Treatment of bile reflux into the stomach: pharmacological and surgical techniques. Causes of bile reflux into the stomach and methods of treating it

The human digestive system consists of several subsystems, each of which plays a role important role For general process. One of the main mechanisms is production, which is necessary for the digestion and further breakdown of food into elements. In some cases, this process may be disrupted, resulting in a release significant amount bile. Typically, such disorders occur against the background of gastrointestinal diseases.

Description of the pathology

First of all, it should be noted that the release of bile into the intestines, as such, is not a pathology. Bile production is carried out by hepatocytes - the functional cells of the liver. The substance is saturated with acids and nearby auxiliary components necessary for food processing.

Subsequently, through special ducts, bile penetrates into. This organ performs a reservoir function, that is, it ensures the preservation of bile until the moment of eating. When a person uses any food products, bile is released from the bladder into the gastric cavity, and subsequently into the intestines.

The process described above is completely natural. In the absence of any pathology in a person, the release moderate amount bile does not lead to the development of any pathological phenomena. However, when certain conditions the amount of bile produced increases significantly, which negatively affects the condition digestive organs. In addition, due to some disorders, the release of bile can occur even in an empty stomach, and this certainly leads to a number of pathological manifestations.

The effect of bile on the digestive organs is determined by its composition. Due to the high acid content, this substance provides irritant effect. Bile can penetrate not only into the lower digestive sections. There are also cases in which reflux into the esophagus occurs, which also leads to damage to the mucous membranes.

In general, bile is an integral part of the digestive process, but under certain conditions a disorder can occur that causes the secretion of the bile substance to increase.

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Main reasons

The release of bile does not always occur due to severe illness. Much more often, pathology is provoked by unfavorable factors, and therefore can appear even in a completely healthy person. Because of this, it is usually unsystematic and does not appear often.

Provoking factors:

• Not proper nutrition
• increased stress after eating
• regular nap in the afternoon
• alcohol
• long fasts
• eating stale food

Due to the influence of these factors, the overall tone of the mucous membrane of the digestive organs decreases. In addition, during physical activity, especially if it occurs immediately after eating, disturbances of the valve mechanism develop, as a result of which bile penetrates the digestive organs even when a person has not eaten anything.

Also, the release of bile can occur due to a number of diseases. The most common is hepatitis. Due to the damage to liver cells that occurs against the background of this disease, the patient may experience increased bile production. Similar processes can occur with gastritis and diabetes.

Increased bile production occurs when food poisoning. The body reacts inadequately to the ingestion of food containing toxins, which is why the production of a substance increases, the action of which neutralizes the poisoned product and accelerates its elimination from the body. Bile leaks have been reported in some patients suffering from later forms, diseases of the bile ducts.

One of the main risk factors is surgical removal bubble This method is used when various diseases, in cases where conservative therapeutic methods do not produce the desired effect. Due to the lack of a reservoir for bile, it constantly enters the digestive organs. In order to slow down this process, the patient is usually prescribed special medications.

Thus, there are different reasons for the release of bile into the intestines, and provoking factors that increase the likelihood of developing such a pathology.

Clinical picture

It is not difficult to identify the symptoms of bile release into the intestines, but only a doctor can accurately determine the cause and make a diagnosis. The pathological process is accompanied wide range manifestations, each of which may indicate various diseases Gastrointestinal tract.

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The most common symptoms include the following:

1. Unpleasant sensations in the stomach. With bile reflux, the patient experiences strong feeling heaviness or pain. Location discomfort is Right side abdominal cavity, approximately at the level of the navel. Symptoms usually worsen after eating. The pain may also intensify with prolonged sleep on one side.
2. Diarrhea with bile. The development of hologenic diarrhea is a common symptom of release. With this form of diarrhea, the stool contains a large amount of bile. The presence of this symptom may indicate the presence of cholelithiasis and deformation of the bladder walls. This manifestation is also characteristic of Crohn's disease and biliary hypokinesia.
3. . Occurs after eating food, particularly in the morning. May be accompanied by profuse vomiting, even after a small amount of food. The vomit contains bile. It can be identified by its yellow or greenish color, as well as a characteristic bitter taste in the mouth.
4. Intoxication. With prolonged violations of bile secretion, the patient’s digestive processes are disrupted. Because of this, incompletely digested food particles accumulate in the intestines, which are subject to the processes of rotting and fermentation. In turn, this provokes the production of toxins that gradually poison the body.

In addition to such symptoms, during the release, patients often experience a strong feeling of thirst, the appearance of yellow plaque on the surface of the tongue. Patients regularly experience foul-smelling belching and a bitter taste in the mouth.

In general, the release of bile into the intestines is accompanied by various symptoms, the appearance of which indicates that a person needs to reconsider his diet or urgently begin treatment of provoking diseases.

Bile Release Therapy

Treatment procedures are required if diagnostic results indicate disturbances in the production of bile by liver cells. Therapy is prescribed for regular manifestations of the disease, as well as in the presence of chronic diseases liver, biliary tract, gallbladder. Auxiliary treatment carried out during the rehabilitation period for patients who have therapeutic purposes the bubble was removed.

Bile entering the stomach is a symptom of developing. In a healthy person, bile is directed to duodenum from the liver and then into the lower intestines. During diseases with dysfunction of the pylorus of the stomach and high blood pressure in the duodenum, the reverse process occurs, that is, the reflux of bile and duodenal contents into the stomach.

The reflux of bile into the stomach is not asymptomatic

The food we eat ends up in oral cavity, where it undergoes primary cleavage with the help of saliva. Formed food bolus, moves into the stomach. From the stomach, food goes to the duodenum, then to thin sections intestines, where the process of absorption nutrients ends.

Moving along the esophagus to the stomach, the bolus of food is pushed through by sphincters - valves equipped with circular muscles, which prevent the swallowed contents from rising back up the esophagus into the oral cavity. There are times when the body turns on defense mechanism- vomiting, in this case the sphincters do not work, facilitating the release of toxic substances.

The stomach is filled with bile various reasons. For example, due to injuries, hernia, tumor in the abdominal cavity. By squeezing the duodenum, they exert mechanical pressure, forcing bile to avoid the resistance of the pyloric sphincter, throwing it back into the stomach.

During pregnancy, the mechanism of development of gastroduodenal reflux is the same as described above. Growing in the mother's body, the fetus puts pressure on the duodenum, allowing duodenal contents to enter the woman's stomach, tormenting her with vomiting. Some medical supplies lead to decreased resistance and weakening of the pyloric sphincter muscles. The use of muscle relaxants or antispasmodics contributes to the formation of a lumen between the duodenum and the stomach, which, in turn, leads to the leakage of bile.

Surgical interventions. If damage occurs during surgery muscle fibers pyloric sphincter, bile will certainly be thrown into the stomach. In chronic duodenitis, when the duodenal mucosa is in an inflamed, swollen state, duodenal contents enter the stomach constantly.

Symptoms of bile entering the stomach

Heartburn is a symptom of bile reflux

Symptoms of bile entering the stomach are sometimes disturbing and healthy people. This happens from overeating or from excessive physical activity after eating. If they occur rarely, it is necessary, if possible, to exclude the causes leading to heartburn and belching.

• Prolonged, painful belching and abdominal pain indicate the onset of the disease.
• Abdominal pain is enough serious symptom diseases of the digestive system. During the reflux of bile into the stomach, the pain has no clear localization. The doctor hears complaints about pain in the abdomen, but without indicating the exact location of the concern.
• Heartburn is formed as a result of bile from the stomach entering the esophagus, causing irritation and a burning sensation.
• Belching. Gases produced in the stomach sometimes enter the oral cavity along with bile.
• TO dangerous symptoms You should add such sensations as: the appearance of an icteric coating on the tongue, vomiting bile.

All these symptoms are signals of the development of the disease and a reason to consult a doctor.

Reflux gastritis is a disease in which the gastric mucosa is constantly inflamed due to exposure to bile acid. Increased acidity is a factor that increases the likelihood of developing reflux gastritis.

In gastroesophageal reflux disease, acid from the stomach enters the esophagus, irritating and damaging its walls. Progression of the disease is an indication for surgical treatment.
The disease is Barrett's esophagus. Develops due to permanent damage lower sections esophagus. The epithelium of the lower sections turns from flat and multilayered to cylindrical. The danger of this condition is that it is a signal of the possible onset of cancer.

Treatment of excess bile in the stomach

Bile reflux is not an independent disease, but only a symptom. It is important to find and eliminate the cause of bile reflux into the stomach. However, symptomatic treatment allows you to prevent complications of gastroduodenal reflux and improve the patient's condition.

• Selective prokinetics - motilium and cisapride, help speed up the evacuation of food from the stomach and empty it, get rid of excess bile, and increase sphincter tone.
• Inhibitors proton pump. The most effective are rabeprazole (Pariet) and esomeprazole (Nexium). The drugs fight acid-related diseases by reducing the content of products of hydrochloric acid, blocking it in the gastric mucosa. The use of this group of drugs significantly improves the prognosis for diseases caused by increased content acids in the stomach.
• Antacids - Maalox, and many other drugs from this group, also reduce the level of acid in the stomach, as do proton pump inhibitors. Their mechanism of action is somewhat different from the latter, but leads to the same result - achieving an optimal level of acidity. You should choose a drug from either one or the other group; you should not take them together. Proton pump inhibitors have a longer-lasting effect, but are also more expensive. Antacids will take longer to take, they are cheaper.
• Ursofalk or ursodeoxycholic acid changes the form of bile acids to water-soluble and is gentle on the stomach. For reflux, it should be taken twice a day in a glass - 250 ml. Ursofalk eliminates bitter belching and bilious vomiting. Makes it easier general state sick.

Chronic duodenitis They are treated conservatively, but many diseases that cause bile reflux into the stomach require surgical intervention. Laparoscopic correction of gastroduodenal reflux is aimed at minimizing surgical intervention and the minimum degree of injury to body tissues. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive treatment method aimed at correcting insufficient function of the pyloric sphincter.

Bile reflux signals a malfunction gastrointestinal tract. If it functions normally, bile flows in only one direction - from the liver to the duodenum. The reasons for the reverse movement are certain diseases. Without timely treatment Serious consequences, including the development of cancer, are possible.

Bile should not end up in the stomach after passing into the duodenum. Patients who are diagnosed with reflux ask doctors what it is and whether it can be prevented in the future.

Bile reflux into the stomach is a disorder in which digestive fluid produced by the liver flows back from the duodenum into the stomach. Sometimes bile reaches the esophagus and oral cavity.

The reverse flow of bile is recognized as a pathology. If the gastrointestinal tract functions normally, reflux is excluded.

Before moving on to the types of this violation, it is necessary to clarify a couple of points:

1. Enzymes and digestive fluids – bile and pancreatic juice – accumulate in the duodenum. They promote food digestion and absorption. There is a valve between the duodenum and the stomach - the so-called pylorus.
2. The passage of food into the stomach from the esophagus is carried out thanks to the cardiac valve (cardiac sphincter or lower esophageal sphincter).

The greenish-yellow liquid produced by the liver can negatively affect the mucous membranes of the digestive organs, causing, in particular, biliary gastritis.

According to the classification of bile reflux, there are several types of violation:

• duodenogastric (the cause is weakness of the pylorus of the duodenum);
• duodenogastroesophageal (the condition is a consequence of a cardiac valve defect);
• duodenogastroesophageal (a defect in the cardiac valve allows bile to reach the oral cavity).

The appearance of one form or another is provoked for various reasons and is accompanied characteristic features.

Bile contains bile acids. Once in the stomach, they neutralize digestive juice and break down fats. The mucous membrane of the organ is injured. The result of bile reflux is inflammation of the stomach walls. The process leads to erosions and gastritis.

The formation of bile reflux is accompanied by the following signs and symptoms:

1. Pain in the abdomen. Similar symptoms occur not only with bile reflux, but also with stomach diseases. This makes it difficult to diagnose the pathology.
2. Irritation of the mucous membrane and burning sensation. In common parlance, the symptom is called heartburn.
3. The occurrence of belching. This is a consequence of bile entering the stomach and the formation of gases that emit bad smell. In some cases, a bitter taste is felt.
4. Loss of appetite.
5. The appearance of a yellow coating on the tongue.

IN severe cases the patient vomits bile.

The danger of the pathology lies in its similarity to the symptoms of other diseases. Occasionally, there are no signs at all, which contributes to further deterioration of the condition.

Children often suffer from bile reflux. The reflux of bile into the stomach in infants is recognized by the following signs:

• constant crying and regurgitation;
• vomiting during and after feeding;
• frequent belching;
• capricious behavior;
• bad sleep.

Older children stay in anxious state, have problems falling asleep and suffer from night vomiting.

The body is designed in such a way that after food enters the mouth, it moves in one direction - through the esophagus into the stomach and duodenum. Sphincters prevent food from coming back.

When the contents of the duodenum enter the stomach, the causes of bile reflux are:

1. Injuries, tumor processes, hernias. IN in this case compression of the intestine occurs. The valve cannot withstand the pressure and allows bile to flow back.
2. Medications with antispasmodic effect. The use of drugs reduces the tone of the sphincter muscles; accordingly, it is not able to fully cope with its functions.
3. Chronic duodenitis. It is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the duodenal mucosa. She is under excessive pressure. The result is the reflux of bile back into the stomach.
4. The period of bearing a child. The growing fetus puts pressure on the internal organs, blocking the passage of bile.
5. Surgery, during which the valve muscles were damaged. As a result of the constant flow of bile into the stomach, bile reflux gastritis develops.

Sometimes the disease has nothing to do with the reflux of digestive fluid.

Violation is provoked by:

• overuse food and carbonated drinks;
• unbalanced diet;
• late dinners;
• habit of eating fatty, fried and smoked foods;
• sudden movements and bending over after eating.

A violation can manifest itself even at the moment when a person eats and immediately goes to bed.

You cannot begin treatment without examining the patient.

To draw up a treatment regimen, the following studies will be needed:

1. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy. The technique determines the condition of the mucous membranes of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. The method involves the use of a flexible probe - a gastroduodenoscope.
2. Ultrasonography and duodenal intubation. Complex method detects gallbladder reflux with 100% accuracy.
3. Choledochoscintigraphy. Detects contractile valve abnormalities.
4. Cholescintigraphy. Determines the tone parameters of the gallbladder.
5. Ultrasound ( ultrasonography) abdominal organs.
6. Magnetic resonance cholangiography. To plan treatment for bile reflux, which often causes gastritis, it is necessary to examine the bile duct and each bile duct for the presence of stones.
7. Endoscopic ultrasonography. If stones are present, the technique will show their sizes.

Do not delay in contacting a doctor. The sooner the diagnosis is made and the violation is identified, the easier it will be to cope with it.

Elimination of bile reflux, as well as treatment of biliary gastritis, involves A complex approach. It is important to understand that reflux is not an independent pathology, but a consequence of disorders in the body. Initially, you need to establish the reason for the deviation. Afterwards, guided by the diagnostic data, the doctor will draw up suitable plan treatment.

How to get rid of bile reflux? Will need an appointment medicines and review of the diet. Acceptable use folk methods. If necessary, the patient is prepared for surgery.

Surgical intervention

How do patients with stomach disease cure reflux of bile into the stomach operative method?

There are two effective ways most often used:

1. Laparotomy. This is the excision of tumors pressing on the duodenum.
2. Laparoscopy. The method is minimally invasive and minimal risk complications. The operation is performed using a mini-camera and special instruments.

The operation becomes relevant if conservative methods are ineffective.

Drug treatment

When treating bile reflux, patients are required to review their diet in order to improve gastric and intestinal motility. Diet becomes an important component of therapy, enhancing the effect of prescribed drugs.

You need to eat in small portions, avoiding overeating. After getting up from the table, you should refrain from physical activity and being in a supine position.

Medicines, remedies, drugs for bile reflux are selected only by a specialist.

The list of medications is presented:

1. Selective prokinetics. Their task is to increase the muscle tone of the sphincters and normalize the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, Motilium, Cisapride, Domperidone, Cerucal are prescribed.
2. Antacids. Drugs like Maalox or Almagel reduce acidity levels.
3. The hepatoprotective agent Ursofalk, which contains ursodeoxycholic acid. The drug converts bile acids into water-soluble ones, reducing their toxicity.
4. Antispasmodics to cope with painful discomfort. Papaverine is usually prescribed.
5. Proton pump inhibitors. Medicines like Omeprazole and Nexium control the level of hydrochloric acid by blocking the functioning of the secreting glands.
6. Drugs that improve gallbladder motility. Example effective remedy− magnesium sulfate.

Unauthorized changes in dosage are dangerous to health. The appearance of negative changes in well-being while taking medications is a reason to consult a doctor.

As prescribed by the attending doctor, who knows how to treat bile reflux, as well as gastritis that develops in the future, the patient can undergo physical therapy. In particular, high-frequency devices are used to enhance the effect of the main course.

Sessions are scheduled for morning hours. Breakfast is not allowed. The effect on diseased organs is through the skin.

Physiotherapy helps:

• disappearance pathological changes in the esophagus and stomach;
• increasing the performance of organs due to the normalization of their muscle tone;
• improving blood flow;
• strengthening immune forces.

To get the desired effect, 10 to 20 procedures are needed.

Traditional methods

After mandatory consultation with the doctor, the patient can use the products traditional medicine. It is important to understand what is suitable for combating bile reflux or gastritis, and what can cause serious harm.

In a healthy body, bile produced by the liver is one of the important elements in the digestive system. With its help, there is a change from gastric to intestinal digestion. And during normal functioning of the body, bile should not appear in the stomach, and its appearance there disrupts correct flow digestion of food.

Causes

Nature intended that food could pass through human body only in one direction - from top to bottom, with the exception of such a defensive reaction as vomiting, which allows you to remove toxic substances from the body. Food, through the oral cavity, enters the esophagus, then into the stomach, from there into the duodenum and further down the intestines. Return to reverse side food is prevented by the sphincter - a muscular valve that allows the chyme (bolus of food) to pass through only in one direction. The entry of bile into the stomach means that the sphincter separating the stomach from the duodenum is susceptible to one or another pathology, which leads to relaxation of the muscles in it.

But still, the main reasons why bile is released into the stomach lie in spasms of the gallbladder, due to liver disease, and cholelithiasis.

The reasons may be:

• Pregnancy. The growing fetus puts pressure on the duodenum and because of this, bile refluxes into the stomach.
• Congenital anatomical defects.
• Injuries, tumors and hernias. The principle is similar to the previous one, due to mechanical compression of the duodenum, bile overcomes the resistance of the muscular valve.
• Incorrect or excessive use of antispasmodics or muscle relaxants.
• The consequences of surgery, in which the sphincter muscles were partially affected, can lead to the fact that bile acids will penetrate higher into the body unhindered and on an ongoing basis.

People who have no signs of illness can also suffer from bile entering the stomach. digestive system. Causes associated with bile reflux:

• Overeating on a regular basis.
• Frequent consumption of fatty, fried, smoked, salted or highly peppered foods. Stale food can also cause bile to back up into the stomach.
• Eating immediately before bed.
• Drink plenty of fluids during meals, especially carbonated drinks.
• Sudden or severe body movements physical exercise after eating can also cause the reflux of bile into the stomach.

Symptoms

Almost 70% of bile consists of bile acids. When it enters the intestines, it neutralizes the effect gastric juice, helps in the breakdown of fats.

But when bile acids enter the stomach, it injures its mucous membrane, causing inflammation, which can lead to erosion or gastritis. Sometimes, with a large amount of bile in the stomach, the esophagus may suffer. This means that the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter was reduced under the influence of a hostile acidic environment. For the esophagus, the entry of bile into it is very dangerous; it can provoke the degeneration of the epithelium into an atypical form.

Symptoms associated with the reflux of bile into the stomach:

• Drawing pain in the abdomen.
• Belching, often with the release of a small amount of liquid.
• Nausea, vomiting of bile.
• Bitterness in the mouth and a characteristic coating on the tongue.
• Thirst.
• General weakness of the body.

As mentioned above, reflux of bile into the stomach can also occur in healthy people. Symptoms of gastroduodenal reflux differ from: isolated case reflux of bile, only with consistency.

Complications

Symptoms, if bile in the stomach is ignored for a long time, can degenerate into accompanying illnesses, such as:

• Barrett's esophagus. Precancerous condition. This was achieved due to the fact that bile regularly entered the esophagus, thereby injuring its lower sections.
• Reflux gastritis. In other words, inflammation of the stomach lining due to bile.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease. A disease in which the contents of the stomach regularly enter the esophagus and injure its walls.

Diagnostics

Despite the many modern species diagnostics, to identify bile in the stomach, one of the main methods is still collecting anamnesis and full examination abdominal cavity. For this we use:

• Laboratory tests of functional liver samples.
• Duodenal sounding and endoscopic ultrasonography.
• MRX – necessary for identifying primary stage formation of stones.
• Cholescintigraphy – exact method determination of tone parameters in the gallbladder.
• Ultrasound – to exclude cholelithiasis and determine the size of the gallbladder.
• Choledochoscintigraphy. Detects contractile disorders of the sphincter of Oddi.
• Endoscopic ultrasonography – to determine the size of gallstones, if any.
• Hyperkinesia is a test for indications for surgery.

And only after all the examinations have been carried out, the doctor will be able to choose the optimal treatment for removing bile from the stomach.

Treatment

Treatment is mainly aimed at recovery normal operation bile flow and pancreatic secretion. For this use:

Diet is important in treating reflux. It helps if not eliminated painful symptoms, then at least alleviate the course of the disease. Dietary treatment is based on fractional meals, up to 6 times a day, in small portions. The patient needs to completely review his diet and exclude from it:

• Fatty foods.
• Salty.
• Roast.
• Smoked.
• Spicy seasonings.
• Alcohol and carbonated drinks.

And also limit the amount of animal fats you consume, vegetable oils and rich broths.

To improve intestinal function and prevent the formation of sediment in the gallbladder, patients are recommended to eat bran. And in the basic diet, to normalize bowel movements, you need:

• pears;
• dried apricots;
• prunes;
• watermelons;
• carrot;
• pumpkin and zucchini;

It is also worth remembering that bile in the stomach is only a syndrome, not a disease, and treatment, first of all, should be aimed at getting rid of the reason why bile acids enter the stomach. In finding the real reason bile reflux will be helped by a thorough diagnosis, which can identify and treat the underlying disease. If it is impossible to completely rid the patient of his illness, symptomatic therapy is used. It is aimed at improving the quality of life of the victim and reducing clinical manifestations diseases.

Prevention

If there is a reflux of bile into the stomach, then the main symptoms, such as burning and pain, can be eliminated by drinking about half a liter of boiled water.

If you suspect bile reflux, you need to review your diet:

1. Add to morning meal oatmeal, jelly or kefir.
2. Do not overeat; after eating you should still feel a slight feeling of hunger.
3. Stop smoking.
4. Reduce the amount of juices, coffee, broths, and alcohol consumed.

Heartburn in the stomach can be physiologically justified or pathological. It occurs extremely rarely in a healthy person and does not cause damage to the body. Pathology is considered when bile is thrown into the stomach and esophagus on an ongoing basis. Normally, this process is prevented by the protective sphincter of the duodenum. Under the influence of disease, the sphincter ceases to perform its functions. A lumen forms in it through which bile passes. In such a situation, doctors recommend starting treatment with medications. If this does not help, then you have to resort to surgery.

Causes of bile entering the stomach

The liver produces bile, and then it goes into gallbladder and duodenum. This fluid is needed by the body for digestion. Reflux is the reflux of bile into the stomach and esophagus. The process is accompanied by a burning sensation in the area solar plexus and throat. Bile has increased acidity. Therefore, there is a risk of getting a burn to the mucous tissue of the esophagus.

Causes of bile reflux from the duodenum:

• Tumors of the abdominal organs. They cause mechanical compression of the duodenum. Under pressure, bile overcomes protective valves that prevent the physiological release of fluids.
• Pregnancy. The fetus compresses the organs and has mechanical impact on the intestines. Because of this, fluids leave the intestines and enter the stomach.
• Medicines. One of the reasons affecting intestinal motility. Taking antispasmodics and muscle relaxants reduces muscle tone protective sphincter. Due to weakening of the tone, a lumen is formed through which bile passes.
• Excess weight and systematic overeating. As a result of obesity, there is a shift internal organs. This leads to a pathological opening of the intestinal valve.
• Operations. Pathology occurs when the sphincter muscle fibers are cut. After tissue fusion, a deformation of its shape remains, which leads to dysfunction of the organ.
• Chronic duodenitis. A disease that is accompanied by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the duodenum. Because of this, tissue swelling occurs. The intestinal lumen narrows significantly, which slows down the passage of food. Under pressure, the contents return to the stomach.
• Reflux after gallbladder removal. Similar situation called postcholecystectomy syndrome. In this case, the amount of bile is produced in large quantities. It is able to leave the intestine and enter the stomach. Bile reflux often occurs after physical work. There is a risk of developing chronic gastritis.
• Cirrhosis of the liver.
• Sleeping on the left side after eating.
• Abuse of alcohol or coffee.

Symptoms

The reflux of bile into the stomach and esophagus itself is not a symptom of the disease. This situation also happens in healthy people. A pathological process is considered to be a long course of reflux and its constant relapses.

Symptoms of the disease:

• Painful sensations in the abdomen. This indicates the development pathological processes organs of the gastrointestinal tract. There will be no clear localization of pain.
• Heartburn. The stomach begins to spasm when bile enters. It goes into the esophagus and then into the oral cavity. Irritation of the mucous membrane occurs. This process is accompanied by a burning sensation behind the chest.
• Gas formation. Accompanied by an unpleasant odor from the mouth. Sometimes the belching takes on a bitter taste.
• Vomit.
• Plaque on the tongue.
• Feeling of heaviness in the stomach.

In children early age Reflux is manifested by excessive regurgitation after feeding. This may be due to congenital anatomical feature Gastrointestinal tract. In this case, it is necessary to feed the child in small portions. Severe intestinal obstruction is eliminated surgically.

Treatment

The disease is a syndrome that combines several symptoms simultaneously. It is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease, but not its symptoms. Treatment is carried out through medications or surgery.

Drug therapy:

• Drugs that accelerate intestinal motility. Selective agents allow you to speed up the emptying of the intestines from contents. This will prevent the accumulation of bile and its release beyond the duodenum.
• Reducing acidity. Proton pump inhibitors reduce acid levels in gastrointestinal fluids. This allows you to reduce trauma to the mucous membrane when throwing bile. The most popular drugs in this group are esomeprazole and rabeprazole.
• Ursofalk. The drug changes the structure of bile acid to a more watery one. You need to take 250 mg per day. Taking tablets is indicated when constant burping and vomiting. You should also follow a diet so as not to burden the gastrointestinal tract during periods of weakened acidity.
• Antacids. Their effect is similar to that of proton pump inhibitors. Antacids are cheaper but provide less long-term relief.

The advanced form of the disease is treated with surgery. An operation is prescribed if a large number of bile. First you need to go through drug therapy. If it doesn't help, then apply surgical intervention. Before the operation, gastroduodenoscopy is prescribed. This study allows you to determine the extent of the lesion and choose the tactics of manipulation.

Intestinal laparoscopy

Surgical intervention:

• Laparoscopy. This modern method an operation that is performed without tissue incisions. The doctor performs all manipulations through punctures, so trauma to the intestines is minimal. The laparoscope is the main instrument in this operation. This is a kind of telescopic tube that displays images on a screen. The tool has 10 mm in diameter. After the manipulations, sutures are applied using a self-absorbing thread.
• Open surgery. Prescribed in the presence of severe intestinal obstruction. The doctor cuts into the duodenum and manually removes the tumor. This method requires care to avoid damaging the intestinal valves. If this happens, the bile will continue to come out. At the end, a sealed suture is applied. It must be applied so that the contents of the intestines do not leak out. If the seam is leaky, the person’s well-being will deteriorate in the near future after the operation.

Treatment with folk remedies

Folk remedies will help get rid of many unpleasant symptoms, which appear when bile is released. Such therapy can only be used after a medical examination.. It is necessary to identify the source of the disease before starting treatment.

Herbal compositions:

• A remedy that reduces pain and inflammation of the mucous membranes. You will need to mix lemon balm leaves, crushed flax seeds, chamomile, licorice root and motherwort in equal proportions. Pour 500 ml of boiling water over the resulting mixture. Evaporate in a water bath for 10 minutes. Before use, it is necessary to strain the composition and cool. Take 1/4 cup four times a day.
• Mix in equal proportions calamus root, anise fruit, white damselfish herb, oregano, mint and fireweed leaves. All ingredients are mixed and crushed. Fill with water at room temperature. Leave to infuse dark place about two hours. After this, the composition is heated for 20 minutes in a water bath. Before your appointment medicinal composition should be cooled. The product allows you to reduce the amount of bile in the stomach and reduce its harmful effects on the mucous membranes.
• Mix knotweed root, plantain leaves, grass in equal proportions shepherd's purse, medicinal dandelions, oregano herb, chamomile and yarrow inflorescences. Brew the resulting mixture for 20 minutes. Take a quarter glass on an empty stomach three times a day.

Recipes for treating reflux:

• Potatoes can relieve heartburn. It must be grated on a fine grater. Squeeze the resulting mass through cheesecloth into a glass. Potato juice must be drunk on an empty stomach. You can add sugar to tone it down bad taste juice
• Soda. Allows you to get rid of heartburn literally immediately after use. Soda affects the acidity of bile, completely depriving it of its properties. You need to mix two tablespoons of baking soda in a glass of water. You should drink in small portions. Apply directly during the reflux of bile into the esophagus and stomach. Soda must be used with caution: it quickly develops peptic ulcer stomach.
• Dill infusion, for removal inflammatory processes. Crush two teaspoons of dill, pour into a glass hot water. Cover the vessel with the infusion with a lid and leave for two hours. The decoction must be strained before taking. Drink one tablespoon before meals.

Diet

Diet is a necessary part of therapy for reflux. The first days after surgery, it is allowed to consume only light chicken bouillon. It should be non-greasy. By the end of the week, it is added to the diet vegetable puree. The menu expands as you recover.

Foods prohibited for reflux:

• any citrus fruits;
• cranberry;
• tomato juice;
• sour fruits;
• fresh vegetables;
• fried potatoes;
• raw onion;
• pork and beef;
• fatty dairy products;
• pasta;
• alcohol, tea and coffee;
• seasonings;
• sauces;
• fatty desserts.

List of permitted products:

• lean poultry;
• bananas;
• boiled potatoes;
• carrot;
• beans;
• peas;
• low-fat dairy products;
• dry bread;
• rice (but not pilaf).

• break meals into small portions throughout the day;
• chew food thoroughly;
• the last meal should be three hours before bedtime;
• sleep on a high pillow;
• do not drink drinks at night;
• no smoking;
• drink a small amount of warm water;
• avoid stress.