyperplasia. Diagnosed only by gastroscopic examination. Clinical picture general.

Diffuse inflammation

Inflammation is characterized by atrophy, prevalence, homogeneity and uniformity of damage to the gastric lumen. Specific signs:

• disruptions in digestive function due to inflammation of the entire surface of the stomach;
• severe intoxication due to stagnation of undigested food and absorption of resulting toxins;
• weakness, constant nausea, fever;
• incessant severe pain in the epigastrium.

In pregnant and nursing mothers

Antral gastritis appears during pregnancy with genetic predisposition or an existing case of illness catarrhal form in the woman's history. The main danger of antral hyperplastic gastritis is vomiting, which can lead to miscarriage early stages or premature birth in a later period. Frequent and profuse vomiting poses a threat to the life of a pregnant woman due to rapid dehydration.

Gastritis does not affect the fetus or nursing infant. But it is forbidden to self-medicate or take medications without the consent of a doctor due to the risk of poisoning the baby through milk or disruption of fetal development. Treatment is selected by the doctor based on diagnostic data and the characteristics of the woman’s condition. Gastritis is mainly treated with diet therapy.

In children

The course of childhood gastritis differs in different age categories:

1. During the newborn period, babies suffer from frequent regurgitation of large amounts of food. This manifestation is called physiological gastritis, which does not require specific treatment and goes away over time. The main condition for its elimination is to ensure correct, good nutrition child with the exclusion of acid-forming foods from the diet. If symptoms persist long time You should consult your doctor.
2. In junior school age inflammation begins due to a sharp change in diet, increased psychological and physical stress. Symptoms correspond to the development of the disease in adults. Treatment is based on compliance with nutritional rules. Drug therapy prescribed by a doctor.

Diagnostics

A set of methods is needed, the purpose of which is precise definition etiology, type of causative agent of hyperplasia. The diagnosis is made from the history and manifestations of the erythematous disease. Produced:

• examination of the stomach cavity with an endoscope;
• taking a biopsy to determine the presence of Helicobacter;
• analysis of feces, vomit and blood;
• respiratory test for the presence of Helicobacter in exhaled air.

In the first stages, the following are used instrumental methods:

• probing;
• gastroscopy.

If observed acute symptoms or the course of hyperplasia has reached a severe stage, instrumental methods are not used. Additional clarifying procedures are:

• fluoroscopy;

Probing

Researched:

• secretory function of the stomach;
• level of digestive juice production.

A thin probe with a diameter of no more than 0.5 cm is inserted into the stomach through the mouth. A pump is attached to the free end of the tube to pump gastric contents. A sample of basal secretion is taken in portions. After collecting the required amount of secretion on an empty stomach, the patient is given a secretion-stimulating breakfast with histamine. After 30 minutes, pump out the liquid again. The total duration of sounding is 2.5 hours. Samples are sent to laboratory analysis for getting:

• acidity values, concentrations of peptides and other substances;
• descriptions of the amount and consistency of fluid in the stomach.

When diagnosed with antral gastritis, treatment should include not only medication, but also diet. Without it, it will be impossible to achieve significant improvements. Can also be used folk recipes. However, such therapy must be agreed upon with a gastroenterologist.

Treatment of antral gastritis with pharmaceuticals

Antral gastritis - acute chronic illness stomach, in which the mucous area becomes inflamed digestive system. If you don't start immediate treatment, then an ulcer may subsequently develop, which often develops into cancer. In the superficial form, the disease occurs without scarring, erosion, or damage to the glands.

The cause of the disease is the Helicobacter bacterium. IN in this case Antibiotics are used for treatment. The specific drug and dosage are prescribed by the doctor. Towards development of this disease Frequent dry snacks and fast food can lead to this. The main signs of antral gastritis include the following:

• indigestion;
• feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
• nausea in the morning;
• coating on the tongue;
• weakness;
• hypotension;
• swelling of the epigastric region;
• belching.

Antral gastritis should be treated with medication. For this purpose, painkillers, antisecretory and regenerating drugs are prescribed. To relieve spasms, the drug Motilak is used. You should also use the enveloping agent De-Nol, it will help reduce signs of discomfort. An excretory medicine, such as Almagel or Hefal, is also recommended.

If an erosive form has been diagnosed, then antibiotics are prescribed. For this disease, Metronidazole with Ampicillin or Clarithromycin is most often prescribed. The duration of therapy is 5 days. At acute form Omeprazole and Ranitidine are prescribed. These medications help reduce acidity. Pentoxyl and Methyluracil will help restore the gastric mucosa. This therapy will help eliminate the symptoms of the disease, and the patient will feel better.

It is impossible to treat antral gastritis without following a diet. You need to eat 5 times a day. Portions should be small. It is necessary to exclude from the diet:

• spices;
• canned food;
• roast;
• smoked;
• fat;
• coffee;
• Black tea;
• alcohol;
• chips;
• semi-finished products;
• fast food;
• chocolate;
• sweets.

The diet should contain a lot of fruits, vegetables, and berries. Food should be boiled; porridge, especially oatmeal, and dairy products are indicated.

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Folk remedies for antral gastritis

To speed up recovery, in addition to medications, it is recommended to use traditional recipes. However, such therapy must be agreed with the attending physician. Reception folk remedies will avoid complications.

At this disease Herbalists recommend using rosehip decoction. To prepare it, you will need to pour 200 ml of boiling water over 20 g of berries and simmer them over low heat for 15 minutes. After an hour, the product needs to be filtered. You need to take the decoction 40 ml 5 times a day. The course of treatment is 7 days.

Good effect with gastritis it is observed when taking juices. To carry out therapy you will need to mix 50 ml of tomato, lemon and cabbage juice. Then the cocktail is diluted with 150 ml of water. You need to take it 100 ml three times a day 15 minutes before meals. Cabbage juice has a good effect. It is recommended to take 100 ml three times a day. Its shelf life is 2 days.

Carrots will also help cope with this disease; accept carrot juice recommended for high acidity. You need to drink 200 ml three times a day 40 minutes before meals.

Wheat helps well with this disease. To carry out therapy, 100 g of grains need to be filled with water. In a few days, sprouts should appear. The raw materials should be washed and crushed until a paste is obtained, to which you need to add a little vegetable oil and mix well. Use the resulting product in the morning, 20 g.

You can cure gastritis with aloe. The plant must be at least 4 years old. The juice should be squeezed out of the leaves and taken 5 ml 30 minutes before meals. Each time you need to prepare a new portion.

Burdock is a plant that helps against many ailments; it can also be used in the fight against gastritis. An infusion is prepared for therapy. 30 g of crushed roots are poured into 1 liter of boiling water and left for 24 hours. Then the product must be filtered and taken 100 ml 5 times a day before meals.

Potato juice is a surefire remedy for any type of gastritis. To carry out treatment you will need to drink 100 ml in the morning. After taking, you should lie down for 30 minutes. You can eat only after an hour. It is best to have oatmeal for breakfast and drink a cup of sweet tea. The course of treatment is 10 days. Then you need to take a break for 10 days and repeat the course of treatment. After 3-4 courses you will be able to forget about stomach discomfort. However, you should not stop following the diet, as the disease may return.

Antral gastritis can be treated with green apples. To carry out therapy, you should wash the fruits, remove the peels and grate them. The resulting mass should be consumed between main meals.

If the disease is accompanied severe pain, then you can weaken them with hawthorn fruits, which should be steamed well in the oven.

Then you need to eat the berries and drink the juice that has been released. low acidity Black currant juice is shown. The berries should be passed through a meat grinder or juicer. It is recommended to use the resulting product 100 ml three times a day. Sea buckthorn juice helps with any type of gastritis. It should be drunk 1 hour before meals, 200 ml.

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Treatment of antral gastritis with herbs

Antral gastritis can be treated with herbs. Calamus calamus copes well with gastritis. For treatment you need the roots of this plant. For cooking healing infusion 5 g of crushed raw materials are poured into 200 ml of boiling water. After 40 minutes, the product should be strained and drunk half an hour before meals. Each time you need to prepare a new infusion. It is recommended to drink it three times a day. The duration of treatment is 14 days.

Gastritis of the antrum is successfully treated with plantain. Its leaves should be washed, pour in 1.5 liters of grape vodka, boil and simmer for 5 minutes. Then strain the product and pour it into a bottle, which is tightly sealed with a lid. It is recommended to take the resulting drug 10 ml 30 minutes before meals.

The following herbs can be used in treatment:

• St. John's wort;
• chamomile;
• celandine;
• yarrow.

Decoctions and infusions are prepared from them. You can mix them in equal proportions and brew the resulting mixture. To prepare the infusion, you will need to pour 200 ml of boiling water over 10 g of raw materials. After 30 minutes, strain the product and consume 60 ml three times a day.

Flax seeds give good results. Thanks to the mucus they secrete, it is possible to protect the stomach from the effects of acid. To prepare jelly, 10 g of seeds are ground in a coffee grinder, poured with water and boiled for 5 minutes. The product should sit for an hour. It is recommended to consume it 10 ml 15 minutes before meals. The duration of therapy is 1 month.

With the help of blueberries you can try to get rid of the disease. To carry out the treatment, pour 200 ml of boiling water into 10 g of berries and leave for 15 minutes. The resulting infusion should be consumed 30 ml three times a day.

Chronic gastritis is characterized by a wave-like course, exacerbations more often occur in spring and autumn, they are provoked by stress or dietary errors. Antral gastritis is a focal inflammation of the gastric mucosa in the area close to the duodenum. This type of gastritis has its own characteristics, which are associated with the localization of inflammatory changes and the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Where is the antrum of the stomach located?

IN anatomical structure The stomach has several parts that have their own morphological and functional characteristics.

Anatomy of the stomach

• The fundus of the stomach is the area close to the esophagus.
• The body of the stomach is the main part of the stomach; it has especially pronounced longitudinal folds that stimulate the movement of food.
• The antrum is the part of the stomach close to the pylorus, that is, the place where the stomach passes into the beginning of the duodenum.

Helicobacter pylori bacterium

The body and bottom area has large quantities special parietal cells in the mucous membrane that produce. This factor is involved in the metabolism of vitamin B12, therefore, with fundic gastritis, pernicious anemia develops.

The antrum is the area most contaminated with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, gastritis of the antrum of the stomach is often complicated by the development peptic ulcer, chronic course which is supported by the presence of infection.

Advice! In order to accurately identify the presence of this infection, it is necessary to determine the titer of antibodies to Helicobacter. This analysis is carried out by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) venous blood. It will show whether this pathogen needs to be carried out.

Symptoms of the disease

The course of focal antral gastritis depends on several factors:

• the presence or absence of erosions of the mucous membrane (read more about this in the article:);
• duration of the disease and the degree of change in the structure of the mucous membrane;
• the presence and acidity of gastric juice;
• degree of contamination;
• the presence of reflux (reflux) of duodenal contents into the stomach.

Usually the patient in the epigastric region an hour or two after eating, they can be cutting in nature, subside a little when eating. Heartburn occurs after fatty or acidic foods. The feeling of fullness in the stomach after small reception food, this symptom is especially pronounced with rigid antral gastritis, when the outlet of the stomach narrows. The stool may be unstable, constipation alternates with diarrhea. Worries sour taste in the mouth and belching.

Over time, changes in the central and autonomic nervous system, headaches, irritability, and fatigue appear.

If changes in the mucous membrane progress, areas of atrophy appear, and the acidity of gastric juice decreases. In this case, the feeling of heaviness in the stomach increases, bursting pain immediately after eating, diarrhea, anemia and other metabolic disorders appear.