According to medical statistics, respiratory diseases are the leaders in the frequency of diagnosis among the population of our country. In most cases, the disease respiratory tract may be associated with unfavorable climatic conditions, violation of labor and life safety rules, and changes in the environmental situation. Approximately half of the clinical cases are diseases of the upper respiratory tract caused by infectious factors. Among them, tuberculosis stands out as a socially dangerous phenomenon. It is also worth noting autoimmune (atopic) diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, the most famous of which is bronchial asthma. The allergic etiology of this disease makes it necessary to refuse the use of antibiotics and other drugs. For allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, it is possible to treat using unconventional ways. You can read about traditional methods of therapy in this material.

Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract

Bronchial asthma is an allergic chronic disease of the respiratory tract, characterized by repeated attacks of suffocation due to spasm of the bronchi or swelling of their mucous membrane (“asthma” translated from Greek means “suffocation”, “heavy breathing”).

The basis of bronchial asthma is increased sensitivity the body, and especially the tissues of the bronchi, to various, usually harmless, substances - allergens. Attacks of this chronic disease upper respiratory tract infections can occur without exposure to an allergen - due to weather changes, cooling, negative emotions.

Treatment of this upper respiratory tract disease is based on the principles of general desensitization of the body.

Bronchitis as an acute disease of the respiratory system

Bronchitis- a disease of the lower respiratory tract, characterized by inflammation of the bronchi with predominant defeat their mucous membrane. Bronchitis as a disease of the respiratory system is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions. It often occurs with simultaneous damage to the upper respiratory tract.

Most frequent symptoms bronchitis - general weakness, chills, increased body temperature and mainly cough.

This acute illness respiratory system occurs as a result of a viral or bacterial infection(flu, measles, whooping cough, etc.), exposure to toxic substances, due to smoking, etc. Of great importance in the occurrence of bronchitis and its relapses are the condition of the body as a whole, its resistance, which changes under the influence of past diseases, unfavorable working and living conditions, hypothermia , bad habits(alcohol, etc.), etc.

There are acute and chronic forms of bronchitis.

In the prevention of bronchitis, thorough and timely treatment of the runny nose, tonsillitis and other types of focal infections is of paramount importance. important role is given to hardening the body. For treatment, it is most often necessary to use anti-inflammatory, expectorant and antitussive drugs. For acute bronchitis it is necessary bed rest, enhanced nutrition, rich in proteins and vitamin C, drink plenty of warm fluids.

Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract

Tracheitis- inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract with predominant damage to the tracheal mucosa. Often combined with inflammation of the bronchi. The inflammatory reaction is accompanied by swelling of the tracheal mucosa with increased secretion of a viscous mucous, purulent secretion. The main symptom is a cough that gets worse in the morning.

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by various bacteria. This disease of the respiratory tract is accompanied by the development of an inflammatory process in the lung tissue with primary damage to the respiratory sections of the lungs (alveoli). Often the inflammatory process extends to vascular system lungs.

Pneumonia can be an independent disease or develop as a complication of other diseases (cardiovascular), operations, or injuries.

Predisposing factors for pneumonia are hypothermia (especially in conditions of high humidity), high gas pollution, physical and mental fatigue, past illnesses lungs, malnutrition, smoking.

Pneumonia usually begins with feverish chills and sharp increase temperature up to 39-40°C, pain in chest worsened by coughing and deep breathing. The cough is dry on the first day, then viscous, difficult-to-clear sputum appears, sometimes containing streaks of blood. The patient experiences weakness, sweating (especially at night), and shortness of breath.

According to the course, acute and chronic pneumonia are distinguished.

A cough usually occurs from irritation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract during an inflammatory process. This is one of the main signs of respiratory disease. Sometimes there may be stimulation of the cough center in the brain without irritation of the respiratory tract. This is the so-called nervous cough with fear, embarrassment, etc.

There are dry and wet coughs.

The following plants are used as expectorants for bronchitis and pneumonia: common juniper, hairy sedge, sweet clover, meadow clover, tricolor violet, angelica officinalis, wild rosemary, common heather, coltsfoot, common thyme, peppermint (externally) , large plantain, elecampane. Scots pine (inhalation), sundew, and soporific poppy relieve cough.

Tuberculosis as a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (tuberculosis, consumption) is an infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract with the formation of specific changes, often in the form of small tubercles, mainly in the lungs and lymph nodes, and with a tendency to recur.

The disease occurs as a result of the tuberculosis bacillus entering the body. The main source of the spread of tuberculosis is a sick person with an open form of tuberculosis. Transmission of infection - by airborne droplets.

The development of the disease is facilitated by: weakening of the body due to a lack of complete animal proteins and vitamins (vitamin C) in food; unfavorable working conditions and occupational hazards; some diseases ( diabetes, chronic bronchitis, alcoholism, etc.); age characteristics body (children and elderly people are more susceptible to the disease).

Patients are characterized by a tendency to colds, runny nose, and catarrh of the upper respiratory tract.

Treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases with folk remedies

Treatment of respiratory tract diseases should be comprehensive and include all possible methods and methods aimed at restoring the patient’s health. Treatment of the respiratory tract with folk remedies currently has a scientific basis. The effectiveness of treating the upper respiratory tract with folk remedies has been confirmed by pharmacological and clinical trials.

Folk remedies for the treatment of lungs and bronchi

Inhalation with propolis tincture.

For bronchial asthma, inhalations of 10-15% are used to treat the lungs with folk remedies. alcohol tincture propolis.

Tincture of wormwood.

1. 20 g of wormwood are poured into 0.5 liters of vodka and left for at least 24 hours in a cool, dark place. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals and before bed as an expectorant and antitussive for pneumonia.
2. Infuse the flowering tops of wormwood with 70% alcohol (1:10) for 2 weeks. dark place, filter and take 20-40 drops 3 times a day before meals, washed down with juice or jelly, for pulmonary tuberculosis. Depending on the condition, the dose of a folk remedy for treating lungs can be increased to 1 teaspoon.

Tincture of femoral saxifrage roots.

40 g of plant roots are infused in 100 ml of 70% alcohol or vodka for 8 days in a dark cabinet, filtered and squeezed.

Take this folk remedy for the treatment of lungs and bronchi, 30 drops 4-5 times a day with 1 tablespoon of water. This ancient folk remedy is used for bronchial asthma.

Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with folk remedies

To treat lung diseases with folk remedies, infusions from various medicinal fees herbs The following are recipes that are used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with folk remedies and give pronounced positive dynamics.

Sloe root tincture.

The sloe root is crushed and placed in a half-liter bottle, which is filled to the top with vodka and capped. Leave in a warm place for as long as possible.

Take 1 dessert spoon 3 times a day before meals until you feel better in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Honey tincture of thuja cones.

4 glasses of honey and 2 liters of vodka are poured into a three-liter jar, the remaining space is filled with finely crushed thuja cones collected at the end of summer. Ready mixture Place in a warm place for a week, remembering to shake the contents of the jar every day.

Accept medicinal tincture 3 times a day, 1 tablespoon for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The course of treatment is designed for 1 month, then a 10-day break is taken, after which the course is repeated if necessary.

Treatment of pneumonia in adults with folk remedies

Natural remedies are used to treat pneumonia with folk remedies. natural antibiotics. The greatest effect in the treatment of pneumonia with folk remedies in adults is provided by beekeeping products and tinctures with them.

Honey tincture with aloe juice.

Mix aloe juice and honey (1 glass each), pour 250 ml medical alcohol and leave for 5 days in a dark place.

Take orally for pneumonia, 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals, until complete recovery occurs.

Tincture of fresh birch buds.

Fresh birch buds, which have sprouted leaves, fill a bottle, fill it to the top with vodka and leave for 7-10 days. Take 5-7 drops diluted with water 3 times a day for pneumonia.

Treatment of lung diseases with folk remedies at home

To treat lungs with folk remedies at home, it is important to first undergo an examination by a doctor and get an accurate diagnosis. Then you can successfully choose a recipe for treating lung diseases with folk remedies from the methods presented here.

Sweet tincture of pine nuts.

A glass of chopped pine nuts is mixed with a glass of sugar and poured in 0.5 liters of vodka. Infuse for 14 days in a dark place, shaking daily. Take 1 teaspoon orally for bronchitis 3 times a day until complete recovery occurs.

Carrot seed tincture.

1 tablespoon of carrot seeds is poured into a glass bottle, filled with vodka and infused for a week in a warm place. The finished tincture is filtered and taken orally for bronchitis, 1 tablespoon 3 times a day in between meals until complete recovery occurs.

The tincture is not washed down with anything and is not eaten!

Walnut shell tincture.

The shells of 14 nuts crushed with a hammer are poured into 0.5 liters of vodka and infused for a week in a warm and dark place. The finished tincture is filtered and stored in the refrigerator. Take 1 tablespoon orally in the morning on an empty stomach until the tincture runs out, for bronchitis, ovarian cysts, salt deposits, goiter.

Tincture of lilac flowers

A liter jar is filled to the top with lilac flowers, poured with vodka and infused for 10 days. Take orally at night, pouring 10 ml of tincture into a glass of strongly brewed tea. Drink in small sips to treat bronchitis.

Vitamin tincture with honey and aloe.

Mix equal volumes of red beet juice, black radish, onion, lemon, cranberry, aloe, as well as honey, granulated sugar and 96% alcohol. Mix everything thoroughly and store it in the refrigerator. Take 2 tablespoons 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for bronchial asthma until you feel better.

Aloe juice is active against various groups microbes: staphylococcus, streptococcus, intestinal, diphtheria and typhoid bacilli.

To obtain aloe juice, plants that are at least two years old are used. Cut off the large lower and middle leaves, wash them with boiled water, then cut them into small pieces and squeeze out the juice through 2 layers of gauze (you can pass it through a meat grinder or squeeze it out using a juicer).

The so-called biostimulated juice is especially valued (the method was proposed by Academician V.P. Filatov). To obtain it, washed aloe leaves are placed on a plate, covered with paper and placed in the refrigerator for 12-15 days. In such unfavorable conditions for the plant, when all life processes begin to fade away, the formation of special substances called biogenic stimulants occurs in the aloe cells; they stimulate the dying activity of cells. At the end of the above period, the leaves are removed from the refrigerator, the blackened parts are removed and the juice is squeezed out.

Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with folk remedies

Folk remedies are used to treat pulmonary fibrosis vitamin mixtures, healing herbs, massage, breathing exercises and tinctures.

Vitamin mixture with horseradish root tincture

Horseradish root (100 g) is washed well with a brush (without peeling), finely chopped and poured with 150 ml of vodka. Leave for 24 hours.

1 kg of carrots and 2-3 lemons are ground in a meat grinder and mixed with 1 kg of honey.

The tincture of horseradish roots is filtered and mixed with the honey mixture. Place the container with the resulting mixture in a place protected from light and leave for 3 weeks. Take 1 tablespoon for pulmonary fibrosis 3 times a day until recovery. This mixture can also be used for preventive purposes.

Propolis tincture

20 g of crushed propolis is poured into a bottle (or other glass container with a lid) 80 ml ethyl alcohol and infuse, shaking occasionally, for 7-10 days, then filter and, after settling, the liquid phase of the infusion is taken orally, 20 drops with milk or water 30 minutes before meals, 3 times a day for 2 months in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Warming compresses

1. Mix 1 part 40% vodka and 2 parts water. The resulting solution is heated to body temperature, a gauze cloth is soaked in it and, straightened, it is placed on the cervical area. Wax paper is placed on top, then cotton wool (in a thick layer), strengthened with a bandage or tied with a piece of cloth (can be a scarf) and left for 5-6 hours. At the very beginning of pulmonary fibrosis, this procedure is repeated morning and evening. When the acute period passes, make a compress only in the evening and leave it overnight.
2. Mix flour 1 tablespoon at a time, mustard powder, honey, vodka, aloe juice, interior fat (can be replaced with unrefined sunflower oil) and heated in a water bath. Gauze soaked in the resulting mixture is placed on the patient’s back. Place another layer of gauze on top, then plastic wrap, and a warm woolen scarf on top. It is advisable to fix the compress and leave it overnight. For treatment, as a rule, 2 procedures are sufficient.
3. 2 parts honey, 1 part aloe juice and 3 parts vodka are heated to 40°C, mixed well and used as a compress on top part breast with pulmonary fibrosis.

Upper respiratory tract diseases are common throughout the world and affect every fourth person. These include sore throat, laryngitis, pharyngitis, adenoiditis, sinusitis and rhinitis. The peak of diseases occurs in the off-season, when cases of inflammatory processes become widespread. The reason for this is acute respiratory diseases or influenza virus. According to statistics, an adult suffers up to three cases of the disease, while a child experiences inflammation of the upper respiratory tract up to 10 times a year.

There are three main reasons for the development of various types of inflammation.

1. Virus. Influenza strains, rotoviruses, adenoviruses, mumps and measles, when they enter the body, cause a reaction in the form of inflammation.
2. Bacteria. The cause of a bacterial infection can be pneumococcus, staphylococcus, mycoplasma, meningococcus, mycobacteria and diphtheria, as well as pertussis.
3. Fungus. Candida, aspergillus, actinomycetes cause a local inflammatory process.

Most of the listed pathogenic organisms are transmitted from humans. Bacteria and viruses are not resistant to environment and they practically don’t live there. Some strains of the virus or fungi can live in the body, but manifest themselves only when the body's defenses are reduced. Infections occur during the period of activation of “dormant” pathogenic microbes.

Among the main methods of infection are:

• airborne transmission;
• by everyday means.

Virus particles, as well as microbes, penetrate through close contact with infected person. Transmission is possible through talking, coughing, sneezing. All this is natural in diseases of the respiratory tract, because the first barrier to pathogenic microorganisms is the respiratory tract.

Tuberculosis, diphtheria and coli More often it penetrates the host’s body through everyday means. Household and personal hygiene items become the link between a healthy and an infected person. Anyone can get sick, regardless of age, gender, financial status and social status.

Symptoms

The symptoms of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract are quite similar, with the exception of discomfort and pain, which are localized in the affected area. It is possible to determine the location of inflammation and the nature of the disease based on the symptoms of the disease, but it is possible to confirm the disease and identify the pathogen only after a thorough examination.

Characteristic for all diseases incubation period, which lasts from 2 to 10 days, depending on the pathogen.

Rhinitis

Known to everyone as a runny nose, it is an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa. Characteristic of rhinitis is exudate in the form of a runny nose, which, when microbes multiply, comes out abundantly. Both sinuses are affected, as the infection spreads quickly.
Sometimes rhinitis may not cause a runny nose, but, on the contrary, manifest itself severe congestion. If, nevertheless, discharge is present, then its nature directly depends on the pathogen. Exudate may be present clear liquid, and sometimes purulent discharge and green.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinuses resolves as a secondary infection and is manifested by difficulty breathing and a feeling of congestion.
Swelling of the sinuses causes headaches, has Negative influence on optic nerves, the sense of smell is impaired. Discomfort and pain in the area of ​​the bridge of the nose indicate an advanced inflammatory process. The discharge of pus is usually accompanied by fever and fever, as well as general malaise.

Angina

The inflammatory process in the area of ​​the palatine tonsils in the pharynx causes a number of characteristic symptoms:

• pain when swallowing;
• difficulty eating and drinking;
• elevated temperature;
• muscle weakness.

A sore throat can occur as a result of both a virus and a bacteria entering the body. In this case, the tonsils swell and a characteristic coating appears on them. At purulent tonsillitis the palate and mucous membrane of the throat are covered with yellow and greenish deposits. With fungal etiology plaque white curdled consistency.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the throat is manifested by sore throat and dry cough. Breathing may be difficult at times. General malaise and low-grade fever a fickle phenomenon. Pharyngitis usually occurs against the background of influenza and acute respiratory infection.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords also develops against the background of influenza, measles, whooping cough and parainfluenza. Laryngitis is characterized by hoarseness and cough. The mucous membrane of the larynx swells so much that it interferes with breathing. Without treatment, in the form of stenosis of the walls of the larynx or muscle spasm. Without treatment, symptoms only get worse.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchi (this is the lower part of the respiratory tract) is characterized by mucus discharge or a strong dry cough. In addition, general intoxication and malaise.
On initial stage Symptoms may not appear until the inflammation reaches the nerve processes.

Pneumonia

Inflammation of lung tissue in the lower and upper sections lung, which usually cause pneumococci, always general intoxication, fever and chills. As pneumonia progresses, the cough intensifies, but sputum may appear much later. If it is non-infectious, symptoms may not appear. The symptoms are similar to an advanced cold and the disease is not always diagnosed on time.

Therapy methods

After clarification of the diagnosis, treatment begins in accordance with general condition patient, the cause of inflammation. Three main types of treatment are considered:

• pathogenetic;
• symptomatic;
• etiotropic.

Pathogenetic treatment

It is based on stopping the development of the inflammatory process. For this purpose, immunostimulating drugs are used so that the body itself can fight the infection, as well as auxiliary treatment, which suppresses the inflammatory process.

To strengthen the body, take:

• Anaferon;
• Amexin;
• Neovir;
• Levomax.

They are suitable for children and adults. Treating upper respiratory tract diseases without immune support is pointless. If the causative agent of inflammation of the respiratory system is a bacterium, treatment is carried out with Immudon or Bronchomunal. For individual indications, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used. They relieve general symptoms and depress pain syndrome, this is relevant, especially if you are treating a child who
has a hard time suffering from the disease.

Etiotropic method

Based on pathogen suppression. It is important to stop the reproduction of the virus and bacteria in the upper sections, as well as to prevent their spread. The main thing is to accurately establish the strain of the virus and the etiology of pathogenic microbes in order to choose correct scheme and start treatment. Among antiviral drugs should be highlighted:

• Remantadine;
• Relenz;
• Arbidol;
• Kagocel;
• Isoprinosine.

They only help when the disease is caused by a virus. If you can't kill it, as is the case with herpes, you can simply suppress the symptoms.

Bacterial inflammation of the respiratory tract can only be cured with antibacterial drugs; the dosage must be prescribed by a doctor. These medications are very dangerous if used rashly and can cause irreparable harm to the body.

For a child, such treatment can lead to complications in the future. Therefore, when choosing a drug, special attention is paid to the patient’s age, his physiological characteristics, and a test is carried out for the presence of allergic reactions. Modern pharmacology offers effective drugs from the group of macrolides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones for treatment.

Symptomatic treatment

Since antibacterial or antifungal treatment has a gradual effect in most cases of the disease, it is important to suppress the symptoms that cause discomfort to the person. For this there is symptomatic treatment.

1. Nasal drops are used to suppress a runny nose.
2. To relieve a sore throat and also reduce swelling, use broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs or sprays for local application based on plant substances.
3. Symptoms such as cough or sore throat can be suppressed with expectorants.

With severe swelling of the upper, as well as lower sections lungs, symptomatic treatment does not always provide the desired result. It is important not to use all known treatment methods, but to choose the right regimen based on the comprehensive elimination of symptoms and the causative agent of inflammation.

Inhalation will help relieve swelling, suppress cough and soreness in the upper throat, and stop a runny nose. And traditional methods of treatment can improve breathing and prevent oxygen starvation.

The main thing is not to self-medicate, but to undergo it under the supervision of a specialist and follow all his recommendations.

The respiratory system is one of the most important “mechanisms” of our body. It not only fills the body with oxygen, participating in the process of respiration and gas exchange, but also performs whole line functions: thermoregulation, voice formation, sense of smell, air humidification, hormone synthesis, protection from factors external environment etc.

At the same time, the organs of the respiratory system, perhaps more often than others, encounter various diseases. Every year we suffer from acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections and laryngitis, and sometimes we struggle with more serious bronchitis, sore throat and sinusitis.

We’ll talk about the characteristics of respiratory system diseases, their causes and types in today’s article.

Why do diseases of the respiratory system occur?

Diseases of the respiratory system are divided into four types:

• Infectious– they are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, which enter the body and cause inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. For example, bronchitis, pneumonia, sore throat, etc.
• Allergic– appear due to pollen, food and household particles, which provoke a violent reaction of the body to certain allergens and contribute to the development of respiratory diseases. For example, bronchial asthma.
• Autoimmune diseases of the respiratory system occur when a malfunction occurs in the body and it begins to produce substances directed against own cells. An example of such an effect is idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis.
• Hereditary– a person is predisposed to the development of certain diseases at the genetic level.

External factors also contribute to the development of respiratory system diseases. They do not cause the disease directly, but can provoke its development. For example, in a poorly ventilated area, the risk of getting ARVI, bronchitis or tonsillitis increases.

This is often why office workers get sick viral diseases more often than others. If air conditioning is used in offices in the summer instead of normal ventilation, the risk of infectious and inflammatory diseases also increases.

Another mandatory office attribute - a printer - provokes the occurrence of allergic diseases of the respiratory system.

The main symptoms of diseases of the respiratory system

Respiratory system disease can be identified by the following symptoms:

• cough;
• pain;
• dyspnea;
• suffocation;
• hemoptysis

A cough is a reflexive protective reaction of the body to mucus accumulated in the larynx, trachea or bronchi. By its nature, cough can be different: dry (with laryngitis or dry pleurisy) or wet (with chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis), as well as constant (for inflammation of the larynx) and periodic (for infectious diseases - ARVI, influenza).

Coughing may cause pain. Those suffering from diseases of the respiratory system also experience pain when breathing or in a certain position of the body. It may vary in intensity, location and duration.

Shortness of breath is also divided into several types: subjective, objective and mixed. Subjective appears in patients with neuroses and hysteria, objective occurs with emphysema and is characterized by a change in the rhythm of breathing and the duration of inhalation and exhalation.

Mixed shortness of breath occurs with inflammation of the lungs, bronchogenic lung cancer, tuberculosis and is characterized by an increase in respiratory rate. Also, shortness of breath can be inspiratory with difficulty in inhaling (diseases of the larynx, trachea), expiratory with difficulty in exhaling (with damage to the bronchi) and mixed (thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery).

Choking is the most severe form of shortness of breath. Sudden attacks Choking may be a sign of bronchial or cardiac asthma. With another symptom of diseases of the respiratory system - hemoptysis - when coughing, blood is released with sputum.

Discharge can appear with lung cancer, tuberculosis, lung abscess, as well as for diseases of cardio-vascular system(heart defects).

Types of respiratory system diseases

In medicine, there are more than twenty types of diseases of the respiratory system: some of them are extremely rare, while others we encounter quite often, especially during cold seasons.

Doctors divide them into two types: diseases of the upper respiratory tract and diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Conventionally, the first of them are considered easier. These are mainly inflammatory diseases: acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, pharyngitis, laryngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc.

Diseases of the lower respiratory tract are considered more serious, as they often occur with complications. These are, for example, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, emphysema, etc.

Let us dwell on the diseases of the first and second groups, which are more common than others.

Angina

Sore throat, or acute tonsillitis, is an infectious disease that affects the tonsils. The bacteria that cause sore throat are especially active in cold and damp weather, so most often we get sick in the fall, winter and early spring.

You can become infected with a sore throat through airborne droplets or through nutritional means (for example, by using the same utensils). People with sore throat are especially susceptible to chronic tonsillitis– inflammation of the tonsils and caries.

There are two types of sore throat: viral and bacterial. Bacterial is a more severe form, it is accompanied by severe sore throat, enlarged tonsils and lymph nodes, and an increase in temperature to 39-40 degrees.

The main symptom of this type of sore throat is purulent plaque on the tonsils. The disease in this form is treated with antibiotics and antipyretics.

Viral sore throat is easier. The temperature rises to 37-39 degrees, there is no plaque on the tonsils, but a cough and runny nose appear.

If you start treating a viral sore throat in time, you will be back on your feet within 5-7 days.

Symptoms of sore throat: Bacterial – malaise, pain when swallowing, fever, headache, white coating on the tonsils, enlarged lymph nodes; viral – sore throat, temperature 37-39 degrees, runny nose, cough.

Bronchitis

Bronchitis is an infectious disease accompanied by diffuse (affecting the entire organ) changes in the bronchi. Bronchitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses or the appearance of atypical flora.

Bronchitis comes in three types: acute, chronic and obstructive. The first one is cured in less than three weeks. The diagnosis of chronic is made if the disease manifests itself for more than three months a year for two years.

If bronchitis is accompanied by shortness of breath, it is called obstructive. With this type of bronchitis, a spasm occurs, due to which mucus accumulates in the bronchi. the main objective treatment - relieve spasm and remove accumulated phlegm.

Symptoms: the main one is cough, shortness of breath with obstructive bronchitis.

Bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma is a chronic allergic disease in which the walls of the airways expand and the lumen narrows. Because of this, a lot of mucus appears in the bronchi and it becomes difficult for the patient to breathe.

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common diseases and the number of people suffering from this pathology is increasing every year. At acute forms bronchial asthma may cause life-threatening attacks.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma: cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, suffocation.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an acute infectious and inflammatory disease that affects the lungs. The inflammatory process affects the alveoli, the end part of the respiratory apparatus, and they fill with fluid.

The causative agents of pneumonia are viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoan microorganisms. Pneumonia is usually severe, especially in children, the elderly, and those who already had other infectious diseases before the onset of pneumonia.

If symptoms appear, it is better to consult a doctor.

Symptoms of pneumonia: fever, weakness, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis – acute or chronic inflammation paranasal sinuses nose, there are four types:

• sinusitis - inflammation of the maxillary paranasal sinus;
• frontal sinusitis - inflammation of the frontal paranasal sinus;
• ethmoiditis - inflammation of the cells of the ethmoid bone;
• sphenoiditis – inflammation of the sphenoid sinus;

Inflammation with sinusitis can be unilateral or bilateral, affecting all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides. The most common type of sinusitis is sinusitis.

Acute sinusitis can occur with acute runny nose, flu, measles, scarlet fever and other infectious diseases. Diseases of the roots of the four upper back teeth can also provoke the appearance of sinusitis.

Symptoms of sinusitis: fever, nasal congestion, mucous or purulent discharge, deterioration or loss of smell, swelling, pain when pressing on the affected area.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs, and in in some cases genitourinary system, skin, eyes and peripheral (accessible for inspection) lymph nodes.

Tuberculosis comes in two forms: open and closed. At open form Mycobacterium tuberculosis is present in the patient’s sputum. This makes it contagious to others. At closed form There are no mycobacteria in sputum, so the carrier cannot harm others.

The causative agents of tuberculosis are mycobacteria, transmitted by airborne droplets when coughing and sneezing or talking to a patient.

But you won't necessarily become infected if you come into contact. The likelihood of infection depends on the duration and intensity of contact, as well as the activity of your immune system.

Symptoms of tuberculosis: cough, hemoptysis, fever, sweating, deterioration in performance, weakness, weight loss.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a non-allergic inflammation of the bronchi, causing them to narrow. Obstruction, or more simply, deterioration of patency, affects the normal gas exchange of the body.

COPD occurs as a result of an inflammatory reaction that develops after interaction with aggressive substances (aerosols, particles, gases). The consequences of the disease are irreversible or only partially reversible.

COPD symptoms: cough, sputum, shortness of breath.

The diseases listed above are only part of big list diseases affecting the respiratory system. We will talk about the diseases themselves, and most importantly their prevention and treatment, in the following articles of our blog.

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Damage to the upper respiratory tract by infection very often manifests itself in tracheitis. Moreover, this disease most often occurs during epidemics of influenza and ARVI.

Tracheitis is manifested by inflammation of the tracheal mucosa and can occur in both acute and chronic form. According to doctors, infections are the main cause of inflammation of the trachea.

Trachea looks like a cartilaginous tube, consisting of one and a half dozen segments - rings. All segments are interconnected by ligaments of fibrous tissue. The mucous membranes of this tube are represented by ciliated epithelium. Mucous glands are present in large numbers on the membranes.

When the trachea becomes inflamed, its mucous membranes swell. There is tissue infiltration and the release of large amounts of mucus into the tracheal cavity. If the source of the disease is infection, then clearly visible pinpoint hemorrhages can be seen on the surface of the mucosa. When the disease enters the chronic stage, then the mucous membrane of the organ first hypertrophies and then atrophies. With hypertrophy, mucopurulent sputum is produced. With atrophy there is very little sputum. Moreover, the mucous membranes dry out and may even become crusty. Against this background, the patient develops a persistent dry cough.

Causes of tracheitis

Inflammation of the trachea may develop for the following reasons:

1. Infectious path of development. Various viruses and bacteria enter the upper respiratory tract and cause inflammation, which then spreads to the trachea. The disease can be caused by influenza virus, pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci and fungi.
2. Non-infectious path of development. Inflammation of the trachea can develop due to hypothermia of the upper respiratory tract or exposure to dust, chemicals, or steam.

The likelihood of developing tracheitis is much higher if a person is exposed to the following factors:

• Climatic conditions: cold, high humidity and wind.
• Reduced immunity.
• Chronic diseases of the respiratory system.
• Having bad habits.

Infectious infection, which causes inflammation of the trachea, usually occurs upon contact with a sick person or contaminated object. By the way, the carrier of the infection may not even suspect that he is infected. He may not have any clinical manifestations diseases.

Infection can occur through airborne droplets and household contact. For this reason, almost all people experience tracheal inflammation at least once in their lives.

Symptoms of the disease

Tracheitis can be acute or chronic. Each form of the disease has its own symptoms and characteristics.

Acute inflammation of the trachea

The disease manifests itself on the 3rd day after the onset of symptoms of inflammation of the nasopharynx and damage to the larynx. The first symptom of acute tracheitis is low-grade hyperthermia. Less commonly, body temperature can rise to 38.5 ° Celsius. Next come signs of intoxication. The patient begins to complain of weakness, pain throughout the body, and sweating. Often the patient's nose is stuffy.

A characteristic symptom of the disease is a severe dry cough that does not bring relief at night, and a morning cough that produces a large amount of sputum.

In children, inflammation of the trachea manifests itself in coughing attacks, which can be provoked by laughter, sudden movement, a breath of cold air.

Regardless of age, a person with tracheitis begins to feel a sore throat and rawness in the sternum. Because of deep breaths provoke painful coughing attacks, the patient begins to breathe shallowly.

When in acute inflammation the trachea involves the larynx, then the patient has a barking cough.

When listening to the patient's breathing using a phonendoscope, the doctor may hear dry and moist rales.

Chronic tracheitis

The disease develops into this form when the patient does not receive timely treatment for acute tracheitis. However, there are often cases when chronic inflammation of the trachea develops without acute stage. As a rule, such a pathology is observed in people who smoke a lot and use a large number of alcohol. This can also happen to patients who have other chronic diseases of the respiratory system, heart and kidneys. These diseases can provoke stagnation of blood in the upper respiratory tract, which provokes the development of chronic tracheitis.

The main symptom of chronic tracheitis is cough. In the chronic form of the disease, it is painful and comes in the form severe attacks. During the day, a person may not cough at all, but at night attacks will prevent him from falling asleep. The sputum with such a cough is often purulent.

Chronic inflammation of the trachea always occurs with periods of exacerbation, during which its symptoms become similar to those of acute tracheitis.

Complications of inflammation of the trachea

In most cases, with an isolated course, this disease does not cause any complications. However, if the disease occurs in combination, then different, quite dangerous complications. For example, laryngeal stenosis. It is usually detected in young patients with laryngotracheitis. In adult patients with tracheobronchitis, obstruction of the upper respiratory tract may develop.

If you start treating tracheitis on time, it can be dealt with in just a couple of weeks.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis is made based on medical history and instrumental methods research. Initially, the doctor listens to the patient’s complaints, identifies concomitant diseases, and finds out the patient’s living conditions. After additional auscultation, the doctor can already make a primary diagnosis, but to clarify it he carries out several additional research. In particular, he does laryngoscopy. With such a study, he can determine the degree of change in the tracheal mucosa: the presence of mucus, hemorrhages, infiltrates.

The patient may be prescribed a chest X-ray, sputum testing and spirometry.

A general blood test completes the diagnosis of tracheal inflammation.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment begins with medication. The fact is that in most cases this disease is caused by an infection. Therefore, medications can quickly eliminate the cause of the disease. In most cases, drug treatment prescribes broad-spectrum antibiotics. Medicines from the group of natural penicillins perform best.

If tracheitis is complicated by bronchitis, then natural penicillins are added semisynthetic antibiotics last generation.

In cases where infectious tracheitis is not complicated in any way, the following drugs are used in the treatment of the disease:

• Antitussives.
• Antiviral.
• Immunomodulators.
• Antihistamines.

It is most effective to use the above drugs in the form of aerosols. In this case, they quickly penetrate into all parts of the trachea and bronchi.

For tracheitis, the most effective medications are:

• Sumamed.
• Lazolvan.
• Berodual.
• Sinekod.
• Bioparox.

If the patient has hyperthermia, then antipyretics are prescribed for treatment. But he can only use them under the supervision of a doctor.

Tracheitis can also be treated by inhalation. For this treatment you need to use a nebulizer. This device sprays medications, but at the same time provides a concentrated effect directly on the affected areas.

According to doctors, inhalations are the most effective remedy home treatment tracheitis.

Tracheitis can be treated at home using the following medications:

• Regular saline solution. It provides good hydration of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and trachea. You can breathe it through the pores without restrictions. Moreover, it is recommended to inhale it before visiting a doctor.
• Treatment soda solution. It perfectly thins mucus and helps you cough well.
• Regular mineral water. It provides good sputum removal for tracheitis.
• Inhalations with Lazolvan and Mukolvan. The basis of these medicines is ambroxol. Therefore, treatment can be carried out only after preliminary dilution with saline solution.
• Berodual. Treatment with this drug most effectively opens up the bronchi. At severe course For diseases, doctors often combine Berodual with hormones.

Antibiotics in treatment inflammation of the trachea are used in the following cases:

• There are signs of developing pneumonia.
• The cough does not go away within 14 days.
• Hyperthermia occurs for several days.
• Enlarged tonsils and lymph nodes in the nose and ears.

They show themselves to be quite good at treating tracheitis folk remedies. They can be combined with traditional means treatment, but cannot be used as independent therapy.

For tracheitis, a hot drink consisting of from milk with honey. To prepare it, you need to heat a glass of milk and add a teaspoon of honey to it, and add a little soda.

Also, treatment of inflammation of the trachea can be carried out using rinsing solutions based on decoctions of sage, chamomile and calendula.

Physiotherapeutic treatment can effectively combat tracheitis. It includes UHF, massage and electrophoresis.

Prevention

To never encounter tracheitis you need follow simple rules:

• Aim for healthy image life.
• Temper your body regularly.
• Try not to get too cold.
• To refuse from bad habits.
• Treat upper respiratory tract diseases in a timely manner.

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Quite often a person suffers from inflammation of the respiratory tract. Provoking factors are hypothermia or a cold, ARVI, influenza, and various infectious diseases. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, it can result in serious complications. Is it possible to prevent the inflammatory process? What treatment options are there? Is inflammation dangerous? respiratory organs?

Main symptoms of respiratory tract inflammation

Signs of the disease will depend on individual characteristics the patient’s body and the degree of damage to the respiratory tract. It is possible to identify such general signs that appear when a virus is introduced. It often leads to severe intoxication of the body:

• The temperature rises.
• A severe headache occurs.
• Sleep is disturbed.
• Muscle pain.
• Appetite decreases.
• Nausea appears, which ends in vomiting.

IN severe cases the patient has an excited and inhibited state, consciousness is upset, there is convulsive state. Separately, it is worth noting the signs that depend on which specific organ is affected:

• Inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis). First there is severe runny nose, the patient constantly sneezes and has difficulty breathing through his nose.
• Inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa (pharyngitis). The patient has a very sore throat, the patient cannot swallow.
• Inflammation of the larynx (laryngitis). The patient is worried coughing, the voice is hoarse.
• Inflammation of the tonsils (tonsillitis). Severe pain occurs when swallowing, the tonsils also become significantly enlarged, and the mucous membrane turns red.
• Inflammation of the trachea (tracheitis). In this case, you suffer from a dry cough that does not go away within a month.

Symptoms also depend on the pathogen that provoked the disease. If inflammation of the respiratory tract is caused by influenza, the patient's temperature rises to 40 degrees, but does not fall for three days. IN in this case The most common symptoms are rhinitis and tracheitis.

If respiratory tract diseases are caused by parainfluenza, the temperature does not rise above 38 degrees for about 2 days. Symptoms are moderate. With parainfluenza, laryngitis most often develops.

Separately worth noting adenovirus infection which affects the respiratory tract. It most often occurs in the form of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and is also affected digestive system and eyes.

Drug treatment of airway inflammation

In case of an inflammatory process, the attending physician prescribes:

• Antiseptic drugs - Chlorhexidine, Hexetidine, Thymol, etc.
• Antibiotics – Framycetin, Fusafungin, Polymyxin.
• Sulfonamides can be combined with anesthetics - Lidocoine, Menthol, Tetracaine.
• Hemostatic drugs, this group of drugs contains plant extracts and sometimes beekeeping products.
• Antiviral drugs – Interferon, Lysozyme.
• Vitamins A, B, C.

Bioparox – antibacterial agent

The antibiotic Bioparox has proven itself well, it is released in the form of an aerosol, with its help you can effectively treat acute infections respiratory tract. Due to the fact that Bioparox contains aerosol particles, it immediately affects all organs of the respiratory tract, therefore it has a complex effect. Bioparox can be used to treat acute rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, laryngitis.

Gestetidine is an antifungal drug

This is the best medicine for treating inflammation in the pharynx. The drug is released in the form of an aerosol and rinse solution. Hexetidine is a low-toxic drug, so it can be used to treat infants. Except antimicrobial action, Hexetidine has an analgesic effect.

Traditional methods of treating respiratory inflammation

Recipes for the treatment of rhinitis

• Fresh beet juice. Drip 6 drops of fresh beet juice, this should be done in the morning, afternoon and evening. It is also recommended to use beetroot decoction for nasal instillation.
• Boiled potatoes. Cut the boiled potatoes into several parts: one is applied to the forehead, the other two parts are applied to the sinuses.
• Soda inhalation. Take 500 ml of water, add 2 tablespoons, if you are not allergic, you can add eucalyptus oil - 10 drops. The procedure is carried out at night.

Recipes for the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis

• Lemon. Eat one lemon at once, including the peel, and cut it before doing so. You can add sugar or honey.
• The herbal mixture is used for gargling. Need to take pharmaceutical chamomile– 2 tablespoons, eucalyptus leaves – 2 tablespoons, Linden blossom- 2 tablespoons, flaxseeds– a tablespoon. Let the mixture sit for half an hour. Gargle up to 5 times a day.
• Propolis infusion. Crushed propolis – 10 grams poured into half a glass of alcohol. Leave everything for a week. Rinse three times a day. When treating, drink tea with honey and herbs.
• Remedy with egg yolks. You need to take the yolk - 2 eggs, beat it with sugar until foam forms. With the help of this product you can quickly get rid of a hoarse voice.
• Dill seeds. You need to take 200 ml of boiling water and brew a tablespoon of dill seeds in it. Leave for about 30 minutes. Drink no more than two tablespoons after eating.
• A curd compress on the throat will help relieve inflammation and irritation from the throat. After just a few procedures you will feel better.

So, in order to avoid inflammation of the respiratory organs, it is necessary to treat a cold in a timely manner. Don't think that the disease will go away on its own. If you get a runny nose, bacteria from your nose will start to drain. First they will end up in the nose, then in the pharynx, then in the larynx, trachea and bronchi. It can all end in pneumonia (pneumonia). To prevent complications, it is necessary to take action at the first symptoms, and do not forget to consult a doctor.

Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract is dangerous primarily due to complications. It can be provoked, in particular:

• bacterial infections;
• viruses;
• hypothermia;
• common cold, etc.

How the disease manifests itself in adults and children, as well as the best way to treat it, we will tell you in this article.

Read also: What antibiotics to take for pneumonia

Symptoms

IN general cases the presence of an inflammatory process in the respiratory tract is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• elevated temperature;
• headache;
• sleep problems;
• aching joints;
• aching in the muscles as after hard work;
• lack of appetite;
• nausea and often vomiting.

The latter occurs due to severe intoxication. In more complex situations, a person experiences either abnormal arousal or, on the contrary, inhibition. Clarity of consciousness is almost always lost. IN in rare cases the picture is complemented by convulsions.

Read also: Symptoms and treatment of bronchopneumonia in children

Depending on the location of the primary localization of the infection, other specific signs are also detected.

In particular, if we are talking about a problem such as rhinitis (inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose), then at the first stage the patient:

• profuse snot appears;
• he sneezes all the time;
• As swelling develops, breathing becomes difficult.

Pharyngitis is an acute throat disease. A clear sign ailments are:

• difficulty swallowing;
• pain;
• feeling of a lump;
• itching in the palate.

Laryngitis is an inflammation that affects the larynx. Its consequences are:

• dry irritating cough;
• hoarseness;
• coating on the tongue.

Tonsillitis is a process that specifically affects the tonsils. The latter noticeably increase in size, which interferes with normal swallowing. The mucous membranes in this area become red and inflamed. It is also a pathology that affects the upper respiratory tract - tracheitis. This disease has a very characteristic feature– a dry, painful cough that sometimes does not go away for a month.

The development of parainfluenza is evidenced, first of all, by the relatively low viral infections temperature does not exceed 38 degrees. Hyperemia usually persists for 2 days in the presence of symptoms common to the group under consideration, but not too severe. Almost always, the disease mentioned above becomes the background for the development of laryngitis.

It is also worth mentioning adenovirus infection. It also mainly affects the respiratory tract and gradually leads to the development of:

• pharyngitis;
• tonsillitis.

Moreover, the digestive system and organs of vision often suffer from it.

Treatment with drugs

To combat pathologies of this type, the doctor usually prescribes a set of drugs that can quickly improve the patient’s condition.

For local impact For foci of inflammation, it is advisable to use the following fairly effective medications:

• Thymol;
• Chlorhexidine;
• Furacilin;
• Hexetidine.

In the presence of bacterial infection Prescribe antibiotics (tablets or sprays):

• Polymyxin;
• Framycetin;
• Fusafungin.

To reduce the severity of sore throat, the following anesthetics are allowed:

• Tetracaine;
• Lidocaine.

Excellent softening discomfort preparations containing menthol and eucalyptus oil.

To combat viruses the following is prescribed:

• Lysozyme;
• Interferon.

Useful for strengthening immunity and general strengthening vitamin complexes. For young children, medications should be used plant based, and also those that contain beekeeping products.

Among modern medicines, it is worth highlighting the antibiotic Bioparox. This product is produced in aerosol form and is used for inhalation. Due to the fact that the drug goes directly to the source of inflammation, even very acute ailments are treated quickly. The medicine is indicated in situations where:

• laryngitis;
• tracheobronchitis;
• pharyngitis;
• rhinosinusitis.

Often the causative agent is some kind of fungal infection. Hexetidine will help here. This tool supplied to pharmacies in the form:

• spray;
• rinse solution.

ethnoscience

If we are talking about rhinitis, then freshly squeezed beetroot juice will help. It must be instilled directly into the nose every 4 hours.

Warm boiled potatoes can also reduce the severity of symptoms. To do this, its slices are placed:

• on the forehead;
• to the nostrils.

Inhalation is a fairly simple but extremely effective procedure. Here you will need:

• half a liter of hot water;
• 2 tablespoons of baking soda;
• eucalyptus oil no more than 10 drops.

It is recommended to breathe healing steam before going to bed. Knowledgeable people also advise eating crushed lemon mixed with a few tablespoons at night natural honey. In one sitting, you need to consume the whole fruit, including the peel, at once.

Rinsing with a decoction based on the following medicinal herbs, taken in equal parts, also helps:

• chamomile;
• Linden;
• eucalyptus leaves;
• mint.

A collection of 6 tablespoons is poured into boiling water and kept in a thermos for an hour. It is recommended to use the drug at least 5 times a day. Propolis tincture relieves inflammation well. To do this, take 10 grams of the product and add it to half a glass of alcohol. Infuse the medicine for a week in a dark place, shaking daily. Also used for rinsing, diluting 10-15 drops with half a glass of warm water.

Eliminates sore throat egg yolks. 2 pieces are ground with sugar to a thick white foam and eaten slowly.

A decoction of dill seed is taken after meals, two tablespoons. Prepare it like this:

• a glass of hot water is placed in a water bath;
• pour dried raw materials;
• heat for 5 minutes, without bringing to a boil;
• stand for up to half an hour.

Upper respiratory tract diseases are common throughout the world and affect every fourth person. These include sore throat, laryngitis, pharyngitis, adenoiditis, sinusitis and rhinitis. The peak of diseases occurs in the off-season, when cases of inflammatory processes become widespread. The reason for this is acute respiratory diseases or the influenza virus. According to statistics, an adult suffers up to three cases of the disease, while a child experiences inflammation of the upper respiratory tract up to 10 times a year.

Causes

There are three main reasons for the development of various types of inflammation.

1. Virus. Influenza strains, rotoviruses, adenoviruses, mumps and measles, when they enter the body, cause a reaction in the form of inflammation.
2. Bacteria. The cause of a bacterial infection can be pneumococcus, staphylococcus, mycoplasma, meningococcus, mycobacteria and diphtheria, as well as pertussis.
3. Fungus. Candida, aspergillus, actinomycetes cause a local inflammatory process.

Most of the listed pathogenic organisms are transmitted from humans. Bacteria and viruses are unstable to the environment and practically do not live there. Some strains of the virus or fungi can live in the body, but manifest themselves only when the body's defenses are reduced. Infections occur during the period of activation of “dormant” pathogenic microbes.

Among the main methods of infection are:

• airborne transmission;
• by everyday means.

Virus particles, as well as microbes, penetrate through close contact with an infected person. Transmission is possible through talking, coughing, sneezing. All this is natural in diseases of the respiratory tract, because the first barrier to pathogenic microorganisms is the respiratory tract.

Tuberculosis, diphtheria and E. coli often enter the host's body through household means. Household and personal hygiene items become the link between a healthy and an infected person. Anyone can get sick, regardless of age, gender, financial status and social status.

Symptoms

The symptoms of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract are quite similar, with the exception of discomfort and pain, which are localized in the affected area. It is possible to determine the location of inflammation and the nature of the disease based on the symptoms of the disease, but it is possible to confirm the disease and identify the pathogen only after a thorough examination.

All diseases have an incubation period that lasts from 2 to 10 days, depending on the pathogen.

Rhinitis

Known to everyone as a runny nose, rhinitis is an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa. Characteristic of rhinitis is exudate in the form of a runny nose, which, when microbes multiply, comes out abundantly. Both sinuses are affected, as the infection spreads quickly.
Sometimes rhinitis may not cause a runny nose, but, on the contrary, may manifest as severe congestion. If, nevertheless, discharge is present, then its nature directly depends on the pathogen. Exudate can be a clear liquid, and sometimes purulent discharge and a green color.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinuses resolves as a secondary infection and is manifested by difficulty breathing and a feeling of congestion. Swelling of the sinuses causes headaches, has a negative effect on the optic nerves, and affects the sense of smell. Discomfort and pain in the area of ​​the bridge of the nose indicate an advanced inflammatory process. The discharge of pus is usually accompanied by fever and fever, as well as general malaise.

Angina

The inflammatory process in the area of ​​the palatine tonsils in the pharynx causes a number of characteristic symptoms:

• pain when swallowing;
• difficulty eating and drinking;
• elevated temperature;
• muscle weakness.

A sore throat can occur as a result of both a virus and a bacteria entering the body. In this case, the tonsils swell and a characteristic coating appears on them. With purulent tonsillitis, the palate and mucous membrane of the throat are covered with yellow and greenish deposits. With fungal etiology, a white plaque with a curd-like consistency.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the throat is manifested by sore throat and dry cough. Breathing may be difficult at times. General malaise and low-grade fever are not permanent phenomena. Pharyngitis usually occurs against the background of influenza and acute respiratory infection.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords also develops against the background of influenza, measles, whooping cough and parainfluenza. Laryngitis is characterized by hoarseness and cough. The mucous membrane of the larynx swells so much that it interferes with breathing. Without treatment, laryngitis can cause stenosis of the laryngeal walls or muscle spasm. Without treatment, symptoms only get worse.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchi (this is the lower part of the respiratory tract) is characterized by mucus discharge or a strong dry cough. In addition, bronchitis is characterized by symptoms of general intoxication and malaise. At the initial stage, symptoms may not appear until the inflammation reaches the nerve processes.

Pneumonia

Inflammation of lung tissue in the lower and upper parts of the lung, which usually cause pneumococci, are always accompanied by signs of general intoxication, fever and chills. As pneumonia progresses, the cough intensifies, but sputum may appear much later. If it is non-infectious, symptoms may not appear. The symptoms are similar to an advanced cold and the disease is not always diagnosed on time.

Therapy methods

After clarifying the diagnosis, treatment begins in accordance with the general condition of the patient and the cause of the inflammation. Three main types of treatment are considered:

• pathogenetic;
• symptomatic;
• etiotropic.

Pathogenetic treatment

It is based on stopping the development of the inflammatory process. To do this, immunostimulating drugs are used so that the body itself can fight the infection, as well as auxiliary treatment that suppresses the inflammatory process.

To strengthen the body, take:

• Anaferon;
• Amexin;
• Neovir;
• Levomax.

They are suitable for children and adults. Treating upper respiratory tract diseases without immune support is pointless. If the causative agent of inflammation of the respiratory system is a bacterium, treatment is carried out with Immudon or Bronchomunal. For individual indications, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used. They relieve general symptoms and suppress pain; this is important, especially if you are treating a child who is having a hard time with the disease.

Etiotropic method

Based on pathogen suppression. It is important to stop the reproduction of the virus and bacteria in the upper sections, as well as to prevent their spread. The main thing is to accurately establish the strain of the virus and the etiology of pathogenic microbes in order to choose the right regimen and begin treatment. Among the antiviral drugs, the following should be highlighted:

• Remantadine;
• Relenz;
• Arbidol;
• Kagocel;
• Isoprinosine.

They only help when the disease is caused by a virus. If you can't kill it, as is the case with herpes, you can simply suppress the symptoms.

Bacterial inflammation of the respiratory tract can only be cured with antibacterial drugs; the dosage must be prescribed by a doctor. These medications are very dangerous if used rashly and can cause irreparable harm to the body.

For a child, such treatment can lead to complications in the future. Therefore, when choosing a drug, special attention is paid to the patient’s age, his physiological characteristics, and a test is carried out for the presence of allergic reactions. Modern pharmacology offers effective drugs from the group of macrolides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones for treatment.

Symptomatic treatment

Since antibacterial or antifungal treatment has a gradual effect in most cases of the disease, it is important to suppress the symptoms that cause discomfort to the person. For this there is symptomatic treatment.

1. Nasal drops are used to suppress a runny nose.
2. To relieve a sore throat and reduce swelling, use broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs or herbal topical sprays.
3. Symptoms such as cough or sore throat can be suppressed with expectorants.

With severe swelling of the upper and lower parts of the lungs, symptomatic treatment does not always have the desired result. It is important not to use all known treatment methods, but to choose the right regimen based on the comprehensive elimination of symptoms and the causative agent of inflammation.

Inhalation will help relieve swelling, suppress cough and soreness in the upper throat, and stop a runny nose. And traditional methods of treatment can improve breathing and prevent oxygen starvation.

The main thing is not to self-medicate, but to undergo it under the supervision of a specialist and follow all his recommendations.

is a protective function of the body that allows you to clear the airways of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, infections, as well as eliminate mucus or phlegm. The body's reaction occurs to an allergic lesion or inflammation on the mucous membrane of the bronchi, throat, larynx or lungs. A person may also cough due to inhalation of gases, vapors, dust or dirt.

In the process of treating cough against the background of inflammation of the respiratory tract, it is important to establish the true cause of the disease. To do this, the patient should undergo a detailed diagnosis in the office of an ENT doctor. Independent use medicines may cause inflammation or severe side symptoms.

The formation of a throat cough indicates the beginning of the inflammatory process. But if coughing is not accompanied by acute symptoms, we may not be talking about pathologically dangerous processes, but about a natural reaction of the body. When dust or other foreign objects are inhaled, the immune system tries to clear the mucous membrane of the throat through coughing. This process does not require drug treatment and should not frighten a person.

Urgent treatment is only necessary if the cough causes vomiting, headaches, disturbs sleep.

It is believed that a person coughs up dust and dirt that has penetrated the mucous membranes more than twenty times a day.

There is also Several reasons for the formation of an upper cough:

1. Hypothermia. In the case of long walks and frostbite in the throat, spasms of blood vessels occur, which are responsible for the production of sputum. This process is accompanied by dryness and itching, which causes a prolonged cough.
2. Viral or bacterial inflammation. For a cough that develops against the background pathogenic development appears in the throat nonproductive cough, which eventually turns into a wet form. In some cases, the disease in the upper compartment is accompanied by a debilitating cough for several weeks.
3. Inflammation of the bronchopulmonary system may occur due to trauma. This reason is common among young children who, due to lack of experience, put food in their mouths. foreign objects. If the child begins to choke and cough, parents should first check the oral cavity for the presence of small parts.
4. Traumatization among adults occurs through inhalation of chemicals and hazardous emissions, as well as prolonged exposure to a dusty and dirty place.
5. Allergy. If a certain irritant enters the throat cavity, the mucous membrane of the throat may experience allergic reaction. In this case, patients note the formation of a debilitating dry cough, which may be accompanied by itching, burning, dryness, and redness. skin and mucous membranes. Treatment of cough of an allergic nature is described.
6. Addiction to bad habits . Risk of asphyxia due to swelling respiratory systems and dysfunction increases several times if the patient smokes. The so-called "" appears due to severe irritation mucous membrane due to inhalation of vapors, acids and alkalis.

Treatment methods

Treatment chest cough should be aimed at eliminating the root cause Therefore, it is important to ask your doctor how to treat upper respiratory tract cough in adults and children. After identifying the inflammation that provokes the formation of cough syndrome, the specialist will draw up an individual treatment regimen that will correspond to all the characteristics of the body and the mechanism of development of the disease.

The symptoms of inflammation can only be eliminated with complex treatment. To prescribe the correct dosage, consult and follow the advice of your pediatrician.

If it is not possible to diagnose the nature and mechanism of development of inflammation, the patient is prescribed a trial treatment, during which the patient takes inhalation drugs, nasal anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid medications, as well as drugs to eliminate the source of inflammation.

With the help of medicines that can be combined with traditional recipes, the attending physician will translate dry form into productive cough. For this purpose, adults are prescribed synthetic drugs, and for the treatment of children it is necessary to select herbal preparations.

Subsequently, the patient will be prescribed complex treatment for elimination not only symptoms, but also the source of inflammation. Thus, the following medications are prescribed:

For children

If an adult's cough is treated with powerful drugs, then a dry throat cough in a baby requires softer approach. The first thing parents should do is contact pediatrician and carry out a number of diagnostic procedures.

Upper respiratory tract cough is treated according to the following scheme:

You can eliminate a cough in combination with traditional methods. You can find out how to prepare decoctions here. In addition, try rubbing your baby's chest. The correct method is described.

Conclusion

remember, that self-treatment may cause inflammation. In addition, you can provoke the development of not only ARVI, but also various benign or malignant neoplasms. If the cough is not treated, it can develop into bronchial asthma, acute bronchitis or laryngitis. In addition, lack of medical attention can cause pneumonia or an abscess.

To avoid dangerous consequences you must pass on time differential diagnosis and a full course of treatment.