Anti-inflammatory drugs for inflammation of the uterine appendages. Why is endometritis dangerous? Rectal suppositories with immunomodulatory effects

The main causes of pain in the ovarian appendages:

Salpingo-oophoritis (from the Greek salpinx, tube and novolat. oophoron - ovary, synonyms: adnexitis) - inflammation fallopian tubes and ovaries (also called uterine appendages). This insidious disease. Sometimes, passing almost unnoticed and not posing a serious threat to a woman’s life, it affects the most vulnerable thing - the ability to have children. According to statistics, every fifth woman who undergoes it suffers from infertility.
The main causes of salpingoophoritis are:
- sexually transmitted infections: trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, etc.
As the name of this group of infections suggests, pathogen enters a woman's body mainly through sexual contact with infected person. The infection invades the vagina. Further, depending on the capabilities, type of pathogen and characteristics of the organism, it can cause inflammatory process V genitourinary organs: urethra- urethritis, in the vagina - vulvitis, in large gland in the vestibule of the vagina (Bartholin's gland) - bartholinitis, as well as in the internal genital organs: on the cervix - cervicitis, in the uterus - endometritis. From the above, you can see that the infection seems to “rise” higher and higher. If treatment is not started in time, the inflammatory process from the uterine cavity moves to the fallopian tubes, and then spreads to the ovaries. As a result of inflammation, the fallopian tubes and ovaries turn into a single inflammatory formation.
Predisposing factor inflammatory diseases reproductive system may become weakened immunity due to diseases of other organs and systems, for example, glandular diseases internal secretion (diabetes, obesity), as well as due to hypothermia, colds, stress.

Symptoms of inflammation of the ovarian appendages.
As a result of inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, pulling and stabbing pains, body temperature may rise and pain may occur during sexual intercourse. Sometimes these symptoms are supplemented by painful, frequent urination, bowel dysfunction, and menstrual cycle. If such phenomena occur for the first time and are pronounced, they indicate acute salpingo-oophoritis. Most likely, pain in the epididymis and elevated temperature will force the woman to immediately consult a doctor, who will prescribe treatment in a timely manner. With prolonged (more than one week) inflammation of the appendages and inadequate treatment, the process becomes chronic.
There may be situations where after acute inflammation uterine appendages, the process quickly becomes chronic without pronounced symptoms of the acute stage.
Chronic salpingoophoritis is characterized by moderate, periodically occurring, dull, pulling, aching pain in the ovarian appendages, aggravated by cooling, as well as menstrual irregularities. The pain is usually felt in the lower abdomen, in groin areas, in the sacral area, in the vagina. Often its intensity does not correspond to the nature of changes in the genital organs, i.e. inflammatory changes in organs may be minimal or, with treatment, they may be eliminated, and pain, like residual phenomenon saved long time. The existence of constant pain leads to neurotic conditions in women, decreased ability to work, and conflicts in the family.
The temperature usually does not rise, and general health doesn't get worse. This condition can last a long time, without a clearly defined beginning and end of the disease.
The combination of these factors with menstruation increases the likelihood of such exacerbations, since during menstruation a favorable hormonal background, leading to structural changes in the uterus and appendages, which, in turn, are a favorable environment for the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

Complications of inflammation of the ovarian appendages.
- One of the most frequent complications is pain syndrome(collection pathological signs). Primary pain occurs during inflammation of the appendages, then after the formation of adhesions, pain is possible during sexual activity, with active work intestines, when playing sports. With chronic salpingoophoritis, painful ovulation is possible.
- Purulent formations in the fallopian tubes, as well as the development of pelvioperitonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum (internal lining of the abdominal cavity) of the small pelvis (all this is an indication for surgical treatment).
- Development of adhesions around the appendages, which can lead to infertility.
- Sexual and sexual disorders menstrual function women (pathological impulses from the inflamed ovaries and fallopian tubes enter the brain, which processes them and sends response, but already distorted impulses, as a result of which the functions of the ovaries are disrupted, including the hormonal function responsible for menstruation, libido ( sexual desire), pregnancy, etc.
- Spontaneous miscarriages and premature birth, intrauterine infection of the fetus. This complication due to the fact that with chronic salpingoophoritis, the infection can become active at any time. With a weakened immune system (which happens during pregnancy), infection may enter the uterine cavity and amniotic sac, then the placenta and fetus become infected. Therefore, women who have had inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy require the most careful medical supervision! When in a timely manner measures taken you can avoid these problems and give birth healthy child.

The main causes of pain in the epididymis:

Epididymitis is an inflammatory process in the epididymis.
The main causes of epididymitis:

1. Sexually related epididymitis.
Among sexually active men under the age of 35, the most common reasons epididymitis are
- Ch. trachomatis (chlamydial infection)
- N.gonorrhoeae (gonococcal infection)
- E. coli ( coli) and H. influenzae - among men practicing anal sex with sexual partners
- More rare causes - Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma genitalium.
In the vast majority of cases, infection of the epididymis and testicle occurs urethrogenically and is a complication of gonococcal or non-gonococcal urethritis. However, hematogenous and lymphogenous routes of infection are possible. Sexually associated epididymitis is characterized by an acute course and the absence of bacteriuria.

2. Sexually non-sexual epididymitis.
Men over 35 years of age also experience sexually related epididymitis, but their frequency is much less common. The most common causes of sexually non-sexual epididymitis are enterobacteria: E. coli and Pseudomonas. Infection occurs during obstruction urinary tract, hematogenous-lymphogenous route and during medical instrumental interventions (iatrogenic epididymitis). Sexually unrelated epididymitis is characterized by a chronic, sluggish course and the presence of bacteriuria.

3. Epididymitis as a complication of systemic diseases
Epididymitis can develop with tuberculosis, brucellosis, cryptococcosis. Very rarely with syphilis - testicular syphilis.

What are the complications of epididymitis?
- Testicular abscess
There is marked hyperemia and swelling of the scrotum, adhesion of the scrotum and testicle, and severe symptoms of general intoxication: fever, chills, malaise
- Testicular ischemia and necrosis
Inflammation of the vas deferens during orchiepididymitis can cause its swelling and, as a result, compression of the veins and arteries supplying the testicle, which leads to its ischemia and further necrosis and loss of the testicle.
- Male infertility
Even without complications, orchiepididymitis is one of the main causes of infertility in men, due to inflammatory and post-inflammatory processes (atrophy, scarring) in the epididymis, leading to the death of cells that produce sperm and obstruction of the vas deferens.

4. Special view Epididymitis occurs after sterilization (ligation of the vas deferens). Then the resulting sperm does not find a way out and inflammation in the epididymis may occur. The epididymis increases in size and reaches the size of a testicle or larger. The vas deferens swells and thickens. Epididymitis may be accompanied by inflammation of the vas deferens (deferentitis) or inflammation of the membrane spermatic cord(funiculitis).

5. Orchiepidymitis - inflammation of the testicle (orchitis) and (or) epididymis (epididymitis). Among sexually active men under 35 years of age, it is a complication of sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea).

Epididymitis can be:
- sharp
- chronic.

1. Chronic epididymitis is rare. Usually when specific infections(tuberculosis, syphilis). It is often bilateral and very often leads to infertility. Chronic epididymitis also occurs after sterilization of a man.

2. Acute epididymitis begins with an increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees. The epididymis increases sharply in size. Appears sharp pain in one half of the scrotum, the scrotum swells, its skin stretches, losing folds. There may be redness of the scrotum. The pain radiates to the groin area, perineum, and sacrum. If left untreated, suppuration of the appendage may occur and the patient's condition will deteriorate sharply. Possible transition infectious process on the testicle - inflammation of the testicle occurs - orchitis. With a prolonged course of the infectious process, the tissues of the epididymis become sclerotic, adhesions form in the lumen of the vas deferens, and the duct may become impassable for sperm. In this case, if the process is bilateral, infertility occurs.

Pain in the appendages can bother women with inflammation of the uterus, ovaries or fallopian tubes, both together and separately. The most common gynecological disease associated with inflammation of the appendages is adnexitis.

According to statistics, more than half of women experience this disease. Most of them are young women between the ages of twenty-five and thirty. Greatest Negative influence adnexitis affects the condition reproductive function. With complications and untimely treatment, the risk of infertility and sexual dysfunction increases.

Causes of pain in the appendages

The causes of pain in the appendages often lie in the formation of an inflammatory process caused by a disease such as adnexitis, or in other words, salpingoophoritis. With the development of such a pathology, the fallopian tubes and ovaries become inflamed as a result of staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci and other pathogenic elements entering the body. The most common pathogens also include chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, trichomonas, etc. Inflammation of the appendages can be provoked by frequent overwork, weakening of the immune system, prolonged hypothermia, for example, during a long stay in cold water. Also, the cause of pain in the appendages can be the presence of cysts or polyps and other neoplasms, polycystic ovaries. Causes of pain in the appendages also include oophoritis - inflammation of the ovaries and salpingitis - inflammation of the fallopian tubes. If pain in the appendages depends on the menstrual cycle, perhaps we are talking about ovulatory syndrome associated with insufficient production of progesterone during ovulation. Pain in the appendages can be provoked by a disease such as cervicitis - inflammation of the cervix, which in turn can be caused by injuries and prolapse of the cervix, sexually transmitted infections, erosion, endometritis, colpitis, etc.

How does pain in the appendages manifest?

Symptoms of pain in the appendages, in addition to uncomfortable and painful sensations in the fallopian tubes and ovaries, include fever, pain in the head, muscles, and also during sexual intercourse, including in the lower abdomen. In some cases associated symptoms diseases may include problems with urination, functioning gastrointestinal tract, as well as the monthly cycle. Bloody issues from the genital tract can also be a sign of an inflammatory process in the uterine appendages.

Pain due to inflammation of the appendages

Pain during inflammation of the appendages varies depending on the form of the disease that causes them. Piercing and cutting pains characteristic of acute inflammation of the appendages, dull and aching occur with chronic form diseases. In both cases, pain due to inflammation of the appendages can radiate to the lower back, occur during sexual intercourse, and intensify under stress, physical activity, accompanied by menstrual irregularities. In this case, in the acute phase of the disease there is a sharp rise in body temperature, chills, nausea or vomiting, and tension in the abdominal muscles. Such pain can be caused by infectious agents that enter the body during sexual intercourse, or infections of another nature. Problems with the immune system, hypothermia, frequent fatigue, etc. can affect the development of inflammation.

What pain occurs with inflammation of the appendages?

Disease, inflammatory and pain in the appendages, can have an acute and chronic form. It is possible to differentiate what kind of pain during inflammation of the appendages occurs in the acute form of adnexitis by the following signs: a sharp increase in temperature to thirty-eight to thirty-nine degrees, pain and tension in the lower abdomen, including when palpating, general state weakness, chills, increased sweating, pain in the head and muscles, pain radiating to lumbar region, difficulty urinating. In acute adnexitis, the appendages are enlarged, swollen and painful, and vaginal discharge may be disturbing. In the chronic form of the disease, pain in the lower abdomen is aching character, can be felt in the groin and vagina, changes occur monthly cycle as a result of impaired functioning of the ovaries. Menstruation can be profuse, accompanied by pain, and the discharge of isolated bloody clots. However, there are also opposite situations: the amount of discharge is insignificant, the menstrual period is shortened, sexual function fails, libido decreases, and pain occurs during sexual intercourse. Stress, constant overwork, and prolonged hypothermia can provoke an exacerbation. The disease can also worsen due to some other disease.

Pain in the appendages during pregnancy

Pain in the appendages during pregnancy can be caused by for various reasons. These include inflammation of the ovaries or fallopian tubes, the provoking factor being nervous overstrain, overwork, hypothermia and disruption of the immune system. Such pain can appear in the form of attacks or be constant. When the ovaries become inflamed, the ability to work often decreases, problems with sleep appear, weakness occurs, and irritability increases. However, pain in the appendages during pregnancy does not always signal the development of inflammation. There is an opinion that such a disorder may occur as a result of the pregnant woman’s body adapting to a new period. The ovaries and uterus may change their position slightly, resulting in pain that may arise from the ligaments that support the uterus. If pain in the appendages bothered a woman even before pregnancy, this may indicate the presence of chronic disease appendages, which can negatively affect its course and should be cured as soon as possible.

Pain in the right appendage

Pain in the right appendage, or right-sided oophoritis, can occur as a result of a careless gynecological examination, termination of pregnancy, installation of a device in the uterine cavity, as well as after childbirth, due to violation immune functions not treated on time gynecological diseases, non-compliance with standards intimate hygiene And frequent changes sexual partners. Pain in the right appendage is combined with painful sensations in the lower abdomen on the right, may be similar to the symptoms of inflammation of the appendix. With pain in the right appendage, the temperature rises, vaginal discharge appears, uterine bleeding, there are disruptions in the monthly cycle, decreased sexual desire, and pain during sexual intercourse. In advanced forms of the disease, the inflammatory process can affect the left ovary and provoke other complications.

Pain in the left appendage

Pain in the left appendage, or left-sided oophoritis, occurs with inflammation of the left ovary. The inflammatory process develops when bacteria enter the body during sexual intercourse or the presence of any concomitant pathologies. The causes of the disease include promiscuity, artificial termination of pregnancy, trauma during gynecological examination, establishment intrauterine device, the presence of other gynecological diseases, weakened immunity, etc. The main symptoms for pain in the left appendage are painful sensations in the lower abdomen on the left, heat, which can persist even when taking antipyretic drugs, discharge from the genital tract, pale skin, loss of appetite, decreased libido, impaired sexual function, and disruption of the menstrual cycle. A complication in such conditions may be the spread of inflammation to right side appendages and the development of infertility.

Diagnosis of pain in the appendages

Diagnosis of pain in the appendages includes a general blood test, as well as ultrasound examination in order to determine the presence or absence of neoplasms. PCR diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction) allows you to identify genital infections; a smear is taken from the vagina to detect inflammation. IN in some cases Colposcopy (examination of the vagina and vaginal walls with a special instrument), tomography, laparoscopy, and bacterial culture may be prescribed.

Among all gynecological diseases, inflammation of the uterine appendages is very common. Inadequate and untimely treatment The inflammatory process threatens with a number of consequences and complications, including the likely transition of the disease into a chronic form.

According to statistics, about 20% of women who overcome andexitis remain infertile.

What is inflammation of the uterine appendages? The uterine appendages include the ligaments, ovaries and fallopian tubes. Their inflammation is called salpingo-ophritis or andexitis. The course of the disease can occur with the development of an inflammatory process on one side (with unilateral salpingo-ophritis) and on both (with bilateral andexitis). Next, we will describe the symptoms, causes and treatment features of inflammation of the uterine appendages.

Inflammation of the appendages: causes

In the appendages of the uterus, opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms that are capable of certain conditions cause illness. Specific adnexitis is caused by gonococci, tuberculosis bacillus and diphtheria bacteria. Nonspecific salpingo-ophritis is caused by streptococci, staphylococci, mycoplasmas, chlamydia, E. coli, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms. Often the disease occurs due to an association of microorganisms. Infection can enter the uterine appendages in various ways:

lymphogenous– through lymphatic vessels;

hematogenous- By blood vessels(for tuberculosis of the uterine appendages);

ascending– from the cervix and vagina;

descending– from other inflamed organs ( sigmoid colon, appendix).

Factors that contribute to the development of the disease:

hypothermia, stress;

chaotic sex life;

violation of personal hygiene rules;

weakening of the body's immunity - diabetes, HIV infection, recent infectious disease;

carrying out intrauterine procedures: insertion and removal of the IUD, curettage of the uterine cavity, abortion, hysteroscopy, metrosalpingography;

appendectomy;

complicated childbirth.

Symptoms of adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages):

• Acute adnexitis

The clinical picture of acute salpingoophritis is very characteristic. The onset of the disease is acute, there is an increase in body temperature to 38-39 degrees and chills appear with suppuration of the appendages. Sharp, sharp pain occurs in the lower abdomen.

Depending on whether the process is unilateral or bilateral, pain may be localized in one or both iliac regions. The pain radiates to the sacral region, rectum, and can spread to the lower extremities.

On initial stage diseases palpation of the anterior abdominal wall allows you to determine its voltage. Symptoms of peritoneal irritation and severe pain are observed. Sometimes signs of urination disorder (frequent and painful) appear. The patient's general condition worsens: headache, nausea and vomiting appear, and there is no appetite.

At gynecological examination purulent or serous-purulent discharge is detected in the cervical canal. When palpated, the area of ​​the appendages is painful, their contours and sizes are difficult to clearly determine, the appendages are enlarged, pasty, and their mobility is limited. General analysis blood indicates acceleration of ESR, leukocytosis. There is also an increase in the level C-reactive protein in blood.

• Chronic adnexitis

In case of poor quality treatment of acute inflammation of the uterine appendages or complete absence therapy, the process may become chronic. The clinical picture of chronic salpingo-ophritis is vague; the disease has periodic phases of exacerbation (usually in autumn and spring).

There is a pain syndrome, its severity does not correspond to disorders in the appendages. Chronic inflammation of the uterine appendages is characterized by aching dull pain, which are localized in the lower abdomen and radiate to the vagina and lower back.

There is a disturbance in the menstrual cycle, which is manifested by oligomenorrhea (short, infrequent menstruation, polymenorrhea ( heavy menstruation), almenorrhea ( painful menstruation. Any of the menstrual dysfunctions is caused by functional and structural changes in the ovaries (lack of ovulation, hypoestrogenism).

Sick women may have complaints of lack or decreased sexual desire, pain during intercourse (dyspareunia). The long-term existence of chronic andexitis negatively affects the digestive (colitis, enterocolitis), urinary (pyelonephritis, cystitis), endocrine and nervous (depression, neuroses) systems. Such patients often experience a decrease in their ability to work, and conflicts in the family are common.

Exacerbation of the process causes an increase in body temperature to sub-reflex levels (up to 38 degrees). During a gynecological examination from cervical canal mucopurulent discharge is released, sclerotic changes (heaviness) are detected in the area of ​​the appendages, when palpating them the patient feels pain, the appendages are limited in mobility, and when the uterus is displaced behind the cervix, pain occurs (due to the development of adhesive disease).

Complications of adnexitis

The danger of salpingoophritis lies in the following complications:

• the risk of ectopic pregnancy;
• transition to a chronic form;
• female infertility due to anovulation, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, development of adhesions;
• the formation of a tubo-ovarian formation, represented by purulent melting of the ovary and tube with the formation of an abscess.

From the doctor's practice:

For the first time I had to deal with a tubo-ovarian complication in the third month independent work. At night, a young woman was admitted to the clinic with severe symptoms irritation of the peritoneum (pelvioperitonitis), severe pain in the lower abdomen and intoxication syndrome.

She was previously diagnosed with acute pelvioperitonitis, acute andexitis with a complication in the form of a tubo-ovarian formation. In such cases, the patient must be treated for two hours (carry out intravenous infusions with antibiotics to reduce pain and relieve intoxication), and then operate urgently. After 2 hours, I went for the operation with the surgeon on duty. After cutting my stomach, I almost grabbed my head. There are adhesions all around, there is a massive purulent effusion in the abdomen, on one side the appendages are not visible at all, only some kind of conglomerate of the small and large intestines, the omentum and supposed appendages is noticeable. With difficulty, together with the young surgeon, we figured out what was what and what needed to be cut off. Despite the fact that the operation took 2.5 hours, we managed to complete it successfully. We cut through the adhesions, removed what was needed, and washed them abdominal cavity and drained. As a result, the woman was diagnosed with gonorrhea. It should be said that the operation was very difficult, not every doctor with experience will undertake this. Subsequently, I had to operate on many tubo-ovarian abscesses, and fortunately, I never encountered such advanced cases again.

Treatment of salpingoophoritis

To treat inflammation of the appendages, inpatient conditions are required. It begins with a diet that limits the consumption of carbohydrates, pepper and salt, as well as bed rest.

In the acute form of andexitis and exacerbation of the chronic form, patients are prescribed a cold compress on the lower abdomen (to relieve pain and inflammation).

The main point in treating inflammation is taking antibiotics.

They are selected with a maximum half-life and a wide spectrum of action. Since the disease is often caused by the accumulation of several types of microorganisms, when antibiotic treatment 2 or more drugs are prescribed:

lincomycin – 3 r. per day 0.6 g. i/m;

Cefazolin – 2 r. per day 1 g. IM and ciprofloxacin 2 r. per day 100 ml intravenously;

clindamycin – 2 r. per day 2 grams. together with gentamicin;

Cephobid – 1 g twice a day. together with gentamicin;

klaforan – 2 r. per day 0.5 - 1 g. v/i and 3 r. per day gentamicin 80 mg.

Watch a video about inflammation of the appendages in women and draw your own conclusions

The doctor necessarily prescribes metrodinazole 3 times to the patient. per day 500 mg orally or metrogil 2 r. per day, 100 ml IV (if there is suspicion of an anaerobic infection).

Detoxification therapy is also carried out (intravenous administration of glucose, saline solutions, gemodeses, rheopolyglucin and other substances in a volume of up to 2-3 liters).

In order to relieve pain and reduce signs of inflammation, anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed non-steroidal drugs in tablets - Ibuprofen (Faspik, Nurofen, Ibuklin), Ketorolac (Ketarol, Ketanov), Diclofenac (Ortofen, Naklofen, Voltaren, Diklak) and rectal suppositories - Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Paracetamol.

Vitamins (group B, vitamin C) are also prescribed.

Antihistamines (cetrin, pipolene, suprastin) and other allergy tablets.

Video from Malysheva on this topic:

To relieve the acute process and treat chronic inflammation in the phase without complications, physiotherapy is widely used: electrophoresis of zinc and copper according to the phases of the menstrual cycle, ultrasound, electrophoresis with iodine or lidase, pulsed high-frequency currents (DDT, SMT). Also used in rehabilitation therapy are injections of aloe, Longidase, FIBS, autohemotherapy, immunomodulators, etc. For chronic andexitis it is recommended spa treatment – medicinal baths, paraffin, mud and douching.

Pain in the appendages indicates inflammation (). This process begins from the mucous surfaces of the fallopian tubes and gradually invades the ovaries. If you start it, the disease will go into chronic stage. Adhesions will appear in the ovaries, and infertility may result. Sometimes advanced disease leads to an abscess.

Alarm signals indicating the need for treatment of the appendages:

• pain in the groin areas;
• frequent urination with pain;
• nausea;
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• menstrual irregularities;
• high temperature (in acute form of inflammation).

How to treat appendages in women?

To recover, it is necessary to fight infection and strengthen the immune system.

1. Most often, the doctor carries out antibacterial therapy - treatment. They are prescribed based on what infections were found. You cannot take antibiotics of your own choosing. Consult a specialist! Prescribed along with antibiotics antihistamines to avoid intoxication.
2. In addition to treating the appendages, antibiotics are prescribed suppositories that have an anti-inflammatory effect. They act locally, directly on inflamed organs. There are suppositories that strengthen the immune system (decreased immunity is one of the causes of inflammation of the appendages).
3. For chronic adnexitis, physiotherapy is performed.
4. Last resort when treating appendages, this is an endoscopic operation.

Folk remedies for the treatment of appendages are used in addition to the main one prescribed by the doctor. Here are some of them.

You can treat appendages at home only after an accurate diagnosis of the disease.

Pain in the appendages requires immediate treatment and follow-up. Do not allow it to become chronic.

Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs are one of the most common pathologies in the gynecological practice of doctors. According to medical indicators, about 60% of diseases of the female genital area develop against the background of inflammatory processes in the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and appendages.

The term “appendages” means all adjacent organs of the uterus (fallopian tubes, ovaries). Inflammation of the appendages belongs to a group of infectious and inflammatory processes that most often involve the ovaries or tubes of the uterus itself. In cases where inflammation affects the uterus, symptoms of endometritis most often appear.

In gynecology, diseases of the appendages can be found under the name adnexitis (inflammation of the ovaries) or salpingoophoritis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes). Considering that these organs are anatomically closely related to each other, the doctor often makes a diagnosis of “inflammation of the appendages.” What are the causes and symptoms of the disease, how to treat inflammation of the appendages and how dangerous this disease is.

Inflammation of the appendages: causes

Normally, the pelvic organs, including the appendages, do not have pathogenic flora, but under certain factors or diseases, pathogenic bacteria are able to penetrate inside, provoking the development of inflammatory processes. It is known that any inflammatory disease is caused by pathogenic microorganisms. IN in this case, the cause of inflammation in the appendages can be any bacteria that has penetrated the mucous membranes genitourinary system: viruses, fungi, gonococci, chlamydia, streptococci, staphylococci, spirochetes, protozoa, viruses herpes simplex and others, which, after entering the body, actively multiply, causing symptoms characteristic of inflammation of the appendages. Any of the pathogenic microorganisms can not only cause symptoms of inflammation of the appendages, but also other diseases. For example, chlamydia - chlamydia, fungi - vulvitis, candidiasis, gonococci - gonorrhea and other diseases that are often sexually transmitted.

Pathogenic microbes can enter the body not only through sexual contact, but also through contact, household contact, and also through failure to comply with basic hygiene rules or through contact with a carrier of the pathogen. The state of the immune system is of particular importance in the development of this disease. If a woman’s immunity is strong, it will not allow the activation of any microorganism. In cases where the immune system weak, the risk of getting sick increases several times. In addition, there are a number of certain factors that are trigger for the development of inflammatory processes in the appendages. Among these factors are:

• Hypothermia of the body.
• Overwork;
• Constant stress;
• Unbalanced diet;
• Constipation;
• Promiscuous sexual intercourse.
• Abortion.
• Childbirth;
• Sexual intercourse during menstruation.
• Poorly performed gynecological examinations.

In addition to the above factors, inflammatory processes in the appendages can be triggered by physical or mental stress, endocrine disorders, internal infections other organs. In any case, inflammation of the appendages must be treated, since the absence timely treatment entails complex and sometimes dangerous complications.

Symptoms of inflammatory processes in the appendages

Inflammation of the appendages - symptoms can occur in acute or chronic form. Acute form the disease has a pronounced clinical picture, A chronic inflammation appendages - more subdued symptoms, which are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. With inflammatory processes in the appendages, a woman experiences the following symptoms:

• Pain syndrome. Pain is localized due to inflammation of the appendages in the lower abdomen. It can have different intensity and radiate to the sacrum or thigh. Pain increases during menstruation or sexual intercourse. If a woman suffers from a chronic form of the disease, then the pain syndrome may be constantly present and intensify with exacerbation.

• Menstrual irregularities. Menstruation with inflammation of the appendages is almost always irregular, quite painful, and can be observed heavy bleeding. IN in rare cases Menses too short and scanty.
• Vaginal discharge ranges from purulent to mucous with an unpleasant odor.
• Itching, burning in the vaginal area.
• Increased body temperature. During an exacerbation, body temperature can rise to 39 degrees.

• General malaise. Occasionally, nausea, dry mouth, and increased fatigue are felt.
• Disorders of the urinary system. Discomfort, pain when urinating.
• Irregularities at work nervous system: increased irritability, depression.
• Decreased libido.

Signs of inflammation of the appendages can be determined by the results of a blood test. During inflammatory processes, the blood formula changes significantly, and the ESR increases. In addition, during a gynecological examination at an appointment with a gynecologist, a woman feels severe pain in the area of ​​the ovaries and uterus. The above symptoms may also be present in other diseases of the genital organs, so only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis after examining the patient, collecting anamnesis, and the results of laboratory and instrumental studies: blood test, urine test, ultrasound of the pelvic organs and others, which will allow the doctor to draw up full picture disease, make the correct diagnosis.

Possible complications

Inflammation of the appendages - symptoms and treatment should be carried out in a timely manner and only under the supervision of a doctor. In cases of untimely or improper treatment, there is a risk of developing complications that are not life-threatening for the woman, but can lead to the development of a chronic form of the disease, as well as to infertility.

It is important to note that women who have had inflammation of the appendages are 10 times more likely to be diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy. Complications develop due to the formation of scar tissue on the ovaries or tubes. In rare cases, the complication manifests itself as purulent processes in the fallopian tubes. This complication requires surgical removal fallopian tubes or ovaries.

Inflammation of the appendages: treatment methods

Every woman should clearly know how to treat inflammation of the appendages, but in any case, therapeutic measures must be carried out under the supervision of a physician. IN acute period illness, treatment is carried out in a hospital and should include both drug treatment, as well as diet and the right image life. In the acute period, a woman is recommended bed rest, eating low-fat and unsalted foods.

An important place in treatment is occupied by antibacterial therapy, the action of which is aimed at destroying the causative agent of the disease. The doctor usually prescribes antibiotics wide range actions, among which are the following drugs:

• Penicillin group – Amoxiclav, Augmentin;
• Cephalosporins – Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin;
• Macrolides – Erythromycin, Macropen, Fromilid.

Your doctor may prescribe other antibiotics that affect pathogenic flora. Antibiotics for inflammation of the appendages are prescribed in the form of injections for intramuscular or intravenous administration or tablet form for oral administration. In the acute period, it is recommended to take antibiotic injections, as they can quickly relieve the inflammatory process, thereby reducing the symptoms of the disease. The effectiveness of treatment should be observed on the first day. The course of treatment takes from 5 to 10 days. If no positive dynamics are observed, the doctor may change the antibiotic or prescribe more radical methods treatment (surgery).

In addition to antibiotics, the doctor prescribes other medications:

• Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs: Ibuprofen, Intomethacin.
• Vaginal suppositories. They have a positive effect on pathogenic microorganisms and act directly at the site of inflammation. These medications are administered before bedtime. They have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal effects: Terzhinan, Polizhinaks, Klion-D and others. Such drugs do not affect the vaginal microflora, have a minimal number of contraindications and are well tolerated by the female body.
• Vitamin therapy. Vitamins B, C and E are prescribed, as well as immunostimulants to improve immunity.

A good effect in treatment can be obtained from physiotherapeutic procedures: UV blood, electrophoresis, laser treatment, UHF and many other methods. Physiotherapy can be used both in the acute period and in the chronic form of the disease.