Structural changes in the endometrium of the uterus. How does the thickness of the endometrium change by day of the cycle in normal conditions? Bacterial endometritis is caused by

The endometrium during menopause undergoes many changes associated with hormonal changes in the female body. Under the influence of a deficient level of estrogens and progesterones in the uterine cavity, atrophic changes in its mucous surfaces begin, leading to a complete stop menstrual function. There are certain boundaries for the thickness of the endometrial layer during menopause, and if these are violated, certain pathological diseases begin to develop.

Lots of women entering the door climacteric changes, stop paying attention to their health. They attach special importance to all ailments that appear during this period of time, attributing everything to changes hormonal levels. But, of course, you can’t treat yourself like that. After all, it is with the onset of menopause in female body the level of immune defense system weakens. And she is at greatest risk of developing serious pathologies: from neoplasms with a benign nature to a cancerous tumor. Therefore, regular examination in a gynecological office is so necessary: ​​at least 2 times a year, during which the initial stages of development of disorders can be detected.

The development of endometrial hyperplasia during menopause is the most common pathological change in the functional layer of the uterine mucosa.

Hyperplasia of the endometrial layer is characterized as a pathological proliferation of the functional layer of the mucous surfaces of the uterine cavity, contributing to the formation of uterine bleeding.

This pathology The endometrium in menopause develops under the influence of hormonal changes in the body. The following factors also contribute to the development of pathology:

• availability from excess weight;
• pathological change in liver functionality;
• development of diabetes mellitus;
• progressive stage of hypertension;
• hereditary factor.

This pathology of the endometrium in postmenopause is quite dangerous, as it can progress to the stage of malignancy and degeneration into cancerous tumor. The development of atypical hyperplasia can result in cancer in 25% of cases. To prevent such complications, it is necessary to know the norms of the condition reproductive system organism during the fertile and menopausal periods.

You also need to promptly pay attention to the symptoms that appear, undergo examinations and not avoid modern developments in the therapeutic treatment of menopause and its pathologies.

Endometrial norms during menopause

All processes of changes in the endometrium during menopause and the postmenopausal period must be carefully monitored to prevent serious complications and development of oncology.

Methods ultrasound diagnostics are the most effective and in reliable ways determining the state of the uterine organ and the norm in the endometrium during menopause.

Normally, M-ECHO of the uterus should not be more than 5 millimeters. When the value of this indicator is within 6 mm, maximum 7 mm, dynamic control over the thickness of the endometrium in menopause becomes necessary with repeated ultrasound examinations after 3 and 6 months. Although such indicators are still allowed, 7 mm is in some cases a normal thickness.

If the thickness of the endometrium at menopause exceeds 8 mm, then this indicates the development pathological process. In this situation, in order to make an accurate diagnosis, a specialist performs a diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity.

In the case when the endometrium in menopause, that is, its thickness itself, greatly exceeds 12-13 mm, separate curettage mucosa and is sent for histological examination of the obtained biological material from the uterine cavity.

It is important to remember that curettage methods are necessary in case of violations of the norms of endometrial thickness in order to study the structure of the resulting material, make an accurate diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment.

Types of pathology

Hyperplastic processes in the endometrium can have 4 various shapes currents, namely:

1. Ferrous.
2. Glandular-cystic.
3. Focal.
4. Atypical.

One of the most common forms of the hyperplastic process is glandular pathology. It is accompanied by the proliferation of glandular tissues, but has a less dangerous form of flow, as it develops over a very long period time. But we should not forget that the development of glandular hyperplasia in the absence of appropriate treatment can develop into oncology.

A less common variant of hyperplastic processes are glandular-cystic pathology. It's pretty dangerous form hyperplasia, characterized by the formation of cystic lesions of the mucous membranes of the uterine cavity. In 5-6% of cases they can also develop into a cancerous tumor of the endometrial layer.

Focal forms of hyperplastic processes are quite rare, but are among the most dangerous pathological disorders endometrium. When developing this form, no therapeutic treatment. In this case, strict control is maintained over the development of polyps that have a high predisposition to malignancy.

Appearance atypical forms of hyperplasia is the most dangerous pathology, when detected, a biopsy examination is carried out, which in more than 60% of cases confirms the presence of carcinomas.

This form of the disease requires immediate surgical treatment.

Symptoms of endometrial pathology

The development of the hyperplastic process over a long period of time is accompanied by rather mild symptoms. With an increase in the thickness of the endometrial layer, a woman may experience bleeding, which cannot be ignored.

In the presence of of this characteristic You must urgently contact a qualified specialist.

Other symptoms of the development of hyperplasia in the endometrial layer make themselves felt quite in rare cases. Sometimes, as this pathology progresses, white or gray spotting discharge may be observed. Pain during hyperplastic processes does not appear.

The development of this pathology, in most cases, is detected during a routine examination in the gynecological office.

Diagnostic measures

In cases where a woman, taking care of her health, undergoes regular routine examinations, there will be no problems with the timely detection of pathological changes in the uterine cavity. Since during the examination, special gynecological mirrors are used, which allow one to clearly see the fibrous and glandular-cystic types of hyperplasia.

As mentioned above, the endometrium has a certain thickness norm, the excess of which indicates pathology. Endometrial thickness is determined by ultrasonic method diagnostics

But besides ultrasound serious violations Methods for diagnosing the uterine cavity using radioactive phosphorus may be prescribed.

Based on the results obtained and after all diagnostic procedures, the specialist develops the most effective scheme further treatment.

Treatment methods

IN modern medicine exists a large number of varieties of therapeutic methods of treatment: both conservative and surgical.

In the case where the cause of the development of pathology is a change in the hormonal background in the female body, and the thickness of the endometrial layer undergoes minor changes in indicators, hormone replacement therapy will be effective. In most cases, medications containing the hormone progesterone are prescribed. Duration hormonal treatment can take from 3 months to a year.

Important! Correct selection hormone-containing drugs and dosage may contribute to full restoration endometrial layer.

Another type of treatment for hyperplastic processes in the endometrium are methods surgical intervention. Initially, the procedure is carried out diagnostic curettage, on the basis of which a specific diagnosis is established. Moreover, the developing pathological process is also slowing down and the developing uterine hemorrhage is stopping.

If localized processes of hyperplastic growths are detected, then ablation, or cauterization of the thickened layers of the endometrium, is performed. At atypical form development of hyperplasia, surgical hysterectomy is prescribed, that is, complete removal of the uterine organ. But such a radical treatment method is used when there is no effect from hormone replacement therapy, as well as while maintaining the likelihood of transition to malignancy and the development of a cancerous tumor.

In modern medicine, combined methods for the treatment of hyperplastic processes in the menopausal period are increasingly being used. Consisting in the initial use of hormone replacement drugs that help reduce lesions. Then the remaining small defects are excised surgically.

In addition to hormones during the menopausal period, vitamin complexes that help strengthen immune system protecting the female body and contributing to a noticeable relief of overall well-being.

Traditional methods of treatment for the development of such a disease will not be able to have the necessary effect.

But they can still be used as an addition to the main treatment. It is recommended to use decoctions or infusions of medicinal plants only after general agreement with a qualified specialist.

To prevent the development of such pathological changes in the reproductive system of the organs of the female body it is necessary to abandon bad habits, promptly eliminate the inflammatory process using appropriate treatment, and maintain healthy image life. And getting rid of excess weight will not only transform your appearance, but will also be a good preventive measure against many pathologies.

Useful video on this topic:

The normal thickness of the endometrium is a common diagnostic criterion that allows you to assess the state of a woman’s reproductive health, and even determine the phase of the cycle.

If the size of the endometrium is consistently above standard limits, then the risk of developing life-threatening conditions (such as endometriosis, cancer) increases significantly.

But since in public hospitals Patients are rarely explained in detail the test results, but are only given the phrase “endometrium is normal” (or deviation), so they have to understand all the nuances on their own.

Normal indicators of endometrial thickness, depending on the day of the cycle

Condition of the uterus in different days cycle is usually assessed using ultrasound or MRI. It should be taken into account that the thickness of the lining depends on factors such as the age of the subject and the use of certain medications.

Table: endometrial thickness by cycle day.

The indicators given in the table are relevant for healthy women reproductive age. With the onset of perimenopause, the normal thickness of the endometrium of the uterus begins to decrease. Thanks to this, the doctor, examining the results of the ultrasound, can draw conclusions about the impending menopause.

About a year before the complete cessation of menstruation, it begins. The indicators for different days of the cycle become as follows:

• During menstruation: 2-3 mm;
• Beginning of the follicular phase: 5-7 mm;
• End of the follicular phase (ovulation): no more than 11 mm;
• Luteal phase: no more than 16 mm.

Also, the thickness of the inner lining of the uterus may indicate First stage development of a malignant disease. For example, if a woman of reproductive age has a thickness of more than 5 mm during menstruation, the risk of developing carcinoma is more than 10 times greater than if the lining were thinner than 5 mm.

If a woman takes hormonal drugs, an indicator of 4 mm (during menstruation) is the maximum limit.

What is the thickness of the lining of the uterus during menopause?

With the cessation of menstruation, the cyclic process of growth and death of the lining of the uterus changes. Thickness standards are also changing. The acceptable upper limit of normal is 5-6 mm (about a year after the end of the last menstruation).

In this case, the thickness of the layer should be the same over the entire area of ​​the uterus, and not change on different days of the month. A thickness of 8-11 mm may indicate that the woman is taking hormonal drugs with side effect in the form of hyperplasia.

An increase in layer thickness to 12 mm and above directly indicates the development of anomalous processes. Having received such ultrasound results, the woman should be referred for a biopsy and also undergo a transvaginal ultrasound examination.

Stages of endometrial development

Most popular sources (and even school biology textbooks) fit the description female cycle from the point of view of changes in ovarian function. However, the menstrual cycle can also be described in terms of changes in the norms of endometrial thickness.

The changes occur because the growth of the uterine lining is directly dependent on cyclical changes in the secretion of estrogen and progesterone. So, three phases can be distinguished:

• Proliferation;
• Secretory;
• Menstrual.

The proliferative stage begins when the ovaries are in the follicular phase. An increase in the amount of estradiol secreted by developing follicles simultaneously stimulates the growth (in other words, proliferation) of the endometrium itself.

If we consider the endometrium of the uterus proliferative type under a microscope, you can see that the tissue is glandular and contains a large number of ornate blood vessels, spiral arteries. In essence, the lining is “saturated” with blood, preparing for possible implantation fertilized egg.

During perimenopause, hormone levels begin to fluctuate. Reproductive function fades, hormone production becomes non-cyclical, which leads to irregular periods. also in medical card a record of the presence of disordered endometrium in the proliferation phase may appear.

Don’t worry, the gynecologist only implies that the growth of the lining of the uterus is not cyclical (that is, from stage to stage of the cycle, the tissue may not grow, but thin out, or not change its thickness at all). However, such non-cyclicality does not mean at all that any malignant changes. So read on and find out what rules you should follow.

Another potential cause of disordered changes in proliferative endometrium is irrational use birth control pills. The situation can be corrected by hormone replacement therapy.

If the process is not controlled, the doctor will soon diagnose an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus. The thickness of the endometrium with hyperplasia can exceed 30 mm ( instead of 8-14 mm, set for the 9th-20th day of the cycle). Hyperplasia is one of the factors that greatly increases the risk of developing uterine cancer.

Description of the secretory and menstrual phases

The secretory phase of endometrial growth begins with the luteal phase and ends on the first day menstrual flow. At this stage, increased secretion of progesterone stimulates the active proliferation of tissues lining the uterus.

As a result of the combined action of estradiol and progesterone, the endometrium becomes thick, vascular and “spongy”, and immediately after ovulation it is saturated with glycogen.

The thickness of the endometrium before menstruation in a healthy woman can reach 26 mm. This is quite enough for the successful implantation of the embryo and its primary nutrition.

If fertilization does not occur, then the menstrual phase begins. Levels of estradiol and progesterone production are maximally reduced, and planned necrosis (cell death) and sloughing of the uterine lining begins.

If you examine the tissue under a microscope, you will notice a significant narrowing of the ornate arteries. Of course, the uterus cannot remain without any covering at all, so the norm of the endometrium during discharge is 1-4 mm, not 0.

What is a three-layer endometrium, and in what cases can it be detected on ultrasound?

So, it becomes clear that the uterine lining changes its thickness not only during the monthly cycle, but also during different periods life. However, the endometrium is not a homogeneous structure, but consists of several layers.

In classic medical textbooks Only the functional and basal layers are distinguished. However, in ultrasound results you can often see the phrase “three-layer endometrium.” How three tissues are made from two is not entirely clear, which frightens women familiar with anatomy.

So, first of all, you need to remember that there are only two real (physical) layers.

On ultrasound it looks like a line located on the uterine cavity. This type of tissue is completely eliminated from the body during menstruation and is restored during the first phase of the cycle.

Active growth of the functional layer is provoked by an increase in estrogen levels. But as soon as progesterone levels drop significantly, the cells of the functional layer will die.

Basal layer.

Deep tissues that are not affected by hormones and also remain in the body even during menstrual flow. They also look like an echogenic line on ultrasound.

The confusion begins during ovulation (the few days before and after the egg is released from the ovary). It is at this time that the ultrasound specialist sees three clear, even lines in the image.

But the third line in the image is not any real physical layer of tissue, but only the hyperechoic boundary between the basal and functional layers. It is during this period that it is best to plan conception.

Thus, if a specialist says that the endometrium is currently three-layered, this does not mean that some new type of tissue has grown. There are just three clear lines visible in the picture.

When planning childbirth, a significant role is played by the thickness of the endometrium; its norm for conception depends on the specific period menstrual cycle. Many people are well aware that the thickness of the endometrium is different periods The menstrual cycle is not the same. And in order to be guaranteed to get pregnant, you should take into account these features of the female reproductive system and use them to obtain effective result on practice. So, what are these norms and which day of the cycle should you choose for sexual intercourse from this point of view?

Endometrium and its participation in conception

The endometrium is the inner mucous membrane of the uterus, represented by the integumentary glandular epithelium, a system of blood vessels, connective tissue. The purpose of the endometrium is to provide a comfortable microclimate for the occurrence and course of pregnancy during implantation of the fertilized egg.

The activity of the endometrium is regulated by the hormonal background of the female body. Before the onset of menstruation, this layer thickens, and the number of glands that improve blood supply increases. All this is necessary to ensure the possibility of getting pregnant. After conception, the endometrial vessels will go to the placenta, through which nutrients and oxygen will be delivered to the fetus.

Characteristics of the endometrium, such as its size, degree of formation, structure, affect the onset of pregnancy and its course.

Estradiol affects the maturation and efficiency of the endometrium - female hormone, synthesized by the ovaries during follicle maturation.

The required concentration of estradiol in a woman’s body every month is involved in the maturation of the endometrium and the formation of progesterone receptors in it.

It is important to know that progesterone is a hormone produced in the 2nd half of the perinatal period by the corpus luteum, formed instead of a burst follicle of the egg and necessary to maintain pregnancy.

Normal conception proceeds like this: approximately in the middle of the monthly cycle, a rupture of the membrane (follicle) occurs in a fully mature egg. After which she falls into abdominal cavity, moving towards fallopian tube. Having caught on the villi, it waits for fusion with the male reproductive cell for fertilization.

When a man's seminal fluid appears in a woman's body after sexual intercourse, fertilization occurs. Out of thousands of sperm, only one will be able to break through the protection of the egg and merge with it into a single whole.

For some period the egg will remain in fallopian tube, and when it transforms into a fertilized egg, it descends into the uterine cavity with the grown fluffy and dense endometrium and grows into its walls.

The day on which the fertilized egg is implanted into the uterine wall through the endometrial layer lining it is considered to be the day of pregnancy.

In a situation where conception does not occur in the current monthly cycle The uterus sheds the endometrium. The latter is removed from the cavity in the form of bloody menstrual discharge. They contain both a dead egg and unnecessary corpus luteum. However, with a new monthly cycle, the egg will mature again, the endometrium will grow, etc. And this will continue until the onset of menopause.

Studying endometrial norms for conception

Pregnancy can occur with an endometrial thickness of 7 mm. Indicators below this norm for the occurrence and maintenance of pregnancy are not considered.

The thickness of the endometrium takes dimensions according to the day of the cycle: 5-7 days corresponds to a value of 3-6 mm, 8-10 days - from 5 to 10 mm, on days 11-14 - 7-14 mm, on days 15-18 - from 10 up to 16 mm, on days 19-23 - from 10 to 18 mm, on days 24-27 - from 10 to 17 mm.

If the cycle is protracted, deviations from the norm are possible. During menstruation, the value is 5-9 mm.

By the end of menstruation (approximately on the 5th day), the regeneration process occurs, the size of the mucous layer is 0.2-0.3 cm.

The size of the endometrium for conception should be at least 1.1-1.2 cm. This value of this indicator is considered normal.

The fertile period ends on the 18th day. With a shortened monthly cycle, the end of the fertile period corresponds to the 12th day. These points are taken into account during artificial embryo transfer and IVF. On days 19-23 a new stage occurs, the thickness reaches a maximum of 1-2.1 cm and the fertilized egg is easily attached to the walls of the uterus. By days 24-27, the endometrium thins to 1 cm. At menopause, the thickness of the layer is 5 mm. In women aged reproductive function fades away, and sex hormones require replenishment. Pathology appears in the uterine cavity.

If the endometrium does not mature or does not correspond to the tabulated norms on specific days of the cycle, this leads to female infertility. This may occur in the following situations:

1. Insufficient synthesis of hormones involved in the formation of the endometrium with normal structure and size is a congenital abnormality.
2. Hormonal imbalances occur.
3. Defects in blood supply in the area of ​​the uterus of an acquired or congenital nature.
4. At the time of curettage during abortion, the endometrium was injured.

The problem of infertility in this case can be eliminated by effective treatment after accurately identifying the cause of impaired endometrial development. Which contributes greatly timely diagnosis thickness of the endometrial layer.

Normalization of endometrial thickness with medications

A deviation in the size of the endometrial layer is not yet a death sentence, because it is subject to medication adjustment. With proper selection of medications, it is quite possible to increase this layer to the required size. Its thickness is also important during conception. naturally, and with the technique in vitro fertilization. This is due to the fact that in both situations, implantation of the embryo into the uterus is carried out without the direct influence of the human factor and only thanks to the support of this inner layer and the necessary concentration of hormones responsible for pregnancy.

To increase the level of the hormone estrogen in the female body, which directly affects the thickening of the endometrium and the increase in its thickness, treatment with hormonal drugs is prescribed. These can be injections of synthetic estradiol or Proginova, Divigel. In addition, the homeopathic drug Hormel is prescribed. The latter has a mild effect aimed at the female body independently producing the required level of estrogen.

Duphaston and Utrozhestan contribute to the formation and maturation of the endometrium. They contain the hormone progesterone. It is this substance that the corpus luteum synthesizes in the second half of the menstrual cycle to promote survival.

Also, when diagnosing the size of the inner layer of the uterus, it is important to exclude STIs. In addition to the fact that they can negatively affect conception, they also prevent the growth of the required thickness of the endometrium.

Folk remedies for increasing the endometrial layer

Efficiency folk recipes determined by whether it is carried out in parallel with them drug treatment. Popular:

• rose hips, raspberries, onions, citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C;
• spicy herbs with salicylate: mint, paprika, dill, cinnamon;
• hogweed, red brush and sage are also well known in the treatment of female problems.

Methods alternative therapy: acupuncture or hirudotherapy can also stimulate the natural growth of the endometrium.

The inner mucous layer of the uterus plays a significant role in conception and future development of the fetus.

It is important to maintain hormonal balance in the body and try to avoid operations in the uterine cavity.

The thickness of the endometrium is a relative value, but nevertheless, it is an indicator of ongoing processes and hormonal balance in the female body. Knowing the thickness of the inner lining of the uterus, it is possible to determine the phase of the menstrual cycle, age, and also make preliminary conclusions about general condition woman's health.

But, as a rule, gynecologists proceed from the opposite, or more precisely, compare the actual value with established standards. Each age group their indicators are characteristic, for example, the thickness of the endometrium, which is considered normal during menopause, is not suitable for conceiving a child and indicates obvious violations.

Learn more about the endometrial norms characteristic of a particular age period, we'll talk about it in this article.

Normal endometrium for conception

The endometrium of a woman of reproductive age regularly undergoes cyclic changes. The main change is the thickness of the functional layer of the inner membrane, which actively thickens until the onset of ovulation and several days after it, and then gradually atrophies and is rejected during menstruation.

This difficult process It is completely regulated by hormones, so it immediately responds to the slightest hormonal disruptions.

The thickness of the endometrium is of fundamental importance for women planning pregnancy. Since normally, the thickness of the endometrium reaches its maximum value during ovulation, thereby creating favorable conditions for implantation of a fertilized egg. In addition, for the embryo to attach and begin to develop, the mucosa must be mature and its structure appropriate.

So, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, the thickness of the endometrium varies:

If pregnancy has occurred and the fertilized egg is securely in the uterine mucosa, then the latter continues to actively develop. Normally, the endometrium thickens during pregnancy and is enriched with blood vessels. At a period of 4-5 weeks its value will reach 20 mm, and even later it will transform into which will serve as protection and supply the fetus nutrients and oxygen.

Normal endometrium in menopause

First of all, menopause is characterized by a decrease in estrogen production, which cannot but affect the organs of the reproductive system. In particular, the uterus, ovaries, vagina and mammary glands react to changes.

During menopause, the inner layer of the uterus becomes thin and loose, and over time it completely atrophies. Normally, thickness indicators during this period are 3-5 mm. If the actual values ​​are increased, then we are talking about pathological hypertrophy. Symptoms this state bleeding may vary in intensity, starting from brown daub, ending heavy blood loss. In the first case, the condition is corrected hormonal therapy, in the latter – by surgical intervention.

Endometrium of the uterus - slime layer, which is located inside the uterine body, completely lines its cavity and provides a large number of blood vessels. It plays a major role during the menstrual period.

The main function of the endometrium is to create a favorable environment and conditions for the attachment of the fertilized egg inside the uterine body.

If it is too thin or thickening is noted, then the pregnancy will not proceed normally, and a miscarriage is possible in this situation. Treatment of any pathological process should be carried out exclusively by a specialist, after a preliminary examination.

Endometrium - what is it?

The endometrium of the uterine body is a mucous layer of the organ that creates favorable conditions for the attachment of the fertilized egg. It changes throughout menstrual period, that is, its thickness. The greatest thickness occurs at last days cycle, and the smallest in the first days.

Due to the influence of unfavorable factors, the endometrium of the organ may become thin; this condition will interfere with the attachment of the embryo, and can also cause infertility in a woman. There are cases when the egg is attached to a thin layer, but after a while an arbitrary miscarriage occurs. Correct treatment It will help you get rid of the problem and help you conceive and bear a baby.

Normal thickness of the endometrium of the uterus

As mentioned earlier, the endometrium and its thickness changes throughout the menstrual period. Each phase of the cycle corresponds to a certain layer thickness. All changes occur under the influence of female sex hormones.

For pregnancy to occur, the thickness of this layer must be normal. The norm of the endometrium of the uterine body for the attachment of a fertilized egg is 0.7 cm.

This parameter can be determined using ultrasound examination, which is prescribed to a woman at a certain period of the cycle.

Any deviations from the norm may indicate that the pathology is progressing; the reasons for this process can be varied.

Thin layer of endometrium in the uterus

Hypoplasia or a thin layer of the endometrium of the uterine body is a deviation from the norm. Pathology manifests itself in the form of underdevelopment of the upper or lower mucous membrane of the organ. This violation leads to the impossibility of attachment of a fertilized egg.

Causes of hypoplasia:

Symptoms of hypoplasia may not appear on initial stage, and pathology is determined only when gynecological examination.

Symptoms of a disease of the mucous layer of the organ:

Thin endometrium and pregnancy cannot be combined. This pathology provokes reproductive dysfunction and can lead to absolute infertility. In such a situation, treatment should be carried out immediately to avoid serious consequences.

Timely therapy can increase the chance of bearing and giving birth to a healthy baby.

Thickening of the endometrial layer of the uterine body

In gynecology, there is also a definition such as hyperplasia, which indicates thickening of the mucous layer and the formation of polyps. This pathology has a benign course.

Deviation of thickness from the norm can be determined during a gynecological examination, as well as using an ultrasound examination. Treatment may not be carried out if infertility is not observed and there are no symptoms of pathology.

Hyperplasia occurs simple type And atypical form. Simple hyperplasia characterized by a predominance of glandular cells, leading to the development cystic formations. Treatment includes not only the use of drugs, but also surgery. Polyps depending on cellular structure can be glandular, fibrous, mixed type.

Pathology of the mucous layer of the uterine body of an atypical form includes the progression of adenomatosis. Histological analysis shows changes in tissue structure. Adenomatosis in to a greater extent refers to a malignant disease.

The following various reasons can provoke a thickening of the layer:

Many experts are also of the opinion that hyperplasia can also be caused by reasons such as hormonal imbalance, tumor progression, inflammatory processes, diseases endocrine system, sexually transmitted infections.

Pathology also occurs as a result long-term use contraception, which contain exclusively estrogens.

Symptoms of hyperplasia:

1. Irregular menstruation (the cycle becomes longer or, on the contrary, shorter).
2. Smearing of blood, which is observed in the patient a few days before menstruation.
3. Bleeding with clots.
4. Discharge of blood during sexual intercourse.
5. Changes in the duration and abundance of discharge during menstruation.

Treatment is carried out either conservatively (sometimes, in combination, it is also carried out folk remedies), or through an operation. If you refuse therapy or do it untimely, the following complications may occur:

Towards prevention of this disease include:

• exclusion of unplanned pregnancy and abortion;
• correct and healthy lifestyle;
• reduction of stressful situations;
• timely treatment of diseases and pathologies of the reproductive system, as well as the endocrine system.

Pathology, symptoms, causes and treatment

In modern medicine, there are several pathologies of the mucous layer of the uterine body, each of which has specific causes, symptoms and methods of treatment.

Diagnosis of pathology

If a woman has shown signs of the disease, she must undergo a thorough examination, blood and urine tests. During a gynecological examination, a specialist may find that the endometrium has become thin or, on the contrary, thickened, the uterus has changed shape and is in good shape. The patient is also recommended to undergo:

The norm is when the ultrasound and test indicators are within acceptable values.

Is treatment possible without surgery?

Treatment of the disease can be carried out conservatively and surgically. Surgical intervention is performed only in advanced situations.

Conservative therapy includes treatment with medications and folk remedies. Choice hormonal drugs will depend on age category patients, desires to have children in the future, stages of the disease.

Treatment with folk remedies is carried out under the supervision of a specialist; the course is selected individually depending on many factors. The patient may be recommended nettle, calendula, rose hips, yarrow, plantain. These herbs will help stop bleeding. Hirudotherapy is also prescribed, which has a positive effect on blood thickening.