Inflammation of the tonsils: causes, symptoms and treatment of inflamed tonsils. What to do if the tonsil is inflamed on one side

Inflammation of the tonsils is a group of diseases characterized by infectious lesion elements of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring. The chronic form of this inflammation is observed in 15% of people in the world.

Pharyngeal lymphatic ring: structure, functions

The pharynx, connecting the oral cavity, nasal passages, ears, larynx and esophagus, is equipped with six tonsils. The two tonsils, which are most often attacked by microbes, are located on both sides of the pharynx. A little deeper, the area of ​​the pharyngeal opening is “guarded” by a pair of tubal tonsils. They owe their name to the proximity of the Eustachian tubes connecting the pharynx to the ears. In the upper part of the pharynx, at the junction of the nasal cavity with the pharynx, there is a single pharyngeal tonsil. The lymphatic ring is closed by the lingual tonsil, “hidden” under the root of the tongue.

All tonsils are composed of lymphatic tissue, in which lymphocytes and antibodies are formed. The pharyngeal lymphatic ring serves as a “all-round defense” against infectious agents entering the pharynx with air. The strength of the immune system also depends on the condition of the tonsils; their inflammation usually indicates a decrease in protective forces.

A healthy person, or rather, his tonsils are quite capable of coping with the attacking infection. However, with a “massive” attack against a background of weakened immunity, inflammation of certain tonsils occurs.

What reasons can cause inflammation of the tonsils?

Inflammation of the tonsils is an infectious process. Microbes can get into the lymphatic formations in the throat different ways. Causes of inflammation of the tonsils:

Ingress of pathogenic cocci (staphylococci, pneumococci, more often streptococci) with air. The disease usually occurs after hypothermia. More often, children suffer from inflammation of the tonsils due to weak immunity and non-compliance with behavioral norms in winter (long walks, drinking cold drinks in winter, etc.).
Contact with a patient with tonsillitis. The infection is transmitted through the air when a patient sneezes or coughs. Infection is possible through dishes and personal hygiene items (towels, Toothbrush), which was used by a sick person.
Chronic areas of infection of the mouth and nose. Carious teeth, inflamed gums, and a runny nose can cause inflammation of the tonsils. With a stuffy nose, a person has to breathe through the mouth; microbes with cold air (cooling effect) enter the warm and moist tonsils and begin to multiply rapidly.
Chronic tonsillitis. Chronically inflamed tonsils are a breeding ground for infection. Even with minimal hypothermia, the disease becomes more active.

According to etiology they distinguish:

• bacterial damage to lymphatic tissue;
• fungal infection (if the immune system is weakened, fungi living in a latent state in oral cavity, are activated);
• viral infection - monocytic tonsillitis;
• herpetic (causative agent - herpes virus).

Clinical picture of inflammation

Symptoms of inflammation of the tonsils vary depending on the location and severity of the lesion, the state of the immune system and the type of infectious agent.

The main symptoms of inflammation of the tonsils:

• soreness, hyperemia (redness) of the throat;
• enlargement and tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes;
• temperature increase;
• signs of intoxication: general malaise, headaches, body aches.

Inflammation palatine tonsils
The palatine tonsils are most susceptible to infection, as they are the first to encounter attacking microbes. Otherwise, inflammation is called sore throat or acute tonsillitis. Develops within a few hours of infection and begins with a sore throat and rapidly developing symptoms.

Catarrhal sore throat

Catarrhal tonsillitis is characterized by low-grade fever (temperature up to 38°C), redness and swelling of the throat, and moderate pain. Most light form acute tonsillitis.

Follicular tonsillitis

Symptoms of inflammation of the tonsils are more pronounced. Against the background of hyperemic tonsils, small purulent foci of a white-yellowish color appear.

Lacunar tonsillitis

A vivid picture of the disease with filling of the lacunae with purulent contents. Severe intoxication of the body (weakness, headaches, chills). The temperature rises to 40°C.

Quinsy

More often, an abscess forms on one gland. The most severe course of acute tonsillitis.

Inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil

Inflammatory lesions of the pharyngeal tonsil, popularly called adenoids, can occur either as an independent disease or in combination with a sore throat. Adenoiditis can be a complication of chronic sinusitis, in which the adenoids grow (hypertrophy).

Against the background of difficulty breathing and increased temperature, mucopurulent discharge flows down the back wall of the pharynx. It is for this reason that the patient may suffer night cough. Often the pathological process involves eustachian tubes. In this case, one- or two-sided irradiation of pain into the ears and hearing loss may be observed.

Chronic adenoiditis, however, like tonsillitis, is characterized by severe weakness, headaches, and a slight increase in temperature.

Lesions of the lingual tonsil

The lingual tonsil is a rare location inflammatory process. The infection is located on the back of the tongue. Clinical picture of inflammation lingual tonsil has its own characteristics:

• the patient has difficulty moving his tongue;
• difficulty swallowing and chewing;
• inability to clearly pronounce sounds.

Inflammation pipe tonsils

are often confused with ear disease, as they are almost always accompanied ear pain. Differences between inflammation of the tubal tonsils and otitis media:

• parotid lymph nodes are not always enlarged; they take on most of the infection submandibular lymph nodes;
• pain occurs in the throat and only then spreads to one or both ears;
• on the back wall of the pharynx you can see flowing mucus or pus;
• clear signs of intoxication.

Inflammation of the tonsils in children often manifests itself more clearly than in adults. An immature immune system is unable to cope with the massive proliferation of microbes. Children often experience convulsions due to high fever. A severe cough caused by pus draining down the throat sometimes provokes a gag reflex.

How to determine the type of inflammation of the tonsils?

In the diagnosis of inflammation of the tonsils important has not so much the location of the pathological process as the determination of the type of pathogen.

To determine beta-hemolytic streptococcus, the most common “provocateur” of sore throat, special tests are performed. Few clinics have rapid testing equipment, usually swabs are taken to confirm bacterial etiology. However, doctors usually do not wait for the test response (prepared within several days), but based on the clinical picture, they prescribe antibacterial treatment.

Monocytic (viral) sore throat

Signs of inflammation in the throat are accompanied by an enlargement of the spleen, liver and clusters of lymph nodes distant from the throat. With viral sore throat, specific changes are observed in the blood test.

May be a consequence long-term use antibiotics. Characteristic sign fungal inflammation of the tonsils: a cheesy coating on them. In this case, prescribing antibiotics is absolutely not advisable and can worsen the overall picture. Antifungal drugs are prescribed.

The herpes virus is activated when the immune system is weakened and can cause a sore throat. Herpes can spread to the tonsils from herpetic eruptions on the lips. More often, this type of inflammation of the tonsils is observed in children. Bubbles with transparent contents appear on the surface of the tonsils and the posterior wall of the pharynx. There is a possibility of joining bacterial infection and suppuration of the tonsils. Treated with antiviral drugs.

Principles of treatment

For any type of inflammatory process, the following general rules must be observed:

• isolation of the patient (allocation of limited space, personal dishes, towels);
• bed rest For get well soon and to avoid complications;
• drink plenty of fluids (decoctions of chamomile, rosehip, sage, tea with lemon);
• rinsing with aqueous solutions of antiseptics (Iodinol, Lugol, Rivanol, Furacillin, etc.) is required;
• (Inhalipt, Kameton, etc.).

Important! To ensure effectiveness, rinses are carried out hourly. Perfectly eliminates the symptoms of inflammation of the tonsils by rinsing with a warm soda solution (1 teaspoon per 1 cup of water) every 30 minutes. within 2-3 days.

Treatment aimed at eliminating the pathogen

Compliance general rules can only speed up recovery. However for complete cure drugs directed at the pathogen are needed. Depending on the established etiology of inflammation of the tonsils, the following specific treatment is prescribed:

• in tablets, injections;
• antiviral drugs for viral etiology of the disease;
• antifungal treatment when a fungal infection is detected;
• antiherpetic drugs for inflammatory processes caused by the herpes virus.

Important!
Prescribing antibiotics is advisable only for bacterial infection of the tonsils. In other cases, such a prescription may be ineffective, and sometimes will unnecessarily aggravate the inflammatory process.
Relying solely on traditional methods in the treatment of inflammation of the tonsils can lead to the spread of the disease to other organs. “Grandma’s” recipes are beneficial with simultaneous treatment prescribed by the attending physician.

The effectiveness of treatment is usually noticeable within 2-3 days. If there is no noticeable improvement, tonsil inflammation should be re-diagnosed and treated differently. Usually the duration of treatment is 7-10 days. However, the appearance of complications in the form of an abscess can delay the recovery process and require more strong drugs or surgery.

Inflammation of the tonsils, due to its prevalence, can be underestimated and deprived of attention. The effectiveness of treatment and a successful outcome without complications depends on the timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. At the first signs of inflammation of the tonsils, you should consult a doctor. The risk of disease can be significantly reduced good nutrition, sufficient intake of vitamins, strengthening the immune system through hardening, regular walks and physical activity.

Differential diagnosis of diseases is perhaps one of the most difficult tasks performed during a diagnostic search. Need to match correctly objective signs, complaints and anamnestic data, that is, information about events preceding the disease. When it comes to tonsillitis, symptoms of inflammation of the tonsils and other tonsils included in the Pirogov-Waldeyer lymphadenoid ring help differentiate the disease from pharyngitis or ARVI. But at the same time, it is necessary to distinguish between numerous types of tonsillitis, which makes it necessary to know what signs are characteristic of different types inflammation of the tonsils.

Inflammation as a typical process

Tonsils are anatomical structures consisting of lymphoid tissue. There are six of them in total: two palatal (also often referred to as “tonsils”), two tubal, one pharyngeal and one lingual. Inflammation can affect any of the tonsils, but independent examination of the pharyngeal cavity (pharyngoscopy) without special devices will allow you to see only the tonsils. The inflammatory process involving the tonsils is called “tonsillitis.”

Experts in the field pathological anatomy, pathological physiology and other medical disciplines classify inflammation of the tonsils differently - depending on the reactivity of the body, the predominance of any disorders in pathogenesis. However, to diagnose tonsillitis, it is important to first distinguish between the following types of inflammatory process:

• spicy;
• chronic.

Acute inflammation is characterized by active development, intense course - and it resolves after a short time, does not last longer than a few weeks. Tissue damage can be quite extensive, but the likelihood full recovery higher - especially if only the superficial layers are affected. If the acute process is stopped in a timely manner, the damaged tissue does not undergo irreversible changes. Plaques, even if they covered the entire tonsil, disappear without leaving scars.

With chronic inflammation, the situation is different. An example is chronic tonsillitis, in which plugs form, and damage due to the proliferation of bacteria and the release of toxins by them continues constantly. We cannot exclude the possibility of the development of hypertrophy (increase in size), the existence of foci of necrosis, and the deposition of calcium salts. Although the course of the chronic inflammatory process is sluggish, it is characterized by exacerbations (relapses), which lead to aggravation of existing disorders.

You need to know that inflammation is considered a typical pathological process. This means that the cascade of reactions that initiate changes in the area of ​​​​inflamed tissue will be the same, regardless of the location of the lesion and the type etiological factor. Inflammation is the result of damage, a violation of adaptive capabilities, it always develops consistently and naturally, over a certain time. Symptoms can be classified as:

1. Local.
2. Are common.

Among the local signs are:

• redness (hyperemia);
• swelling (edema);
• local hyperthermia (local heat);
• pain.

We also must not forget that local violations may be accompanied by changes appearance tonsils due to the appearance of various plaques on the surface of the mucous membrane.

Inflammation of the tonsils should be distinguished from inflammation of the pharynx (pharyngitis) - this is various diseases; a simultaneous combination of symptoms is called tonsillopharyngitis.

With pharyngitis, the back wall of the pharynx is affected, and the tonsils may turn red only partially, at the edges. Since sore throat as a symptom combines both diseases, it is important to conduct an objective examination to the right choice therapy.

Among the general signs of tonsillitis, one should mention, first of all, fever - it can reach different meanings, but one way or another accompanies the inflammatory process, since it is a protective reaction on the part of the immune system. The severity of fever, as well as the severity of local changes, reflects the degree of reactivity of the body.

Most complete picture the pathological process will be when acute type inflammatory reactions, since chronic inflammation of the glands, as mentioned earlier, has a less pronounced course and in a state of remission (between exacerbations) its signs are erased. In addition, most general and local signs (such as violation general condition, increased general and local temperature, noticeable swelling and redness, severe pain) are not typical for chronic tonsillitis, unless we are talking about a relapse.

Acute banal tonsillitis

Acute banal tonsillitis, or sore throat, is understood as acute inflammation of the tonsils, which has bacterial etiology(beta-hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus). It is important to remember that violations during acute inflammation appear suddenly, “acutely,” and grow rapidly.

Catarrhal sore throat

All local signs of an inflammatory reaction are present. The tonsils swell, turn red, and there is a sore throat, especially pronounced when swallowing, but there is no plaque. The palatine arches may also become inflamed.

Follicular tonsillitis

Inflammation of the tonsils is characterized by widespread swelling and redness. In this case, the follicles in which pus has accumulated are visible through the mucous membrane, looking like whitish and yellowish dots (round, 1 to 3 mm in size) on the surface of the tonsils.

Lacunar tonsillitis

Swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane is combined with the appearance of island plaques. At the beginning of the disease they are small, located separately, but then merge and form films of a white-yellow hue. This plaque can cover the entire tonsil and persists for several days.

Plaque in the lacunar form of inflammation is removed with a spatula without damaging the mucous membrane and does not extend beyond the tonsils.

This important sign, allowing to distinguish lacunar tonsillitis from diphtheria. When examining, one should also not forget about mixed sore throat - it is not so common and combines symptoms of different forms. Inflammation of the tonsils on the one hand can be catarrhal, and on the other - follicular, lacunar.

Banal tonsillitis is characterized by similar general manifestations - weakness, headache, febrile fever (38-38.9°C). Regional lymph nodes are enlarged and painful. In this case, the phenomena of intoxication can be striking in any form, especially if the patient - Small child. But usually the most severe course is catarrhal.

Other types

In addition to banal tonsillitis, inflammation of the tonsils can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and pathogenic fungi. Sore throat, in fact, is diphtheria of the tonsils, scarlet fever; symptoms of tonsillitis are observed with measles, herpetic infection, may be present in leukemia, typhoid fever, tularemia. It is impossible to describe a single picture that would accurately illustrate all the changes observed in all types of tonsillitis. Therefore, it is advisable to pay attention to the features of the most common pathologies:

• diphtheria;
• scarlet fever;
• herpetic sore throat.

Diphtheria is one of the most dangerous forms tonsil lesions. This is explained not only by a special type of inflammation (fibrinous), but also by the active production of a toxin by the pathogen, Corynebacterium. Local signs of diphtheria:

• enlargement of the tonsils due to edema;
• mild redness, sometimes with a cyanotic tint;
• the presence of dirty gray, whitish deposits with a smooth, sometimes wavy surface;
• moderate pain when swallowing.

Inflammation of the tonsils in diphtheria is characterized by the spread of dense plaque beyond their anatomical boundaries; When you try to remove it, the mucous membrane bleeds.

With scarlet fever, not only inflammation of the tonsils is observed, but also inflammation of the back wall of the pharynx and severe sore throat. Language changes are also characteristic - dense white coating at the beginning of the disease and acquiring a bright pink hue after a few days. Symptoms of a sore throat are combined with a skin rash, the changes correspond to the picture of a common sore throat; at necrotic form areas of necrosis in the form of ulcers on the surface of the tonsil are visible.

Signs of inflammation of the tonsils with herpetic sore throat include:

The rash can be located not only on the tonsils, but often spreads to the palatine arches, uvula, and pharynx. Bubbles appear with the formation of defects in the mucous membrane, usually not prone to fusion.

General signs depend on the form of the flow and a number of other factors. However, diphtheria is more often characterized by a moderate febrile reaction, while scarlet fever and herpetic sore throat are characterized by febrile and pyretic (38-39.9 ° C) indicators. The patient’s well-being is determined by the degree of intoxication - usually there is a headache, lethargy, pain in muscles and joints without a specific localization.

Chronic tonsillitis

What symptoms differentiate acute from chronic tonsillitis? Both local and general signs are important. Moreover, during an objective examination, pus is always visualized, both in liquid consistency and in the form of plugs, filling the gaps. The formation of plugs is one of the manifestations indicating the long-term existence of a pathological process. In addition, the tonsils can be increased in size, fused with the arches, and adhesions often form between them.

Also characteristic of chronic tonsillitis are:

• Zaka (swelling of the edges upper sections palatine arches);
• Giese (redness of the edges of the arches);
• Preobrazhensky (impregnation with pus and redness of the edges of the palato-lingual arches);
• bad smell from the mouth, not caused by caries, diseases of the digestive system;
• a feeling of discomfort in the throat, mild pain when swallowing.

Palpation of regional lymph nodes painful, their increase in size is determined. Some patients are bothered by ear pain, periodic coughing, and nonproductive cough.

Inflammation of the tonsils in the chronic form of tonsillitis is observed for many months and even years and does not regress on its own.

How else do inflamed tonsils manifest themselves - symptoms general have special features? With chronic tonsillitis, patients are concerned about persistent weakness, fatigue, decreased ability to work, and loss of body weight. Pain in the joints, in the heart area, and episodes of low-grade fever (37.1-37.9°C) occur periodically. It is noted that episodes of exacerbation have manifestations similar to the banal purulent form of tonsillitis.

Inflammation of the tonsils is a very common disease that can affect both adults and children. It can be caused by a variety of factors. Let's take a closer look at the symptoms of inflammation of the tonsils and treatment methods. of this disease.

Inflammation of the tonsils: causes

Inflammation of the tonsils can occur for the following reasons:

1. Damage to the tonsils streptococcal infection.

2. Severe hypothermia of the body.

3. Smoking.

4. Severe psycho-emotional stress, which led to a decrease in immunity. In this state, a person becomes more vulnerable to various diseases, including inflammation of the tonsils.

5. Viral lesion tonsils usually leads to acute inflammation.

6. Spicy infectious diseases nasopharynx (sore throat, scarlet fever).

7. Hereditary predisposition to inflammation of the tonsils.

8. Failure to comply with hand hygiene rules, which led to direct infection in the mouth.

9. Foci of inflammation in the mouth or nose (caries, purulent sinusitis, etc.) can also spread pathogenic bacteria and lead to inflammation of the tonsils.

10. Acute lack of nutrients and vitamins.

11. Drinking contaminated water.

12. Inhalation of dirty air and dust (most often this happens during professional activities in poor conditions).

13. Untimely or not correct treatment acute form the disease leads to chronic inflammation of the tonsils.

Inflammation of the tonsils: symptoms and signs

Most often, inflammation of the tonsils is accompanied by the following manifestations in patients:

1. The disease develops rapidly. On the first day, a person develops weakness and body aches. The temperature rises.

2. Gradually the patient begins to feel discomfort and a burning sensation in the throat. After a few days, the tonsils turn red and become covered with a white or yellow coating (depending on the cause of the disease).

3. Lymph nodes in the throat area are greatly enlarged. The patient feels all the symptoms of intoxication of the body (nausea, headache, sleep disturbance, muscle pain).

4. If treatment is not started in the first three days after infection, the person will develop characteristic wheezing in their breathing. The voice will disappear.

5. Inflammation of the tonsils is also characterized by the appearance of acute pain when swallowing. At the same time, sometimes pain syndrome so strong that the patient literally cannot eat or talk.

6. If you are severely affected by a bacterial infection, you may experience an unpleasant rotten smell from your mouth. It is also likely that purulent discharge from the tonsils will appear, especially in the morning.

7. An unpleasant taste in the mouth occurs due to the spread of infection and pathogens in the oral cavity.

Inflammation of the tonsils: diagnosis and treatment

If the first symptoms of the disease occur, you should immediately contact an otolaryngologist. At the initial appointment, the specialist will examine the oral cavity, tongue and tonsils. He will also ask you to tell in detail about the symptoms of the disease, the duration of its course and the presence of chronic pathologies.

After this, the doctor will prescribe the following mandatory diagnostic procedures:

A smear from the tonsils for bacteriological examination;

General blood and urine analysis;

Advanced clinical analysis blood for the presence of streptococcus bacteria;

Detection of immunoglobulins.

Treatment of inflammation of the tonsils is selected for each patient individually depending on the cause of the pathology, symptoms and general condition of the person. This therapy is primarily aimed at eliminating pain and inflammation.

Traditional treatment inflammation of the tonsils has the following features:

2. If the tonsils are damaged by streptococci and other bacterial microorganisms, the patient should be prescribed antibiotics wide range actions. Helps best antibacterial drugs penicillin group (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin). If the patient does not tolerate such medications well, then the drug Cephalexin can be used to replace them.

The duration of antibiotic treatment should be 7-10 days. After this, you need to take a second smear from the tonsils for examination, and if the infection is suppressed, you can stop antibiotic therapy.

3. At high temperatures, the patient is prescribed antipyretic drugs (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol).

4. To reduce swelling of the throat, you need to use antihistamines.

5. To suppress the virus, you need to use antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs.

6. Analgesics are prescribed for pain. These can be either oral medications or lozenges for sore throats (Faringosept).

7. Throat sprays with an antibacterial effect (Inhalipt spray, Chlorophyllipt) help very well.

9. During the treatment period, the patient should avoid eating spicy, fatty, fried and sour foods, as they will irritate the laryngeal mucosa and cause even more pain.

Also, you should not eat too cold or hot food, so as not to further injure your already sore throat.

If there is no positive effect from traditional drug treatment, the patient is prescribed a surgical procedure to remove the tonsils. Typically, this method is used when a person develops breathing problems due to illness (the tonsils become so enlarged that they block the normal flow of air into the throat).

It is important to know, that surgery to remove tonsils is contraindicated in pregnancy, hemophilia and other blood disorders, as well as in patients with diabetes.

The recovery period after such a procedure is usually 1-2 weeks.

Inflammation of the tonsils: treatment, complications, prevention

If you don't timely diagnosis and treatment, then this disease can cause the following complications in the patient’s condition:

1. Impaired respiratory function.

2. Shortness of breath and dizziness.

3. Chronic weakness and pain in the throat.

4. Irregularities in work of cardio-vascular system.

5. Appearance rheumatic diseases musculoskeletal system.

6. Performance deterioration thyroid gland sick.

7. The appearance of malfunctions in the kidneys.

8. Severe intoxication of the body due to damage by bacteria and viruses.

9. Due to the fact that during acute inflammation of the tonsils in a patient’s throat, streptococci and other dangerous microbes actively multiply in the throat, they release toxins that enter the patient’s blood.

These dangerous particles are carried through the bloodstream and affect the lymphatic system. As a result, a person may develop inflammation of the lymph nodes, which is also called lymphadenitis.

10. With purulent inflammation of the tonsils, the patient may develop sepsis. This condition is very dangerous. It requires immediate surgical, medical, and sometimes intensive care treatment.

To prevent inflammation of the tonsils, you should adhere to the following recommendations of the otolaryngologist:

1. Avoid severe hypothermia. It is especially necessary to “insulate” the legs, neck and lower back, as they are most exposed to freezing.

2. Quit smoking and drinking alcohol.

3. Start to harden. However, such procedures must be done gradually. It is best to practice drying with a cold towel first.

4. Strengthen the immune system in every possible way. To do this, it is useful to start playing sports, walk more in the fresh air and eat a balanced diet so that the body gets everything it needs. useful material and vitamins.

5. When the first signs of inflammation of the tonsils appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. It is not recommended to practice self-medication, since you first need to find out the root cause of the disease, and based on this, select suitable drugs.

6. When working in poor conditions and inhaling dust, be sure to wear a protective mask.

7. You should drink only purified water (preferably boiled).

8. It is very important to promptly treat those diseases that can lead to inflammation of the tonsils. This is especially true for pathologies of the teeth, nasopharynx and sinuses.

9. Avoid drinking cold food and liquids.

10. During periods of outbreaks of respiratory diseases, you need to take vitamin complexes and drugs to strengthen the body's defenses (immunomodulators). They must be prescribed by a doctor. Also, for prevention, you can gargle with decoctions of chamomile, sage or St. John's wort. This procedure should be done twice a day (morning and evening).

Inflammation of the tonsils is one of the most common diseases in children and adults. The tonsils become inflamed due to viral and bacterial infections, severe hypothermia or hundreds of other reasons, so there is no need to worry about occasional sore throats. But if inflammation of the tonsils becomes chronic or develops more often than 3-4 times a year, you must definitely find out what caused the disease and how to get rid of the source of the problem.

Causes of inflammation of the tonsils

Tonsils are a collection of lymphoid tissue and lymphoid nodules, within which lymphocytes are formed - cells that destroy pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Some of the resulting lymphocytes enter the bloodstream, and some actively protect the oral cavity and Airways, preventing the further advancement of microbes.

The palatine tonsils, or tonsils as they are called, are an organ of immune defense that should retain everything dangerous microorganisms“at the entrance” preventing them from penetrating inside the human body. The palatine tonsils are located on both sides of the pharynx, behind the tongue and are clearly visible if you open your mouth. It is them that the doctor always looks at, asking them to say “ah-ah.” It is the palatine tonsils that become inflamed most often, causing the patient to suffer from a sore throat and cough.

In addition to the palatine tonsils, there are 3 more types of tonsils located in the human pharynx:

• tubal - paired tonsils located deep in the pharynx, not visible during external examination, rarely become inflamed;
• pharyngeal tonsils - located in the vault of the pharynx at the back wall. Most often they become inflamed in preschool and school age. Inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil is called adenoiditis or adenoids;
• lingual tonsil is small, located at the root of the tongue, inflamed mainly in adults, this disease is very rare.

Every day our body encounters hundreds of thousands of pathogens, most of them are successfully destroyed by immune cells, but sometimes the immune defense organs are unable to cope with the infection and then inflammation develops in the body.

Causes of inflammation of the tonsils

• respiratory infection - viruses, staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci constantly attack our body. If microorganisms enter the oral cavity in limited quantities or the immune system is strong enough, then pathogenic microbes are destroyed immediately, but if the number of microorganisms is too large or immunity is reduced, then bacteria and viruses enter the blood, causing inflammation;
• hypothermia - it has been noted that the peak of sore throat occurs in the spring and autumn months. This is due not only to the increasing activity of pathogenic microorganisms, but also to the fact that during this period the immune system weakens greatly. Wet feet, cold drinks, drafts - all these factors, by themselves, cannot cause the disease. They are only provoking factors that weaken the human body, which is why it cannot fully fight microbes;
• chronic foci of infection - often recurrent sore throats occur due to the constant ingress of pathogenic microorganisms from the sinuses, carious teeth, and so on;
• difficult nasal breathing - when breathing through the nose is difficult in cold weather, the tonsils and mucous membrane of the throat become supercooled, which is why local immunity decreases and the risk of inflammation increases several times.

Symptoms of inflammation of the tonsils

When talking about inflammation of the tonsils, they most often mean simple tonsillitis or tonsillitis. The first sign of the disease is a feeling of dryness and discomfort in the throat., the throat is sore, “tears,” “as if sand had been poured into it,” then a sore throat may appear when swallowing, the tonsils increase in size and become painful on palpation.

If the inflammation spreads, these symptoms increased body temperature, fever, headache, cough and aches throughout the body. On examination, the tonsils are enlarged, hyperemic, and swollen. They may appear white or yellow plaque. The patient's voice becomes hoarse; if treatment is not started at this stage, the disease may begin to spread further down the respiratory tract.

There are several types of sore throats:

• Catarrhal– the easiest and most common option, the infection affects only the mucous membrane of the tonsils. The temperature with catarrhal sore throat is subfebrile - up to 37-37.5 C or normal. The state of health suffers slightly, a sore throat occurs only when swallowing, the tonsils are enlarged, hyperemic, but there is no plaque on them. Catarrhal tonsillitis with appropriate treatment goes away in 3-5 days.
• Follicular tonsillitis– it is more severe, the temperature is higher – up to 38-39 degrees, the patient is feverish, has a headache, body aches, his throat hurts not only when swallowing, but also during talking, the pain can radiate to the neck and ears. Upon examination, the tonsils are greatly enlarged in size, hyperemic, and white-yellow dots are clearly visible on their surface - pus that has filled the follicles. Without treatment, follicular tonsillitis can be quite severe and cause complications.
• Lacunar tonsillitis– a more severe form, most often caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus or pneumococcus entering the body. With this disease, the body temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, health deteriorates sharply, the patient feels a sharp pain in the throat, weakness, often cannot get out of bed, suffers from headaches, loss of consciousness or delirium may occur. On examination, the throat is severely hyperemic, the tonsils are enlarged, and large accumulations of pus in the lacunae are visible on their surface. If with follicular tonsillitis it seems that there are small white dots on the tonsils, the size of a pinhead or a grain, then with lacunar - accumulations of pus can reach the size of a pea or more. Lacunar tonsillitis is the most severe, and treatment requires the use of antibiotics and auxiliary agents.
• Quinsy– occurs in weakened patients, with sharp decline immunity or infection with certain types of pathogenic microorganisms. In this form, inflammation spreads to the entire tonsil and surrounding tissues, and an abscess occurs - a cavity filled with pus. Characterized by enlargement of the tonsil on one side, severe pain, increased body temperature to 41-42 degrees, loss of consciousness, weakness and severe fever. To improve the patient's condition, it is necessary for the abscess to burst. Before the use of antibiotic therapy, such a sore throat could cause death, especially in childhood, and was considered a very dangerous disease; in our time, with appropriate treatment, phlegmonous tonsillitis no longer poses such a danger.
• Inflammation of the lingual tonsil- Occurs rarely, except for the symptoms common to all sore throats - increased body temperature, sore throat and general malaise; this form of the disease is characterized by pain when moving the tongue, difficulty chewing and pronouncing sounds.
• Inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil– adenoiditis most often develops as a complication after inflammation of the tonsils and its clinical picture differs little from the classic one. To all of the above symptoms are added difficulty breathing, mucus running down the back wall of the nasopharynx and pain in the ear.

Complications after a sore throat

Sore throat is a dangerous disease, especially in childhood; chronic tonsillitis can become a source of infection in the body, weaken the immune system and cause nasal breathing problems.

But the main reason why all pediatricians are afraid of sore throat is the risk of infection spreading throughout the body. Thus, streptococcus can cause the development of myocarditis or rheumatism - very serious diseases, and other microorganisms can cause inflammation of the kidneys, lungs and other internal organs.

Treatment of sore throat

When treating angina, it is important to begin symptomatic treatment at the first signs of the disease and carry out all procedures regularly and as often as possible.

Drug treatment should be prescribed only by a doctor, after examination and consultation of the patient.

At the first signs of a sore throat you should:

• gargle as often as possible - this helps to mechanically remove microorganisms, suppress their activity, reduce inflammation and painful sensations. You can gargle with any antiseptic solutions - furatsilin solution, decoctions of chamomile, sage, soda-salt solution (0.5 tsp of salt and soda per 1 cup of water), iodine solution (1-2 drops per 1 cup of water), 1% solution hydrogen peroxide (10-30 drops per 1 cup of water), propolis solution (2-5 drops per 1 cup of water) and so on. Such rinses should be carried out as often as possible, up to 10-12 times a day, but at least 4-6 times a day;
• drink more alkaline liquid - the patient needs to drink 2-2.5 liters of liquid per day. This could be warm milk, an hour with lemon and honey, broth, mineral water, compotes, jelly and so on;
• do inhalations - such procedures can only be carried out at normal body temperature. Inhalations are done with sage, chamomile, boiled potatoes or special preparations;
• take lozenges and tablets - various cough lozenges help soothe the throat and reduce inflammation; for sore throat, they can be used as aid. Good effect possess such drugs as Adjisept, Travisil, Faringosept, Sprepsils, Septolete, Angisept and others;
• use sprays - to treat sore throat in young children, you can use spray medications; they help reduce inflammation and destroy microorganisms. For the treatment of sore throat, Ingalipt, Yox, Bioparox, Stopangin and others are used.

When to take antibiotics

If a patient with a sore throat, despite the treatment, maintains a body temperature for more than 2 days, there is a deterioration in the general condition, the cough intensifies or there is excessive salivation, vomiting or loss of consciousness, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor who will prescribe appropriate treatment.

For follicular and lacunar angina It is impossible to do without the use of antibiotics, especially in childhood. Antibiotics are considered the most effective drugs for angina. penicillin series: ampicillin, amoxiclav, amox, augumentin and others. For more severe disease, cephalosporins are prescribed: cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cephalexin, intramuscularly or intravenously, or macrolides: vilprafen, sumamed or azithromycin.

After treating a sore throat, it is very important to follow a gentle regime for 2-3 weeks, avoid hypothermia, overwork, physical and neuropsychic stress, eat well, get plenty of rest and spend at least 1-2 hours a day in the fresh air. Such measures will help avoid the development of complications.

Drug treatment of inflammation of the tonsils includes the use of antibacterial disinfectants for gargling, means to reduce fever and relieve pain, as well as antibiotics (mandatory for purulent inflammation of the tonsils).

Gargling plays an important role in the treatment of inflammation of the tonsils, since

mechanically we reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the larynx and suppress their activity. Solutions have been used for this for decades. boric acid(one teaspoon per glass of water), 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, rivanol solution (teaspoon per 200 ml warm water), furatsilin solution (1 tablet per 100 ml of water). You can use ready-made antimicrobial solutions - iodinol, dioxidine or chlorophyllipt.

To get rid of a sore throat, various pills and lozenges with antiseptic and local anti-inflammatory effects are successfully used. For example, “Sage P” dragees, which are recommended to be kept in the mouth until completely dissolved: adults - no more than 6 pieces per day, and children under 5 years old - no more than two dragees. This remedy is recommended for the treatment of inflammation of the tonsils during pregnancy.

Lozenges "Faringosept" as the main component have the substance ambazone monohydrate with a strong local bacteriostatic effect against streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci. For children over seven years of age and adults permissible daily dose- 3-5 tablets, which must be kept in the mouth until completely dissolved. This drug contains sucrose, so it is best not to use it if diabetes mellitus. But in the treatment of inflammation of the tonsils during pregnancy and lactation, Faringosept can be taken.

A topical antiseptic, Strepsils lozenges and lozenges contain amylmetacresol (a topical antibiotic) and lidocaine hydrochloride (a local anesthetic). Adults and children over 12 years of age are prescribed to take one tablet no more than 5 times a day and no longer than three days.

Lozenges "Doctor Theiss Angi Sept" (with various flavoring additives) contain anethole, dichlorobenzyl alcohol, menthol and peppermint oil. The aromatic ether anethole is used as a fragrance in cosmetics. But dichlorobenzyl alcohol, containing chlorine, belongs to organohalogen compounds, which, when they enter tissues, can accumulate and decompose, which causes changes in the structure of the protein... These tablets have antiseptic effect. It is recommended to dissolve one tablet every 2-3 hours. Contraindications - childhood(up to 5 years), and during pregnancy and breastfeeding they should be taken only after consulting a doctor.

Lozenges “Septolete” (as well as “Septolete D” and “Septolete Neo”), in addition to menthol, thymol, essential oils mint and eucalyptus contain benzalkonium chloride - the strongest antiseptic, active against staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and molds. It is even used to disinfect premises and medical products. “Septoleta” is not recommended for children under 4 years of age, and for the treatment of inflammation of the tonsils during pregnancy and lactation, this drug can be taken only on the recommendation of the attending physician.

Despite the fact that antibiotics, in addition to useful action a lot of side effects, with microbes, causing inflammation tonsils, most often only they can cope. Seeing purulent plaque or follicles on your tonsils, the doctor will certainly prescribe at least a 5-day course of treatment for inflammation of the tonsils with antibiotics using one of the drugs listed below.

Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin with a wide spectrum of bactericidal action. Among its contraindications are hypersensitivity to other penicillins, colitis, renal failure, pregnancy and lactation. A list side effects begins with “harmless” dysbiosis and ends with tachycardia, confusion, behavioral changes and depression. Amoxicillin tablets of 0.5 g are prescribed to adults and children over 10 years of age 3 times a day, and in severe cases - up to 1 g three times a day (before or after meals). The course of treatment is from 5 to 12 days while monitoring the functions of the hematopoietic organs, liver and kidneys.

Amoxiclav is a broad-spectrum antibiotic containing amoxicillin (see above) and the b-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. Adults and children over 12 years of age are prescribed 1 tablet of 375 mg every 8 hours, in case of severe inflammation of the tonsils - 1 tablet of 625 mg three times a day. The course of treatment is 5-14 days - with mandatory monitoring of the liver, kidneys and hematopoietic function.

Analogues of these two drugs are Augmentin, Amosin, Flemoxin Solutab. In combination with antibiotics, doctors prescribe drugs to maintain intestinal microflora: Linex, Acipol, Bifidumbacterin, Biffform, etc.

Vilprafen (and its analogue vilprafen solutab) is an antibiotic of the macrolide group, active substance The drug is josamycin, active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially concentrated in the lungs and tonsils. Vilprafen is available in the form of tablets of 100 and 500 mg. For an adult, the daily dose is 1-2 g (in 3 doses, washed down with a full glass of water); for children, the dosage is calculated depending on their body weight - 40-50 mg per kilogram of weight per day.

Side effects of the drug can be expressed in the form of: stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomatitis, decreased appetite, urticaria, dermatitis, Quincke's edema, jaundice. The use of vilprafen is contraindicated for the treatment of children weighing up to 10 kg, with severe liver dysfunction and with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Use for the treatment of inflammation of the tonsils during pregnancy is permitted after a medical assessment of the benefit to the mother and the possible risk to the fetus.

For local treatment For inflammation of the tonsils, antibiotics are available in the form of a spray: Bioparox, Hexasprey, Tantum Verde. Aerosol products without antibiotics have also proven themselves well: Ingalipt, Kameton and Anti-angin formula. Kameton contains the antiseptic chlorobutanol, camphor and levomenthol. Anti-angina contains the bactericidal substance chlorhexidine, and antimicrobial effect Inhalipt is provided by the soluble sulfonamides included in its composition.

Gargling solutions of various compositions in the treatment of inflammation of the tonsils help relieve pain and cleanse the mucous membrane of the tonsils from purulent plaque. The simplest and at the same time very effective treatment inflammation of the tonsils folk remedies– frequent gargling with a solution of salt and soda. In a glass of lukewarm water you need to take a teaspoon (without a stack) of both components and add 5 drops of alcohol tincture of iodine to them.

Gargling with boiled water and fresh lemon juice (juice of half a fruit per glass of water) will help to significantly reduce a sore throat. At various forms Inflammation of the tonsils in adults and children is perfectly helped by decoctions and infusions of medicinal plants: St. John's wort, sage, chamomile, calendula, stinging nettle, orchis, yarrow, plantain, eucalyptus. They are prepared according to one recipe: take a tablespoon of dry herb per glass of boiling water (you can use 2-3 types of plants at the same time), pour in boiling water, bring to a boil and infuse in a sealed container to a comfortable temperature. The more you rinse, the better.

Traditional medicine has long known how to relieve inflammation of the tonsils. And here in the first place are honey and other beekeeping products. In addition to the benefits of a spoonful of honey, eaten at the first sign of sore throat and sore throat, it is very useful to add a little natural honey(less than a teaspoon per 200 ml) in various herbal compositions for gargling with purulent inflammations tonsils Propolis, which is not inferior to antibiotics in its bactericidal qualities, should be added to the same herbal decoctions - 20 drops of alcohol tincture of propolis per 100 ml of infusion for gargling. Three such rinses during the day are enough. Honeycombs along with brood (comb lids) should be chewed during inflammation of the tonsils at least once a day - for 15 minutes. The powerful antibacterial properties of these bee products manifest themselves especially well in the process of treating inflammation of the lingual tonsil, which gargling does not always “reach”.

And for chronic inflammation of the tonsils in children (tonsillitis), an excellent remedy for lubricating the tonsils is a mixture of 1 part aloe juice and 3 parts liquid (preferably flower) honey. The procedure should be carried out for two weeks - once a day.

ilive.com.ua

Tonsils are small formations of lymphoid tissue that are located at the entrance to the respiratory tract. They belong to the immune system; they produce immune cells - lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells - that destroy invading bacteria.

They got their name from their shape - they look like almond, and almost the same size. But in an inflamed state, the tonsils can greatly increase in size.

Important! Their main function is to trap viruses and bacteria that enter through inhalation in order to prevent infection of the respiratory tract - trachea, bronchi, lungs. Therefore, inflammation of the tonsils is much more common than bronchitis or pneumonia.

Inflammation of the tonsils: symptoms, treatment

Tonsils are porous, inside them there are wide pores - lacunae. Bacteria from the inhaled air enter here and are recognized by the immune system. Weakened frequent inflammations, the tonsils cannot cleanse themselves, so purulent plugs accumulate in the lacunae. They consist of pus, dead cells, bacteria and viruses, and their waste products. These traffic jams are dangerous because:

• cause constant intoxication of the body;
• reduce the functionality of the tonsils;
• are a habitat for bacteria;
• cause bad breath;
• with a slight increase in load on the tonsils they cause inflammation.

What causes inflammation of the tonsils:

• streptococci;
• staphylococci;
• pneumococci;
• Candida fungi;
• coli;
• chlamydia;
• anaerobic bacteria;
• chronic sinusitis, in which bacteria from the sinuses enter the tonsils;
• caries, especially “located” on the back teeth, near the pharynx;
• various viruses.

Inflamed tonsils

You can “catch” a sore throat through contact with a carrier of the infection, drinking from the patient’s cup. Against the background of reduced immunity, chronic infections can also “move” to the tonsils.

Symptoms:

1. Pain – constant or when swallowing, soreness (in the initial stages it can be described as “a sore throat”).
2. Difficulty swallowing saliva.
3. Increased secretion of viscous saliva.
4. Increase in temperature (from 37.7 to 39).
5. Pain when moving the tongue.
6. Difficulty speaking.
7. Sharp or aching pain in the ears, a feeling of stuffiness.
8. Nasal discharge.
9. Body aches, aching pain in muscles and joints.
10. Enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes.

Upon examination, redness and swelling of the mucous membrane, swelling of the tonsils, wide-open lacunae or purulent formations. Often the patient loses his voice due to severe swelling.

Important! With a sore throat, there is no sneezing, as with the flu or acute respiratory viral infection, there is rarely a cough - only if the infection has “seeped” into the throat and caused tracheitis or pharyngitis.

The disease can be acute or chronic. Untreated patients enter the chronic stage acute infection. Let's look at both groups of diseases in more detail.

Acute sore throat

It occurs rapidly, with severe infection. Depending on the type of pathogen and the nature of the infection, there are several types:

1. Catarrhal sore throat– the most common and mildest form of the disease. The infection is present only in the tonsils; the wall of the pharynx practically does not change color. Symptoms: sore throat, which is especially strong when swallowing (at rest it is not even felt), weakness and body aches, a slight increase in temperature, general intoxication. With proper treatment, catarrhal tonsillitis can be cured in a few days. Local application of antibiotics (rinsing, irrigation) is sufficient.
2. Lacunarnaya- more complex form. The temperature rises to 39-40, the patient refuses food, complains of pain in the limbs and lower back. Sore throat radiates to the ear, possibly causing hearing loss. White accumulations of pus are visible on the lacunae, soon covering the entire surface of the tonsils. The purulent plaque is easily cleaned off, but quickly grows again.
3. At follicular purulent accumulations-follicles appear through the mucous membrane of the tonsils, but they do not come to the surface. The spleen is enlarged, there is often abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. The disease lasts from 5 to 7 days.

   Comparison of follicular and catarrhal forms of angina

4. Fibrinous often joins lacunar. A yellow-white film forms on the mucous membrane. Dangerous due to severe intoxication and penetration of infection into the brain.
5. Phlegmonous– rare and most dangerous, it causes destruction of the tonsils. You can recognize it by the specific smell from your mouth. Severe pain is aggravated by the inability to swallow: even liquid food flows out through the nose. Urgent use of antibiotics is necessary to prevent the formation of a peritonsillar abscess.

   Quinsy

6. Herpetic A sore throat is caused by a virus and is accompanied by a blistering rash on the back of the tongue and throat. Gastrointestinal symptoms are often associated: vomiting and abdominal pain.
7. Ulcerative-necrotic often occurs in the elderly. Its causative agent is a spindle-shaped rod, which is present in the bacterial flora of every person. When immunity decreases, it becomes more active. The causes may be cardiovascular diseases, chronic infections of other organs. Symptoms: no fever or weakness, instead of a sore throat there is a feeling foreign body. When the plaque is removed, a bleeding ulcer opens.

It develops as a consequence of acute - with incomplete treatment, as well as with the accumulation of unfavorable factors: weakened immunity, insufficient oral hygiene, existing infections.

Important! Approximately 15% of the world's population suffers from chronic tonsillitis. Often its causes are sinusitis, caries, chronic and untreated infections, including the genitourinary system.

What is chronic tonsillitis

It is characterized by:

1. Loose tonsils with gaping lacunae or plugs in them, the presence of plaque.
2. Constant enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes.
3. Smell from the mouth.
4. Low-grade fever.
5. Increased fatigue.

Exacerbations occur 2-3 times a year, in the form of a mild cold or severe sore throat, which are complicated by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and urinary system, nervous system. Pus accumulates in the tonsils, and over time they lose their protective function.

Causes of tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis is dangerous because it often causes complications:

Acute inflammations of a viral and bacterial nature are treated differently. When viral infection it is necessary to create conditions for the immune system to independently cope with the pathogen. To do this you need:

1. Provide the patient with sufficient rest - bed rest, minimum physical activity, full sleep.
2. Drink plenty of fluids, especially in the first hours of illness. In addition to herbal anti-inflammatory teas, you need to drink a lot of warm water - this will help quickly flush out the toxins produced by viral cells. You need to drink at least 3 liters of liquid per day.
3. To more effectively rid the body of dead viral cells and their metabolic products, sorbents are used ( Sorbex, Maalox, Sorbolut). They should be taken two hours before or two hours after taking other medications.
4. Antiviral and immunostimulating drugs ( IRS-19, Broncho-munal, Levamisole) will help to quickly restore the body's defenses.
5. Gargle once every one and a half to two hours weak solution salt (1/2 tsp per glass of warm water), herbal decoctions ( calendula, chamomile, eucalyptus) 7-10 days. Antibiotic-based pharmaceuticals are ineffective in this case.

Differences between tonsillitis and sore throat

Bacterial inflammation of the tonsils begins more slowly and is characterized by: strong pain in the throat, often one-sided, the presence of white plugs. In this case, antibiotics are necessary - otherwise the inflammation will advance deeper into the respiratory tract.

Important! In case of acute inflammation, you should not drink hot drinks, make compresses or warm the whole body: this will lead to the spread of infection throughout the body and systemic infection.

Conservative treatment has a positive effect in 75% of cases. But it takes months and even years. Treatment consists of several stages:

1. Cleaning lacunae from pus:

1. Rinsing the tonsils in the ENT office is much more effective than conventional rinsing: the liquid penetrates deep into the lacunae, washing out pus and pathogens. Solutions are used for washing Furacilina, Penicillin, Albucid. Washing is carried out in courses of 10-15 procedures, twice a year.
2. Vacuum therapy is an alternative to tonsillectomy. The procedure consists of two stages: first, the pus is sucked out from the lacunae, then they are washed with an antiseptic. A course of 15 procedures can save even those tonsils that were recommended for removal. The procedure can be used for children and pregnant women, when other methods are not always possible or safe. According to research results, this method of treatment has shown effectiveness in 90% of cases.

Vacuum therapy procedure for tonsillitis

Important! Conservative treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a physician. Any amateur activity of the patient and his relatives - for example, squeezing out purulent plugs with false or using clean lemon juice for rinsing can lead to serious consequences: penetration of infection deeper and burns of the mucous membrane.

2. Antibacterial therapy:

1. Antibiotic therapy. For complex treatment a combination of local application is used (irrigation and rinsing of lacunae with antibacterial solutions, the same drugs are used as for the treatment of acute inflammation) and internal administration (orally, by injection or infusion, usually antibiotics of the macrolide group - Macropen, Azithromycin and cephalosprorins – Ceftriaxone, Cefodox). A more accurate selection of antibiotics is carried out by the doctor based on the results of a smear from the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Sometimes antibiotic injections are prescribed directly into the tonsils. To reduce pain, the antibiotic is used together with novocaine. The course lasts from 5 to 10 days at the discretion of the doctor.
2. Oral hygiene – treatment of caries, teeth cleaning, treatment of gum diseases.

Ceftriaxone for the treatment of tonsillitis

3.Formation of stable immunity:

1. Physiotherapeutic procedures start the process of tissue restoration and natural cleansing of the tonsils, and improve blood circulation. UV irradiation of the tonsils and UHF irradiation of the submandibular lymph nodes are used. Physiotherapy is carried out in a course of 10 days at least twice a year.
2. Immunotherapy. Supporting and strengthening the immune system will help the body fight bacteria on its own and recover faster. Often used Imudon, IRS-19. The dosage is selected based on the patient’s age.

Surgical treatment is indicated in in rare cases– when the tonsil tissue is partially destroyed, there are serious complications for the entire body.

It is impossible to completely protect yourself from infections. But it is possible to create conditions under which the tonsils will provide maximum resistance to bacterial invasion. To do this you need:

1. Wash your hands regularly.
2. Keep your mouth clean and healthy.
3. Support immune system(taking vitamins, proper nutrition, sports and hardening).
4. Do not drink too cold or hot drinks, especially before going outside in cold weather.
5. From time to time, do a preventive massage - just throw back your head and do a few strokes from the jaw to the chest. This method is especially effective before going outside in the cold.
6. Avoid hypothermia, especially in the neck, head and legs.

med-explorer.ru

Inflammation of the tonsils, or tonsillitis, is a disease in which one or two tonsils become infected with a virus or bacteria. This disease is classified as one of the most common infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Tonsillitis

Lymphoid tissue in the almond-shaped openings of the human pharynx serves as a kind of protective barrier for the penetration of viruses and bacteria into the upper respiratory tract. In case of untimely treatment or prolonged course infectious process tonsils begin to become inflamed.

Inflammation of the tonsils can occur in two forms: acute and chronic.

Acute tonsillitis is better known as tonsillitis. Chronic tonsillitis is formed due to incompletely cured acute tonsillitis. It occurs in waves and can get worse from time to time.

Provoking factors and causes

The most common provoking factors that lead to inflammation of the tonsils are acute respiratory infections with the following pathogens:

• Pneumococcus;
• streptococcus;
• staphylococcal bacillus.

It is also important to note the susceptibility of people to this disease during certain seasons of the year, since the occurrence of inflammation of the tonsils is greatly influenced by excessive hypothermia of the body. Most often this happens in autumn and winter.

For the treatment and prevention of sore throats, acute respiratory viral infections and influenza in children and adults, Elena Malysheva recommends effective drug Immunity from Russian scientists. Thanks to its unique, and most importantly 100% natural composition the drug is extremely effective in treating sore throats, colds and strengthening the immune system.

Other reasons for the onset of the inflammatory process in the tonsils include:

1. Deterioration of immune function.
2. The presence of chronic infection in the throat and mouth (caries, stomatitis).
3. Anatomical pathologies of the structure of the oropharynx. For example, if a person has deviated septum, this will lead to improper breathing. Because of this, cooled air will not pass through the nasal passages, but directly through the mouth.
4. Epstein virus.
5. Bara virus.

Symptoms

Inflammation of the tonsils: symptoms in adults and children:

1. Cutting pain when swallowing.
2. Large tonsils (swollen) on one side of the pharynx or on both sides at once.
3. Tonsils hurt.
4. If a child or an adult develops a high temperature in the evening.
5. Tonsils hurt when talking. Also, a sick person may completely lose his voice.
6. A white film forms on the tonsils.
7. Weakness, ailments and loss of energy.
8. Adults often experience headaches, especially at the level of the occipital cerebellum.
9. Pain in the kidneys, heart, as well as muscles and joints.
10. Increased blood pressure.
11. The occurrence of dysbacteriosis and skin rashes due to the spread of infection throughout the body.

Diagnostics

In order to successfully diagnose inflammation of the tonsils, the patient needs to contact an otolaryngologist, who, in turn, will conduct an examination, record symptoms and prescribe appropriate treatment.

If chronic tonsillitis is suspected, the doctor may order a blood test to detect bacteria and antibodies.

The patient may also have tonsil swabs taken to detect infectious agents.

When should you see a doctor?

It is necessary to stop self-therapy at home and consult a doctor if tonsillitis develops the following symptoms:

1. A child or adult has a temperature above 38 degrees.
2. If a child or adult constantly has purulent discharge from the throat.
3. The tonsils are so swollen that it is difficult for a person to breathe through the mouth.
4. If a child is unable to eat normally because the tonsils cause severe pain on one side or both.
5. If tonsillitis is accompanied by vomiting, cramps or acute pain in the heart.

Possible complications

Despite its apparent harmlessness, tonsillitis is quite dangerous condition, which can lead to the following consequences:

1. Inflammation in the middle ear area, which in turn will provoke a decrease or total loss hearing (in the absence of adequate and timely therapy).
2. Acute rheumatism of the heart and joints.
3. Formation of prolapses in the heart valves.
4. Glomerulonerite.
5. Purulent inflammation of the tissues in the pharynx.
6. Peritonsillar abscess.
7. Severe pneumonia (unilateral or bilateral).
8. Exacerbation of allergic reactions.

Drug therapy

Many people wonder how to treat inflammation of the tonsils, because it is impossible to determine “by eye” what kind of infection was the causative agent of the disease. To do this, you should definitely take smears from the source of the disease - the tonsils themselves. After this, the doctor will prescribe antibacterial and disinfectant gargles, as well as drugs to relieve pain and fever.

Gargling plays one of the most important roles in this treatment process, since in a purely mechanical way the patient will wash away pathogenic bacteria from the larynx, which is inflamed. To do this, you need to use solutions of boric acid (1 teaspoon per glass of water), a solution of furatsilin (1 tablet per 200 mg of water), as well as 10 drops of chlorophyllipt per 250 mg of water.

Inflamed tonsils often cause discomfort in the throat and sharp pain Therefore, to get rid of these symptoms, various dragees and lozenges are used, which have an antiseptic and analgesic effect.

Tablets called Faringosept are considered very effective for this purpose. For adults and children over 7 years of age, the permissible daily dose is 5 tablets, which must be dissolved every three hours. "Faringosept" is quite safe drug, which can be used as directed even during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Another resorption drug is called “Doctor Theiss Angi Sept”. It contains anethole, menthol, mint oil and alcohol. Thanks to such components, the patient who is treated with it gradually decreases pain, laryngeal swelling and inflammation subsides.

The daily dose for adults and children over 12 years of age is 4 tablets. Admission to children under five years of age, as well as pregnant women, should be previously discussed with the attending physician.

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In more advanced cases of tonsillitis, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. Amoxicillin. This is a drug with a broad bactericidal effect. Amoxicillin tablets are prescribed for adults and children over 12 years of age 3 times a day. The general course of therapy is two weeks. Contraindications for use include pregnancy, lactation, renal and heart failure.
2. Amoxiclav. This is an antibiotic that contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. For adults and children over 12 years of age, take 1 tablet every 8 hours. The general course of therapy is ten days.
3. Vilprafen. This is an antibiotic of the macrolide group, the main active ingredient of which is josamycin. A child needs to take one tablet per day, and an adult – two tablets. The course of therapy is determined by the attending physician.

Analogues of the above antibiotics, which are also often used to treat tonsillitis, include:

• Augmentin;
• Amosin;
• Alemoxin.

For local therapy spray preparations are used:

• Inhalipt;
• Bioparox;
• Tantum Verde;
• Bioparox;
• Cameton.

Therapy using folk remedies

Inflamed tonsils can be treated well at home. There are the following recipes for this:

1. Mix a glass of warm water with a teaspoon of salt and soda. Add 5 drops of iodine. Gargle with this product three times a day.
2. Mix a glass of warm water with a teaspoon of lemon juice. Rinse at least 5 times a day.
3. Take a tablespoon of dry chamomile and two teaspoons of propolis. Pour them into a thermos and pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. Infuse for forty minutes. After this, gargle with the resulting infusion three times a day after meals. You can also add half a teaspoon of fresh honey to it.
4. Chew fresh honeycomb (along with honeycomb) for acute inflammation of the tonsils for at least 15 minutes a day. Thanks to the fact that these bee products have excellent antibacterial properties, a person will quickly get rid of the infectious agent.
5. Take chamomile in equal proportions, pine buds, string and violet. Pour a liter of boiling water over them. Next, you need to make the tincture for three hours. After this time, strain the resulting product and gargle with the prepared liquid.
6. If inflammation of the tonsils has chronic form, then very effective means for its treatment is a mixture of one part aloe juice and three parts flower honey. Both ingredients must be mixed thoroughly, and then lubricated with this medicine twice a day for two weeks.

Prevention measures

In order to protect yourself as much as possible from this infection, you must follow following rules hygiene:

1. Wash your hands often with soap.
2. Lather the soap for at least 10 seconds.
3. Not only rinse inner surface hands, but also the wrists, as well as the areas between the fingers.
4. Rinse your hands several times after washing, especially when using liquid soap.
5. Dry your palms with a clean towel (preferably paper).
6. To turn off the tap, you need to use a towel, not your hands.
7. If there is no access to water, then wet wipes can be used to disinfect hands. alcohol based. You can also use a disinfectant spray.
8. Do not share the same utensils with a person who is sick or simply has a slight runny nose.
9. Avoid direct contact with sick people.

Inflammation of the tonsils is a disease that can occur in both adults and children.

However, if the correct treatment is carried out against it at home or in a hospital, the body will be able to cope with the infection and recover.

Do you still think that it is impossible to get rid of constant colds, FLU and THROAT DISEASES!?

Judging by the fact that you are reading this article, you know firsthand what it is:

• severe pain in the throat even when swallowing saliva...
• constant feeling of a lump in the throat...
• chills and weakness in the body...
• "breaking" of bones at the slightest movement...
• complete loss of appetite and strength...
• constant nasal congestion and coughing up snot...

Now answer the question: are you satisfied with this? Can ALL THESE SYMPTOMS be tolerated? How much time have you already “wasted” on ineffective treatment? After all, sooner or later the SITUATION WILL GET WORSE. And things could end badly...

Irina Kovalchuk

Expert of the VasheGorlo.ru project